Order this document by MC13030/D DUAL CONVERSION AM RECEIVER The MC13030 is a dual conversion AM receiver designed for car radio applications. It includes a high dynamic range first mixer, local oscillator, second mixer and second oscillator, and a high gain AGC’d IF and detector. Also included is a signal strength output, two delayed RF AGC outputs for a cascode FET/bipolar RF amplifier and diode attenuator, a buffered IF output stage and a first local oscillator output buffer for driving a synthesizer. Frequency range of the first mixer and oscillator is 100 kHz to 50 MHz. Applications include single band and multi–band car radio receivers, and shortwave receivers. • Operation from 7.5 to 9.0 Vdc • • • • • • • • • SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA 28 1 First Mixer, 3rd Order Intercept = 20 dBm Buffered First Oscillator Output DW SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751F Second Mixer, 3rd Order Intercept = +5.0 dBm No Internal Beats Between 1st and 2nd Oscillator Harmonics Signal Strength Output Limited 2nd IF Output for Frequency Counter Station Detector PIN CONNECTIONS Adjustable IF Output Station Detector Level Adjustable RF AGC Threshold for Both Mixer Inputs Two Delayed AGC Outputs for Cascode RF Stage and Diode Attenuator Representative Block Diagram 28 27 26 25 24 5.1 V 23 22 21 20 19 Mix2 6.5 V 18 XTal Osc Mix1 17 16 15 1 Mix1 In VCO Out 28 2 Mix1 In VCO 27 3 RF Gnd VCO Ref 26 4 FET RF AGC Mix1 Out 25 5 RF AGC2 Mix1 Out 24 6 RF AGC Adj 7 Mix1 RF AGC Adj 8 SD Level Mix2 Out 21 9 IF Gnd Mix2 Out 20 Vref 23 Mix2 In 22 10 SD IF Out Xtal Osc E 19 11 Xtal Osc B 18 4.1 V S Level Out 12 IF AGC In 3.0 mA VCO Det Vref 16 13 AF Out 6.6 mA IF Amp IF In 17 Det In 15 14 VCC AGC (Top View) VCC ORDERING INFORMATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Device This device contains 335 active transistors. MC13030DW Operating Temperature Range Package TA = –40° to +85°C SOIC–28 Motorola, Inc. 1996 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA Rev 1 1 MC13030 MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.) Symbol Value Unit VCC 10 V TA –40 to +85 °C Storage Temperature Tstg –65 to +150 °C Junction Temperature TJ 150 °C Rating Power Supply Operating Temperature NOTE: ESD data available upon request. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25°C, VCC = 8.0 V, unless otherwise noted.) Characteristic Condition/Pin Symbol Min Typ Max Power Supply Voltage – 8.0 9.0 V VCC = 8.0 V VCC ICC 7.5 Power Supply Current 26 32 44 mA Detector Output Level Vin = 1.0 mV, 30% Mod. V13 160 200 240 mVrms Audio S/N Ratio Vin = 1.0 mV, 30% Mod. S/N 48 52 – dB Audio THD Vin = 1.0 mV, 30% Mod. Vin = 1.0 1 0 mV, V 80% Mod. M d 2 0 mV, V 80% Mod. M d Vin = 2.0 Vin = 0 to 2.0 V THD – – – 0.3 03 0.3 04 0.4 1.0 10 1.0 15 1.5 % V11 0 – 5.2 V – V28 178 224 282 mV Vin = 1.0 mV, V11 > V8 V10 2.3 2.7 3.3 Vpp 1 or 2 to Gnd – – 10 – kΩ 1 or 2 IP3 – 127 – dBµV 1 or 2 to 24 + 25 gc – 2.2 – mS 24 + 25 IC – 4.6 – mA 1 or 2 – – 45 – dB 22 – – 2.4 – kΩ Signal Strength Output VCO Buffer Output SD Output Level Unit MIXER1 Input Resistance Third Order Intercept Point Conversion Transconductance Total Collector Current Input IF Rejection MIXER2 Input Resistance Third Order Intercept Point Conversion Transconductance Total Collector Current 22 IP3 – 112 – dBµV 22 to 20 + 21 gc – 4.6 – mS 20 + 21 IC – 3.0 – mA VCO Minimum Oscillator Coil Parallel Impedance 27 to 26 RP – 3.0 – kΩ Buffer Output Level 28 VO – 224 – mVrms Stray Capacitance 27 CS – 7.0 – pF IF AMPLIFIER Input Resistance Transconductance Maximum Input Level Minimum Detector Coil Parallel Impedance RF Output Level Audio Output Impedance Audio Output Level 2 17 Rin – 2.0 – kΩ 17 to 15 gm – 28 – mS 17 Vin – 125 – mVrms 17 to 15 RL – 15 – kΩ 15, Vin = 1.0 mV – – 2.0 – Vpp 13 Rout – 120 – Ω 13 @ 30% Mod. Vout – 200 – mVrms MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC13030 Figure 1. Test Circuit 8.0 V Mixer1 Out 47 Mixer2 Out 47 1:4 Adj to 11.7 MHz 2.2 µH 1:4 IF Input Mixer2 In 82 pF 0.1 10.245 47 1.0 µF 0.1 680 µH 0.1 22 + 0.01 10 k 0.1 180 pF Osc Out Mixer1 Input FO = 1.0 MHz 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 VCO Out VCO VCO Ref Mix1 Out Mix1 Out RF Vref Mix2 In Mix2 Out Mix2 Out Xtal