HAMAMATSU R2949

PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE
R2949
(Low Dark Counts Type of R928)
Modified R928, 8 × 6mm Photocathode Area Size
Low Dark Counts, Extended Red Multialkali, High Sensitivity
For Photon Counting Applications
FEATURES
Low Dark Counts ................................................. 300cps (at 25°C)
Low Dark Current ............................................. 2nA (after 30min.)
Wide Spectral Response ........................................ 185 to 900 nm
High Cathode Sensitivity
Luminous ...................................................................... 200µA/lm
Radiant at 400nm ........................................................... 68mA/W
High Anode Sensitivity (at 1000V)
Luminous ...................................................................... 2000A/lm
Radiant at 400nm .................................................... 6.8 × 105A/W
Low Drift and Hysteresis
The R2949 is a 28mm (1-1/8 inch) diameter, 9-stage, side-on type photomultiplier tube having the same extended red multialkali photocathode as the R928. The R2949 features very low dark counts,
extremely high quantum efficiency, high gain, good S/N ratio and wide
spectral response from UV to near infrared.
The R2949 is well suited for use in various low-level photometries such
as general single photon counting applications and fluorescence life
time measurement.
The R2949 is directly interchangeable with the R928.
GENERAL
Figure 1: Typical Spectral Response
Spectral Response
Wavelength of Maximum Response
Photocathode
nm
400
nm
—
8×6
mm
UV glass
—
Multialkali
—
Circular-cage
—
9
—
Anode to Last Dynode
Approx. 4
pF
Anode to All Other Electrodes
Approx. 6
pF
Minimum Useful Size
Secondary Emitting Surface
Structure
Number of Stages
Direct
Interelectrode
Capacitances
185 to 900
Multialkali
Material
Window Material
Dynode
Description/Value Unit
Base
11-pin base
JEDEC No. B11-88
—
Weight
Approx. 45
g
Suitable Socket (Option)
E678-11A
—
E717-21
—
Suitable Socket Assembly (Option)
100
CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W)
QUANTUM EFFICIENCY (%)
Parameter
TPMSB0155EA
CATHODE
RADIANT
SENSITIVITY
10
QUANTUM
EFFICIENCY
1
0.1
0.01
200
400
600
800
1000
WAVELENGTH (nm)
Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office.
Information furnished by HAMAMATS U is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are
subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. © 1998 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE R2949
MAXIMUM RATINGS (Absolute Maximum Values at 25°C)
Supply Voltage
Unit
A: Averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maximum.
Between Anode and Cathode
1250
Vdc
Between Anode and Last Dynode
250
Vdc
0.1
mA
B: The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at
a distribution temperature of 2856K. Supply voltage is
100 volts between the cathode and all other electrodes
connected together as anode.
-80 to +50
°C
Average Anode Current
A
Ambient Temperature
CHARACTERISTICS (at 25°C)
Parameter
Quantum
Efficiency
at 255nm
Luminous B
Cathode
Sensitivity
Radiant
Anode Dark Current
25.3
—
%
—
µA/lm
—
mA/W
at 254nm
—
52
—
mA/W
at 400nm
—
68
—
mA/W
at 633nm
—
41
—
mA/W
at 852nm
—
3.5
—
mA/W
0.1
0.3
—
—
—
7.5
—
µA/lm-b
1000
2000
—
A/lm
—
1.8 × 105
—
A/W
at 254nm
—
5.2 ×
105
—
A/W
at 400nm
—
6.8 × 105
—
A/W
at 633nm
—
4.1 ×
105
—
A/W
at 852nm
—
3.5 × 104
—
A/W
—
1.0 × 107
—
—
C
Gain E
F
—
18
at 194nm
Anode Dark Counts
Unit
200
Luminous E
F
Max.
—
with R-68 Filter
Radiant
Typ.
140
Blue D
Anode
Min.
at 194nm
Red/White Ratio
Sensitivity
at +25°C
—
300
500
cps
at -20°C
—
3
—
cps
—
2
25
nA
—
W
ENI (Equivalent Noise Input)
G
1.2 ×
—
Anode Pulse
10-16
—
2.2
—
ns
—
22
—
ns
Anode Current Current Hysteresis
—
0.1
—
%
Stability K
—
1.0
—
%
Time
Response
Rise Time H
E
Electron Transit Time J
Voltage Hysteresis
Table 1: Voltage Distribution Ratio
Electrodes
Distribution
Ratio
K
Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy4 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9
1
NOTES
Value
1
1
1
Supply Voltage= 1000Vdc
K: Cathode, Dy: Dynode, P: Anode
1
1
1
1
1
P
1
C: Red/white ratio is the quotient of the cathode current
measured using a red filter interposed between the light
source and the tube by the cathode current measured
with the filter removed under the same conditions as
Note B.
D: The value is cathode output current when a blue filter
(Corning CS 5-58 polished to 1/2 stock thickness) is
interposed between the light source and the tube under
the same conditions as Note B.
E: Measured with the same light source as Note B and with
the anode-to-cathode supply voltage and voltage
distribution ratio shown in Table 1.
F: Measured with the same supply voltage and the voltage
distribution ratio as Note E after 30 minute storage in
the darkness.
G: ENI is an indication of the photon limited signal-to-noise
ratio. It refers to the amount of light in watts to produce
a signal-to-noise ratio of unity in the output of a
photomultiplier tube.
ENI =
2q•ldb•G•∆f
S
where q = Electronic charge (1.60 × 10-19 coulomb)
ldb = Anode dark current (after 30 minute storage)
in darkness) in amperes
G = Gain
∆f = Bandwidth of the system in hertz. 1 hertz is
used.
