Data Sheet, Rev. 1.1, July 2009 TLE 8444SL Quad Half-Bridge Driver IC Automotive Power TLE 8444SL Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 3.1 3.2 Pin Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Pin Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Pin Definitions and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 General Product Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Functional Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Thermal Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.1.1 5.4.1.2 5.5 5.5.1 Block Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sleep Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reverse Polarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Input / Output Stages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monitoring Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Supply Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temperature Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power-Outputs 1-4 (Half Bridge Outputs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Protection and Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short Circuit of Output to Ground or Vs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Open Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Output Switching Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application Note for Bipolar Stepper Motor Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Package Outlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 7 Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Data Sheet 2 12 12 12 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 19 19 23 24 28 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 Quad Half-Bridge Driver IC 1 TLE 8444SL Overview Features • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4 Half-Bridge Power Outputs (1.3Ω RDS(ON)MAX @ Tj=150°C) Minimum Overcurrent Shutdown at 0.9A Simple parallel interface control of Half-Bridge Outputs Inverted and Non-inverted Inputs to minimize number of microcontroller connections Very low current consumption in sleep mode (max. 5µA) Error Flag Diagnosis Open Load Diagnosis in ON-state for all outputs Outputs protected against overcurrent Over temperature protection with hysteresis Over and Under voltage lockout 3.3V / 5V compatible inputs with hysteresis No crossover current Internal freewheeling diodes Thermally enhanced package (fused leads) Green Product (RoHS compliant) AEC Qualified PG-SSOP-24-7 Description The TLE 8444SL is a protected Quad-Half-Bridge-IC targeted towards automotive and industrial motion control applications. It is a monolithic die based on Infineon’s smart mixed technology SPT which combines bipolar and CMOS control circuitry with DMOS power devices. DC-Motors can be driven in forward (cw), reverse (ccw), brake and high impedance modes where as StepperMotors can be driven in No-Current, negative / positive output current modes. These various modes can easily be achieved via standard parallel interface of the device to a microcontroller. The PG-SSOP-24-7 package is advantageous as it saves PCB-board space and costs. The integrated short circuit and over-temperature protection as well as it’s built-in diagnosis features such as over- and under voltage-lockout and open load detection improves system reliability and performance. Target Applications: • • • Unipolar or Bipolar Loads Stepper Motors (e.g. Idle Speed Control) DC brush Motors Type Package Marking TLE 8444SL PG-SSOP-24-7 TLE8444SL Data Sheet 3 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Diagram 2 Block Diagram VS TLE8444 IN1 Vs monitor Internal Supply under/overvoltage detection Function Logic OUT1+2 IN2 Protected Driver Stage OUT1+2 OUT1 OUT2 Inhibit INH EF1 Charge Pump Error Flag Generation EF2 OUT3 Protected Driver Stage OUT3+4 Function Logic OUT3+4 IN3 IN4 OUT4 GND Figure 1 Data Sheet Block Diagram 4 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Diagram VS IS VS VDSHSx VFU INH VINH, VINHH, VINHL VEFx, VEFLx IINHH IEFLKx IINx TLE8444 EFx OUTx IOUTx INx VDSLSx VFL GND