TB6537P/F TOSHIBA CMOS Integrated Circuit Silicon Monolithic TB6537P,TB6537F 3-Phase Full-Wave Sensorless Controller for Brushless DC Motors TB6537P/F is a 3-phase full-wave sensorless controller for brushless DC motors. It is capable of controlling voltage by PWM signal input. When combined with various drive circuits it can be used for various types of motors. TB6537P Features · 3-phase full-wave sensorless drive · PWM control (PWM signal is supplied from external sources.) · Turn-on signal output current: 20 mA · Overcurrent protection function · Forward/reverse modes · Lead angle control function (0, 7.5, 15 and 30 degrees) · Built-in lap turn-on function · Two types of PWM output (upper PWM and upper/lower alternate PWM) TB6537F Weight DIP18-P-300-2.54D: 1.47 g (typ.) SSOP24-P-300-1.00: 0.32 g (typ.) 1 2003-02-20 TB6537P/F Block Diagram VDD 10/13 PWM 3/3 SEL_OUT 5/6 SEL_LAP 6/8 CW_CCW 4/4 11/14 OUT_UP PWM Control 13/17 OUT_VP Turn-on Signal Forming Circuit Rotation Instruction Circuit 15/21 OUT_WP 12/15 OUT_UN Timing Control 14/19 OUT_VN 16/22 OUT_WN LA0 1/1 LA1 2/2 Lead Angle Setting Circuit Overcurrent Protection Circuit Clock Generator Circuit Position Detection Circuit 7/10 8/11 9/12 XT XTin GND 2 17/23 OC 18/24 WAVE TB6537P/TB6537F 2003-02-20 TB6537P/F Pin Assignment TB6537P TB6537F LA0 1 18 WAVE LA0 1 24 WAVE LA1 2 17 OC LA1 2 23 OC PWM 3 16 OUT_WN PWM 3 22 OUT_WN CW_CCW 4 15 OUT_WP CW_CCW 4 21 OUT_WP SEL_OUT 5 14 OUT_VN NC 5 20 NC SEL_LAP 6 13 OUT_VP SEL_OUT 6 19 OUT_VN XT 7 12 OUT_UN NC 7 18 NC XTin 8 11 OUT_UP SEL_LAP 8 17 OUT_VP GND 9 10 VDD NC 9 16 NC XT 10 15 OUT_UN XTin 11 14 OUT_UP GND 12 13 VDD 3 2003-02-20 TB6537P/F Pin Description Pin No. Symbol I/O LA0 I Description TB6537P TB6537F Lead angle setting signal input pin 1 2 1 2 LA1 I · LA0 = Low, LA1 = Low: Lead angle 0 degree · LA0 = High, LA1 = Low: Lead angle 7.5 degree · LA0 = Low, LA1 = High: Lead angle 15 degree · LA0 = High, LA1 = High: Lead angle 30 degree · Built-in pull-down resistor PWM signal input pin 3 3 PWM I · Inputs Low-active PWM signal · Built-in pull-up resistor · Disables input of duty-100% (Low) signal High for 250 ns or longer is required. Rotation direction signal input pin 4 ¾ 4 5 CW_CCW NC I ¾ · High: Reverse (U ® W ® V) · Low, Open: Forward (U ® V ® W) · Built-in pull-down resistor Not connected Pin to select the synthesis method of burn-in signal and PWM signal 5 ¾ 6 7 SEL_OUT NC I ¾ · Low: Upper PWM · High: Upper/Lower alternate PWM · Built-in pull-down resistor Not connected Lap turn-on select pin 6 8 SEL_LAP I · Low: Lap turn-on · High: 120 degrees turn-on · Built-in pull-up resistor ¾ 9 NC ¾ Not connected 7 10 XT ¾ Resonator connecting pin 8 11 XTin ¾ 9 12 GND ¾ Connected to GND. 10 13 VDD ¾ Connected to 5-V power supply. 11 14 OUT_UP O · Selects starting commutation frequency. 17 Starting commutation frequency fst = Resonator frequency fxt/(6 ´ 2 ) U-phase upper turn-on signal output pin · U-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching pin · ON: Low, OFF: High U-phase lower turn-on signal output pin 12 15 OUT_UN O ¾ 16 NC ¾ 13 17 OUT_VP O · U-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin · ON: High, OFF: Low Not connected V-phase upper turn-on signal output pin ¾ 18 NC ¾ 14 19 OUT_VN O · V-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching pin · ON: Low, OFF: High Not connected V-phase lower turn-on signal output pin · V-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin · ON: High, OFF: Low 4 2003-02-20 TB6537P/F Pin No. Symbol I/O Description TB6537P TB6537F ¾ 20 NC ¾ 15 21 OUT_WP O Not connected W-phase upper turn-on signal output pin · W-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching pin · ON: Low, OFF: High W-phase lower turn-on signal output pin 16 22 OUT_WN O · W-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin · ON: High, OFF: Low Overcurrent signal input pin 17 23 OC I · High on this pin can put constraints on the turn-on signal which is performing PWM control. · Built-in pull-up resistor Positional signal input pin 18 24 WAVE I · Inputs majority logic synthesis signal of three-phase pin voltage. · Built-in pull-up resistor Functional Description 1. Sensorless Drive On receipt of PWM signal start instruction turn-in signal for forcible commutation (commutation irrespective of the motor’s rotor position) is output and the motor starts to rotate. The motor’s rotation causes induced voltage on winding wire pin for each phase. When signals indicating positive or negative for pin voltage (including induced voltage) for each phase are input on respective positional signal input pin, the turn-on signal for forcible commutation is automatically switched to turn-on signal for positional signal (induced voltage). Thereafter turn-on signal is formed according to the induced voltage contained in the pin voltage so as to drive the brushless DC motor. 