Xtal Osc E Osc B Mix1 In Mix1 In RF Gnd FET RF AGC RF AGC2 RF Mix1 AGC RF AGC SD Adj Adj Level IF Gnd 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 19 17 16 15 IF In Det Vref Det In SD IF S Level IF AF Out Out AGC In Out VCC 10 18 11 12 13 IF Output/ Det Input 14 8.0 V 0.1 R7 0.1 + 0.1 10 k FET RF AGC Voltage + 47 µF 10 k + 4.7 µF RF AGC Current Audio Out Pin 6 Current SD Adjust S Output Current IF Signal Out NOTES: 1. The transformers used for at the output of the mixers are wideband 1:4 impedance ratio. The secondary load is the 50 Ω input of the spectrum analyzer, so the impedance across the collectors of the mixer output is 200 Ω. 2. Since the VCO frequency is not critical for this measurement, a fixed tuned oscillator tuned to 11.7 MHz is used. This gives an input frequency of 1.0 MHz. 3. The detector coil is loaded with a 10 k resistor to reduce the tuned circuit Q and to present a 10 kΩ load to the IF output for determination of IF transconductance. 4. The RF AGC current, S output current and Pin 6 current are measured by connecting a current measuring meter to these pins, so they are effectively shorted to ground. 5. SD adjust is adjusted by connecting a power supply or potentiometer and voltmeter to Pin 8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The MC13030 contains all the necessary active circuits for an AM car radio or shortwave receiver. The first mixer is a multiplier with emitter resistors in the lower, signal input transistors to give a high dynamic range. It is internally connected to the first oscillator (VCO). The input pins are 1 and 2. The input can be to either Pins 1 or 2, or balanced. These pins are internally biased, so a dc path between them is allowable but not necessary. The mixer outputs are open collectors on Pins 25 and 26. They are normally connected to a tuned transformer. The first oscillator on Pin 27 is a negative resistance type with automatic level control. The level is low so the signal does not modulate the tuning diode capacitance and cause MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA distortion. Pin 26 is the reference voltage for the oscillator coil. This reference is also the supply for the mixer circuits. The upper bases of the mixer are 0.7 V below this reference. The second mixer is similar to the first, but it is single– ended input on Pin 22. Its outputs are open collectors on Pins 20 and 21 which are connected to a tuned transformer. The dynamic range of this mixer is less than the first. It is also connected internally to an oscillator which is normally crystal controlled. The oscillator is a standard Colpitts type with the emitter on Pin 19 and the base on Pin 18. The IF amplifier input is Pin 17. The AGC operates on the input stage to obtain maximum dynamic range and minimum distortion. The IF output, Pin 15, is a current source. 3 MC13030 S Out versus IF Input: The S output current at Pin 11 is provided by two collectors, one a PNP source and the other a sink to ground. The desired S output voltage can be selected using the curve of Figure 3 and calculating the value of the required resistor. Figure 3. S Output Current versus IF Input Level 70 PIN 11 CURRENT ( µA) 60 40 20 0 30 40 50 60 70 80 IF INPUT LEVEL (dBµV) 90 100 RF FET AGC versus Mixer1 and Mixer2 Input Level: Figures 4 and 5 are generated with no external resistance on Pins 4 or 6, so they represent the minimum RF AGC sensitivity of Mixer1 and Mixer2. Figure 4. RF AGC Voltage versus Mixer1 Input 5.0 4.0 PIN 4 VOLTAGE (V) Therefore, its gain is determined by the load impedance connected between Pins 15 and 16. Pin 16 is a voltage reference for the output. The output is internally connected to the AM detector, and Pin 13 is the detector output. This detector also provides the AGC signal for the IF amplifier. An RC filter from Pin 13 to 12 removes the audio, leaving a dc level proportional to the carrier level for AGC. Pin 11 provides a current proportional to signal strength. It is a current source so a resistor must be connected from Pin 11 to ground to select the desired dc voltage range. The current is proportional to the signal level at Pin 17, the IF amplifier input. A high–gain limiting amplifier is used to derive the station detect (SD) signal