VINx, VINHx, VINLx Figure 2 Data Sheet IGND Terms 5 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Pin Configuration 3 Pin Configuration 3.1 Pin Assignment GND GND OUT 1 VS EF1 IN1 IN2 EF2 VS OUT 2 GND GND 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Figure 3 Pin Configuration 3.2 Pin Definitions and Functions Pin Symbol 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 n.c. OUT3 VS n.c. GND IN3 IN4 INH n.c. VS OUT 4 n.c. Function 1, 2, 11, GND 12, 20 Ground; Signal ground; All GND pins must be externally connected together to the common GND potential 3 Power Output of Half-bridge 1 Short circuit protected; with integrated free-wheeling diodes OUT1 4, 9, 15, VS 22 Power Supply Voltage; All VS pins must be externally connected together to the Battery Voltage with Reverse protection Diode, buffer capacitance and Filter against EMC. See Application Diagram, Figure 18 and Figure 19 for more information 5 EF1 Error Flag 1 (Diagnosis Output) Open drain by default; Low = error 6 IN1 Input Channel of Half-bridge 1 Controls OUT1, Non-inverting Intput with internal Pull Down 7 IN2 Input Channel of Half-bridge 2 Controls OUT2, Inverting Input with internal Pull Up 8 EF2 Error Flag 2 (Diagnosis Output) Open drain by default; Low = error 10 OUT2 Power Output of Half-bridge 2 Short circuit protected; with integrated free-wheeling diodes 13, 16, 21, 24 N.C. Not Connected Data Sheet 6 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Pin Configuration Pin Symbol Function 14 OUT4 Power Output of Half-bridge 4 Short circuit protected; with integrated free-wheeling diodes 17 INH Inhibit Input Low = Device in sleep mode 18 IN4 Input Channel of Half-bridge 4 Controls OUT4, Inverting Input with internal Pull Up 19 IN3 Input Channel of Half-bridge 3 Controls OUT3, Non-inverting Intput with internal Pull Down 23 OUT3 Power Output of Half-bridge 3 Short-circuit protected; with integrated free-wheeling diodes Data Sheet 7 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL General Product Characteristics 4 General Product Characteristics 4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Absolute Maximum Ratings 1) Tj = -40 °C to +150 °C; all voltages with respect to ground, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Pos. Parameter Symbol Limit Values Unit Conditions Min. Max. VS VIN(1-4) VINH VEF(1+2) -0.3 40 V – -0.3 5.5 V 0 V < VS < 40 V -0.3 5.5 V 0 V < VS < 40 V IOUT(1-4) IEF(1-2) -1 1 A – -2 5 mA – Tj Tstg -40 150 °C – -50 150 °C – Voltages 4.1.1 Supply voltage 4.1.2 Logic input voltages (IN1; IN2; IN3; IN4; INH) 4.1.3 Logic output voltage (EF1; EF2) Currents 4.1.4 Output current (diode) 4.1.5 Output current (EF1; EF2) Temperatures 4.1.6 Junction temperature 4.1.7 Storage temperature ESD Susceptibility 4.1.8 ESD capability of OUT and VS pin vers. VESD GND -2 2 kV 2) 4.1.9 ESD capability of logic pins vers. GND VESD -2 2 kV 2) 1) Not subject to production test, specified by design. 2) Human Body Model according to ANSI EOS\ESD S5.1 standard (eqv. to MIL STD 883D and JEDEC JESD22-A114) Note: Stresses above the ones listed here may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Note: Integrated protection functions are designed to prevent IC destruction under fault conditions described in the data sheet. Fault conditions are considered as “outside” normal operating range. Protection functions are not designed for continuous repetitive operation. Data Sheet 8 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL General Product Characteristics 4.2 Pos. Functional Range Parameter Symbol VS(nor) 4.2.1 Supply Voltage Range for Normal Operation 4.2.2 Extended Supply Voltage Range VS(ext) for Operation Limit Values Unit Conditions Min. Max. 8 18 V – VUV OFF VOV OFF V Limit values, deviations possible; After VS rising above VUV ON 4.2.3 Supply voltage increasing 4.2.4 Supply voltage decreasing 4.2.5 Logic input voltages (IN1; IN2; IN3; IN4; INH) 4.2.6 Junction temperature VS VS VIN(1-4) VINH Tj V Outputs are open -0.3 VUV ON VUV OFF V Outputs are open -0.3 5.5 V – -40 150 °C – -0.3 Note: Within the functional range the IC operates as described in the circuit description. The electrical characteristics are specified within the conditions given in the related electrical characteristics table. 