2. Starting commutation frequency (resonator pin and counter bit select pin) The forcible commutation frequency at the time of start is determined by the resonator’s frequency and the number of counter bit (within the IC). + Starting commutation frequency fst = Resonator frequency fxt/(6 ´ 2 (bit 3)) bit = 14 The forcible commutation frequency at the time of start can be adjusted using inertia of the motor and load. · The forcible commutation frequency should be set higher as the number of magnetic poles increases. · The forcible commutation frequency should be set lower as the inertia of the load increases. 3. PWM Control PWM signal can be reflected in turn-on signal by supplying PWM signal from external sources. The frequency of the PWM signal shoud be set adequately high with regard to the electrical frequency of the motor and in accordance to the switching characteristics of the drive circuit. Because positional detection is performed in synchronization with the rising edges of PWM signal, positional detection cannot be performed with 0% duty or 100% duty. Duty (max) 250 ns Duty (min) 250 ns The voltage applied to the motor is duty 100% because of the storage time of the drive circuit even if the duty is 99%. 5 2003-02-20 TB6537P/F 4. Selecting PWM Output Form PWM output form can be selected using SEL_OUT. SEL_OUT = Low Upper turn-on signal Lower turn-on signal Output voltage SEL_OUT = High Upper turn-on signal Lower turn-on signal Output voltage 6 2003-02-20 TB6537P/F 5. Positional Variation Since positional detection is performed in synchronization with PWM signal, positional variation occurs in connection with the frequency of PWM signal. Be especially careful when the IC is used for high-speed motors. PWM signal Pin voltage Pin voltage Reference voltage Positional signal Ideal detection timing Actual detection timing Variation is calculated by detecting at two consecutive rising edges of PWM signal. 1/fp < Detection time variation < 2/fp fp: PWM frequency 6. Overcurrent protection function An active phase which controls PWM is turned off by the rising-edge of the OC signal. The inactive phase is turned on by the timing of the next PWM signal. 7 2003-02-20 TB6537P/F 7. Lead Angle Control The lead angle is 0 degree during the starting forcible commutation and when normal commutation is started, automatically changes to the lead angle which has been set using LA0 and LA1. However, if both LA0 and LA1 are set for High, the lead angle is 30 degrees in the starting forcible commutation as well as in normal commutation. U Induced voltage Turn-on signal (1) Lead angle: 0 degree V W 30 degrees OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN (2) Lead angle: 7.5 degrees 22.5 degrees OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN (3) Lead angle: 15 degree 15 degrees OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN (4) Lead angle: 30 degree OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN 8. Lap Turn-on Control When SEL_LAP = High, the turn-on degree is 120 degrees. When SEL_LAP = Low, Lap Turn-on Mode starts. In Lap Turn-on Mode, the time between zero-cross point and the 120 degrees turn-on timing becomes longer (shaded area in the below chart) so as to create some overlap when switching turn on signals. The lap time differs depending ong the lead angle setting. Induced voltage Turn-on signal U V W (1) Lead angle: 0 degree OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN (2) Lead angle: 7.5 degrees OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN (3) Lead angle: 15 degree OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN (4) Lead angle: 30 degree OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN 8 2003-02-20 TB6537P/F 9. Start/Stop Control Start/Stop is controlled using PWM signal input pin. A stop is acknowledged when PWM signal duty is 0, and a start is acknowledged when ON-signal of a frequency 4 times higher than the resonator frequency or even higher is input continuously. Timing chart PWM signal Detection timing Start 512 periods at the resonator frequency Second detection First detection Start PWM signal Detection timing Stop 512 periods at the resonator frequency First detection Second detection and stop Note: Take sufficient care for noise on PWM signal input pin. 9 2003-02-20 TB6537P/F Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25°C) Characteristics Power supply voltage Input voltage Turn-on signal output current Power dissipation Symbol Rating Unit VDD 5.5 V Vin -0.3 to VDD + 0.3 V IOUT 20 mA PD TB6537P 1.25 TB6537F 0.59 W Operating temperature Topr -30 to 85 °C Storage temperature Tstg -55 to 150 °C Recommended Operating Conditions (Ta = -30 to 85°C) Characteristics Power supply voltage Input voltage PWM frequency Oscillation