PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE R2949 (Low Dark Counts Type of R928) Modified R928, 8 mm × 6 mm Photocathode Size Low Dark Counts, Extended Red Multialkali, High Sensitivity For Photon Counting Applications The R2949 is a 28mm (1-1/8 inch) diameter, 9-stage, side-on type photomultiplier tube having the same extended red multialkali photocathode as the R928. The R2949 features very low dark counts, extremely high quantum efficiency, high gain, good S/N ratio and wide spectral response from UV to near infrared. The R2949 is well suited for use in various low-level photometries such as general single photon counting applications and fluorescence life time measurement. The R2949 is directly interchangeable with the R928. FEATURES ●Low Dark Counts ....................................... 300 s-1 (at 25 °C) ●Low Dark Current ......... 2 nA (after 30 min storage in darkness) ●Wide Spectral Response ......................... 185 nm to 900 nm ●High Cathode Sensitivity Luminous .......................................................... 200 µA/lm Radiant at 400 nm .............................................. 68 mA/W ●High Anode Sensitivity (at 1000 V) Luminous .......................................................... 2000 A/lm Radiant at 400 nm ....................................... 6.8 × 105 A/W ●Low Drift and Hysteresis Figure 1: Typical Spectral Response 100 TPMSB0155EB GENERAL Parameter Description/Value 185 to 900 Spectral Response 400 Wavelength of Maximum Response MateriaI Multialkali Photocathode Minimum Effective Area 8×6 UV glass Window Material Multialkali Secondary Emitting Surface Circular-cage Structure Dynode 9 Number of Stages 4 Direct Interelectrode Anode to Last Dynode 6 Anode to All Other Electrodes Capacitances Base 11-pin base JEDEC No. B11-88 Weight Approx. 45 Operating Ambient Temperature -30 to +50 Storage Temperature -30 to +50 SuitabIe Socket E678–11A (Sold Separately) SuitabIe Socket Assembly E717–63 (Sold Separately) Unit nm nm — mm — — — — pF pF — g °C °C — — CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W) QUANTUM EFFICIENCY (%) SPECIFICATIONS 10 QUANTUM EFFICIENCY CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY 1 0.1 0.01 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 WAVELENGTH (nm) Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office. Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. ©2006 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES R2949 MAXIMUM RATINGS (Absolute Maximum Values) Parameter Between Anode and Cathode Supply Voltage Between Anode and Last Dynode Average Anode Current A Value 1250 250 0.1 Unit V V mA CHARACTERISTlCS (at 25 °C) Parameter Quantum Efficiency at 255 nm Luminous B at 194 nm at 254 nm at 400 nm Radiant at 633 nm at 852 nm Red/White Ratio C Blue Sensitivity Index D Luminous E at 194 nm at 254 nm Radiant at 400 nm at 633 nm at 852 nm Cathode Sensitivity Anode Sensitivity Min. — 140 — — — — — 0.1 — 1000 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Gain E at +25 °C at -20 °C Anode Dark Current F (After 30 min Storage in Darkness) ENI (Equivalent Noise Input) G Anode Pulse Rise Time H Time Response E Electron Transit Time J Light Hysteresis Anode Current Stability K Voltage Hysteresis Anode Dark Count F Max. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 500 — 25 — — — — — Typ. 25.3 200 18 52 68 41 3.5 0.3 7.5 2000 1.8 × 105 5.2 × 105 6.8 × 105 4.1 × 105 3.5 × 104 1.0 × 107 300 3 2 1.2 × 10-16 2.2 22 0.1 1.0 Unit % µA/lm mA/W mA/W mA/W mA/W mA/W — — A/lm A/W A/W A/W A/W A/W — s-1 s-1 nA W ns ns % % NOTES Table 1:Voltage Distribution Ratio Electrode Distribution Ratio K Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy4 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9 1 1 1 1 1 SuppIy Voltage: 1000 V, K: Cathode, 1 1 1 Dy: Dynode, 1 P 1 P: Anode F: Measured with the same supply voltage and voltage distribution ratio as Note E after 30 minute storage in darkness. G:ENI is an indication of the photon-limited signal-to-noise ratio. It refers to the amount of light in watts to produce a signal-to-noise ratio of unity in the output of a photomultiplier tube. ENI = 2q.ldb.G.∆f S where q = Electronic charge (1.60 × 10-19 coulomb). ldb = Anode dark current (after 30 minute storage) in amperes. G = Gain. ∆f = Bandwidth of the system in hertz. 