output on Pin 10; this output is present only if it is turned on by the voltage on Pin 8. If the voltage on Pin 8 is less than the voltage on Pin 11, the output on Pin 10 is “on”. The station detector IF output on Pin 10 is used with synthesizers which have a frequency counting signal detector. The RF AGC outputs on Pins 4 and 5 are controlled by the signal levels at Mixer1 or Mixer2. Bypass capacitors are required on Pins 6 and 4 to remove audio signals from the AGC outputs. Pin 4 is designed to control the NPN transistor in series with the RF amplifier FET. The voltage on Pin 4 is 5.1 V with no input signal and decreases with increasing input signal. Pin 5 is designed to control an additional AGC circuit at the antenna input. The voltage on Pin 5 is at 0 V with no input signal and increases with increasing input signals. The voltage on Pin 5 does not increase until the voltage on Pin 4 has decreased to about 1.3 V. In most cases, Pin 5 is used to drive a diode shunt. Maximum output current is about 850 µA. The RF AGC sensitivity is about 40 mVrms input to Mixer1 or about 2.0 mVrms input to Mixer2 at 1.0 MHz. The AGC sensitivity for both mixers can be decreased by adding a resistor from Pin 6 to ground. There is also an additional amplifier between Mixer1 and its AGC rectifier. The gain of this amplifier and AGC sensitivity for Mixer1 can be increased by adding a resistor from Pin 7 to ground. Therefore, the desired AGC sensitivity for both mixers can be achieved by changing the resistors on Pins 6 and 7. 3.0 2.0 1.0 Figure 2. Pin Connections and DC Voltages 0 Mix1 In VCO Out 28 2 Mix1 In VCO 27 5.1 V 0V 3 RF Gnd VCO Ref 26 5.1 V 4 FET RF AGC Mix1 Out 25 7.8 V 5 RF AGC2 Mix1 Out 24 7.8 V 6 RF AGC Adj Vref 23 6.5 V 43 mV 7 Mix1 RF AGC Adj Mix2 In 22 3.7 V 0 to 4.8 V 8 SD Level Mix2 Out 21 7.9 V 0V 9 IF Gnd Mix2 Out 20 7.9 V 6.5 V 10 SD IF Out Xtal Osc E 19 4.4 V 0 to 4.8 V 11 S Level Out Xtal Osc B 18 5.0 V 3.6 to 4.5 V 12 IF AGC In IF In 17 4.8 V 3.6 to 4.5 V 13 AF Out Det Vref 16 4.1 V 8.0 V 14 VCC Det In 15 4.1 V 5.1 to 0 V 85 5.1 V 3.3 V 0 to 850 µA 0 to 2.8 V 200 mV 4 1 90 95 100 105 MIXER1 INPUT LEVEL (dBµV) Figure 5. RF AGC Voltage versus Mixer2 Input 5.0 4.0 PIN 4 VOLTAGE (V) 3.3 V 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 65 70 75 80 MIXER2 INPUT LEVEL (dBµV) MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC13030 Pin 6 Current versus Mixer1 and Mixer2 Input Level: The internal resistance from Pin 6 to ground is 39 k. The RF AGC voltage on Pin 4 is 2.0 V when the voltage on Pin 6 is 1.2 V. Therefore, the desired AGC thresholds for either mixer can be set with these curves. The design steps are described in the design notes. Mixer1 AGC Gain Increase versus R7: Adding a resistor from Pin 7 to ground increases the AGC sensitivity of Mixer1. The range of increase in dB can be found from this curve. This is useful after setting up the AGC threshold of Mixer2. PIN 6 CURRENT (µ A) 250 200 150 100 50 INCREASE IN MIXER1 AGC SENSITIVITY (dB) Figure 8. Mixer1 AGC Gain Increase versus R7 Figure 6. Pin 6 Current versus Mixer1 Input Level 0 90 100 110 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 100 MIXER1 INPUT LEVEL (dBµV) Figure 7. Pin 6 Current versus Mixer2 Input Level 250 R7 Pin 5 Current versus Pin 4 Voltage: All the curves give Pin 4 AGC voltage versus some other input level. This curve can be used to determine the auxiliary AGC current from Pin 5 at a given Pin 4 voltage. Figure 9. Pin 5 Current versus Pin 4 Voltage 200 5.0 150 4.0 PIN 4 VOLTAGE PIN 6 CURRENT ( µA) 10 k 1.0 k 120 100 50 3.0 2.0 0 80 90 100 110 120 1.0 MIXER2 INPUT LEVEL (dBµV) 0 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 PIN 5 CURRENT (mA) MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 5 MC13030 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION Pin No. Internal Equivalent Circuit Description 1, 2 150 1 150 2 6.6 mA 10 k 10 k Mixer1 Input Pins 1 and 2 are equivalent. In the application circuit, 2 is grounded with a capacitor and 1 is the input. If a load resistor is needed for the input filter, it can be placed across Pins 1 and 2. Input impedance for each pin is 10 k. IP3 (third order intercept) at the input is 20 dBm (127 dBµ). To guarantee –50 dB IM3, the input level should not be greater than 3.5 dBm (103 dBµ) (150 mVrms). 