4.3 Thermal Resistance Note: This thermal data was generated in accordance with JEDEC JESD51 standards. For more information, go to www.jedec.org. Pos. Parameter Symbol 1) 4.3.1 Junction to Soldering Point 4.3.2 Junction to Ambient1) RthJSP RthJA Limit Values Unit Conditions Min. Typ. Max. – – 26 K/W pin 1, 2, 11, 122) – 60 – K/W 3) 1) Not subject to production test, specified by design 2) Specified RthJS value is simulated at natural convection on a cold plate setup (all pins are fixed to ambient temperature). Ta=25°C, LS1+HS2+LS3+HS4 are dissipating 1W (0.25W each). 3) Specified RthJA value is according to Jedec JESD51-2,-7 at natural convection on FR4 2s2p board; The Product (Chip+Package) was simulated on a 76.2 x 114.3 x 1.5 mm board with 2 inner copper layers (2 x 70µm Cu, 2 x 35µm Cu). Ta=25°C, LS1+HS2+LS3+HS4 are dissipating 1W (0.25W each). Data Sheet 9 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL General Product Characteristics 4.4 Electrical Characteristics 4.4.3 Electrical Characteristics VS= 8 V to 18 V, Tj = -40 °C to +150 °C, INH = HIGH; IOUT1-4 = 0 A; all voltages with respect to ground, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Pos. Parameter Symbol Limit Values Unit Conditions Min. Typ. Max. IS – 1 5 µA VS = 13.5 V; Tj < 85°C IS – 5 10 mA IN1+3=L, IN2+4=H VUV ON VUV OFF VUV HY VOV OFF VOV ON VOV HY 4.2 – 5 V 4 – 4.8 V 0.05 0.26 0.7 V 21 – 25 V 20 – 24 V – 1 – V VS increasing, see Figure 6 VS decreasing, see Figure 6 VUV ON - VUV OFF, see Figure 7 VS increasing, see Figure 6 VS decreasing, see Figure 6 VOV OFF - VOV ON, see Figure 7 RDSON – 0.6 0.8 Ω IOUT = ±0.8 A; Tj = 25 °C – 1.0 1.3 Ω IOUT = ±0.8 A; Tj = 150 °C HS+LS each Channel, see Figure 13 Current Consumption, INH = GND 4.4.1 Quiescent current Current Consumption, INH = HIGH 4.4.2 Supply current Over- and Under Voltage Lockout 4.4.3 UV Switch ON voltage 4.4.4 UV Switch OFF voltage 4.4.5 UV ON/OFF hysteresis 4.4.6 OV Switch OFF voltage 4.4.7 OV Switch ON voltage 4.4.8 OV ON/OFF hysteresis Static Drain-source ON-Resistance 4.4.9 High- and low-side switch Output Protection and Diagnosis 4.4.10 Short Circuit Current1) ISC(1-4) 1.8 2.4 3.2 A 4.4.11 Overcurrent Shutdown Threshold ISD(1-4) 0.9 1.2 1.6 A 4.4.12 Shutdown Delay Time 10 25 50 µs 4.4.13 Open Load Detection Current tdSD(1-4) IOLD(1-4) 6 12 20 mA 4.4.14 Open Load Delay Time each LS Channel, see Figure 15 tdOLD(1-4) 200 350 600 µs tdONH tONH tdOFFH tOFFH tdONL tONL tdOFFL tOFFL tDB 7 10 14 µs 2 6 9 µs 1 2 4 µs 0.2 1 2 µs 2 5 8 µs 0.5 1 3 µs 1 2 5 µs 0.5 1 2 µs 0.1 2 – µs tdONH - tONH - tdOFFL or tdONL - tONL - tdOFFH – 1 1.5 V IF = 0.4 A, INH = LOW Output Switching Times 4.4.15 high-side ON delay-time 4.4.16 high-side switch ON time 4.4.17 high-side OFFdelay-time 4.4.18 high-side switch OFF time 4.4.19 low-side ON delay-time 4.4.20 low-side switch ON time 4.4.21 low-side OFF delay-time 4.4.22 low-side switch OFF time 4.4.23 dead-time VS=13.5V, resistive Load =100Ω, see Figure 16 and Figure 17 Outputs OUT(1-4), Freewheeling Diodes 4.4.24 Forward voltage; upper Data Sheet VFU 10 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL General Product Characteristics Electrical Characteristics (cont’d) VS= 8 V to 18 V, Tj = -40 °C to +150 °C, INH = HIGH; IOUT1-4 = 0 A; all voltages with respect to ground, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Pos. 4.4.25 Parameter Forward voltage; lower Symbol VFL Limit Values Unit Conditions Min. Typ. Max. – 0.9 1.4 V IF = 0.4 A, INH = LOW Input Interface, Logic Inputs IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4 4.4.26 High-input voltage IN1, IN3 VINH(1+3) 2 – – V – 4.4.27 VINL(1+3) High-input voltage IN2, IN4 VINH(2+4) Lowh-input voltage IN2, IN4 VINL(2+4) Hysteresis of input voltage VINHY Pull down current IIN(1+3) Pull up current IIN(2+4) – – 0.8 V – 2 – – V – – – 0.8 V – 0.1 0.3 – V – 10 25 50 µA 10 25 50 µA VIN(1+3) = 2 V VIN(2+4) = 0.8V 2 – – V – – – 