frequency Symbol Test Condition Min Typ. Max Unit VDD ¾ 4.5 5.0 5.5 V Vin ¾ -0.3 ¾ VDD + 0.3 V fPWM ¾ ¾ 16 ¾ kHz fosc ¾ 1.0 ¾ 10 MHz 10 2003-02-20 TB6537P/F Electrical Characteristics (Ta = 25°C, VDD = 5 V) Characteristics Static power supply current Dynamic power supply current Symbol Test Circuit IDD ¾ IDD (opr) Min Typ. Max Unit PWM = H, XTin = H ¾ 0.1 0.3 mA ¾ PWM = 50% Duty, XTin = 4 MHz ¾ 1 3 mA IIN-1 (H) ¾ VIN = 5 V, PWM, OC, WAVE_U, SEL_LAP ¾ 0 1 IIN-1 (L) ¾ VIN = 0 V, PWM, OC, WAVE_U, SEL_LAP -75 -50 ¾ IIN-2 (H) ¾ VIN = 5 V, CW_CCW, LA0, LA1, SEL_OUT ¾ 50 75 IIN-2 (L) ¾ VIN = 0 V, CW_CCW, LA0, LA1, SEL_OUT -1 0 ¾ VIN (H) ¾ 3.5 ¾ 5 Input current Test Condition mA PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW WAVE_U, LA0, LA1, SEL_OUT V Input voltage Input hysteresis voltage VIN (L) ¾ VH ¾ VO-1 (H) ¾ VO-1 (L) ¾ Output voltage VO-2 (H) ¾ VO-2 (L) ¾ PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW GND ¾ 1.5 ¾ 0.6 ¾ 4.3 ¾ VDD GND ¾ 0.5 WAVE_U, LA0, LA1, SEL_OUT PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW WAVE_U, LA0, LA1, SEL_OUT IOH = -1 mA OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP IOH = 20 mA OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP IOH = -20 mA V 4.0 ¾ VDD GND ¾ 0.5 ¾ 0 10 OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN IOH = 1 mA V OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN VDD = 5.5 V, VOUT = 0 V IL (H) ¾ OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN Output leak current mA VDD = 5.5 V, VOUT = 5.5 V IL (L) ¾ OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP ¾ 0 10 ¾ 0.5 1 ¾ 0.5 1 OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN Output delay time tpLH tpHL ¾ PWM-Output 11 ms 2003-02-20 TB6537P/F Application Circuit Example 5V VM VDD CPU OUT_UP PWM OUT_UN CW_CCW 100 kW ´ 3 OUT_VP 1W SEL_LAP XTin TA75393P GND 200 W 4 MHz 10 kW WAVE 3 kW OC XT 1 kW 1 kW 22 pF H/L OUT_WN 100 kW SEL_OUT 100 kW H/L OUT_WP 10 kW LA1 0.01 mF H/L 0.01 mF LA0 TB6537F/P OUT_VN H/L TA75393P Note 1: Take enough care in designing output VDD line and GND line to avoid short circuit between outputs, VDD fault or GND fault which may cause the IC to break down. Note 2: The above application circuit and values mentioned are just an example for reference. Since the values may vary depending on the motor to be used, appropriate values must be determined through experiments before using the device. 12 2003-02-20 TB6537P/F Package Dimensions Weight: 1.47 (typ.) 13 2003-02-20 TB6537P/F Package Dimensions Weight: 0.32 (typ.) 14 2003-02-20 TB6537P/F RESTRICTIONS ON PRODUCT USE 000707EBA · TOSHIBA is continually working to improve the quality and reliability of its products. Nevertheless, semiconductor devices in general can malfunction or fail due to their inherent electrical sensitivity and vulnerability to physical stress. It is the responsibility of the buyer, when utilizing TOSHIBA products, to comply with the standards of safety in making a safe design for the entire system, and to avoid situations in which a malfunction or failure of such TOSHIBA products could cause loss of human life, bodily injury or damage to property. In developing your designs, please ensure that TOSHIBA products are used within specified operating ranges as set forth in the most recent TOSHIBA products specifications. Also, please keep in mind the precautions and conditions set forth in the “Handling Guide for Semiconductor Devices,” or “TOSHIBA Semiconductor Reliability Handbook” etc.. · The TOSHIBA products listed in this document are intended for usage in general electronics applications (computer, personal equipment, office equipment, measuring equipment, industrial robotics, domestic appliances, etc.). These TOSHIBA products are neither intended nor warranted for usage in equipment that requires extraordinarily high quality and/or reliability or a malfunction or failure of which may cause loss of human life or bodily injury (“Unintended Usage”). Unintended Usage include atomic energy control instruments, airplane or spaceship instruments, transportation instruments, traffic signal instruments, combustion control instruments, medical instruments, all types of safety devices, etc.. Unintended Usage of TOSHIBA products listed in this document shall be made at the customer’s own risk. · The products described in this document are subject to the foreign exchange and foreign trade laws. · The information contained herein is presented only as a guide for the applications of our products. No responsibility is assumed by TOSHIBA CORPORATION for any infringements of intellectual property or other rights of the third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any intellectual property or other rights of TOSHIBA CORPORATION or others. · The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. 15 2003-02-20