Datasheet

PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE
R2949
(Low Dark Counts Type of R928)
Modified R928, 8 mm × 6 mm Photocathode Size
Low Dark Counts, Extended Red Multialkali, High Sensitivity
For Photon Counting Applications
The R2949 is a 28mm (1-1/8 inch) diameter, 9-stage,
side-on type photomultiplier tube having the same extended red multialkali photocathode as the R928. The
R2949 features very low dark counts, extremely high
quantum efficiency, high gain, good S/N ratio and wide
spectral response from UV to near infrared.
The R2949 is well suited for use in various low-level photometries such as general single photon counting applications and fluorescence life time measurement.
The R2949 is directly interchangeable with the R928.
FEATURES
●Low Dark Counts ....................................... 300 s-1 (at 25 °C)
●Low Dark Current ......... 2 nA (after 30 min storage in darkness)
●Wide Spectral Response ......................... 185 nm to 900 nm
●High Cathode Sensitivity
Luminous .......................................................... 200 µA/lm
Radiant at 400 nm .............................................. 68 mA/W
●High Anode Sensitivity (at 1000 V)
Luminous .......................................................... 2000 A/lm
Radiant at 400 nm ....................................... 6.8 × 105 A/W
●Low Drift and Hysteresis
Figure 1: Typical Spectral Response
100
TPMSB0155EB
GENERAL
Parameter
Description/Value
185 to 900
Spectral Response
400
Wavelength of Maximum Response
MateriaI
Multialkali
Photocathode
Minimum Effective Area
8×6
UV glass
Window Material
Multialkali
Secondary Emitting Surface
Circular-cage
Structure
Dynode
9
Number of Stages
4
Direct Interelectrode Anode to Last Dynode
6
Anode to All Other Electrodes
Capacitances
Base
11-pin base JEDEC No. B11-88
Weight
Approx. 45
Operating Ambient Temperature
-30 to +50
Storage Temperature
-30 to +50
SuitabIe Socket
E678–11A (Sold Separately)
SuitabIe Socket Assembly
E717–63 (Sold Separately)
Unit
nm
nm
—
mm
—
—
—
—
pF
pF
—
g
°C
°C
—
—
CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W)
QUANTUM EFFICIENCY (%)
SPECIFICATIONS
10
QUANTUM
EFFICIENCY
CATHODE RADIANT
SENSITIVITY
1
0.1
0.01
100 200 300 400
500 600
700 800 900 1000
WAVELENGTH (nm)
Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office.
Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are
subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. ©2006 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES R2949
MAXIMUM RATINGS (Absolute Maximum Values)
Parameter
Between Anode and Cathode
Supply Voltage
Between Anode and Last Dynode
Average Anode Current A
Value
1250
250
0.1
Unit
V
V
mA
CHARACTERISTlCS (at 25 °C)
Parameter
Quantum Efficiency at 255 nm
Luminous B
at 194 nm
at 254 nm
at 400 nm
Radiant
at 633 nm
at 852 nm
Red/White Ratio C
Blue Sensitivity Index D
Luminous E
at 194 nm
at 254 nm
Radiant
at 400 nm
at 633 nm
at 852 nm
Cathode Sensitivity
Anode Sensitivity
Min.
—
140
—
—
—
—
—
0.1
—
1000
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Gain E
at +25 °C
at -20 °C
Anode Dark Current F (After 30 min Storage in Darkness)
ENI (Equivalent Noise Input) G
Anode Pulse Rise Time H
Time Response E
Electron Transit Time J
Light Hysteresis
Anode Current Stability K
Voltage Hysteresis
Anode Dark Count F
Max.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
500
—
25
—
—
—
—
—
Typ.
25.3
200
18
52
68
41
3.5
0.3
7.5
2000
1.8 × 105
5.2 × 105
6.8 × 105
4.1 × 105
3.5 × 104
1.0 × 107
300
3
2
1.2 × 10-16
2.2
22
0.1
1.0
Unit
%
µA/lm
mA/W
mA/W
mA/W
mA/W
mA/W
—
—
A/lm
A/W
A/W
A/W
A/W
A/W
—
s-1
s-1
nA
W
ns
ns
%
%
NOTES
Table 1:Voltage Distribution Ratio
Electrode
Distribution
Ratio
K
Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy4 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9
1
1
1
1
1
SuppIy Voltage: 1000 V, K: Cathode,
1
1
1
Dy: Dynode,
1
P
1
P: Anode
F: Measured with the same supply voltage and voltage distribution ratio as
Note E after 30 minute storage in darkness.
G:ENI is an indication of the photon-limited signal-to-noise ratio. It refers to
the amount of light in watts to produce a signal-to-noise ratio of unity in the
output of a photomultiplier tube.
ENI =
2q.ldb.G.∆f
S
where
q = Electronic charge (1.60 × 10-19 coulomb).
ldb = Anode dark current (after 30 minute storage) in amperes.
G = Gain.
∆f = Bandwidth of the system in hertz. 1 hertz is used.
S = Anode radiant sensitivity in amperes per watt at the wavelength of peak response.
H: The rise time is the time for the output pulse to rise from 10 % to 90 % of the
peak amplitude when the entire photocathode is illuminated by a delta
function light pulse.
J: The electron transit time is the interval between the arrival of delta function
light pulse at the entrance window of the tube and the time when the anode
output reaches the peak amplitude. In measurement, the whole photocathode is illuminated.