3.3 V 3 RF Ground This should be connected to the ground used for the RF circuits. 3 4 5.1 V 10 k 4.0 V 3.4 k 4 5 5 100 RF AGC2 Output The voltage on this pin starts at 0 and increases with increasing input signals. It is normally used to turn on diodes or a transistor connected across the antenna input and is AGC delayed until Pin 6 reaches 2.7 V. If the voltage on Pin 5 decreases below 2.0 V, the voltage on this pin will decrease from 3.1 down to about 1.5 V. The maximum output current is about 850 µA. 22 k VCC 330 6 RF AGC Adjust An electrolytic capacitor of 1.0 µF must be connected to prevent audio modulation of the AGC circuits. If there is no resistor on this pin, the RF AGC starts at an input level to Mixer1 ≈ 40 mVrms or Mixer2 ≈ 2.0 mVrms. Connecting a resistor from Pin 6 to ground increases RF levels required for AGC to start. It should be used to set the desired AGC level of Mixer2. If a resistor is not connected to Pin 6, unwanted RF signals will cause the AGC to start at a very low level, and desired signals may be suppressed. AGC 1.0 k 6 39 k FET RF AGC Output This is the AGC for the cascode transistor connected to the RF amplifier FET. The no–signal voltage is 5.1 V. The voltage decreases with increasing input signals. A bypass capacitor and electrolytic capacitor must be added to filter out RF signals on the transistor and audio signals in the AGC signal. See Figures 4 and 5. 3.3 k 7 Mixer1 RF Level Adjust A resistor from Pin 7 to ground will increase the gain of an amplifier from the input of Mixer1 to the AGC circuit. It can be used to set the RF AGC level of Mixer1. The minimum value of R7 is about 680 Ω. 7 500 1.5 k 8 510 S 8 Station Detector Signal Level Adjust A voltage on Pin 8 will set the desired signal strength at which the SD IF Out on Pin 10 appears. The other input to this comparator is the S (signal strength) signal. If Pin 8 is grounded, a square wave of the 2nd IF (usually 450 of 455 kHz) is present with very small input levels. This output could also be used to drive an FM detector if desired. SD 3.3 k 9 6 9 IF Ground Pin 9 is the ground for the IF section. MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC13030 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION (continued) Pin No. Internal Equivalent Circuit Description 10 Station Detector IF Output This output is “on” when V11 > V8. The output is an amplified and limited 2nd IF signal. The signal level is ≈ 250 mVpp when it is 100% “on”. 10 k IF 10 SD 510 VCC 11 S Level Output This is a dc current proportional to IF input level. With a load resistor of 75 k, the dc voltage is 0 to 5.1 V. 1.0 k 510 11 1.0 k VCC 12 1.0 k 12 13 VCC 100 13 14 VCC 14 15 IF AGC In The IF gain is controlled by the dc voltage on this pin. It is normally connected to Pin 13 through an RC network to filter out the audio signal on Pin 13. The IF gain is maximum when V13 ≈ 3.6 V. When V13 increases, the IF gain decreases. Audio Output The dc voltage on Pin 13 is ≈ 3.6 V with no input signal and increases to ≈ 4.5 V at minimum IF gain. A nonpolarized electrolytic capacitor may be required to couple to the audio circuits if the audio amplifier dc bias voltage is between these voltages. Supply Voltage The nominal operating voltage is 8.0 V. IF Amplifier Output and Detector Input The detector coil must be connected between Pin 15 and 16. The IF amplifier output is a current source, the IF amplifier is a transconductance amplifier; the gain is determined by the impedance between Pins 15 and 16. The IF amplifier gm ≈ 0.028 mho. If a wide bandwidth IF is desired, the detector coil can be connected between Pins 15 and 16 without a tap and then loaded with a resistor across the coil. 510 15 510 510 16 1.0 k Detector Reference Voltage One side of the detector coil is connected to this pin. It should be bypassed with a 0.1 µF capacitor. 16 510 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 7 MC13030 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION (continued) Pin No. Internal Equivalent Circuit Description 17 IF Input The IF input impedance is 2.0 k to match most ceramic 455 or 450 kHz filters. For a ceramic filter requiring a 1.5 k load, a 5.6 k resistor in series with a 0.01 µF capacitor should be connected from Pin 17 to ground. 