PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE R2949 (Low Dark Counts Type of R928) Modified R928, 8 × 6mm Photocathode Area Size Low Dark Counts, Extended Red Multialkali, High Sensitivity For Photon Counting Applications FEATURES Low Dark Counts ................................................. 300cps (at 25°C) Low Dark Current ............................................. 2nA (after 30min.) Wide Spectral Response ........................................ 185 to 900 nm High Cathode Sensitivity Luminous ...................................................................... 200µA/lm Radiant at 400nm ........................................................... 68mA/W High Anode Sensitivity (at 1000V) Luminous ...................................................................... 2000A/lm Radiant at 400nm .................................................... 6.8 × 105A/W Low Drift and Hysteresis The R2949 is a 28mm (1-1/8 inch) diameter, 9-stage, side-on type photomultiplier tube having the same extended red multialkali photocathode as the R928. The R2949 features very low dark counts, extremely high quantum efficiency, high gain, good S/N ratio and wide spectral response from UV to near infrared. The R2949 is well suited for use in various low-level photometries such as general single photon counting applications and fluorescence life time measurement. The R2949 is directly interchangeable with the R928. GENERAL Figure 1: Typical Spectral Response Spectral Response Wavelength of Maximum Response Photocathode nm 400 nm — 8×6 mm UV glass — Multialkali — Circular-cage — 9 — Anode to Last Dynode Approx. 4 pF Anode to All Other Electrodes Approx. 6 pF Minimum Useful Size Secondary Emitting Surface Structure Number of Stages Direct Interelectrode Capacitances 185 to 900 Multialkali Material Window Material Dynode Description/Value Unit Base 11-pin base JEDEC No. B11-88 — Weight Approx. 45 g Suitable Socket (Option) E678-11A — E717-21 — Suitable Socket Assembly (Option) 100 CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W) QUANTUM EFFICIENCY (%) Parameter TPMSB0155EA CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY 10 QUANTUM EFFICIENCY 1 0.1 0.01 200 400 600 800 1000 WAVELENGTH (nm) Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office. Information furnished by HAMAMATS U is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. © 1998 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE R2949 MAXIMUM RATINGS (Absolute Maximum Values at 25°C) Supply Voltage Unit A: Averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maximum. Between Anode and Cathode 1250 Vdc Between Anode and Last Dynode 250 Vdc 0.1 mA B: The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of 2856K. Supply voltage is 100 volts between the cathode and all other electrodes connected together as anode. -80 to +50 °C Average Anode Current A Ambient Temperature CHARACTERISTICS (at 25°C) Parameter Quantum Efficiency at 255nm Luminous B Cathode Sensitivity Radiant Anode Dark Current 25.3 — % — µA/lm — mA/W at 254nm — 52 — mA/W at 400nm — 68 — mA/W at 633nm — 41 — mA/W at 852nm — 3.5 — mA/W 0.1 0.3 — — — 7.5 — µA/lm-b 1000 2000 — A/lm — 1.8 × 105 — A/W at 254nm — 5.2 × 105 — A/W at 400nm — 6.8 × 105 — A/W at 633nm — 4.1 × 105 — A/W at 852nm — 3.5 × 104 — A/W — 1.0 × 107 — — C Gain E F — 18 at 194nm Anode Dark Counts Unit 200 Luminous E F Max. — with R-68 Filter Radiant Typ. 140 Blue D Anode Min. at 194nm Red/White Ratio Sensitivity at +25°C — 300 500 cps at -20°C — 3 — cps — 2 25 nA — W ENI (Equivalent Noise Input) G 1.2 × — Anode Pulse 10-16 — 2.2 — ns — 22 — ns Anode Current Current Hysteresis — 0.1 — % Stability K — 1.0 — % Time Response Rise Time H E Electron Transit Time J Voltage Hysteresis Table 1: Voltage Distribution Ratio Electrodes Distribution Ratio K Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy4 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9 1 NOTES Value 1 1 1 Supply Voltage= 1000Vdc K: Cathode, Dy: Dynode, P: Anode 1 1 1 1 1 P 1 C: Red/white ratio is the quotient of the cathode current measured using a red filter interposed between the light source and the tube by the cathode current measured with the filter removed under the same conditions as Note B. D: The value is cathode output current when a blue filter (Corning CS 5-58 polished to 1/2 stock thickness) is interposed between the light source and the tube under the same conditions as Note B. E: Measured with the same light source as Note B and with the anode-to-cathode supply voltage and voltage distribution ratio shown in Table 1. F: Measured with the same supply voltage and the voltage distribution ratio as Note E after 30 minute storage in the darkness. G: ENI is an indication of the photon limited signal-to-noise ratio. It refers to the amount of light in watts to produce a signal-to-noise ratio of unity in the output of a photomultiplier tube. ENI = 2q•ldb•G•∆f S where q = Electronic charge (1.60 × 10-19 coulomb) ldb = Anode dark current (after 30 minute storage) in darkness) in amperes G = Gain ∆f = Bandwidth of the system in hertz. 