0.8 V – – 0.25 – V – 10 25 50 µA VINH = 2 V – – 100 µs – – 100 µs VS=13.5V, resistive Load=100Ω, see Figure 4 - – 40 µs INH = LOW until Sleep mode is reached 0.2 0.4 V – 10 µA IEF(1+2) = 2 mA 0 V < VEF(1+2) < 5.5 V 5 10 µs – 4.4.28 4.4.29 4.4.30 4.4.31 4.4.32 Low-input voltage IN1, IN3 Input Interface, Logic Inputs INH 4.4.36 Pull down current 4.4.37 Disable Delay Time 4.4.38 Enable Delay Time VINHH VINHL VINHHY IINH tddis tden 4.4.39 Time delay to Sleep Mode tSLEEP 4.4.33 High-input voltage 4.4.34 Low-input voltage 4.4.35 Hysteresis of input voltage Input Interface, Error-Flags EF(1+2) 4.4.40 Low-output voltage level 4.4.41 Leakage current 4.4.42 Error delay time VEFL(1+2) – IEFLK(1+2) – tdEF – Thermal Shutdown 4.4.43 Thermal shutdown junction TjSD temperature 1) 150 175 200 °C – 4.4.44 Thermal switch-on junction temperature 1) TjSO 125 – 175 °C – 1) Not subject to production test, specified by design Data Sheet 11 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description 5 Block Description 5.1 Power Supply 5.1.1 General The TLE 8444SL has one power supply input VS which is connected to the automotive 12V board-net. All power drivers are connected to this supply voltage VS. The logic supply voltage for the integrated driver stages and logic block is generated by an internal bandgap reference circuit derived from the 12V board-net. To block the supply voltage of the device, a 47µF electrolytic capacitance is recommended. For EMC improvements a 100nF ceramic capacitance can be added and should be placed as close as possible to the VS-Pin of the device. See Application Diagrams, Figure 18 and Figure 19 for more information. 5.1.2 Sleep Mode The TLE 8444SL can be placed in low current-consumption mode (or sleep mode) by setting the input, INH pin to LOW. The INH pin has an internal pull-down current source. In sleep-mode, all output transistors are switched off. An output disable and enable time is specified and this behavior is shown in Figure 4 below. V High INH 50% 50% Low t A ON 90% IOUTx OFF Figure 4 Data Sheet 10% tden tddis t Enable and Disable Delay Time 12 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description 5.1.3 Reverse Polarity The TLE 8444SL requires an external reverse polarity protection. This protection is essential to avoid an undesired reverse current (IRB) to flow from ground potential to battery causing excessive power dissipation across the diodes in the event of reverse polarity. Hence a reverse polarity protection diode is recommended (Figure 5). GND a) b) VS DRP C S2 HSx CS D ZS HSx OUTx OUTx LSx LSx TLE8444 TLE8444 I RB VS Figure 5 Data Sheet GND Reverse Polarity Protection 13 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description 5.2 Input / Output Stages Input Circuit The control inputs consist of TTL/CMOS-compatible schmitt-triggers with hysteresis. Inputs IN1 and IN3 have internal pull down circuits whereas IN2 and IN4 have internal pull up circuits. If no signal is applied to the inputs and INH=HIGH, then the drivers will by default be placed in Brake LL mode. In sleep mode, the outputs are switched OFF (tristate or HIgh-Z). For optimized bipolar stepper motor control applications, the IN2 and IN4 inputs have internal inverting structures. This concept allows IN1+IN2 and IN3+IN4 to be tied together, which ultimately reduces µC output pins and provides a ‘2-phase’ type of control to the device (refer to Figure 19 and Figure 21). Output stages The output stages consist of a total of 4 DMOS Half-bridges. Integrated circuits protect the outputs against overcurrent and overtemperature. Positive and negative voltage spikes, which occur during switching of inductive loads, are supressed through integrated free-wheeling diodes. The Truth Table below shows the output behavior of OUT1 and OUT2 for DC-motor applications. The same table is also applied to OUT 3 and OUT4. Table 1 Functional Truth Table of Half-bridge 1 and 2 for DC-Motor Application INH IN1 IN2 OUT1 OUT2 Mode 0 1 X open X open |Z| L |Z| L Sleep Mode (Low current consumption mode) Brake LL (both low side transistors