1 hertz is used. S = Anode radiant sensitivity in amperes per watt at the wavelength of peak response. H: The rise time is the time for the output pulse to rise from 10 % to 90 % of the peak amplitude when the entire photocathode is illuminated by a delta function light pulse. J: The electron transit time is the interval between the arrival of delta function light pulse at the entrance window of the tube and the time when the anode output reaches the peak amplitude. In measurement, the whole photocathode is illuminated. K: Hysteresis is temporary instability in anode current after light and voltage are applied. ANODE CURRENT A: Averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maximum. B: The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of 2856K. Supply voltage is 100 V between the cathode and all other electrodes connected together as anode. C: Red/White ratio is the quotient of the cathode current measured using a red filter (Toshiba R-68) interposed between the light source and the tube by the cathode current measured with the filter removed under the same conditions as Note B. D: The value is cathode output current when a blue filter (Corning CS 5-58 polished to 1/2 stock thickness) is interposed between the light source and the tube under the same condition as Note B. E: Measured with the same light source as Note B and with the anode-tocathode supply voltage and voltage distribution ratio shown in Table 1. l max. li l min. TIME 0 5 6 7 (minutes) TPMSB0002EA Hysteresis = lmax. lmin. li × 100 (%) (1)Light Hysteresis The tube is operated at 750 V with an anode current of 1 µA for 5 minutes. The light is then removed from the tube for a minute. The tube is then re-illuminated by the previous light level for a minute to measure the variation. Figure 2: Anode Luminous Sensitivity and Gain Characteristics 104 TPMSB0156EB (2)Voltage Hysteresis The tube is operated at 300 V with an anode current of 0.1 µA for 5 minutes. The light is then removed from the tube and the supply voltage is quickly increased to 800 V. After a minute, the supply voltage is then reduced to the previous value and the tube is re-illuminated for a minute to measure the variation. Figure 3: Typical Time Response 108 100 TPMSB0157EC E S 60 107 102 101 40 Y IT D V AN TI N NSI A I L A E CA LG ES PI CA OD I TY P N TY M A U M NI MI D NO TRANSIT TIME 106 105 20 TIME (ns) S EN I IV IT 103 GAIN ANODE LUMINOUS SENSITIVITY (A/lm) 80 TY 10 8 6 100 104 4 10-1 RISE TIM E 103 10-2 500 700 2 102 1500 1000 1 500 700 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 1000 1500 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Figure 4: Typical Temperature Coefficient of Anode Sensitivity Figure 5: Typical Temperature Characteristic of Dark Counts TPMSB0158EB 160 10000 TPMSB0159EB 800nm 140 600nm 1000 DARK COUNTS (s-1) ANODE SENSITIVITY (%) 120 400nm 100 80 60 100 10 40 20 0 -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 TEMPERATURE (°C) +40 +50 0 -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 TEMPERATURE (°C) +30 +40 PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES R2949 Figure 6: Single Photon Pulse Height Distribution 29.0 ± 1.7 TPMSB0160EA 8 MIN. AMBIENT TEMP. : 25 °C SUPPLY VOLTAGE* : 730 V WAVELENGTH OF INCIDENT LIGHT : 800 nm DARK COUNTS : 300 s-1 PHOTOCATHODE 7 MIN. DY5 80 MAX. 49 ± 1 5.0 × 103 DY6 6 7 DY7 8 DY8 DY3 3 DY2 9 DY9 2 10 P 1 11 K DY1 DIRECTION OF LIGHT SIGNAL + DARK 2.5 × 103 5 DY4 4 94 MAX. 7.5 × 103 6 MIN. COUNTS PER CHANNEL (s-1) 104 Figure 7: Dimensional Outline and Basing Diagram (Unit: mm) Bottom View (Basing Diagram) DARK 0 0 512 32.2 ± 0.5 DISCRIMINATION LEVEL PULSE HEIGHT (Channel) INSULATION COVER 11 PIN BASE JEDEC No. B11-88 * The supply voltage is set at gain to be 1 × 106 Figure 7: Accessories (Unit: mm) TPMSA0016EA Sold Separately Socket E678-11A D Type Socket Assembly E717-63 49 5 3.5 PMT SOCKET PIN No. 10 P 3.5 33 33.0 ± 0.3 38 38.0 ± 0.3 5 49.0 ± 0.3 9 DY8 8 DY7 7 DY6 6 DY5 5 DY4 4 DY3 3 DY2 2 DY1 K 1 R9 C2 R8 C1 4 R1 to R10 : 330 kΩ C1 to C3 : 10 nF R5 0.7 30.0 +0 -1 450 ± 10 C3 R6 4 18 TACCA0064EA R10 R7 29.0 ± 0.3 29 DY9 SIGNAL GND SIGNAL OUTPUT RG-174/U(BLACK) POWER SUPPLY GND AWG22 (BLACK) 31.0 ± 0.5 R4 HOUSING (INSULATOR) POTTING COMPOUND R3 R2 R1 11 -HV AWG22 (VIOLET) * Hamamatsu also provides C4900 series compact high voltage power supplies and C6270 series DP type socket assemblies which incorporate a DC to DC converter type high voltage power supply. TACCA0002EH Warning–Personal Safety Hazards Electrical Shock–Operating voltages applied to this device present a shock hazard. WEB SITE www.hamamatsu.com HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electron Tube Division 314-5, Shimokanzo, Iwata City, Shizuoka Pref., 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205 U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P. O. Box 6910, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218 E-mail: [email protected] Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658 E-mail: [email protected] France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 19, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10 E-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: 44-(0)1707-294888, Fax: 44(0)1707-325777 E-mail: [email protected] North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Smidesvägen 12, SE-171-41 SOLNA, Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-509-031-00, Fax: (46)8-509-031-01 E-mail: [email protected] Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)02-935 81 733, Fax: (39)02-935 81 741 E-mail: [email protected] TPMS1045E02 JUL. 2006. 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