17 2.0 k To SD Circuit 4.8 V 18 Crystal Oscillator Base The crystal oscillator is a simple Colpitts type, operating at a low current. The crystal should operate at 10.250 MHz for 450 kHz IF or 10.245 MHz for 455 kHz IF with a 20 pF load capacitance. The oscillator signal to the second mixer is coupled from Pin 18 through an emitter follower. If a synthesizer such as the Motorola MC145170 with a 15 bit programmable R counter is used, the 10.245 MHz crystal can be connected to the synthesizer, and a 200 mVpp oscillator signal from the synthesizer can be capacitively coupled to Pin 18, so only one crystal is needed. 5.1 k 18 500 19 19 Crystal Oscillator Emitter The capacitive divider from Pin 18 is connected as shown in the application circuits of Figures 10, 11, 12. 20, 21 20 21 51V 5.1 22 22 51 51 2.4 k To AGC Circuit 3.7 V 23 3.0 mA 23 24 Mixer2 Input The input impedance is 2.4 k. A series R–C network from Pin 22 to ground or a resistor from the filter to Pin 22 can be used to properly match the filter. In most cases, a 10.7 MHz crystal filter can be connected to Pin 22 directly without any additional components. IP3 (third order intercept) at the input is 5.0 dBm (112 dBµ). To guarantee –50 dB IM3, the input level should not be greater than –20 dBm (87 dBµ) (22.7 mVrms). Vref This is the main reference voltage for most of the circuits in the IC and should be bypassed with a 1.0 µF capacitor. 6.5 V Vref 24, 25 Mixer2 Output The maximum AC collector voltage is about 5.8 Vpp or 2.0 Vrms. The mixer conversion transconductance gc = 0.0046 mho. The load impedance should be selected so the mixer output does not overload before the input. 25 Mixer1 Output The maximum collector voltage is about 5.8 Vpp or 2.0 Vrms. The mixer conversion transconductance gc = 0.0022. The load impedance should be selected so the mixer output does not overload before the input. VCO 5.1 V 8 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC13030 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION (continued) Pin No. Internal Equivalent Circuit Description VCC 26 VCO Reference The first oscillator coil is connected from Pin 26 to 27. Pin 26 must be bypassed to ground with a capacitor which has a low impedance at the oscillator frequency. This capacitor also will reduce the phase noise of the VCO. 75 Vref 26 27 27 to Mixer1 7.5 k 28 VCO The VCO is a negative resistance type and has an internal level control circuit so a tapped coil or one with a secondary is not needed. The level is fixed at 0.8 Vpp so the oscillator signal does not modulate the tuning diode, thus keeping the distortion low. The oscillator stray capacitance is ≈ 12 pF and the tuned circuit impedance should be greater than 3.0 k to guarantee oscillation. Oscillator range is up to 45 MHz so it can be used for SW receivers. VCO Out The output level is 240 mVrms (108 dBµ), high enough to drive any CMOS synthesizer. 100 28 AM CAR RADIO DESIGN NOTES The MC13030 AM Radio IC is intended for dual conversion AM radios. In most cases, the 1st IF frequency (FIF1) is upconverted above the highest input frequency. The first oscillator (VCO) is tuned by a synthesizer and operates at Fin + FIF1. For the 530 to 1700 kHz AM band with a 10.7 MHz first IF, the VCO goes from 11.23 to 12.40 MHz. Therefore, Fmax/Fmin for VCO is only 1.104, so one low–cost tuning diode can be used. Since the required tuning voltage range can be made less than 5.0 V, it may also be possible to drive the tuning diode directly or from the phase detector of the synthesizer IC, such as the Motorola MC145170, operating from 5.0 V, without using a buffer amplifier or transistor. If the VCO is above the incoming frequency, the image frequency of the first mixer is at fOSC + FIF1. For the AM broadcast receiver, it is around 22 MHz, so a simple LPF can be used between the RF stage and Mixer1 input. However, if a LPF is used, an additional coil is still needed to supply the collector voltage of the RF amplifier. For this reason, a BPF filter was used in the application circuit instead, since it uses the same number of coils and gives better performance. It is simply a lowpass to bandpass conversion. The lowpass filter is designed to