K: Hysteresis is temporary instability in anode current after light and voltage
are applied.
ANODE
CURRENT
A: Averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maximum.
B: The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution
temperature of 2856K. Supply voltage is 100 V between the cathode and
all other electrodes connected together as anode.
C: Red/White ratio is the quotient of the cathode current measured using a
red filter (Toshiba R-68) interposed between the light source and the tube
by the cathode current measured with the filter removed under the same
conditions as Note B.
D: The value is cathode output current when a blue filter (Corning CS 5-58
polished to 1/2 stock thickness) is interposed between the light source and
the tube under the same condition as Note B.
E: Measured with the same light source as Note B and with the anode-tocathode supply voltage and voltage distribution ratio shown in Table 1.
l max.
li
l min.
TIME
0
5
6
7 (minutes)
TPMSB0002EA
Hysteresis =
lmax.
lmin.
li
× 100 (%)
(1)Light Hysteresis
The tube is operated at 750 V with an anode current of 1 µA for
5 minutes. The light is then removed from the tube for a minute. The tube is
then re-illuminated by the previous light level for a minute to measure the
variation.
Figure 2: Anode Luminous Sensitivity and Gain
Characteristics
104
TPMSB0156EB
(2)Voltage Hysteresis
The tube is operated at 300 V with an anode current of 0.1 µA
for 5 minutes. The light is then removed from the tube and the supply voltage
is quickly increased to 800 V. After a minute, the supply voltage is then
reduced to the previous value and the tube is re-illuminated for a minute to
measure the variation.
Figure 3: Typical Time Response
108
100
TPMSB0157EC
E
S
60
107
102
101
40
Y
IT
D V
AN TI
N NSI
A
I
L
A E
CA
LG ES
PI
CA OD
I
TY
P N
TY M A
U
M
NI
MI
D
NO
TRANSIT
TIME
106
105
20
TIME (ns)
S
EN
I
IV
IT
103
GAIN
ANODE LUMINOUS SENSITIVITY (A/lm)
80
TY
10
8
6
100
104
4
10-1
RISE TIM
E
103
10-2
500
700
2
102
1500
1000
1
500
700
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
1000
1500
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 4: Typical Temperature Coefficient of Anode
Sensitivity
Figure 5: Typical Temperature Characteristic of Dark Counts
TPMSB0158EB
160
10000
TPMSB0159EB
800nm
140
600nm
1000
DARK COUNTS (s-1)
ANODE SENSITIVITY (%)
120
400nm
100
80
60
100
10
40
20
0
-30
-20
-10
0
+10
+20
+30
TEMPERATURE (°C)
+40
+50
0
-30
-20
-10
0
+10
+20
TEMPERATURE (°C)
+30
+40
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES R2949
Figure 6: Single Photon Pulse Height Distribution
29.0 ± 1.7
TPMSB0160EA
8 MIN.
AMBIENT TEMP. : 25 °C
SUPPLY VOLTAGE* : 730 V
WAVELENGTH OF
INCIDENT LIGHT : 800 nm
DARK COUNTS
: 300 s-1
PHOTOCATHODE
7 MIN.
DY5
80 MAX.
49 ± 1
5.0 × 103
DY6
6
7
DY7
8 DY8
DY3 3
DY2
9 DY9
2
10 P
1
11
K
DY1
DIRECTION OF LIGHT
SIGNAL + DARK
2.5 × 103
5
DY4 4
94 MAX.
7.5 × 103
6 MIN.
COUNTS PER CHANNEL (s-1)
104
Figure 7: Dimensional Outline and Basing Diagram (Unit: mm)
Bottom View
(Basing Diagram)
DARK
0
0
512
32.2 ± 0.5
DISCRIMINATION LEVEL
PULSE HEIGHT (Channel)
INSULATION COVER
11 PIN BASE
JEDEC No. B11-88
* The supply voltage is set at gain to be 1 × 106
Figure 7: Accessories (Unit: mm)
TPMSA0016EA
Sold Separately
Socket E678-11A
D Type Socket Assembly E717-63
49
5
3.5
PMT
SOCKET
PIN No.
10
P
3.5
33
33.0 ± 0.3
38
38.0 ± 0.3
5
49.0 ± 0.3
9
DY8
8
DY7
7
DY6
6
DY5
5
DY4
4
DY3
3
DY2
2
DY1
K
1
R9
C2
R8
C1
4
R1 to R10 : 330 kΩ
C1 to C3 : 10 nF
R5
0.7
30.0 +0
-1
450 ± 10
C3
R6
4
18
TACCA0064EA
R10
R7
29.0 ± 0.3
29
DY9
SIGNAL GND
SIGNAL OUTPUT
RG-174/U(BLACK)
POWER SUPPLY GND
AWG22 (BLACK)
31.0 ± 0.5
R4
HOUSING
(INSULATOR)
POTTING
COMPOUND
R3
R2
R1
11
-HV
AWG22 (VIOLET)
* Hamamatsu also provides C4900 series compact high voltage power
supplies and C6270 series DP type socket assemblies which incorporate a DC to DC converter type high voltage power supply.
TACCA0002EH
Warning–Personal Safety Hazards
Electrical Shock–Operating voltages applied to this
device present a shock hazard.
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HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electron Tube Division
314-5, Shimokanzo, Iwata City, Shizuoka Pref., 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205
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TPMS1045E02
JUL. 2006. IP