1 hertz is used. S = Anode radiant sensitivity in amperes per watt at the wavelength of peak response. H: The rise time is the time for the output pulse to rise from 10% to 90% of the peak amplitude when the entire photocathode is illuminated by a delta function light pulse. J: The electron transit time is the interval between the arrival of delta function light pulse at the entrance window of the tube and the time when the anode output reaches the peak amplitude. In measurement, the whole photocathode is illuminated. K. Hysteresis is temporary instability in anode current after light and voltage are applied. ANODE CURRENT Parameter Ii 0 Hysteresis = 5 Imin. 6 Imax. - Imin. Ij Imax. 7 (MINUTES) TIME × 100 (%) (1) Current Hysteresis The tube is operated at 750 volts with an anode current of 1 microampere for 5 minutes. The light is then removed from the tube for a minute. The tube is then re-illuminated at the previous light level for a minute to measure the variation. (2)Voltage Hysteresis The tube is operated at 300 volts with an anode current of 0.1 microampere for 5 minutes. The light is then removed from the tube and the supply voltage is quickly increased to 800 volts. After a minute, the supply voltage is reduced to the previous value and the tube is re-illuminated for a minute to measure the variation. Figure 2: Anode Sensitivity and Gain Characteristics Figure 3: Typical Time Response TPMSB0157EA 108 200 103 107 100 80 60 TY PI CA LA M NO IN T DE IM YP UM IC SE AN AL NS OD GA IT IV E IN A IT SE N Y D NS IT IV IT Y 101 100 40 106 105 TRAN SIT TIM TIME (ns) 102 GAIN ANODE LUMINOUS SENSITIVITY (A/lm) TPMSB0156EA 104 104 E 20 10 8 6 4 RISE 10-1 103 TIME 2 10-2 200 300 500 700 102 1500 1000 1 300 500 700 1000 1500 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Figure 4: Typical Temperature Coefficient of Anode Sensitivity Figure 5: Typical Temperature Characteristic of Dark Counts TPMSB0158EA TPMSB0159EA 160 10000 800nm 140 600nm 1000 DARK COUNTS (cps) ANODE SENSITIVITY (%) 120 400nm 100 80 60 100 10 40 20 0 -40 -20 0 +20 TEMPERATURE (°C) +40 0 -40 -20 0 +20 TEMPERATURE (°C) +40 PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE R2949 Figure 6: Single Photon Pulse Height Distribution TPMSB0160EA 29.0 ± 1.7 AMBIENT TEMP. : 25°C SUPPLY VOLTAGE*: 730Vdc WAVELENGTH OF INCIDENT LIGHT : 800nm : 300cps DARK COUNTS PHOTOCATHODE DY5 7MIN. 7.5 × 103 8MIN. 80MAX. SIGNAL + DARK DY6 6 7 DY7 8 DY8 DY3 3 94MAX. 49 ± 1 2.5 × 103 5 DY4 4 5.0 × 103 6MIN. COUNTS PER CHANNEL (cps) 104 Figure 7: Dimensional Outline and Basing Diagram (Unit: mm) DY2 9 DY9 2 10 P 1 11 K DY1 DIRECTION OF LIGHT DARK 0 0 512 DISCRIMINATION LEVEL 32.2 ± 0.5 PULSE HEIGHT (Channel) INSULATION COVER 11 PIN BASE JEDEC No. B11-88 * The supply voltage is set at gain to be 1 × 106 TPMSA0016EA Figure 8: Optional Accessories (Unit: mm) E678-11A (Socket) D Type Socket Assembly E717-21 49 PMT 38 3.5 10 P DY9 9 38.0 ± 0.3 DY8 8 49.0 ± 0.3 DY7 7 29 DY6 6 DY5 5 DY4 4 DY3 3 DY2 2 DY1 K 1 3.5 33 33.0 ± 0.3 5 5 R10 C3 R9 C2 R8 C1 SIGNAL GND SIGNAL OUTPUT RG-174/U (BLACK) POWER SUPPLY GND AWG22 (BLACK) R7 4 4.8 29 SOCKET PIN No. R6 R to R10 : 330kΩ C1 to C3 : 0.01µF L 18 R5 31.0 ± 0.5 R4 HOUSING (INSULATOR) * Hamamatsu also provides C4900 series modular type high voltage power supplies and C6270 series DP type socket assemblies which incorporate a DC to DC converter type high voltage power supply. 450 ± 10 TACCA0064EA POTTING COMPOUND R3 R2 R1 11 -HV AWG22 (VIOLET) TACCA0002ED Warning-Personal Safety Hazards Electrical Shock — Operating voltage applied to this device presents shock hazard. HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electoron Tube Center 314-5, Shimokanzo, Toyooka-village, Iwata-gun, Shizuoka-ken, 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205 U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P. O. Box 6910, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218 Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658 France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 8, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10 United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limted: Lough Point, 2 Gladbeck Way, Windmill Hill, Enfield, Middlesex EN2 7JA, United Kingdom, Telephone: (44)181-367-3560, Fax: (44)181-367-6384 North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Färögatan 7, S-164-40 Kista Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-703-29-50, Fax: (46)8-750-58-95 Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Via Della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)2-935 81 733, Fax: (39)2-935 81 741 TPMS1045E01 JUN. 1998