have a cutoff frequency equal to the desired bandwidth. In this case, it would be 1700 – 530 kHz = 1170 kHz. Then, it is transformed to be resonant at 949 kHz, the geometric mean of the end frequencies: 1700 x 530 = 949 kHz. A balanced–to–unbalanced transformer is required at the output of both mixers. The first one is designed so that Mixer1 has enough gain to overcome the loss of the 10.7 MHz filter and so that the output of the mixer will not overload before the input. The primary impedance of the transformer is relatively low, and it may be difficult to control with commonly available 7.0 mm transformers because the number of primary turns is p MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA quite small. It would also require a large tuning capacitance. A better solution is to tune the secondary with a small capacitance and then use a capacitive divider to match the tuned circuit to the filter. This allows one transformer to be used for either a ceramic or crystal filter. The capacitors can be adjusted to match the filter. The recommended coil is made this way. If the formula: Pin = IP3 – DR/2 is used, the maximum input level to the mixer can be calculated for a desired dynamic range. IP3 = 3rd order intercept level in dB (dBm or dBµ) DR = dynamic range in dB between the desired signals and 3rd order intermodulation products Pin = input level in dBm or dBµ The RF AGC level can then be adjusted so that Pin does not exceed this level. Whether or not a narrow bandwidth crystal or wide bandwidth ceramic filter is used between the first and second mixers depends on the receiver requirements. It is possible to achieve about 50 dB adjacent channel and IM rejection with a ceramic filter because of the wide dynamic range of the mixers. If more than this is required, a crystal filter should be used. If a crystal filter is used, a lower cost CFU type of 455 kHz second IF filter can be used. If a ceramic filter is used, a CFW type filter should be used because there is no RF section selectivity in this type of radio. Since the wideband AGC system is quite sensitive, it can be set to eliminate all spurious responses present at the receiver output. However, the RF AGC will sometimes eliminate or reduce the level of desired signals if there is a strong signal somewhere in the bandpass of the RF circuit. The second mixer is designed like the first and requires a balanced output. Since its load impedance is higher, the transformer can be designed to be tuned on the primary or 9 MC13030 secondary, but, like with the one for the first mixer, if the secondary is tuned, the tap can be adjusted for the impedance of the 455 kHz filter. Wideband filters usually have a higher terminating resistance than the narrowband ones. The recommended coil is made this way. The IF amplifier is basically a transconductance amplifier because the output is a current source. The output is also internally connected to a high impedance AM detector. gm for the IF amplifier is ≈ 0.028 mho. The voltage gain will be the detector coil impedance x 0.028. This can be designed to give the desired audio output level for a given RF input level. If it is set too high, the receiver may oscillate with no input signal. The application circuit was designed for a relatively narrow bandwidth, so a tapped detector coil is used to get the desired gain. If a wide bandwidth receiver is desired, the detector coil can be untapped, and a resistor can be added across the coil to get the desired Q. The detector output on Pin 13 is a low impedance. It supplies the IF AGC signal to Pin 12, so the audio must be filtered out. The time constant of this filter is up to the designer. The main requirement is usually the allowable audio distortion at 100 Hz, 80% modulation. If the time constant is made too long, the audio level will be slow to correct when changing stations. The Signal Strength (S) output is dependent only on the IF amplifier input level. Its maximum voltage is about 5.0 V with a 75 k load resistor. The range can be reduced by using a lower value for the resistor on Pin 11. The S signal will stop increasing when the RF AGC circuits become active, so if the RF AGC threshold is set too low, or there is too much loss from the Mixer2 output to the IF input, the maximum S signal will be reduced. The desired load resistor on Pin 11 (R11) can be determined using the curve of Pin 11 current versus IF input. 10 Setting the RF AGC threshold is probably the most difficult because a trade–off between allowable interference and suppression of desired signals must be made. First select the values for both mixers: a. Using the formula Pin = IP3 – DR/2 Select the desired dynamic range and calculate the maximum input levels for both mixers. Remember that all levels must be in dB, dBµV or dBm. Let DR = 50 dB. IP3 for Mixer2 = 112 dBµV. Therefore, Pinmax = 87 dBµV. IP3 for Mixer1 = 127 dBµV. Therefore, Pinmax = 102 dBµV. b. First, adjust the resistor from Pin 6 to ground to give the desired maximum input level to Mixer2. From the curve of Pin 6 current versus Mixer2 input level, R6 = 1.2/110 µA = 11 k. Rint = 39 k, so R6ext = 15 k. c. From the curve of Pin 6 current versus Mixer1 input level, determine how much more gain would be required in the Mixer1 AGC circuit to achieve the desired dynamic range for Mixer1. From the curve of Relative Sensitivity versus R7 determine the value of R7. Alternatively, R7 can be adjusted to give the desired maximum input level to Mixer1. The resulting R7 may be too small to set the AGC threshold of Mixer1 as low as desired. Also, if R7 is less than 680 Ω, the AGC sensitivity for the Mixer1 input falls off at higher frequencies, so in these cases, the resistor from Pin 6 to ground must be reduced to achieve the desired level because the overload of Mixer1 provides the most important spurious response rejection. However, if the AGC level is set too high, the IF in signal may become too large and the IF amplifier can overload with strong signals. The values used in the application are more conservative. The gain from the antenna input to the point being measured are shown on the AM radio application. These are helpful when calculating audio sensitivity and troubleshooting a new radio. MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA L1 1.5 mH R1 1.0 k L5 33 µH B1 C21 0.01 Q1 J309 Bead D3 1N4148 R2 180 L2 220 µH 33 k C1 0.1 C22 0.1 47 µ F 4.5 X C17 120 pF + C5 L4 220 µH D1 MV209 2 1 28 27 C15 0.1 C18 120 pF L3 220 µH R4 1.0 k 0.01 C4 3 5 6 7 IF Output to Signal Detector R6 R7 1.0 µ F 33 k 1.0 k C7 + 4 8 22 pF C13 C14 47 pF 20 19 18 17 T2 12704 26 25 24 23 22 21 1.0 µF C8 + Osc VR RF Gnd C20 0.1 M1 Out FET AGC C19 22 pF M1 Out RF AGC2 R13 C3 0.01 Q2 2N4401 C16 120 pF D2 1N4148 R3 1.0 k C2 0.1 R5 47 M2 In C25 0.01 M1 In R12 47 RF VR RF AGCL C26 270 pF 16 15 X1 10.245 R18 1.5 k RV1 100 k C23 0.01 R10 68 k 4.7 µ F C9 + 5 R11 4.7 µ F Ceramic Filter 10.5 X 1 2 3 C12 C31 0.01 C24 27 nF 2.7 k R15 0.1 Gnd Gnd Gnd In 2 3 4 Out C28 0.01 0 to 4.8 V Signal Strength AF Out 47 µ F C6 + 8.0 V R17 180 k 130 X C11 0.1 T3 12705 1 R16 390 6.5 X SK107M5–AE–10A SFE10.7MHY FL2 CFU455H2 CFW455H 10 k IC1 MC13030 88 X 1 2 3 FL1 Crystal Filter 10M7A 10 k C10 + R9 10 11 12 13 14 R14 56 k 8.0 V 9 M2 Out M1 AGCL SD Adj R8 47 Osc Out C29 56 pF T1 19335 Xtal E RF In L6 9.8 µH M2 Out IF Gnd Tuning Voltage 1.0–7.0 V IF In A1 Osc M1 In C27 2200 pF Xtal B IF Out S Out IF AGCI C30 330 pF IF VR AF Figure 10. AM Radio Application Det In MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA VCC 8.0 V MC13030 Figure 10. 11 MC13030 SW RADIO DESIGN NOTES CB RADIO DESIGN NOTES The shortwave receiver was designed to cover from 5.0 to 10 MHz. This MC13030 radio has better performance than most receivers because of the high dynamic range and spurious rejection of the mixers. The RF stage bandpass filter for this radio is the same type as the one used for the car radio, but the series tuned section was scaled down in impedance to reduce the inductance of the coil. Since most SW receivers include an SSB and CW mode, the detector coil could have a secondary winding to supply the second IF signal to this section. The capacitors C10 and C23 have been reduced from those in the AM radio so that the AGC system can follow variations in signal level due to fading. The RF stage bandpass filter for this radio consists of a tuned input and a double tuned interstage filter. For lower cost radios, a single tuned interstage filter could be used. The schematic also shows a crystal 10.7 MHz 1st IF filter, but a ceramic or coil filter could also be used. An intermodulation rejection of 50 dB can be obtained with a ceramic 1st IF filter. A bipolar transistor is shown for the RF stage. A dual gate CMOS FET could also be used with G2 connected to the AGC voltage on Pin 4. A PIN diode is recommended for D2. 