turned-ON) 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 L L H H H L H L DC-Motor turns counterclockwise (CCW) Brake LL (both low side transistors turned-ON) Brake HH (both high side transistors turned-ON) DC-Motor turns clockwise (CW) Note: Half-Bridges 1 and 2 form a full bridge The Truth Table below shows the output behavior of OUT1 and OUT2 for bipolar Stepper-motor applications. The same table is also applied to OUT 3 and OUT4. Table 2 Functional Truth Table of Half-bridge 1 and 2 for Bipolar Stepper Motor Application INH IN1 IN2 OUT1 OUT2 Mode 0 1 X open X open |Z| L |Z| L Sleep Mode (Low current consumption mode) no current (both low side transistors turned-ON) 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 L L H H H L H L negative phase current no current (both low side transistors turned-ON) no current (both high side transistors turned-ON) positive phase current Note: Half-Bridges 1 and 2 form a full bridge Data Sheet 14 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description IN1, IN3 OUT1, OUT3 0 = Logic LOW Low side transistor is turned-ON High side transistor is turned-OFF 1 = Logic HIGH High side transistor is turned-ON Low side transistor is turned-OFF IN2, IN4 OUT2, OUT4 0 = Logic LOW High side transistor is turned-ON Low side transistor is turned-OFF 1 = Logic HIGH Low side transistor is turned-ON High side transistor is turned-OFF X = don’t care X = don’t care |Z| = High- and Lowside transistor are turned-OFF (Output in Tristate, High Z) Data Sheet 15 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description 5.3 Monitoring Functions 5.3.1 Diagnostics The EF1 and EF2 pins are open drain outputs and must be externally connected via pull-up resistors to 5V. In normal conditions, the EF1 and EF2 signals are by default high. In case of an error, EF1 and EF2 pins are pulled low. There are 3 different error conditions that could flag a fault condition: 5.3.1.1 Overcurrent Output shorted to Ground: If an output transistor is turned on and the current rises above the shutdown threshold ISD for longer than the shutdown delay time td_SD, the output transistor is turned off and the corresponding diagnosis bit is set. Within this delay time, the current is limited to ISC as shown in Figure 9. Changing the INHIBIT input resets the error flag. Also a power down event will reset the Error Flag. a) Output short to VS: same behavior as short to GND. b) Short across the load: same behavior as short to GND. 5.3.1.2 Open load If the current through the low side transistor is lower than the reference current IOLD in ON-state for longer than the open-load detection delay time td_OLD, the open-load error flag is set. The output will remain ON. Once the output current increases and Iload > IOLD, the Error Flag will be reset automatically after the td_OLD filter time (Figure 15). 5.3.1.3 Over voltage / over temperature a) Over voltage: For voltages below the undervoltage switch OFF threshold (VUVOFF) and above the overvoltage switch OFF threshold (VOVOFF), the output stages will be switched OFF. The Error Flag however only signals the overvoltage switch OFF case (Figure 6). A switching hysteresis is implemented at both thresholds to allow an autorecovery mode if the supply voltage is back within the operational range. b) Over Temperature: At a junction temperature higher than the thermal shutdown temperature TjSD (typ. 175°C) the device enters thermal shutdown which turns-Off all four output stages simultaneously and the corresponding Error Flags are set with a delay. After cooling down to the thermal switch-on junction temp TjSO the device will auto restart. A thermal toggle behavior can be observed (the Error Flags and output stages will be modulated by the thermal time constants; Figure 8). The Table below shows the behavior of the Error Flags: Table 3 Diagnosis EF1 EF2 Interpretation of Error Error Flag behavior Output status 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 no error overcurrent open load over voltage / over temperature latch auto recovery auto recovery Data Sheet 16 Priority normal operation