S = Anode radiant sensitivity in amperes per watt
at the wavelength of peak response.
H: The rise time is the time for the output pulse to rise from
10% to 90% of the peak amplitude when the entire photocathode is illuminated by a delta function light pulse.
J: The electron transit time is the interval between the
arrival of delta function light pulse at the entrance
window of the tube and the time when the anode output
reaches the peak amplitude. In measurement, the
whole photocathode is illuminated.
K. Hysteresis is temporary instability in anode current after
light and voltage are applied.
ANODE
CURRENT
Parameter
Ii
0
Hysteresis =
5
Imin.
6
Imax. - Imin.
Ij
Imax.
7 (MINUTES)
TIME
× 100 (%)
(1) Current Hysteresis
The tube is operated at 750 volts with an anode current of 1
microampere for 5 minutes. The light is then removed from
the tube for a minute. The tube is then re-illuminated at the
previous light level for a minute to measure the variation.
(2)Voltage Hysteresis
The tube is operated at 300 volts with an anode current of
0.1 microampere for 5 minutes. The light is then removed
from the tube and the supply voltage is quickly increased to
800 volts. After a minute, the supply voltage is reduced to
the previous value and the tube is re-illuminated for a
minute to measure the variation.
Figure 2: Anode Sensitivity and Gain Characteristics
Figure 3: Typical Time Response
TPMSB0157EA
108
200
103
107
100
80
60
TY
PI
CA
LA
M
NO
IN T
DE
IM YP
UM IC
SE
AN AL
NS
OD GA
IT
IV
E IN A
IT
SE N
Y
D
NS
IT
IV
IT
Y
101
100
40
106
105
TRAN
SIT TIM
TIME (ns)
102
GAIN
ANODE LUMINOUS SENSITIVITY (A/lm)
TPMSB0156EA
104
104
E
20
10
8
6
4
RISE
10-1
103
TIME
2
10-2
200
300
500
700
102
1500
1000
1
300
500
700
1000
1500
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 4: Typical Temperature Coefficient of Anode
Sensitivity
Figure 5: Typical Temperature Characteristic of Dark
Counts
TPMSB0158EA
TPMSB0159EA
160
10000
800nm
140
600nm
1000
DARK COUNTS (cps)
ANODE SENSITIVITY (%)
120
400nm
100
80
60
100
10
40
20
0
-40
-20
0
+20
TEMPERATURE (°C)
+40
0
-40
-20
0
+20
TEMPERATURE (°C)
+40
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE R2949
Figure 6: Single Photon Pulse Height Distribution
TPMSB0160EA
29.0 ± 1.7
AMBIENT TEMP. : 25°C
SUPPLY VOLTAGE*: 730Vdc
WAVELENGTH OF
INCIDENT LIGHT : 800nm
: 300cps
DARK COUNTS
PHOTOCATHODE
DY5
7MIN.
7.5 × 103
8MIN.
80MAX.
SIGNAL + DARK
DY6
6
7
DY7
8 DY8
DY3 3
94MAX.
49 ± 1
2.5 × 103
5
DY4 4
5.0 × 103
6MIN.
COUNTS PER CHANNEL (cps)
104
Figure 7: Dimensional Outline and Basing Diagram
(Unit: mm)
DY2
9 DY9
2
10 P
1
11
K
DY1
DIRECTION OF LIGHT
DARK
0
0
512
DISCRIMINATION LEVEL
32.2 ± 0.5
PULSE HEIGHT (Channel)
INSULATION COVER
11 PIN BASE
JEDEC No. B11-88
* The supply voltage is set at gain to be 1 × 106
TPMSA0016EA
Figure 8: Optional Accessories (Unit: mm)
E678-11A (Socket)
D Type Socket Assembly E717-21
49
PMT
38
3.5
10
P
DY9
9
38.0 ± 0.3
DY8
8
49.0 ± 0.3
DY7
7
29
DY6
6
DY5
5
DY4
4
DY3
3
DY2
2
DY1
K
1
3.5
33
33.0 ± 0.3
5
5
R10
C3
R9
C2
R8
C1
SIGNAL GND
SIGNAL OUTPUT RG-174/U
(BLACK)
POWER SUPPLY GND
AWG22 (BLACK)
R7
4
4.8
29
SOCKET
PIN No.
R6 R to R10 : 330kΩ
C1 to C3 : 0.01µF
L
18
R5
31.0 ± 0.5
R4
HOUSING
(INSULATOR)
* Hamamatsu also provides C4900 series modular type high voltage power
supplies and C6270 series DP type socket assemblies which incorporate
a DC to DC converter type high voltage power supply.
450 ± 10
TACCA0064EA
POTTING
COMPOUND
R3
R2
R1
11
-HV
AWG22 (VIOLET)
TACCA0002ED
Warning-Personal Safety Hazards
Electrical Shock — Operating voltage
applied to this device presents shock hazard.
HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electoron Tube Center
314-5, Shimokanzo, Toyooka-village, Iwata-gun, Shizuoka-ken, 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205
U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P. O. Box 6910, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218
Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658
France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 8, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10
United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limted: Lough Point, 2 Gladbeck Way, Windmill Hill, Enfield, Middlesex EN2 7JA, United Kingdom, Telephone: (44)181-367-3560, Fax: (44)181-367-6384
North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Färögatan 7, S-164-40 Kista Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-703-29-50, Fax: (46)8-750-58-95
Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Via Della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)2-935 81 733, Fax: (39)2-935 81 741
TPMS1045E01
JUN. 1998