12 COIL DATA T1 – Toko A119ANS–19335UH T2 – Toko A7MNS–12704UH T3 – Toko A7MCS–12705Y MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA L1 1.5 mH R1 1.0 k L5 33 µH B1 C21 0.01 Q1 J309 Bead L2 15 µH 33 k D3 1N4148 C1 0.1 C3 0.01 C22 0.1 C32 68 pF C31 100 pF 47 µ F + C5 L4 15 µ H Osc Output to Synthesizer R4 1.0 k C15 0.1 C18 39 pF 2 1 28 27 L3 15 µH C16 68 pF C17 39 pF 0.01 3 5 6 7 IF Output to FM Detector R6 1.0 µ F 33 k C7 + 4 22 pF C13 C14 47 pF 20 19 18 17 T2 12704 26 25 24 23 22 21 1.0 µF C8 + RF Gnd C4 Osc VR C20 0.1 M1 Out FET AGC D1 MV209 M1 Out RF AGC2 C19 100 pF RF VR RF AGCL R14 Q2 2N4401 R2 180 D2 1N4148 R3 1.0 k C2 0.1 R5 47 R13 47 R7 1.0 k 8 16 15 X1 10.245 R15 1.5 k R10 75 k 1.0 µF 1.0 µF 5 + C1010 k R11 IC1 MC13030 1 2 3 Crystal Filter 10M7A + C2310 k R9 10 11 12 13 14 C9 0.01 9 M2 Out SD Adj R8 47 M2 Out IF Gnd RF In M2 In M1 AGCL C27 330 pF Xtal E IF Out A1 C25 56 pF T1 19335 Xtal B S Out L6 2.7 µH Osc Out M1 In C28 2200 pF IF VR C26 330 pF IF In IF AGCI Tuning Voltage Osc M1 In Figure 11. 5 to 10 MHz Radio Application Det In MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA AF C12 C29 0.01 2.7 k C24 27 nF R12 0.1 Gnd Gnd Gnd In 2 3 4 Out FL2 CFW455HT C30 0.01 C11 0.1 T3 12705 1 0 to 4.8 V Signal Strength AM AF Out + C6 47 µ F 8.0 V IF Output to SSB Demodulator Figure 11. VCC 8.0 V MC13030 13 L1 1.0 mH C16 47 pF C21 0.01 C3 100 pF C17 0.01 3.9 k R2 100 R1 R3 10 k Q1 MPS9426 C22 470 pF C18 120 pF C29 1.8 pF C1 0.01 L3 330 nH 0.01 C4 28 27 C20 0.1 2 47 µ F + C5 C15 0.01 1 3 5 6 7 IF Output to Signal Detector R5 R6 1.0 µ F 68 k 1.0 k C7 + 4 8 22 pF C13 C14 47 pF C27 270 pF 20 19 18 17 T2 12704 26 25 24 23 22 21 1.0 µF C8 + RF Gnd D1 MV209 Osc VR Osc Out to Synthesizer 16.265 to 16.705 MHz L2 330 nH 33 k M1 Out FET AGC C30 33 pF M1 Out RF AGC2 C19 47 pF RF VR RF AGCL R13 M2 In RV1 100 k C23 0.01 R9 75 k 4.7 µ F C9 + 4.7 µ F 10 k R10 3 1 2 3 IC1 MC13030 10 k C10 + R8 10 11 12 13 14 R14 56 k 8.0 V 9 16 15 X1 10.245 R16 1.5 k C12 C 24 27 nF 2.7 k C11 0.1 T3 12705 In 1 C31 0.01 0.1 R15 Gnd 2 FL2 CFU455H2 Out FL1 Crystal Filter 10M7A 0 to 4.8 V Signal Strength AF Out 47 µ F C6 + 8.0 V Figure 12. D2 BA243 L4 1.0 µH C2 0.1 R5 47 R12 47 M2 Out M1 AGCL SD Adj RF In C25 56 pF T1 19335 Xtal E R7 47 M2 Out IF Gnd A1 Xtal B L5 1.0 µH Osc Out M1 In C28 2200 pF IF VR C26 330 pF IF In IF Out S Out IF AGCI Tuning Voltage Osc M1 In Figure 12. CB Radio Application Det In AF 14 VCC 8.0 V MC13030 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC13030 C3 L2 Q2 L1 C7 C8 C28 C23 R12 R17 C6 R14 R10 R15 R9 C12 X1 C14 C26 C9 FL2 C13 R11 T2 3.0″ RV1 J C31 R16 C27 D3 R7 C5 R6 C18 L4 C15 R4 R2 C22 C4 D2 C17 T1 FL1 Q1 L3 J C29 L5 R1 C21 R3 C16 L6 C19 R8 C30 R18 D1 C20 R5 R13 C25 C1 C2 Figure 13. Printed Circuit Board C10 C24 C11 T3 4.0″ (Top View) NOTE: J = Jumper GND VCO GND V+ ANT IN 3.0″ IF OUT S GND AF +8.0 V 4.0″ (Bottom View) MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 15 MC13030 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS DW SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751F–04 ISSUE E NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. DIMENSION A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION. 4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006) PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.13 (0.005) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. –A– 15 28 14X –B– 1 P 0.010 (0.25) M B M 14 28X D 0.010 (0.25) M T A S B M S R X 45 _ C 26X –T– G SEATING PLANE K F J DIM A B C D F G J K M P R MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 17.80 18.05 7.40 7.60 2.35 2.65 0.35 0.49 0.41 0.90 1.27 BSC 0.23 0.32 0.13 0.29 0_ 8_ 10.01 10.55 0.25 0.75 INCHES MIN MAX 0.701 0.711 0.292 0.299 0.093 0.104 0.014 0.019 0.016 0.035 0.050 BSC 0.009 0.013 0.005 0.011 0_ 8_ 0.395 0.415 0.010 0.029 Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. 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