latched switch OFF normal operation auto recovery 2 3 1 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description 5.3.2 Power Supply Monitoring The power supply Voltage VS is monitored for over- and under voltage (refer to block diagram: Figure 1). Figure 6 shows the error flag signalling during an undervoltage and overvoltage situation where as Figure 7 shows the hysteresis concept implemented during undervoltage and overvoltage. Under Voltage If the supply voltage VS drops below the switch off voltage VUVOFF, all output transistors are switched off but the the Error Flags remain high (no error). If VS rises again and reaches the switch on voltage VUVON, the power stages are restarted. Over Voltage If the supply voltage VS rises above the switch off voltage VOVOFF, all output transistors are switched off and the Error Flags are set. The error is not latched, i.e. if VS falls again and reaches the switch on voltage VOVON, the power stages are restarted and the Error Flags are reset. VS VOVHY VOVOFF VOVON VUVHY VUVON VUVOFF t VOUTx ON t High Z Error Status undervoltage without error signalling EF1 overvoltage with error signalling t d_EF td_EF td_EF td_EF H L t EF2 H L Figure 6 Data Sheet t Error Flag behavior for the Over- and Undervoltge case 17 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description VOUT H VUVHY VUVHY L VS VUVOFF VUVON VUVOFF (min) (min) Figure 7 Undervoltage Hysteresis 5.3.3 Temperature Monitoring (max) VUVON (max) Temperature sensors are integrated in the power stages. Each half bridge (HS+LS) is equipped with one temperature sensor. The temperature monitoring circuit compares the measured temperature to the shutdown thresholds. If one or more temperature sensors reach the shutdown temperature TjSD, the overtemperature Error Flag is set to LOW. This Error Flag is not latched (i.e. if the temperature falls below the switch on threshold TjSO, the Error Flag is automatically reset to HIGH again). This is shown in Figure 8 below. Tj ∆Τ T jSD T jSO t VOUTx ON High Z Error Status EF1 t no error overtemperature error td_EF td_EF t d_EF td_EF H L EF2 t H L Figure 8 Data Sheet t Overtemperature signalling 18 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description 5.4 Power-Outputs 1-4 (Half Bridge Outputs) 5.4.1 Protection and Diagnosis The device provides embedded protective functions. Integrated protection functions are designed to prevent IC destruction under fault conditions described in this target datasheet. Fault conditions are considered as “outside” normal operating range. Protection functions are not designed for continuous repetitive operation. 5.4.1.1 Short Circuit of Output to Ground or Vs The low-side switches are protected against short circuit to supply and the high-side switches against short to GND. If a switch is turned on and the current rises above the shutdown threshold ISD for longer than the shutdown delay time tdSD, the output transistor is turned off and the corresponding Error Flag is set. Within the delay time, the current is limited to ISC as shown in Figure 9. ISC OUTx short to Vs short to GND ISD IOUT tdSD t Figure 9 Short circuit protection The delay time is optimized to limit the power that is dissipated in the device during a short circuit event. This scheme allows high peak-currents as required in motor-applications during normal operations. The output stage stays off and the corresponding diagnostics output information is set until INHIBIT toggles to low and high again or a power-on reset is performed. (refer to Figure 13) Data Sheet 19 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description Internal Supply OUT Delay Control Input MOC Lowside Power Transistor MOL LS-Dirver td EF2 GND Current Limit Rsense Rsense overcurrent Gate Status + - openload VOC Delay GND EF1 td Error Flag Generation Delay + - td VOL GND Power GND Figure 10 Simplified Schematic for Short circuit protection and Open Load detection in LS-switch V CHP VS Rsense HS-Driver 1 overcurrent MOC Control Input Highside Power Transistor HS-Dirver 2 Current Limit OUT Gate Status EF2 + - V OC Delay Error Flag Generation td GND Figure 11 Data Sheet Simplified Schematic for short circuit protection in HS-switch 20 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description V REF V REF Shut down all output stages RF-Blanking + - H = OT tRR Temp Sensor GND GND Thermal Shut Down +VS OR6 + H = OV UV >1 tRR - V REF EF2 Shut down all output stages RF-Blanking Level-Shift RF-Blanking + GND tRR ERROR-FF Vsupply-Supervision R POR OR 1 OC_HS1 OC_HS2 OC_HS3 OC_HS4 & Q Delay >1 OR2 OC_LS1 OC_LS2 OC_LS3 OC_LS4 GND Shut down all output stages H = UV >1 OC_HSD td OR3 >1 OCD S Delay & Q OC_LSD td Overcurrent-Interface EF1 OR4 Delay OL1 OL2 OL3 OL4 OR5 >1 >1 OLD Level-Shift td GND Openload-Interface Figure 12 Data Sheet Error-Interface Simplified Schematic of the TLE8444 Error Flag Generation Concept 21 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description Short Circuit Diagnosis If a short circuit of a halfbridge output to GND is present, the device will behave like displayed in Figure 13 below. INH active mode active mode t sleep mode INx IOUTx ISC ISD tSLEEP t td_SD td_en td_SD t EF2 t EF1 t Figure 13 Data Sheet Overcurrent signalling 22 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description 5.4.1.2 Open Load Open-load detection in ON-state is implemented in the low-side transistors of the bridge outputs. If the current through the low side transistor is lower than the reference current IOLD in ON-state for longer than the open-load detection delay time td_OLD, the open-load error flag is set. The output transistor, however, remains ON. The open load Error Flag has an autorecovery behavior. Example of open load detection is shown below in Figure 14, Figure 15. HS1 OUT 1 LS1 M HS2 Open Load OUT 2 LS2 Figure 14 Open Load example IN1 t IN2 t IOUT12 IOLD EF1 td_OLD td_OLD td_OLD t t EF2 t VOUT1 t VOUT2 t Figure 15 Data Sheet Open Load signalling 23 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description 5.5 Output Switching Capability Dead Time to prevent Cross Currents In bridge configurations the high-side and low-side power transistors are ensured never to be simultaneously “ON” to avoid cross currents. This is usually assured by the integration of delays in the driver stage for the power outputs, generating a so-called dead-time between switching off one Power Transistors while switching on the other Power Transistor of the same half-bridge. To ensure that there is no overlap of the switching slopes that would lead to a cross current, a dead-time tdb is specified. Refer to Figure 16 and the test circuit in Figure 17. V INx H 50% 50% L t IOUTx tdonH tdoffH tonH + Vs 100Ω toffH 90% 90% tdb no current - tdb 10% 10% 90% 90% Vs 100Ω t offL tonL tdoffL Figure 16 Data Sheet t 10% 10% tdonL Switching Time Definitions 24 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description VS INH=High 100Ω HSx IOUTx A INx OUTx LSx 100Ω TLE8444 GND Figure 17 Data Sheet Switching Time Characterization Circuit 25 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description CD R WA 100 nF D Watchdog In 8 Watchdog Out 1 Reset Out 14 Q 9 6 3-5,10-12 7 13 VReg TLE4678 G 2 VBAT 100kΩ Reset Adjust GND DRP Watchdog Adjust Input CI 100nF CQ 22µF R EF2 WDO WDI R REF1 CS2 VCC 100 nF CS D ZS 47µF VS EF1 EF2 ( pin 4,9,15,22) OUT1 M1 M1 INH µC XC866 IN 1 IN 2 IN 3 IN 4 TLE8444 OUT2 M2 M1 OUT3 M2 M3 Two Motor separately Three Motor cascaded Single motor, higher current a b c OUT4 GND ( pin 1,2,11,12, 20) Figure 18 Application Circuit for DC brush motor loads Figure 18a, Two Motor separately: e.g. mirror x-y position. The motors can be driven independently or in parallel. Figure 18b, Three Motor cascaded: e.g. HVAC flap control. The DC brush motors are never ON at the same time. The switching of the cascaded motors should happen one after another. Due to this setup, 3 flaps can be driven, by saving one halfbridge. Figure 18c, Single Motor higher current: Applications with DC brush motors which require higher stall and inrush currents. The application PCB layout of input and output traces must be as symmetrical as possible to assure a proper behavior of the device. Note : All VS and GND pins must be externally connected together. CS and CS2 capacitors must be placed as close as possible to the Vs pin for optimized EMC performance. Data Sheet 26 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description CD R WA 100 nF D Watchdog In 8 Watchdog Out 1 Reset Out 14 Q 9 6 3-5,10-12 100kΩ Reset Adjust GND 7 13 VReg TLE4678 G 2 VBAT DRP Watchdog Adjust Input CI 100nF CQ 22µF R EF2 WDO WDI R REF1 CS2 VCC 100 nF VS EF1 EF2 ( pin 4,9,15,22) CS D ZS 47µF OUT1 INH µC XC866 TLE8444 OUT2 IN 1 IN 2 IN 3 IN 4 OUT3 M OUT4 GND ( pin 1,2,11,12, 20) Figure 19 Bipolar Stepper Motor Application Circuit for bipolar stepper motor loads Note : All VS and GND pins must be externally connected together. CS and CS2 capacitors must be placed as close as possible to the Vs pin for optimized EMC performance. Data Sheet 27 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description 5.5.1 Application Note for Bipolar Stepper Motor Control Current Flow In a H-Bridge for stepper motor control To achieve a continuous movement of a bipolar stepper motor rotor, the phase current has to be reversed step by step. The current flow through a fullbridge is displayed in Figure 20 below. Picture a) on the left hand side shows a current flow over HS1 the phase coil of the stepper motor load, the LS2 to GND. The next step reverses the current flow through the phase coil of the motor by switching off HS1 and LS2 and activating HS2 and LS1 instead (Picture b). Vs Vs HS2 HS1 HS2 HS1 Lphase Lphase OUT2 OUT1 OUT1 R phase LS1 a Figure 20 Data Sheet OUT2 R phase LS1 LS2 b GND LS2 GND Reversing the current in fullbridge operation to achieve a stepper motor movement 28 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Block Description Control pattern for bipolar stepper motor applications Bipolar stepper motors applications for linear positioning such as Idle Speed control requires a specific input signal pattern which is displayed in Figure 21. Normally, the output switching frequency is lower (approx. < 2kHz). This depends on the used motorload (L/R ratio). VIN1= VIN2 High Low t IOUT12 +Iload 0 t -Iload VIN3= VIN4 High Low IOUT34 t 90° Phaseshift +Iload 0 t -Iload Figure 21 Data Sheet Bipolar stepper motor control (full step mode) 29 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Package Outlines 6 Package Outlines 0.35 x 45˚ C 0˚...8˚ 0.25 ±0.05 2) B 0.1 B Seating Plane 0˚...8˚ 0.64 ±0.25 6 ±0.2 0.17 M C A B 24x 24 0.19 +0.06 8˚ MAX. 8˚ MAX. 0.65 1.75 MAX. 0.2 -0.1 8˚ MAX. (1.47) 0.2 -0.1 3.9 ±0.11) 0.2 M C 13 1 12 8.65 ±0.11) A Index Marking 1) Does not include plastic or metal protrusion of 0.15 max. per side 2) Does not include dambar protrusion of 0.13 max. 3) JEDEC registration MO-137 variation AE Figure 22 GPS01214 PG-SSOP-24-7 (Plastic/Plastic Green - Dual Small Outline Package) Green Product (RoHS compliant) To meet the world-wide customer requirements for environmentally friendly products and to be compliant with government regulations the device is available as a green product. Green products are RoHS-Compliant (i.e Pb-free finish on leads and suitable for Pb-free soldering according to IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020). You can find all of our packages, sorts of packing and others in our Infineon Internet Page “Products”: http://www.infineon.com/products. Data Sheet 30 Dimensions in mm Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 TLE 8444SL Revision History 7 Revision History 0.40.3 TLE 8444SL Revision History: Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 Version Subjects (major changes since last revision) 1.1 Package Illustration on overview sheet corrected from exposed pad to standard SSOP package 1.0 Final Data Sheet Release Data Sheet 31 Rev. 1.1, 2009-07-07 Edition 2009-07-07 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2009 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Legal Disclaimer The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). Warnings Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered.