SAMSUNG S3P9228

21-S3-C9228/P9228-112002
USER'S MANUAL
S3C9228/P9228
8-Bit CMOS
Microcontroller
Revision 1
S3C9228/P9228
8-BIT CMOS
MICROCONTROLLERS
USER'S MANUAL
Revision 1
Important Notice
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accurate at the time of publication. Samsung
assumes no responsibility, however, for possible
errors or omissions, or for any consequences
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products or product specifications with the intent to
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any product or circuit and specifically disclaims any
and all liability, including without limitation any
consequential or incidental damages.
"Typical" parameters can and do vary in different
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"Typicals" must be validated for each customer
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S3C9228/P9228 8-Bit CMOS Microcontrollers
User's Manual, Revision 1
Publication Number: 21-S3-C9228/P9228-112002
© 2002 Samsung Electronics
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electric or mechanical, by photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior
written consent of Samsung Electronics.
Samsung Electronics' microcontroller business has been awarded full ISO-14001
certification (BVQI Certificate No 9330) All semiconductor products are designed
and manufactured in accordance with the highest quality standards and
objectives.
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
San #24 Nongseo-Ri, Kiheung-Eup
Yongin-City, Kyunggi-Do, Korea
C.P.O. Box #37, Suwon 449-900
TEL: (82)-(331)-209-1907
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Home-Page URL: Http://www.samsungsemi.com
Printed in the Republic of Korea
Preface
The S3C9228/P9228 Microcontrollers User's Manual is designed for application designers and programmers who
are using the S3C9228/P9228 microcontrollers for application development. It is organized in two main parts:
Part I
Programming Model
Part II Hardware Descriptions
Part I contains software-related information to familiarize you with the microcontroller's architecture,
programming model, instruction set, and interrupt structure. It has six chapters:
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Product Overview
Address Spaces
Addressing Modes
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Control Registers
Interrupt Structure
SAM88RCRI Instruction Set
Chapter 1, "Product Overview," is a high-level introduction to the 100% with general product descriptions, as well
as detailed information about individual pin characteristics and pin circuit types.
Chapter 2, "Address Spaces," explains the 100% program and data memory, internal register file, and mapped
control register, and explains how to address them. Chapter 2 also describes working register addressing, as well
as system stack and user-defined stack operations.
Chapter 3, "Addressing Modes," contains detailed descriptions of the addressing modes that are supported by the
CPU.
Chapter 4, "Control Registers," contains overview tables for all mapped system and peripheral control register
values, as well as detailed one-page descriptions in standard format. You can use these easy-to-read,
alphabetically organized, register descriptions as a quick-reference source when writing programs.
Chapter 5, "Interrupt Structure," describes the 100% interrupt structure in detail and further prepares you for
additional information presented in the individual hardware module descriptions in Part II.
Chapter 6, "SAM88RCRI Instruction Set," describes the features and conventions of the instruction set used for
all S3C9-series microcontrollers. Several summary tables are presented for orientation and reference. Detailed
descriptions of each instruction are presented in a standard format. Each instruction description includes one or
more practical examples of how to use the instruction when writing an application program.
A basic familiarity with the information in Part I will help you to understand the hardware module descriptions in
Part II. If you are not yet familiar with the SAM8 product family and are reading this manual for the first time, we
recommend that you first read chapters 1–3 carefully. Then, briefly look over the detailed information in chapters
4, 5, and 6. Later, you can reference the information in Part I as necessary.
Part II "hardware Descriptions," has detailed information about specific hardware components of the
S3C9228/P9228 microcontrollers. Also included in Part II are electrical, mechanical, OTP, and development
tools data. It has 13 chapters:
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Clock Circuits
RESET and Power-Down
I/O Ports
Basic Timer
Timer 1
Watch Timer
LCD Controller/Driver
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
10-bit ADC
Serial I/O Interface
Electrical Data
Mechanical Data
S3P9228 OTP
Development Tools
Two order forms are included at the back of this manual to facilitate customer order for S3C9228/P9228
microcontrollers: the Mask ROM Order Form, and the Mask Option Selection Form. You can photocopy these
forms, fill them out, and then forward them to your local Samsung Sales Representative.
S3C9228/P9228 MICROCONTROLLERS
iii
Table of Contents
Part I — Programming Model
Chapter 1
Product Overview
SAM88RCRI Product Family ................................................................................................................... 1-1
S3C9228/P9228 Microcontroller .............................................................................................................. 1-1
OTP......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
Features .................................................................................................................................................. 1-2
Block Diagram ......................................................................................................................................... 1-3
Pin Assignments ...................................................................................................................................... 1-4
Pin Descriptions....................................................................................................................................... 1-6
Pin Circuit Diagrams................................................................................................................................ 1-8
Chapter 2
Address Spaces
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 2-1
Program Memory (ROM) ......................................................................................................................... 2-2
Register Architecture ............................................................................................................................... 2-3
Common Working Register Area (C0H–CFH) .......................................................................................... 2-4
System Stack .......................................................................................................................................... 2-5
Chapter 3
Addressing Modes
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 3-1
Register Addressing Mode (R)......................................................................................................... 3-2
Indirect Register Addressing Mode (IR) ........................................................................................... 3-3
Indexed Addressing Mode (X).......................................................................................................... 3-7
Direct Address Mode (DA) ............................................................................................................... 3-10
Relative Address Mode (RA) ........................................................................................................... 3-12
Immediate Mode (IM) ...................................................................................................................... 3-12
S3C9228/P9228 MICROCONTROLLERS
v
Table of Contents (Continued)
Chapter 4
Control Registers
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 4-1
Chapter 5
Interrupt Structure
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 5-1
Interrupt Processing Control Points.................................................................................................. 5-1
Enable/Disable Interrupt Instructions (EI, DI) ................................................................................... 5-1
Interrupt Pending Function Types .................................................................................................... 5-2
Interrupt Priority............................................................................................................................... 5-2
Interrupt Source Service Sequence ................................................................................................. 5-3
Interrupt Service Routines ............................................................................................................... 5-3
Generating Interrupt Vector addresses............................................................................................. 5-3
S3C9228/P9228 Interrupt Structure ................................................................................................. 5-4
Chapter 6
SAM88RCRI Instruction Set
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 6-1
Register Addressing......................................................................................................................... 6-1
Addressing Modes ........................................................................................................................... 6-1
Flags Register (FLAGS) .................................................................................................................. 6-4
Flag Descriptions............................................................................................................................. 6-4
Instruction Set Notation ................................................................................................................... 6-5
Condition Codes .............................................................................................................................. 6-9
Instruction Descriptions.................................................................................................................... 6-10
vi
S3C9228/P9228 MICROCONTROLLERS
Table of Contents (Continued)
Part II — Hardware Descriptions
Chapter 7
Clock Circuit
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 7-1
System Clock Circuit ....................................................................................................................... 7-1
CPU Clock Notation ........................................................................................................................ 7-1
Main Oscillator Circuits.................................................................................................................... 7-2
Sub Oscillator Circuits ..................................................................................................................... 7-2
Clock Status During Power-Down Modes......................................................................................... 7-3
System Clock Control Register (CLKCON) ...................................................................................... 7-4
Oscillator Control Register (OSCCON) ............................................................................................ 7-5
Switching The CPU Clock................................................................................................................ 7-6
Stop Control Register (STPCON) .................................................................................................... 7-7
Chapter 8
RESET and Power-Down
System Reset .......................................................................................................................................... 8-1
Overview......................................................................................................................................... 8-1
Power-Down Modes................................................................................................................................. 8-2
Stop Mode....................................................................................................................................... 8-2
Idle Mode ........................................................................................................................................ 8-3
Hardware Reset Values ................................................................................................................... 8-4
Chapter 9
I/O Ports
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 9-1
Port Data Registers ......................................................................................................................... 9-2
Port 0 .............................................................................................................................................. 9-3
Port 1 .............................................................................................................................................. 9-6
Port 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 9-9
Port 3 .............................................................................................................................................. 9-11
Port 4 .............................................................................................................................................. 9-14
Port 5 .............................................................................................................................................. 9-15
Port 6 .............................................................................................................................................. 9-16
Chapter 10
Basic Timer
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 10-1
Basic Timer Control Register (BTCON) ........................................................................................... 10-2
Basic Timer Function Description .................................................................................................... 10-3
S3C9228/P9228 MICROCONTROLLERS
vii
Table of Contents (Continued)
Chapter 11
Timer 1
One 16-Bit Timer Mode (Timer 1) ............................................................................................................ 11-1
Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 11-1
Function Description........................................................................................................................ 11-1
Two 8-Bit Timers Mode (Timer A and B) .................................................................................................. 11-4
Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 11-4
Function Description........................................................................................................................ 11-7
Chapter 12
Watch Timer
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 12-1
Watch Timer Control Register (WTCON)......................................................................................... 12-2
Watch Timer Circuit Diagram................................................................................................................... 12-3
Chapter 13
LCD Controller/Driver
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 13-1
LCD Circuit Diagram........................................................................................................................ 13-2
LCD RAM Address Area .................................................................................................................. 13-3
LCD Mode Control Register (LMOD)................................................................................................ 13-4
LCD Port Control Register ............................................................................................................... 13-5
LCD Voltage Dividing Resistors ....................................................................................................... 13-6
Common (COM) Signals.................................................................................................................. 13-6
Segment (SEG) Signals................................................................................................................... 13-6
Chapter 14
10-Bit A/D Converter
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 14-1
Function Description ................................................................................................................................ 14-1
Conversion Timing .......................................................................................................................... 14-2
A/D Converter Control Register (ADCON) ....................................................................................... 14-2
Internal Reference Voltage Levels ................................................................................................... 14-3
Block Diagram ......................................................................................................................................... 14-3
Chapter 15
Serial I/O Interface
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 15-1
Programming Procedure.................................................................................................................. 15-1
SIO Control Registers (SIOCON)..................................................................................................... 15-2
SIO Pre-Scaler Register (SIOPS) .................................................................................................... 15-3
SIO Block Diagram .................................................................................................................................. 15-3
Serial I/O Timing Diagram (SIO)...................................................................................................... 15-4
viii
S3C9228/P9228 MICROCONTROLLERS
Table of Contents (Concluded)
Chapter 16
Electrical Data
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 16-1
Chapter 17
Mechanical Data
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 17-1
Chapter 18
S3P9228 OTP
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 18-1
Operating Mode Characteristics....................................................................................................... 18-3
Chapter 19
Development Tools
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 19-1
SHINE............................................................................................................................................. 19-1
SAMA Assembler ............................................................................................................................ 19-1
SASM86.......................................................................................................................................... 19-1
HEX2ROM ...................................................................................................................................... 19-1
Target Boards.................................................................................................................................. 19-1
TB9228 Target Board ...................................................................................................................... 19-3
Idle LED .......................................................................................................................................... 19-5
Stop LED......................................................................................................................................... 19-5
S3C9228/P9228 MICROCONTROLLERS
ix
List of Figures
Figure
Number
Title
Page
Number
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-7
1-8
1-9
1-10
1-11
1-12
Block Diagram.................................................................................................................... 1-3
S3C9228 44-QFP Pin Assignments .................................................................................... 1-4
S3C9228 42-SDIP Pin Assignments ................................................................................... 1-5
Pin Circuit Type B .............................................................................................................. 1-8
Pin Circuit Type C .............................................................................................................. 1-8
Pin Circuit Type E-4 ........................................................................................................... 1-9
Pin Circuit Type F-16A ....................................................................................................... 1-9
Pin Circuit Type H-23 ......................................................................................................... 1-10
Pin Circuit Type H-32 ......................................................................................................... 1-11
Pin Circuit Type H-32A ....................................................................................................... 1-11
Pin Circuit Type H-32B ....................................................................................................... 1-12
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
S3C9228/P9228 Program Memory Address Space............................................................. 2-2
Internal Register File Organization ..................................................................................... 2-3
16-Bit Register Pairs........................................................................................................... 2-4
Stack Operations................................................................................................................ 2-5
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-13
Register Addressing ........................................................................................................... 3-2
Working Register Addressing ............................................................................................. 3-2
Indirect Register Addressing to Register File ...................................................................... 3-3
Indirect Register Addressing to Program Memory ............................................................... 3-4
Indirect Working Register Addressing to Register File ........................................................ 3-5
Indirect Working Register Addressing to Program or Data Memory..................................... 3-6
Indexed Addressing to Register File ................................................................................... 3-7
Indexed Addressing to Program or Data Memory with Short Offset..................................... 3-8
Indexed Addressing to Program or Data Memory with Long Offset ..................................... 3-9
Direct Addressing for Load Instructions............................................................................... 3-10
Direct Addressing for Call and Jump Instructions................................................................ 3-11
Relative Addressing............................................................................................................ 3-12
Immediate Addressing........................................................................................................ 3-12
4-1
Register Description Format ............................................................................................... 4-4
S3C9228/P9228 MICROCONTROLLERS
xi
List of Figures (Continued)
Figure
Number
Title
Page
Number
5-1
5-2
5-3
S3C9-Series Interrupt Type ................................................................................................ 5-1
Interrupt Function Diagram ................................................................................................. 5-2
S3C9228/P9228 Interrupt Structure .................................................................................... 5-5
6-1
System Flags Register (FLAGS)......................................................................................... 6-4
7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
7-6
7-7
7-8
7-9
Crystal/Ceramic Oscillator .................................................................................................. 7-2
External Oscillator .............................................................................................................. 7-2
RC Oscillator ...................................................................................................................... 7-2
Crystal/Ceramic Oscillator .................................................................................................. 7-2
External Oscillator .............................................................................................................. 7-2
System Clock Circuit Diagram ............................................................................................ 7-3
System Clock Control Register (CLKCON) ......................................................................... 7-4
Oscillator Control Register (OSCCON) ............................................................................... 7-5
STOP Control Register (STPCON) ..................................................................................... 7-7
9-1
9-2
9-3
9-4
9-5
9-6
9-7
9-8
9-9
9-10
9-11
9-12
9-13
9-14
9-15
9-16
9-17
9-18
9-19
9-20
9-21
9-22
9-23
S3C9228 I/O Port Data Register Format............................................................................. 9-2
Port 0 Control Register (P0CON) ........................................................................................ 9-4
Port 0 Interrupt Control Register (P0INT) ............................................................................ 9-4
Port 0 Interrupt Pending Bits (INTPND1.3-.0)...................................................................... 9-5
Port 0 Interrupt Edge Selection Register (P0EDGE)............................................................ 9-5
Port 0 Pull-up Control Register (P0PUR) ............................................................................ 9-5
Port 1 Control Register (P1CON) ........................................................................................ 9-6
Port 1 Interrupt Control Register (P1INT) ............................................................................ 9-7
Port 1 Interrupt Pending Bits (INTPND1.7-.4)...................................................................... 9-7
Port 1 Interrupt Edge Selection Register (P1EDGE)............................................................ 9-8
Port 1 Pull-up Control Register (P1PUR) ............................................................................ 9-8
Port 2 Control Register (P2CON) ........................................................................................ 9-9
Port 2 Pull-up Control Register (P2PUR) ............................................................................ 9-10
Port 3 Control Register (P3CON) ........................................................................................ 9-11
Port 3 Interrupt Control Register (P3INT) ............................................................................ 9-12
Port 3 Interrupt Pending Bits (INTPND2.5-.4)...................................................................... 9-12
Port 3 Interrupt Edge Selection Register (P3EDGE)............................................................ 9-13
Port 3 Pull-up Control Register (P3PUR) ............................................................................ 9-13
Port 4 High-Byte Control Register (P4CONH) ..................................................................... 9-14
Port 4 Low-Byte Control Register (P4CONL)....................................................................... 9-14
Port 5 High-Byte Control Register (P5CONH) ..................................................................... 9-15
Port 5 Low-Byte Control Register (P5CONL)....................................................................... 9-15
Port 6 Control Register (P6CON) ........................................................................................ 9-16
xii
S3C9228/P9228 MICROCONTROLLERS
List of Figures (Continued)
Figure
Number
Title
Page
Number
10-1
10-2
Basic Timer Control Register (BTCON) .............................................................................. 10-2
Basic Timer Block Diagram ................................................................................................ 10-4
11-1
11-2
11-3
11-4
11-5
11-6
Timer 1 Control Register (TACON)..................................................................................... 11-2
Timer 1 Block Diagram (One 16-bit Mode) ......................................................................... 11-3
Timer A Control Register (TACON) .................................................................................... 11-5
Timer B Control Register (TBCON) .................................................................................... 11-6
Timer A Block Diagram (Two 8-bit Timers Mode) ............................................................... 11-8
Timer B Block Diagram (Two 8-bit Timers Mode) ............................................................... 11-9
12-1
12-2
Watch Timer Control Register (WTCON)............................................................................ 12-2
Watch Timer Circuit Diagram ............................................................................................. 12-3
13-1
13-2
13-3
13-4
13-5
13-6
13-7
13-8
13-9
LCD Function Diagram ....................................................................................................... 13-1
LCD Circuit Diagram .......................................................................................................... 13-2
LCD Display Data RAM Organization ................................................................................. 13-3
LCD Mode Control Register (LMOD) .................................................................................. 13-4
LCD Port Control Register .................................................................................................. 13-5
Internal Voltage Dividing Resistor Connection .................................................................... 13-6
LCD Signal Waveforms (1/8 Duty, 1/4 Bias) ....................................................................... 13-7
LCD Signal Waveforms (1/4 Duty, 1/3 Bias) ....................................................................... 13-8
LCD Signal Waveforms (1/3 Duty, 1/3 Bias) ....................................................................... 13-9
14-1
14-2
14-3
14-4
A/D Converter Control Register (ADCON) .......................................................................... 14-2
A/D Converter Data Register (ADDATAH/ADDATAL) ......................................................... 14-3
A/D Converter Functional Block Diagram ........................................................................... 14-3
Recommended A/D Converter Circuit for Highest Absolute Accuracy ................................. 14-4
15-1
15-2
15-3
15-4
15-5
Serial I/O Module Control Register (SIOCON) .................................................................... 15-2
SIO Prescaler Register (SIOPS)......................................................................................... 15-3
SIO Functional Block Diagram............................................................................................ 15-3
Serial I/O Timing in Transmit/Receive Mode (Tx at falling, SIOCON.4 = 0) ........................ 15-4
Serial I/O Timing in Transmit/Receive Mode (Tx at rising, SIOCON.4 = 1) ......................... 15-4
S3C9228/P9228 MICROCONTROLLERS
xiii
List of Figures (Concluded)
Figure
Number
Title
Page
Number
16-1
16-2
16-3
16-4
16-5
16-6
16-7
16-8
Stop Mode Release Timing When Initiated by an External Interrupt.................................... 16-5
Stop Mode Release Timing When Initiated by a RESET..................................................... 16-6
Input Timing for External Interrupts..................................................................................... 16-8
Input Timing for RESET...................................................................................................... 16-9
Serial Data Transfer Timing................................................................................................ 16-9
Clock Timing Measurement at XIN ..................................................................................... 16-11
Clock Timing Measurement at XTIN ................................................................................... 16-12
Operating Voltage Range ................................................................................................... 16-13
17-1
17-2
42-SDIP-600 Package Dimensions ..................................................................................... 17-1
44-QFP-1010B Package Dimensions.................................................................................. 17-2
18-1
18-2
18-3
S3P9228 44-QFP Pin Assignments .................................................................................... 18-1
S3P9228 42-SDIP Pin Assignments ................................................................................... 18-2
Standard Operating Voltage Range .................................................................................... 18-5
19-1
19-2
19-3
19-4
19-5
SMDS Product Configuration (SMDS2+) ............................................................................ 19-2
TB9228 Target Board Configuration ................................................................................... 19-3
Connectors (J101, J102) for TB9228 .................................................................................. 19-6
S3C9228 Probe Adapter for 42-SDIP Package ................................................................... 19-7
S3C9228 Probe Adapter for 44-QFP Package .................................................................... 19-7
xiv
S3C9228/P9228 MICROCONTROLLERS
List of Tables
Table
Number
Title
Page
Number
1-1
Pin Descriptions ................................................................................................................. 1-6
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
Instruction Group Summary................................................................................................ 6-2
Flag Notation Conventions ................................................................................................. 6-5
Instruction Set Symbols...................................................................................................... 6-5
Instruction Notation Conventions ........................................................................................ 6-6
Opcode Quick Reference ................................................................................................... 6-7
Condition Codes ................................................................................................................. 6-9
8-1
Register Values after RESET ............................................................................................. 8-4
9-1
9-2
S3C9228 Port Configuration Overview ............................................................................... 9-1
Port Data Register Summary.............................................................................................. 9-2
13-1
Common and Segment Pins per Duty Cycle ....................................................................... 13-3
16-1
16-2
16-3
16-4
16-5
16-6
16-7
16-8
16-9
16-10
Absolute Maximum Ratings ................................................................................................ 16-2
D.C. Electrical Characteristics ............................................................................................ 16-2
Data Retention Supply Voltage in Stop Mode ..................................................................... 16-5
Input/Output Capacitance ................................................................................................... 16-6
A.C. Electrical Characteristics ............................................................................................ 16-7
A/D Converter Electrical Characteristics ............................................................................. 16-8
Main Oscillation Characteristics.......................................................................................... 16-10
Sub Oscillation Characteristics ........................................................................................... 16-10
Main Oscillation Stabilization Time..................................................................................... 16-11
Sub Oscillation Stabilization Time ...................................................................................... 16-12
18-1
18-2
18-3
18-4
Descriptions of Pins Used to Read/Write the EPROM......................................................... 18-3
Comparison of S3P9228 and S3C9228 Features................................................................ 18-3
Operating Mode Selection Criteria...................................................................................... 18-3
D.C. Electrical Characteristics ............................................................................................ 18-4
19-1
19-2
19-3
Power Selection Settings for TB9228.................................................................................. 19-4
The SMDS2+ Tool Selection Setting .................................................................................. 19-5
Using Single Header Pins as the Input Path for External Trigger Sources........................... 19-5
S3C9228/P9228 MICROCONTROLLERS
xv
List of Programming Tips
Description
Page
Number
Chapter 2: Address Spaces
Addressing the Common Working Register Area ..................................................................................... 2-4
Standard Stack Operations Using PUSH and POP .................................................................................. 2-6
Chapter 5: Interrupt Structure
How to clear an interrupt pending bit........................................................................................................ 5-6
Chapter 7: Clock Circuits
Switching the CPU clock.......................................................................................................................... 7-6
How to Use Stop Instruction..................................................................................................................... 7-7
S3C9228/P9228 MICROCONTROLLERS
xvii
List of Register Descriptions
Register
Identifier
ADCON
BTCON
CLKCON
FLAGS
INTPND1
INTPND2
LMOD
LPOT
OSSCON
P0CON
P0INT
P0PUR
P0EDGE
P1CON
P1INT
P1PUR
P1EDGE
P2CON
P2PUR
P3CON
P3INT
P3PUR
P3EDGE
P4CONH
P4CONL
P5CONH
P5CONL
P6CON
SIOCON
STPCON
SYM
TACON
TBCON
WTCON
Full Register Name
Page
Number
A/D Converter Control Register.............................................................................. 4-5
Basic Timer Control Register ................................................................................. 4-6
System Clock Control Register............................................................................... 4-7
System Flags Register ........................................................................................... 4-8
Interrupt Pending Register 1................................................................................... 4-9
Interrupt Pending Register 2................................................................................... 4-10
LCD Mode Control Register ................................................................................... 4-11
LCD Port Control Register...................................................................................... 4-12
Oscillator Control Register ..................................................................................... 4-13
Port 0 Control Register........................................................................................... 4-14
Port 0 Interrupt Enable Register ............................................................................. 4-15
Port 0 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register................................................................ 4-16
Port 0 Interrupt Edge Selection Register ................................................................ 4-17
Port 1 Control Register........................................................................................... 4-18
Port 1 Interrupt Enable Register ............................................................................. 4-19
Port 1 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register................................................................ 4-20
Port 1 Interrupt Edge Selection Register ................................................................ 4-21
Port 2 Control Register........................................................................................... 4-22
Port 2 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register................................................................ 4-23
Port 3 Control Register........................................................................................... 4-24
Port 2 Interrupt Enable Register ............................................................................. 4-25
Port 3 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register................................................................ 4-26
Port 3 Interrupt Edge Selection Register ................................................................ 4-27
Port 4 Control Register........................................................................................... 4-28
Port 4 Control Register Low Byte ........................................................................... 4-29
Port 5 Control Register High Byte .......................................................................... 4-30
Port 5 Control Register Low Byte ........................................................................... 4-31
Port 6 Control Register........................................................................................... 4-32
SIO Control Register.............................................................................................. 4-33
Stop Control Register............................................................................................. 4-34
System Mode Register........................................................................................... 4-35
Timer 1/A Control Register..................................................................................... 4-36
Timer B Control Register........................................................................................ 4-37
Watch Timer Control Register................................................................................ 4-38
S3C9228/P9228 MICROCONTROLLERS
xix
List of Instruction Descriptions
Instruction
Mnemonic
ADC
ADD
AND
CALL
CCF
CLR
COM
CP
DEC
DI
EI
IDLE
INC
IRET
JP
JR
LD
LDC/LDE
LDCD/LDED
LDCI/LDEI
NOP
OR
POP
PUSH
RCF
RET
RL
RLC
RR
RRC
SBC
SCF
SRA
STOP
SUB
TCM
TM
XOR
Full Instruction Name
Page
Number
Add With Carry ...................................................................................................... 6-11
Add ........................................................................................................................ 6-12
Logical AND........................................................................................................... 6-13
Call Procedure ....................................................................................................... 6-14
Complement Carry Flag......................................................................................... 6-15
Clear...................................................................................................................... 6-16
Complement .......................................................................................................... 6-17
Compare................................................................................................................ 6-18
Decrement ............................................................................................................. 6-19
Disable Interrupts................................................................................................... 6-20
Enable Interrupts.................................................................................................... 6-21
Idle Operation ........................................................................................................ 6-22
Increment............................................................................................................... 6-23
Interrupt Return...................................................................................................... 6-24
Jump...................................................................................................................... 6-25
Jump Relative........................................................................................................ 6-26
Load ...................................................................................................................... 6-27
Load Memory......................................................................................................... 6-29
Load Memory and Decrement ................................................................................ 6-31
Load Memory and Increment ................................................................................. 6-32
No Operation ......................................................................................................... 6-33
Logical OR............................................................................................................. 6-34
Pop From Stack ..................................................................................................... 6-35
Push To Stack ....................................................................................................... 6-36
Reset Carry Flag.................................................................................................... 6-37
Return.................................................................................................................... 6-38
Rotate Left ............................................................................................................. 6-39
Rotate Left Through Carry...................................................................................... 6-40
Rotate Right........................................................................................................... 6-41
Rotate Right Through Carry ................................................................................... 6-42
Subtract With Carry ............................................................................................... 6-43
Set Carry Flag........................................................................................................ 6-44
Shift Right Arithmetic ............................................................................................. 6-45
Stop Operation....................................................................................................... 6-46
Subtract ................................................................................................................. 6-47
Test Complement Under Mask............................................................................... 6-48
Test Under Mask.................................................................................................... 6-49
Logical Exclusive OR............................................................................................. 6-50
S3C9228/P9228 MICROCONTROLLERS
xxi
S3C9228/P9228
1
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
SAM88RCRI PRODUCT FAMILY
Samsung's SAM88RCRI family of 8-bit single-chip CMOS microcontrollers offer fast and efficient CPU, a wide
range of integrated peripherals, and supports OTP device.
A dual address/data bus architecture and bit- or nibble-configurable I/O ports provide a flexible programming
environment for applications with varied memory and I/O requirements. Timer/counters with selectable operating
modes are included to support real-time operations.
S3C9228/P9228 MICROCONTROLLER
The S3C9228 can be used for dedicated control functions in a variety of applications, and is especially designed
for application with FRS or etc.
The S3C9228/P9228 single-chip 8-bit microcontroller is fabricated using an advanced CMOS process. It is built
around the powerful SAM88RCRI CPU core.
Stop and Idle power-down modes were implemented to reduce power consumption. To increase on-chip register
space, the size of the internal register file was logically expanded. The S3C9228/P9228 has 8K-byte of program
ROM, and 264-byte of RAM (including 16-byte of working register and 20-byte LCD display RAM).
Using the SAM88RCRI design approach, the following peripherals were integrated with the SAM88RCRI core:
— 7 configurable I/O ports including ports shared with segment/common drive outputs
— 10-bit programmable pins for external interrupts
— One 8-bit basic timer for oscillation stabilization and watch-dog functions
— Two 8-bit timer/counters with selectable operating modes
— Watch timer for real time
— 4 channel A/D converter
— 8-bit serial I/O interface
OTP
The S3C9228 microcontroller is also available in OTP (One Time Programmable) version. S3P9228
microcontroller has an on-chip 8K-byte one-time-programmable EPROM instead of masked ROM. The S3P9228
is comparable to S3C9228, both in function and in pin configuration.
1-1
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
S3C9228/P9228
FEATURES
CPU
LCD Controller/Driver
• SAM88RCRI CPU core
•
16 segments and 8 common terminals
Memory
•
•
3, 4, and 8 common selectable
Internal resistor circuit for LCD bias
•
•
8192 × 8 bits program memory (ROM)
264 × 8 bits data memory (RAM)
(Including LCD data memory)
Instruction Set
•
41 instructions
•
Idle and Stop instructions added for power-down
modes
8-bit Serial I/O Interface
•
8-bit transmit/receive mode
•
8-bit receive mode
•
LSB-first or MSB-first transmission selectable
•
Internal or external clock source
A/D Converter
36 I/O Pins
•
10-bit converter resolution
•
I/O: 34 pins (44-pin QFP, 42-pin SDIP)
•
50us conversion speed at 1MHz fADC clock
•
Output only: 2 pins (44-pin QFP)
•
4-channel
Interrupts
Two Power-Down Modes
•
•
•
•
14 interrupt source and 1 vector
One interrupt level
Idle: only CPU clock stops
Stop: system clock and CPU clock stop
8-Bit Basic Timer
Oscillation Sources
•
•
•
Crystal, ceramic, or RC for main clock
•
•
Main clock frequency: 0.4 MHz - 8MHz
32.768 kHz crystal oscillation circuit for
sub clock
Watchdog timer function
3 kinds of clock source
Two 8-Bit Timer/Counters
•
The programmable 8-bit timer/counters
•
External event counter function
Instruction Execution Times
•
Configurable as one 16-bit timer/counters
•
Watch Timer
•
•
Interval time: 3.91mS, 0.25S, 0.5S, and 1S
at 32.768 kHz
0.5/1/2/4 kHz Selectable buzzer output
•
Clock source generation for LCD
500nS at 8MHz fx(minimum)
Operating Voltage Range
•
2.0 V to 5.5 V at 0.4 - 4.2MHz
•
2.7 V to 5.5 V at 0.4 - 8MHz
Operating Temperature Range
•
-25 °C to +85 °C
Package Type
•
1-2
44-pin QFP, 42-pin SDIP
S3C9228/P9228
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
BLOCK DIAGRAM
TAOUT/
P0.0
T1CLK/
P0.1
8-Bit Timer/
CounterA
8-Bit Timer/
CounterB
P0.0/TAOUT/INT
P0.1/T1CLK/INT
P0.2/INT
P0.3/BUZ/INT
P0.4
P0.5
P1.0/AD0/INT
P1.1/AD1/INT
P1.2/AD2/INT
P1.3/AD3/INT
P2.0/SCK/SEG1
P2.1/SO/SEG0
P2.2/SI
P2.3
RESET
X IN
XT IN
XOUT
XT OUT
16-Bit
Timer/
Counter1
I/O Port 0
Watchdog
Timer
Basic Timer
Port I/O and Interrupt
Control
I/O Port 1
SAM88RCRI CPU
Watch Timer
LCD
Driver/
Controller
COM0-COM3/P6.3-P6.0
COM4-COM7/
SEG19-SEG16/P5.7-P5.4
SEG0-SEG1/P2.1-P2.0
SEG2-SEG3/P3.1-P3.0
SEG4-SEG11/P4.0-P4.7
I/O Port 2
SEG12-SEG15/P5.0-P5.3
8-Kbyte
ROM
264-Byte
Register
File
P3.0/INTP/SEG3
P3.1/INTP/SEG2
I/O Port 3
P4.0-P4.7/
SEG4-SEG11
I/O Port 4
A/D Converter
I/O Port 5
I/O Port 6
P5.0-P5.3/
SEG12-SEG15
P5.4-P5.7/
SEG16-SEG19/
COM7-COM4
BUZ/P0.3
SIO
P2.0/SCK/SEG1
P2.1/SO/SEG0
P2.2/SI
P1.0-P1.3/AD0-AD3
P6.0-P6.3/COM3-COM0
Figure 1-1. Block Diagram
1-3
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
S3C9228/P9228
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
P0.5
P0.4
P0.3/BUZ/INT
P0.2/INT
P0.1/T1CLK/INT
P0.0/TAOUT/INT
COM0/P6.3
COM1/P6.2
COM2/P6.1
COM3/P6.0
COM4/SEG19/P5.7
PIN ASSIGNMENTS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
S3C9228
(44-QFP)
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
COM5/SEG18/P5.6
COM6/SEG17/P5.5
COM7/SEG16/P5.4
SEG15/P5.3
SEG14/P5.2
SEG13/P5.1
SEG12/P5.0
SEG11/P4.7
SEG10/P4.6
SEG9/P4.5
SEG8/P4.4
RESET
P2.3
P2.2/SI
SEG0/P2.1/SO
SEG1/P2.0/SCK
SEG2/P3.1/INTP
SEG3/P3.0/INTP
SEG4/P4.0
SEG5/P4.1
SEG6/P4.2
SEG7/P4.3
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
P1.0/AD0/INT
P1.1/AD1/INT
P1.2/AD2/INT
P1.3/AD3/INT
VDD
VSS
XOUT
XIN
TEST
XTIN
XTOUT
Figure 1-2. S3C9228 44-QFP Pin Assignments
1-4
S3C9228/P9228
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
(42-SDIP)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
S3C9228
COM1/P6.2
COM0/P6.3
P0.0/TAOUT/INT
P0.1/T1CLK/INT
P0.2/INT
P0.3/BUZ/INT
P1.0/AD0/INT
P1.1/AD1/INT
P1.2/AD2/INT
P1.3/AD3/INT
VDD
VSS
XOUT
XIN
TEST
XTIN
XTOUT
RESET
P2.3
P2.2/SI
SEG0/P2.1/SO
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
COM2/P6.1
COM3/P6.0
COM4/SEG19/P5.7
COM5/SEG18/P5.6
COM6/SEG17/P5.5
COM7/SEG16/P5.4
SEG15/P5.3
SEG14/P5.2
SEG13/P5.1
SEG12/P5.0
SEG11/P4.7
SEG10/P4.6
SEG9/P4.5
SEG8/P4.4
SEG7/P4.3
SEG6/P4.2
SEG5/P4.1
SEG4/P4.0
SEG3/P3.0/INTP
SEG2/P3.1/INTP
SEG1/P2.0/SCK
Figure 1-3. S3C9228 42-SDIP Pin Assignments
1-5
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
S3C9228/P9228
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Table 1-1. Pin Descriptions
Pin Names
Pin
Type
Pin Description
Circuit
Number
Pin
Numbers
Share
Pins
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
I/O
1-bit programmable I/O port. Schmitt
trigger input or push-pull, open-drain
output and software assignable pull-ups.
E-4
39(3)
40(4)
41(5)
42(6)
TAOUT/INT
T1CLK/INT
INT
BUZ/INT
P0.4-P0.5
O
1-bit programmable output port.
C
43-44
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
I/O
1-bit programmable I/O port. Schmitt
trigger input or push-pull, open-drain
output and software assignable pull-ups.
F-16A
1(7)
2(8)
3(9)
4(10)
AD0/INT
AD1/INT
AD2/INT
AD3/INT
P2.0
P2.1
I/O
1-bit programmable I/O port. Schmitt
trigger input or push-pull, open-drain
H-32A
16(22)
15(21)
SCK/SEG1
SO/SEG0
P2.2
P2.3
I/O
output and software assignable pull-ups.
E-4
14(20)
13(19)
SI
–
P3.0
P3.1
I/O
1-bit programmable I/O port. Schmitt
trigger input or push-pull, open-drain
output and software assignable pull-ups.
H-32B
18(24)
17(23)
INTP/SEG3
INTP/SEG2
P4.0–P4.7
I/O
1-bit programmable I/O port. Input or
push-pull, open-drain output and
software assignable pull-ups.
H-32
19-26(25-32)
SEG4-SEG11
P5.0–P5.3
I/O
1-bit programmable I/O port. Input or
push-pull, open-drain output and
H-32
27-30(33-36)
SEG12-SEG15
31-34(37-40)
SEG16-SEG19
/COM7-COM4
35-38
(41-42,1-2)
COM3-COM0
P5.4–P5.7
P6.0-P6.3
software assignable pull-ups.
I/O
1-bit programmable I/O port. Input or
push-pull, open-drain output and
software assignable pull-ups.
NOTE: Parentheses indicate pin number for 42-SDIP-600 package.
1-6
H-32
S3C9228/P9228
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
Table 1-1. Pin Descriptions (Continued)
Pin Names
Pin
Type
Pin Description
Circuit
Number
Pin
Numbers
Share
Pins
–
VDD, VSS
–
Power input pins for internal power block
–
5,6(11,12)
XOUT, XIN
–
Main oscillator pins for main clock
–
7,8(13,14)
XTOUT, XTIN
–
Sub oscillator pins for sub clock
–
11,10(17,16)
–
TEST
–
Chip test input pin
Hold GND when the device is operating
–
9(15)
–
RESET
I
RESET signal input pin. Schmitt trigger
input with internal pull-up resistor.
B
12(18)
–
INT
I/O
External interrupts input.
E-4
F-16A
39-42(3-6)
1-4(7-10)
P0.0-P0.3
P1.0-P1.3
INTP
I/O
Key scan interrupts inputs.
H-32B
17-18(23-24)
P3.1-P3.0
T1CLK
I/O
Timer 1/A external clock input.
E-4
40(4)
P0.1
TAOUT
I/O
Timer 1/A clock output.
E-4
39(3)
P0.0
AD0-AD3
I/O
Analog input pins for A/D converts
module.
F-16A
1-4(7-10)
P1.0-P1.3
BUZ
I/O
Buzzer signal output.
E-4
42(6)
P0.3
SCK
SO
I/O
Serial clock, serial data output, serial data
input
H-32A
16-15(22-21)
P2.0-P2.1
E-4
14(20)
P2.2
H-32A
15-16(21-22)
P2.1-P2.0
SEG2-SEG3
H-32B
17-18(23-24)
P3.1-P3.0
SEG4-SEG19
H-32
19-34(25-40)
P4.0-P4.7
P5.0-P5.7
H-32
38-31
(2-1,42-37)
P6.3-P6.0
P5.7-P5.4
SI
SEG0-SEG1
COM0-COM7
I/O
I/O
LCD segment signal output
LCD common signal output
NOTE: Parentheses indicate pin number for 42-SDIP-600 package.
1-7
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
S3C9228/P9228
PIN CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
VDD
Pull-Up
Resistor
RESET
Noise Filter
Figure 1-4. Pin Circuit Type B
VDD
Data
Output
Output
Disable
VSS
Figure 1-5. Pin Circuit Type C
1-8
S3C9228/P9228
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
VDD
VDD
Pull-up
Resistor
Pull-up
Enable
Open-Drain
I/O
Data
Output
Disable
External
Interrupt
Input
Figure 1-7. Pin Circuit Type E-4
VDD
Pull-up
Resistor
Pull-up Enable
Open-Drain EN
Data
Output Disable
Circuit
Type E
I/O
ADEN
ADSELECT
Data
To ADC
Figure 1-8. Pin Circuit Type F-16A
1-9
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
S3C9228/P9228
VLC1
VLC2
VLC3
SEG/COM
Out
Output
Disable
VLC4
VLC5
VSS
Figure 1-9. Pin Circuit Type H-23
1-10
S3C9228/P9228
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
VDD
Pull-up
Resistor
VDD
Pull-up
Enable
Open-Drain EN
Data
I/O
LCD Out EN
COM/SEG
Output
Disable
Circuit
Type H-23
Figure 1-10. Pin Circuit Type H-32
VDD
VDD
Pull-up
Resistor
Pull-up
Enable
Open-Drain EN
Data
I/O
LCD Out EN
COM/SEG
Output
Disable
Circuit
Type H-23
Figure 1-11. Pin Circuit Type H-32A
1-11
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
S3C9228/P9228
VDD
VDD
Pull-up
Resistor
Pull-up
Enable
Open-Drain EN
Data
I/O
Port
Enable
(LMOD.5)
LCD Out EN
COM/SEG
Output
Disable
Circuit
Type H-23
Figure 1-12. Pin Circuit Type H-32B
1-12
S3C9228/P9228
2
ADDRESS SPACES
ADDRESS SPACES
OVERVIEW
The S3C9228/P9228 microcontroller has three kinds of address space:
— Program memory (ROM)
— Internal register file
— LCD display register file
A 16-bit address bus supports program memory operations. Special instructions and related internal logic
determine when the 16-bit bus carries addresses for program memory. A separate 8-bit register bus carries
addresses and data between the CPU and the internal register file.
The S3C9228 has 8K bytes of mask-programmable program memory on-chip. The S3C9228/P9228
microcontroller has 244 bytes general-purpose registers in its internal register file and the 20 bytes for LCD
display memory is implemented in the internal register file too. Fifty-six bytes in the register file are mapped for
system and peripheral control functions.
2-1
ADDRESS SPACES
S3C9228/P9228
PROGRAM MEMORY (ROM)
Program memory (ROM) stores program code or table data. The S3C9228 has 8K bytes of mask-programable
program memory. The program memory address range is therefore 0H-1FFFH. The first 2 bytes of the ROM
(0000H–0001H) are an interrupt vector address. The program reset address in the ROM is 0100H.
(Decimal)
8,192
(Hex)
1FFFH
8K bytes
Internal
Program
Memory
Area
256
Program Start
2
1
0
0100H
0002H
Interrupt
Vector
0001H
0000H
Figure 2-1. S3C9228/P9228 Program Memory Address Space
2-2
S3C9228/P9228
ADDRESS SPACES
REGISTER ARCHITECTURE
The upper 72 bytes of the S3C9228/P9228's internal register file are addressed as working registers, system
control registers and peripheral control registers. The lower 184 bytes of internal register file (00H–B7H) is called
the general purpose register space.
For many SAM88RCRI microcontrollers, the addressable area of the internal register file is further expanded by
the additional of one or more register pages at general purpose register space (00H–BFH). This register file
expansion is implemented by page 1 in the S3C9228/P9228. The page 1 (20 × 8 bits) is for LCD display register
and can be used as general-purpose registers.
FFH
Peripheral Control
Registers
72 Bytes of
Common Area
E0H
DFH
System Control
Registers
D0H
CFH
Working Registers
C0H
BFH
Peripheral Control
Registers
B8H
B7H
General Purpose
Register File
and Stack Area
184 Bytes
~
3FH
64 Bytes
General Purpose
Register File
13H
LCD Display
Registers
00H
00H
(Page 0)
(Page 1)
Figure 2-2. Internal Register File Organization
2-3
ADDRESS SPACES
S3C9228/P9228
COMMON WORKING REGISTER AREA (C0H–CFH)
The SAM88RCRI register architecture provides an efficient method of working register addressing that takes full
advantage of shorter instruction formats to reduce execution time.
This16-byte address range is called common area. That is, locations in this area can be used as working registers
by operations that address any location on any page in the register file. Typically, these working registers serve
as temporary buffers for data operations between different pages.
The Register (R) addressing mode can be used to access this area
Registers are addressed either as a single 8-bit register or as a paired 16-bit register. In 16-bit register pairs, the
address of the first 8-bit register is always an even number and the address of the next register is an odd number.
The most significant byte of the 16-bit data is always stored in the even-numbered register; the least significant
byte is always stored in the next (+ 1) odd-numbered register.
MSB
LSB
Rn
Rn + 1
n = Even address
Figure 2-3. 16-Bit Register Pairs
+ PROGRAMMING TIP — Addressing the Common Working Register Area
As the following examples show, you should access working registers in the common area, locations C0H–CFH,
using working register addressing mode only.
Examples:
1. LD
0C2H,40H
; Invalid addressing mode!
Use working register addressing instead:
LD
2. ADD
R2,40H
; R2 (C2H) ← the value in location 40H
0C3H,#45H
; Invalid addressing mode!
Use working register addressing instead:
ADD R3,#45H
2-4
; R3 (C3H) ← R3 + 45H
S3C9228/P9228
ADDRESS SPACES
SYSTEM STACK
S3C9-series microcontrollers use the system stack for subroutine calls and returns and to store data. The PUSH
and POP instructions are used to control system stack operations. The S3C9228/P9228 architecture supports
stack operations in the internal register file.
STACK OPERATIONS
Return addresses for procedure calls and interrupts and data are stored on the stack. The contents of the PC are
saved to stack by a CALL instruction and restored by the RET instruction. When an interrupt occurs, the contents
of the PC and the FLAGS register are pushed to the stack. The IRET instruction then pops these values back to
their original locations. The stack address is always decremented before a push operation and incremented after
a pop operation. The stack pointer (SP) always points to the stack frame stored on the top of the stack, as shown
in Figure 2-4.
High Address
PCL
PCL
Top of
stack
PCH
PCH
Top of
stack
Stack contents
after a call
instruction
Low Address
Flags
Stack contents
after an
interrupt
Figure 2-4. Stack Operations
STACK POINTER (SP)
Register location D9H contains the 8-bit stack pointer (SP) that is used for system stack operations. After a reset,
the SP value is undetermined.
Because only internal memory space is implemented in the S3C9228/P9228, the SP must be initialized to an 8bit value in the range 00H–B7H.
NOTE
In case a Stack Pointer is initialized to 00H, it is decreased to FFH when stack operation starts. This
means that a Stack Pointer access invalid stack area.
2-5
ADDRESS SPACES
S3C9228/P9228
+ PROGRAMMING TIP — Standard Stack Operations Using PUSH and POP
The following example shows you how to perform stack operations in the internal register file using PUSH and
POP instructions:
LD
SP,#0B8H
; SP ← B8H (Normally, the SP is set to 0B8H by the
; initialization routine)
SYM
WTCON
20H
R3
;
;
;
;
Stack address 0B7H ←
Stack address 0B6H ←
Stack address 0B5H ←
Stack address 0B4H ←
R3
20H
WTCON
SYM
;
;
;
;
R3 ← Stack address 0B4H
20H ← Stack address 0B5H
WTCON ← Stack address 0B6H
SYM ← Stack address 0B7H
•
•
•
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
•
•
•
POP
POP
POP
POP
2-6
SYM
WTCON
20H
R3
S3C9228/P9228
3
ADDRESSING MODES
ADDRESSING MODES
OVERVIEW
Instructions that are stored in program memory are fetched for execution using the program counter. Instructions
indicate the operation to be performed and the data to be operated on. Addressing mode is the method used to
determine the location of the data operand. The operands specified in SAM88RCRI instructions may be condition
codes, immediate data, or a location in the register file, program memory, or data memory.
The SAM88RCRI instruction set supports six explicit addressing modes. Not all of these addressing modes are
available for each instruction. The addressing modes and their symbols are as follows:
— Register (R)
— Indirect Register (IR)
— Indexed (X)
— Direct Address (DA)
— Relative Address (RA)
— Immediate (IM)
3-1
ADDRESSING MODES
S3C9228/P9228
REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE (R)
In Register addressing mode, the operand is the content of a specified register (see Figure 3-1). Working register
addressing differs from Register addressing because it uses a 16-byte working register space in the register file
and a 4-bit register within that space (see Figure 3-2).
Program Memory
8-bit Register
File Address
dst
OPCODE
One-Operand
Instruction
(Example)
Register File
OPERAND
Point to One
Rigister in Register
File
Value used in
Instruction Execution
Sample Instruction:
DEC
CNTR
;
Where CNTR is the label of an 8-bit register address
Figure 3-1. Register Addressing
Register File
CFH
.
.
.
.
Program Memory
4-Bit
Working Register
dst
src
OPCODE
Two-Operand
Instruction
(Example)
4 LSBs
OPERAND
Point to the
Woking Register
(1 of 16)
Sample Instruction:
ADD
R1, R2
;
Where R1 = C1H and R2 = C2H
Figure 3-2. Working Register Addressing
3-2
C0H
S3C9228/P9228
ADDRESSING MODES
INDIRECT REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE (IR)
In Indirect Register (IR) addressing mode, the content of the specified register or register pair is the address of
the operand. Depending on the instruction used, the actual address may point to a register in the register file, to
program memory (ROM), or to an external memory space (see Figures 3-3 through 3-6).
You can use any 8-bit register to indirectly address another register. Any 16-bit register pair can be used to
indirectly address another memory location.
Program Memory
8-Bit Register
File Address
dst
OPCODE
One-Operand
Instruction
(Example)
Register File
Point to One
Rigister in Register
File
ADDRESS
Address of Operand
used by Instruction
Value used in
Instruction Execution
OPERAND
Sample Instruction:
RL
@SHIFT
;
Where SHIFT is the label of an 8-Bit register address
Figure 3-3. Indirect Register Addressing to Register File
3-3
ADDRESSING MODES
S3C9228/P9228
INDIRECT REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE (Continued)
Register File
Program Memory
Example
Instruction
References
Program
Memory
dst
OPCODE
REGISTER
PAIR
Points to
Rigister Pair
Program Memory
Sample Instructions:
CALL
JP
@RR2
@RR2
Value used in
Instruction
OPERAND
Figure 3-4. Indirect Register Addressing to Program Memory
3-4
16-Bit
Address
Points to
Program
Memory
S3C9228/P9228
ADDRESSING MODES
INDIRECT REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE (Continued)
Register File
CFH
Program Memory
4-Bit
Working
Register
Address
dst
OPCODE
Sample Instruction:
OR
src
R6, @R2
4 LSBs
.
.
.
.
OPERAND
Point to the
Woking Register
(1 of 16)
Value used in
Instruction
C0H
OPERAND
Figure 3-5. Indirect Working Register Addressing to Register File
3-5
ADDRESSING MODES
S3C9228/P9228
INDIRECT REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE (Concluded)
Register File
CFH
.
.
.
.
Program Memory
4-Bit Working
Register Address
Example Instruction
References either
Program Memory or
Data Memory
dst
src
OPCODE
Next 3 Bits Point
to Working
Register Pair
(1 of 8)
LSB Selects
Value used in
Instruction
Register
Pair
C0H
Program Memory
or
Data Memory
16-Bit
address
points to
program
memory
or data
memory
OPERAND
Sample Instructions:
LCD
LDE
LDE
R5,@RR6
R3,@RR14
@RR4, R8
; Program memory access
; External data memory access
; External data memory access
Figure 3-6. Indirect Working Register Addressing to Program or Data Memory
3-6
S3C9228/P9228
ADDRESSING MODES
INDEXED ADDRESSING MODE (X)
Indexed (X) addressing mode adds an offset value to a base address during instruction execution in order to
calculate the effective operand address (see Figure 3-7). You can use Indexed addressing mode to access
locations in the internal register file or in external memory.
In short offset Indexed addressing mode, the 8-bit displacement is treated as a signed integer in the range of
–128 to +127. This applies to external memory accesses only (see Figure 3-8).
For register file addressing, an 8-bit base address provided by the instruction is added to an 8-bit offset contained
in a working register. For external memory accesses, the base address is stored in the working register pair
designated in the instruction. The 8-bit or 16-bit offset given in the instruction is then added to the base address
(see Figure 3-9).
The only instruction that supports Indexed addressing mode for the internal register file is the Load instruction
(LD). The LDC and LDE instructions support Indexed addressing mode for internal program memory, external
program memory, and for external data memory, when implemented.
Register File
~
Value used in
Instruction
+
Program Memory
Two-Operand
Instruction
Example
Base Address
dst
src
OPCODE
4 LSBs
Point to One of the
Woking Register
(1 of 16)
~
OPERAND
~
~
INDEX
Sample Instruction:
LD
R0, #BASE[R1]
;
Where BASE is an 8-bit immediate value
Figure 3-7. Indexed Addressing to Register File
3-7
ADDRESSING MODES
S3C9228/P9228
INDEXED ADDRESSING MODE (Continued)
Register File
Program Memory
4-Bit Working
Register Address
XS (OFFSET)
dst
src
OPCODE
NEXT 3 Bits
Point to Working
Register Pair
(1 of 8)
Register
Pair
16-Bit
address
added to
offset
LSB Selects
+
8-Bits
16-Bits
Program Memory
or
Data Memory
16-Bits
OPERAND
Value used in
Instruction
Sample Instructions:
LDC
R4, #04H[RR2]
LDE
R4,#04H[RR2]
; The values in the program address (RR2 + #04H)
are loaded into register R4.
; Identical operation to LDC example, except that
external program memory is accessed.
Figure 3-8. Indexed Addressing to Program or Data Memory with Short Offset
3-8
S3C9228/P9228
ADDRESSING MODES
INDEXED ADDRESSING MODE (Concluded)
Program Memory
4-Bit Working
Register Address
XLH (OFFSET)
XLL (OFFSET)
dst
src
OPCODE
Register File
NEXT 3 Bits
Register
Pair
Point to Working
Register Pair
(1 of 8)
16-Bit
address
added to
offset
LSB Selects
+
8-Bits
16-Bits
Program Memory
or
Data Memory
16-Bits
OPERAND
Value used in
Instruction
Sample Instructions:
LDC
R4, #1000H[RR2]
#1000H)
LDE
R4, #1000H[RR2]
; The values in the program address (RR2 +
are loaded into register R4.
; Identical operation to LDC example, except that
external program memory is accessed.
Figure 3-9. Indexed Addressing to Program or Data Memory with Long Offset
3-9
ADDRESSING MODES
S3C9228/P9228
DIRECT ADDRESS MODE (DA)
In Direct Address (DA) mode, the instruction provides the operand's 16-bit memory address. Jump (JP) and Call
(CALL) instructions use this addressing mode to specify the 16-bit destination address that is loaded into the PC
whenever a JP or CALL instruction is executed.
The LDC and LDE instructions can use Direct Address mode to specify the source or destination address for
Load operations to program memory (LDC) or to external data memory (LDE), if implemented.
Program or
Data Memory
Program Memory
Memory
Address
Used
Upper Address Byte
Lower Address Byte
dst/src
"0" or "1"
OPCODE
LSB Selects Program
Memory or Data Memory:
"0" = Program Memory
"1" = Data Memory
Sample Instructions:
LDC
R5,1234H
;
LDE
R5,1234H
;
The values in the program address (1234H)
are loaded into register R5.
Identical operation to LDC example, except that
external program memory is accessed.
Figure 3-10. Direct Addressing for Load Instructions
3-10
S3C9228/P9228
ADDRESSING MODES
DIRECT ADDRESS MODE (Continued)
Program Memory
Next OPCODE
Program
Memory
Address
Used
Lower Address Byte
Upper Address Byte
OPCODE
Sample Instructions:
JP
CALL
C,JOB1
DISPLAY
;
;
Where JOB1 is a 16-bit immediate address
Where DISPLAY is a 16-bit immediate address
Figure 3-11. Direct Addressing for Call and Jump Instructions
3-11
ADDRESSING MODES
S3C9228/P9228
RELATIVE ADDRESS MODE (RA)
In Relative Address (RA) mode, a two's-complement signed displacement between – 128 and + 127 is specified
in the instruction. The displacement value is then added to the current PC value. The result is the address of the
next instruction to be executed. Before this addition occurs, the PC contains the address of the instruction
immediately following the current instruction.
The instructions that support RA addressing is JR.
Program Memory
Next OPCODE
Program Memory
Address Used
Current
PC Value
Displacement
OPCODE
Current Instruction
+
Signed
Displacement Value
Sample Instructions:
JR
ULT,$ + OFFSET
;
Where OFFSET is a value in the range + 127 to - 128
Figure 3-12. Relative Addressing
IMMEDIATE MODE (IM)
In Immediate (IM) addressing mode, the operand value used in the instruction is the value supplied in the
operand field itself. Immediate addressing mode is useful for loading constant values into registers.
Program Memory
OPERAND
OPCODE
(The Operand value is in the instruction)
Sample Instruction:
LD
R0,#0AAH
Figure 3-13. Immediate Addressing
3-12
S3C9228/P9228
4
CONTROL REGISTERS
CONTROL REGISTERS
OVERVIEW
In this section, detailed descriptions of the S3C9228/P9228 control registers are presented in an easy-to-read
format. These descriptions will help familiarize you with the mapped locations in the register file. You can also
use them as a quick-reference source when writing application programs.
System and peripheral registers are summarized in Table 4-1. Figure 4-1 illustrates the important features of the
standard register description format.
Control register descriptions are arranged in alphabetical order according to register mnemonic. More information
about control registers is presented in the context of the various peripheral hardware descriptions in Part II of this
manual.
4-1
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
Table 4-1. System and Peripheral Control Registers (Page 0)
Register Name
Mnemonic
Address (Page 0)
Decimal
Hex
R/W
Port 0 Control Register
P0CON
235
EBH
R/W
Port 0 Pull-up Resistor Enable Register
P0PUR
236
ECH
R/W
Port 0 Interrupt Control Register
P0INT
237
EDH
R/W
P0EDGE
238
EEH
R/W
Port 1 Control Register
P1CON
239
EFH
R/W
Port 1 Pull-up Resistor Enable Register
P1PUR
240
F0H
R/W
Port 1 Interrupt Control Register
P1INT
241
F1H
R/W
P1EDGE
242
F2H
R/W
Port 2 Control Register
P2CON
243
F3H
R/W
Port 2 Pull-up Resistor Enable Register
P2PUR
244
F4H
R/W
Port 3 Control Register
P3CON
245
F5H
R/W
Port 3 Pull-up Resistor Enable Register
P3PUR
246
F6H
R/W
Port 3 Interrupt Control Register
P3INT
247
F7H
R/W
Port 3 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
P3EDGE
248
F8H
R/W
Port 4 Control Register (High Byte)
P4CONH
249
F9H
R/W
Port 4 Control Register (Low Byte)
P4CONL
250
FAH
R/W
Port 5 Control Register (High Byte)
P5CONH
251
FBH
R/W
Port 5 Control Register (Low Byte)
P5CONL
252
FCH
R/W
Port 6 Control Register
P6CON
253
FDH
R/W
LCD Mode Register
LMOD
254
FEH
R/W
Port 0 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
Port 1 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
Location FFH is not mapped.
4-2
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
Table 4-1. System and Peripheral Control Registers (Page 0)
Register Name
Mnemonic
Address (Page 0)
Decimal
R/W
Hex
Locations D8H-B9H are not mapped.
Timer B Control Register
TBCON
202
BAH
R/W
Timer 1/A Control Register
TACON
203
BBH
R/W
Timer B Data Register
TBDATA
204
BCH
R/W
Timer A Data Register
TADATA
205
BDH
R/W
Timer B Counter
TBCNT
206
BEH
R
Timer A Counter
TACNT
207
BFH
R
A/D Converter Control Register
ADCON
208
D0H
R/W
A/D Converter Data Register (High Byte)
ADDATAH
209
D1H
R/W
A/D Converter Data Register (Low Byte)
ADDATAL
210
D2H
R/W
Oscillator Control Register
OSCCON
211
D3H
R/W
System Clock Control Register
CLKCON
212
D4H
R/W
FLAGS
213
D5H
R/W
Interrupt Pending Register 1
INTPND1
214
D6H
R/W
Interrupt Pending Register 2
INTPND2
215
D7H
R/W
LPOT
216
D8H
R/W
SP
217
D9H
R/W
WTCON
218
DAH
R/W
System Flags Register
LCD Port Control Register
Stack Pointer
Watch Timer Control Register
Location DBH is not mapped.
Basic Timer Control Register
BTCON
220
DCH
R/W
Basic Timer Counter
BTCNT
221
DDH
R
Location DEH is not mapped.
System Mode Register
SYM
223
DFH
R/W
STOP Control Register
STPCON
224
E0H
R/W
SIO Control Register
SIOCON
225
E1H
R/W
SIO Data Register
SIODATA
226
E2H
R/W
SIOPS
227
E3H
R/W
Port 0 Data Register
P0
228
E4H
R/W
Port 1 Data Register
P1
229
E5H
R/W
Port 2 Data Register
P2
230
E6H
R/W
Port 3 Data Register
P3
231
E7H
R/W
Port 4 Data Register
P4
232
E8H
R/W
Port 5 Data Register
P5
233
E9H
R/W
Port 6 Data Register
P6
234
EAH
R/W
SIO Prescaler Register
4-3
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
Bit number(s) that is/are appended to the
register name for bit addressing
Name of individual
Register
bit or bit function
Full Register name
mnemonic
Register address
(hexadecimal)
D5H
FLAGS - System Flags Register
Bit Identifier
RESET Value
Read/Write
.7
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
x
R/W
x
R/W
x
R/W
x
R/W
x
R/W
x
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
Carry Flag (C)
.6
0
Operation dose not generate a carry or borrow condition
1
Operation generates carry-out or borrow into high-order bit7
Zero Flag
.5
0
Operation result is a non-zero value
1
Operation result is zero
Sign Flag
0
Operation generates positive number (MSB = "0")
1
Operation generates negative number (MSB = "1")
R = Read-only
W = Write-only
R/W = Read/write
' - ' = Not used
Addressing mode or
modes you can use to
modify register values
Description of the
effect of specific
bit settings
RESET value notation:
'-' = Not used
'x' = Undetermind value
'0' = Logic zero
'1' = Logic one
Figure 4-1. Register Description Format
4-4
Bit number:
MSB = Bit 7
LSB = Bit 0
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
ADCON — A/D Converter Control Register
D0H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.6
Not used for the S3C9228/P9228
.5-.4
A/D Input Pin Selection Bits
.3
.2-.1
.0
0
0
AD0 (P1.0)
0
1
AD1 (P1.1)
1
0
AD2 (P1.2)
1
1
AD3 (P1.3)
End of Conversion Bit (Read-only)
0
Conversion not complete
1
Conversion complete
Clock Source Selection Bits
0
0
fxx/16
0
1
fxx/8
1
0
fxx/4
1
1
fxx
Start or Enable Bit
0
Disable operation
1
Start operation (automatically disable operation after conversion complete)
4-5
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
BTCON — Basic Timer Control Register
DCH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.4
Watchdog Timer Enable Bits
1
0
1
0
Any other value
.3-.2
.1
.0
Disable watchdog function
Enable watchdog function
Basic Timer Input Clock Selection Bits
0
0
fxx/4096
0
1
fxx/1024
1
0
fxx/128
1
1
fxx/16
Basic Timer Counter Clear Bit (1)
0
No effect
1
Clear the basic timer counter value (BTCNT)
Clock Frequency Divider Clear Bit for Basic Timer and Timer/Counters (2)
0
No effect
1
Clear clock frequency dividers
NOTES
1. When "1" is written to BTCON.1, the basic timer counter value is cleared to "00H". Immediately following the write
operation, the BTCON.1 value is automatically cleared to "0".
2. When "1" is written to BTCON.0, the corresponding frequency divider is cleared to "00H". Immediately following the
write operation, the BTCON.0 value is automatically cleared to "0".
4-6
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
CLKCON — System Clock Control Register
D4H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7
.6-.5
Oscillator IRQ Wake-up Function Bit
0
Enable IRQ for main or sub oscillator wake-up in power down mode
1
Disable IRQ for main or sub oscillator wake-up in power down mode
Bits 6-5
0
.4-.3
.2-.0
Always logic zero
CPU Clock (System Clock) Selection Bits
0
0
Divide by 16 (fxx/16)
0
1
Divide by 8 (fxx /8)
1
0
Divide by 2 (fxx /2)
1
1
Non-divided clock (fxx)
Bits 2-0
0
Always logic zero
4-7
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
FLAGS — System Flags Register
D5H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
x
x
x
x
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
–
–
–
–
Read/Write
.7
Carry Flag (C)
0
.6
.5
.4
.3-.0
4-8
Operation does not generate a carry or borrow condition
Zero Flag (Z)
0
Operation result is a non-zero value
1
Operation result is zero
Sign Flag (S)
0
Operation generates a positive number (MSB = "0")
1
Operation generates a negative number (MSB = "1")
Overflow Flag (V)
0
Operation result is ≤ +127 or ≥ –128
1
Operation result is ≥ +127 or ≤ –128
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
INTPND1 — Interrupt Pending Register 1
D6H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
P1.3's Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
P1.2's Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
P1.1's Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
P1.0's Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
P0.3's Interrupt Pending Bit
0 No interrupt pending (when read), Clear pending bit (when write)
1
.2
P0.2's Interrupt Pending Bit
0 No interrupt pending (when read), Clear pending bit (when write)
1
.1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
P0.1's Interrupt Pending Bit
0 No interrupt pending (when read), Clear pending bit (when write)
1
.0
Interrupt is pending (when read)
Interrupt is pending (when read)
P0.0's Interrupt Pending Bit
0 No interrupt pending (when read), Clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
NOTE: Refer to Page 5-6 to clear any pending bits.
4-9
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
INTPND2 — Interrupt Pending Register 2
D7H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.6
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.5
P3.1 (INTP) Interrupt Pending Bit
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
0
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
P3.0 (INTP) Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
Watch Timer Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), Clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
SIO Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), Clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
Timer B Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), Clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
Timer 1/A Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), Clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
NOTE: Refer to Page 5-6 to clear any pending bits.
4-10
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
LMOD — LCD Mode Control Register
FEH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.6
COM Pins High Impedance Control Bit
.5
.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
0
Normal COMs signal output
1
COM pins are at high impedance
Port3 High Impedance Control Bit
0
Normal I/O
1
High impedance input
LCD Display Control Bit
0
Display off (cut off the LCD voltage dividing resistors)
1
Normal display on
LCD Duty and Bias Selection Bits
0
0
1/3 duty, 1/3 bias; COM0–COM2/SEG0–SEG19
0
1
1/4 duty, 1/3 bias; COM0–COM3/SEG0–SEG19
1
0
1/8 duty, 1/4 bias; COM0–COM7/SEG0–SEG15
1
1
1/8 duty, 1/5 bias; COM0–COM7/SEG0–SEG15
LCD Clock Selection Bits
0
0
fw/27 (256 Hz when fw is 32.768 kHz)
0
1
fw/26 (512 Hz when fw is 32.768 kHz)
1
0
fw/25 (1,024 Hz when fw is 32.768 kHz)
1
1
fw/24 (2,048 Hz when fw is 32.768 kHz)
4-11
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
LPOT — LCD Port Control Register
D8H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.6-.4
SEG4-SEG19 and COM0-COM3 Selection Bit
.3
.2
.1
.0
SEG4-7
SEG8-11
SEG12-15
SEG16-19/
COM7-COM4
COM0-3
P4.0-P4.3
P4.4-P4.7
P5.0-P5.3
P5.4-P5.7
P6.0-P6.3
0
0
0
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG/COM
COM
0
0
1
Port
SEG
SEG
SEG/COM
COM
0
1
0
Port
Port
SEG
SEG/COM
COM
0
1
1
Port
Port
Port
SEG/COM
COM
1
0
0
Port
Port
Port
Port
COM
1
0
1
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
SEG3/P3.0 Selection Bit
0
SEG port
1
Normal I/O port
SEG2/P3.1 Selection Bit
0
SEG port
1
Normal I/O port
SEG1/P2.0 Selection Bit
0
SEG port
1
Normal I/O port
SEG0/P2.1 Selection Bit
0
SEG port
1
Normal I/O port
NOTE: SEG16-SEG19 are shared with COM4-COM7.
4-12
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
OSCCON — Oscillator Control Register
D3H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
–
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
–
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
Main Oscillator Control Bit
.2
0
Main oscillator RUN
1
Main oscillator STOP
Sub Oscillator Control Bit
0
Sub oscillator RUN
1
Sub oscillator STOP
.1
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.0
System Clock Selection Bit
0
Select main oscillator for system clock
1
Select sub oscillator for system clock
4-13
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P0CON – Port 0 Control Register
EBH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
4-14
P0.3/BUZ/INT Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Alternative function (BUZ output)
P0.2/INT Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Not available
P0.1/T1CLK/INT Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input (T1CLK input)
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Not available
P0.0/TAOUT/INT Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Alternative function (TAOUT output)
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P0INT –Port 0 Interrupt Enable Register
EDH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
P0.3's Interrupt Enable Bit
.2
.1
.0
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
P0.2's Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
P0.1's Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
P0.0's Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
4-15
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P0PUR –Port 0 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register
ECH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
P0.3's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
.2
.1
.0
4-16
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P0.2's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P0.1's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P0.0's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P0EDGE –Port 0 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
EEH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
P0.3's Interrupt Edge Setting Bit
.2
.1
.0
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
P0.2's Interrupt State Setting Bit
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
P0.1's Interrupt State Setting Bit
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
P0.0's Interrupt State Setting Bit
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
4-17
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P1CON – Port 1 Control Register
EFH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
4-18
P1.3/AD3/INT Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Alternative function (ADC mode)
P1.2/AD2/INT Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Alternative function (ADC mode)
P1.1/AD1/INT Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Alternative function (ADC mode)
P1.0/AD0/INT Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Alternative function (ADC mode)
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P1INT –Port 1 Interrupt Enable Register
F1H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
P1.3's Interrupt Enable Bit
.2
.1
.0
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
P1.2's Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
P1.1's Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
P1.0's Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
4-19
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P1PUR –Port 1 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register
F0H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
P1.3's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
.2
.1
.0
4-20
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P1.2's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P1.1's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P1.0's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P1EDGE –Port 1 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
F2H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
P1.3's Interrupt Edge Setting Bit
.2
.1
.0
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
P1.2's Interrupt State Setting Bit
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
P1.1's Interrupt State Setting Bit
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
P1.0's Interrupt State Setting Bit
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
4-21
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P2CON – Port 2 Control Register
F3H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
4-22
P2.3 Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Not available
P2.2/SI Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input (SI)
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Not available
P2.1/SO Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Alternative function (SO out)
P2.0/SCK Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input (SCK in)
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Alternative function (SCK out)
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P2PUR –Port 2 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register
F4H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
P2.3's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
.2
.1
.0
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P2.2's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P2.1's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P2.0's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
4-23
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P3CON – Port 3 Control Register
F5H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3-.2
P3.1/SEG2/INTP Configuration Bits
.1-.0
4-24
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Not available
P3.0/SEG3/INTP Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Not available
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P3INT –Port 3 Interrupt Enable Register
F7H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
–
–
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
.7-.2
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.1
P3.1's Interrupt Enable Bit
.0
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
P3.0's Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
4-25
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P3PUR –Port 3 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register
F6H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
–
–
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
.7-.2
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.1
P3.1's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
.0
4-26
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P3.0's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P3EDGE –Port 3 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
F8H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
–
–
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.1
P3.1's Interrupt State Setting Bit
.0
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
P3.0's Interrupt State Setting Bit
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
4-27
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P4CONH – Port 4 Control Register High Byte
F9H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
4-28
P4.7/SEG11 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P4.6/SEG10 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P4.5/SEG9 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P4.4/SEG8 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P4CONL–Port 4 Control Register Low Byte
FAH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
P4.3/SEG7 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P4.2/SEG6 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P4.1/SEG5 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P4.0/SEG4 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
4-29
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P5CONH – Port 5 Control Register High Byte
FBH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
4-30
P5.7/SEG19/COM4 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P5.6/SEG18/COM5 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P5.5/SEG17/COM6 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P5.4/SEG16/COM7 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P5CONL – Port 5 Control Register Low Byte
FCH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
P5.3/SEG15 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P5.2/SEG14 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P5.1/SEG13 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P5.0/SEG12 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
4-31
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P6CON – Port 6 Control Register High Byte
FDH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
4-32
P6.3/COM0 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P6.2/COM1 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P6.1/COM2 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P6.0/COM3 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
SIOCON — SIO Control Register
E1H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
–
Read/Write
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
SIO Shift Clock Selection Bit
0
Internal clock (P.S clock)
1
External clock (SCK)
Data Direction Control Bit
0
MSB-first mode
1
LSB-first mode
SIO Mode Selection Bit
0
Receive-only mode
1
Transmit/receive mode
Shift Clock Edge Selection Bit
0
Tx at falling edges, Rx at rising edges
1
Tx at rising edges, Rx at falling edges
SIO Counter Clear and Shift Start Bit
0
No action
1
Clear 3-bit counter and start shifting
SIO Shift Operation Enable Bit
0
Disable shifter and clock counter
1
Enable shifter and clock counter
SIO Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable SIO interrupt
1
Enable SIO interrupt
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
4-33
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
STPCON – Stop Control Register
E0H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7
Stop Control Bits
1
0
1
0
0
Other values
1
0
1
Enable Stop instruction
Disable Stop instruction
NOTE: Before executing the STOP instruction, the STPCON register must be set to "10100101B". Otherwise the STOP
instruction will not execute.
4-34
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
SYM — System Mode Register
DFH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
Global Interrupt Enable Bit
.2-.0
0
Global interrupt processing disable (DI instruction)
1
Global interrupt processing enable (EI instruction)
Page Selection Bits
0
0
0
Page 0
0
0
1
Page 1
Other values
Not available
4-35
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
TACON — Timer 1/A Control Register
BBH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
–
Read/Write
.7
.6-.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
Timer 1 Mode Selection Bit
0
Two 8-bit timers mode (Timer A/B)
1
One 16-bit timer mode (Timer 1)
Timer 1/A Clock Selection Bits
0
0
0
fxx/512
0
0
1
fxx/256
0
1
0
fxx/64
0
1
1
fxx/8
1
0
0
fxx (system clock)
1
0
1
fxt (sub clock)
1
1
0
T1CLK (external clock)
1
1
1
Not available
Timer 1/A Counter Clear Bit
0
No effect
1
Clear the timer 1/A counter (when write)
Timer 1/A Counter Enable Bit
0
Disable counting operation
1
Enable counting operation
Timer 1/A Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
Bit 0
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
4-36
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
TBCON — Timer B Control Register
BAH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
–
Read/Write
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
–
.7
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.6-.4
Timer B Clock Selection Bits
.3
.2
.1
.0
0
0
0
fxx/512
0
0
1
fxx/256
0
1
0
fxx/64
0
1
1
fxx/8
1
0
0
fxx (system clock)
1
0
1
fxt (sub clock)
Timer B Counter Clear Bit
0
No effect
1
Clear the timer B counter (when write)
Timer B Counter Enable Bit
0
Disable counting operation
1
Enable counting operation
Timer B Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
4-37
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
WTCON — Watch Timer Control Register
DAH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
–
Read/Write
.7
.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1
.0
4-38
Watch Timer Clock Selection Bit
0
Select main clock divided by 27 (fx/128)
1
Select sub clock (fxt)
Watch Timer Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable watch timer interrupt
1
Enable watch timer interrupt
Buzzer Signal Selection Bits
0
0
0.5 kHz
0
1
1 kHz
1
0
2 kHz
1
1
4 kHz
Watch Timer Speed Selection Bits
0
0
Set watch timer interrupt to 1s
0
1
Set watch timer interrupt to 0.5s
1
0
Set watch timer interrupt to 0.25s
1
1
Set watch timer interrupt to 3.91ms
Watch Timer Enable Bit
0
Disable watch timer; Clear frequency dividing circuits
1
Enable watch timer
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
S3C9228/P9228
5
INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
OVERVIEW
The SAM88RCRI interrupt structure has two basic components: a vector, and sources. The number of interrupt
sources can be serviced through a interrupt vector which is assigned in ROM address 0000H–0001H.
VECTOR
SOURCES
S1
0000H
0001H
S2
S3
Sn
NOTES:
1. The SAM88RCRI interrupt has only one vector address (0000H-0001H).
2. The number of Sn value is expandable.
Figure 5-1. S3C9-Series Interrupt Type
INTERRUPT PROCESSING CONTROL POINTS
Interrupt processing can be controlled in two ways: globally, or by specific interrupt level and source. The systemlevel control points in the interrupt structure are therefore:
— Global interrupt enable and disable (by EI and DI instructions)
— Interrupt source enable and disable settings in the corresponding peripheral control register(s)
ENABLE/DISABLE INTERRUPT INSTRUCTIONS (EI, DI)
The system mode register, SYM (DFH), is used to enable and disable interrupt processing.
SYM.3 is the enable and disable bit for global interrupt processing, which you can set by modifying SYM.3. An
Enable Interrupt (EI) instruction must be included in the initialization routine that follows a reset operation in order
to enable interrupt processing. Although you can manipulate SYM.3 directly to enable and disable interrupts
during normal operation, we recommend that you use the EI and DI instructions for this purpose.
5-1
INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
S3C9228/P9228
INTERRUPT PENDING FUNCTION TYPES
When the interrupt service routine has executed, the application program's service routine must clear the
appropriate pending bit before the return from interrupt subroutine (IRET) occurs.
INTERRUPT PRIORITY
Because there is not a interrupt priority register in SAM87RCRI, the order of service is determined by a sequence
of source which is executed in interrupt service routine.
"EI" Instruction
Execution
S
RESET
R
Source
Interrupts
Source
Interrupt
Enable
Q
Interrupt Pending
Register
Interrpt priority
is determind by
software polling
method
Global Interrupt
Control (EI, Di instruction)
Figure 5-2. Interrupt Function Diagram
5-2
Vector
Interrupt
Cycle
S3C9228/P9228
INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
INTERRUPT SOURCE SERVICE SEQUENCE
The interrupt request polling and servicing sequence is as follows:
1. A source generates an interrupt request by setting the interrupt request pending bit to "1".
2. The CPU generates an interrupt acknowledge signal.
3. The service routine starts and the source's pending flag is cleared to "0" by software.
4. Interrupt priority must be determined by software polling method.
INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINES
Before an interrupt request can be serviced, the following conditions must be met:
— Interrupt processing must be enabled (EI, SYM.3 = "1")
— Interrupt must be enabled at the interrupt's source (peripheral control register)
If all of the above conditions are met, the interrupt request is acknowledged at the end of the instruction cycle.
The CPU then initiates an interrupt machine cycle that completes the following processing sequence:
1. Reset (clear to "0") the global interrupt enable bit in the SYM register (DI, SYM.3 = "0")
to disable all subsequent interrupts.
2. Save the program counter and status flags to stack.
3. Branch to the interrupt vector to fetch the service routine's address.
4. Pass control to the interrupt service routine.
When the interrupt service routine is completed, an Interrupt Return instruction (IRET) occurs. The IRET restores
the PC and status flags and sets SYM.3 to "1"(EI), allowing the CPU to process the next interrupt request.
GENERATING INTERRUPT VECTOR ADDRESSES
The interrupt vector area in the ROM contains the address of the interrupt service routine. Vectored interrupt
processing follows this sequence:
1. Push the program counter's low-byte value to stack.
2. Push the program counter's high-byte value to stack.
3. Push the FLAGS register values to stack.
4. Fetch the service routine's high-byte address from the vector address 0000H.
5. Fetch the service routine's low-byte address from the vector address 0001H.
6. Branch to the service routine specified by the 16-bit vector address.
5-3
INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
S3C9228/P9228 INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
The S3C9228/P9228 microcontroller has fourteen peripheral interrupt sources:
— Timer 1/A interrupt
— Timer B interrupt
— SIO interrupt
— Watch Timer interrupt
— Four external interrupts for port 0
— Four external interrupts for port 1
— Two external interrupts for port 3
5-4
S3C9228/P9228
S3C9228/P9228
INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
Vector
Enable/Disable
Pending
Sources
INTPND1.0
P0.0 External Interript
INTPND1.1
P0.1 External Interript
INTPND1.2
P0.2 External Interript
INTPND1.3
P0.3 External Interript
INTPND1.4
P1.0 External Interript
INTPND1.5
P1.1 External Interript
INTPND1.6
P1.2 External Interript
INTPND1.7
P1.3 External Interrupt
INTPND2.0
Timer 1/A Interrupt
INTPND2.1
Timer B Interrupt
INTPND2.2
SIO Interrupt
INTPND2.3
Watch Timer Interrupt
INTPND2.4
P3.0 Interrupt
INTPND2.5
P3.1 Interrupt
P0INT.0
P0INT.1
P0INT.2
P0INT.3
P1INT.0
P1INT.1
P1INT.2
0000H
0001H
P1INT.3
SYM.3
(EI, DI)
TACON.1
TBCON.1
SIOCON.1
WTCON.1
P3INT.0
P3INT.1
Figure 5-3. S3C9228/P9228 Interrupt Structure
5-5
INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
Programming Tip —
S3C9228/P9228
How to clear an interrupt pending bit
As the following examples are shown, a load instruction should be used to clear an interrupt pending bit.
Examples:
1.
LD
•
•
•
INTPND1, #11111011B
; Clear P0.2's interrupt pending bit
INTPND2, #11110111B
; Clear watch timer interrupt pending bit
IRET
2.
LD
•
•
•
IRET
5-6
S3C9228/P9228
6
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
OVERVIEW
The SAM88RCRI instruction set is designed to support the large register file. It includes a full complement of 8bit arithmetic and logic operations. There are 41 instructions. No special I/O instructions are necessary because
I/O control and data registers are mapped directly into the register file. Flexible instructions for bit addressing,
rotate, and shift operations complete the powerful data manipulation capabilities of the SAM88RCRI instruction
set.
REGISTER ADDRESSING
To access an individual register, an 8-bit address in the range 0-255 or the 4-bit address of a working register is
specified. Paired registers can be used to construct 16-bit program memory or data memory addresses. For
detailed information about register addressing, please refer to Section 2, "Address Spaces".
ADDRESSING MODES
There are six addressing modes: Register (R), Indirect Register (IR), Indexed (X), Direct (DA), Relative (RA), and
Immediate (IM). For detailed descriptions of these addressing modes, please refer to Section 3, "Addressing
Modes".
6-1
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
S3C9228/P9228
Table 6-1. Instruction Group Summary
Mnemonic
Operands
Instruction
CLR
dst
Clear
LD
dst,src
Load
LDC
dst,src
Load program memory
LDE
dst,src
Load external data memory
LDCD
dst,src
Load program memory and decrement
LDED
dst,src
Load external data memory and decrement
LDCI
dst,src
Load program memory and increment
LDEI
dst,src
Load external data memory and increment
POP
dst
Pop from stack
PUSH
src
Push to stack
Load Instructions
Arithmetic Instructions
ADC
dst,src
Add with carry
ADD
dst,src
Add
CP
dst,src
Compare
DEC
dst
Decrement
INC
dst
Increment
SBC
dst,src
Subtract with carry
SUB
dst,src
Subtract
AND
dst,src
Logical AND
COM
dst
Complement
OR
dst,src
Logical OR
XOR
dst,src
Logical exclusive OR
Logic Instructions
6-2
S3C9228/P9228
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Table 6-1. Instruction Group Summary (Continued)
Mnemonic
Operands
Instruction
Program Control Instructions
CALL
dst
IRET
Call procedure
Interrupt return
JP
cc,dst
Jump on condition code
JP
dst
Jump unconditional
JR
cc,dst
Jump relative on condition code
RET
Return
Bit Manipulation Instructions
TCM
dst,src
Test complement under mask
TM
dst,src
Test under mask
Rotate and Shift Instructions
RL
dst
Rotate left
RLC
dst
Rotate left through carry
RR
dst
Rotate right
RRC
dst
Rotate right through carry
SRA
dst
Shift right arithmetic
CPU Control Instructions
CCF
Complement carry flag
DI
Disable interrupts
EI
Enable interrupts
IDLE
Enter Idle mode
NOP
No operation
RCF
Reset carry flag
SCF
Set carry flag
STOP
Enter Stop mode
6-3
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
S3C9228/P9228
FLAGS REGISTER (FLAGS)
The FLAGS register contains eight bits that describe the current status of CPU operations. Four of these bits,
FLAGS.4 – FLAGS.7, can be tested and used with conditional jump instructions;
FLAGS register can be set or reset by instructions as long as its outcome does not affect the flags, such as, Load
instruction. Logical and Arithmetic instructions such as, AND, OR, XOR, ADD, and SUB can affect the Flags
register. For example, the AND instruction updates the Zero, Sign and Overflow flags based on the outcome of
the AND instruction. If the AND instruction uses the Flags register as the destination, then simultaneously, two
write will occur to the Flags register producing an unpredictable result.
System Flags Register (FLAGS)
D5H, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
Carry flag (C)
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
Not mapped
Zero flag (Z)
Sign flag (S)
Overflow flag (V)
Figure 6-1. System Flags Register (FLAGS)
FLAG DESCRIPTIONS
Overflow Flag (FLAGS.4, V)
The V flag is set to "1" when the result of a two's-complement operation is greater than + 127 or less than – 128.
It is also cleared to "0" following logic operations.
Sign Flag (FLAGS.5, S)
Following arithmetic, logic, rotate, or shift operations, the sign bit identifies the state of the MSB of the result. A
logic zero indicates a positive number and a logic one indicates a negative number.
Zero Flag (FLAGS.6, Z)
For arithmetic and logic operations, the Z flag is set to "1" if the result of the operation is zero. For operations that
test register bits, and for shift and rotate operations, the Z flag is set to "1" if the result is logic zero.
Carry Flag (FLAGS.7, C)
The C flag is set to "1" if the result from an arithmetic operation generates a carry-out from or a borrow to the
bit 7 position (MSB). After rotate and shift operations, it contains the last value shifted out of the specified
register. Program instructions can set, clear, or complement the carry flag.
6-4
S3C9228/P9228
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
INSTRUCTION SET NOTATION
Table 6-2. Flag Notation Conventions
Flag
Description
C
Carry flag
Z
Zero flag
S
Sign flag
V
Overflow flag
0
Cleared to logic zero
1
Set to logic one
*
Set or cleared according to operation
–
Value is unaffected
x
Value is undefined
Table 6-3. Instruction Set Symbols
Symbol
Description
dst
Destination operand
src
Source operand
@
Indirect register address prefix
PC
Program counter
FLAGS
Flags register (D5H)
#
Immediate operand or register address prefix
H
Hexadecimal number suffix
D
Decimal number suffix
B
Binary number suffix
opc
Opcode
6-5
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
S3C9228/P9228
Table 6-4. Instruction Notation Conventions
Notation
cc
Actual Operand Range
Condition code
See list of condition codes in Table 6-6.
r
Working register only
Rn (n = 0–15)
rr
Working register pair
RRp (p = 0, 2, 4, ..., 14)
R
Register or working register
reg or Rn (reg = 0–255, n = 0–15)
Register pair or working register pair
reg or RRp (reg = 0–254, even number only, where
p = 0, 2, ..., 14)
Ir
Indirect working register only
@Rn (n = 0–15)
IR
Indirect register or indirect working register @Rn or @reg (reg = 0–255, n = 0–15)
Irr
Indirect working register pair only
@RRp (p = 0, 2, ..., 14)
Indirect register pair or indirect working
register pair
@RRp or @reg (reg = 0–254, even only, where
p = 0, 2, ..., 14)
Indexed addressing mode
#reg[Rn] (reg = 0–255, n = 0–15)
XS
Indexed (short offset) addressing mode
#addr[RRp] (addr = range –128 to +127, where
p = 0, 2, ..., 14)
xl
Indexed (long offset) addressing mode
#addr [RRp] (addr = range 0–8191, where
p = 0, 2, ..., 14)
da
Direct addressing mode
addr (addr = range 0–8191)
ra
Relative addressing mode
addr (addr = number in the range +127 to –128 that is
an offset relative to the address of the next instruction)
im
Immediate addressing mode
#data (data = 0–255)
RR
IRR
X
6-6
Description
S3C9228/P9228
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Table 6-5. Opcode Quick Reference
OPCODE MAP
LOWER NIBBLE (HEX)
–
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
U
0
DEC
R1
DEC
IR1
ADD
r1,r2
ADD
r1,Ir2
ADD
R2,R1
ADD
IR2,R1
ADD
R1,IM
P
1
RLC
R1
RLC
IR1
ADC
r1,r2
ADC
r1,Ir2
ADC
R2,R1
ADC
IR2,R1
ADC
R1,IM
P
2
INC
R1
INC
IR1
SUB
r1,r2
SUB
r1,Ir2
SUB
R2,R1
SUB
IR2,R1
SUB
R1,IM
E
3
JP
IRR1
SBC
r1,r2
SBC
r1,Ir2
SBC
R2,R1
SBC
IR2,R1
SBC
R1,IM
R
4
OR
r1,r2
OR
r1,Ir2
OR
R2,R1
OR
IR2,R1
OR
R1,IM
5
POP
R1
POP
IR1
AND
r1,r2
AND
r1,Ir2
AND
R2,R1
AND
IR2,R1
AND
R1,IM
N
6
COM
R1
COM
IR1
TCM
r1,r2
TCM
r1,Ir2
TCM
R2,R1
TCM
IR2,R1
TCM
R1,IM
I
7
PUSH
R2
PUSH
IR2
TM
r1,r2
TM
r1,Ir2
TM
R2,R1
TM
IR2,R1
TM
R1,IM
B
8
B
9
L
A
E
B
CLR
R1
CLR
IR1
C
RRC
R1
RRC
IR1
LDC
r1,Irr2
H
D
SRA
R1
SRA
IR1
LDC
r2,Irr1
E
E
RR
R1
RR
IR1
X
F
7
LD
r1, x, r2
RL
R1
RL
IR1
LD
r2, x, r1
CP
r1,r2
CP
r1,Ir2
CP
R2,R1
CP
IR2,R1
CP
R1,IM
LDC
r1, Irr2, xL
XOR
r1,r2
XOR
r1,Ir2
XOR
R2,R1
XOR
IR2,R1
XOR
R1,IM
LDC
r2, Irr2, xL
LDCD
r1,Irr2
LDCI
r1,Irr2
LD
r1, Ir2
LD
IR1,IM
LD
Ir1, r2
LD
R2,R1
LD
R2,IR1
LD
R1,IM
LDC
r1, Irr2, xs
CALL
IRR1
LD
IR2,R1
CALL
DA1
LDC
r2, Irr1, xs
6-7
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
S3C9228/P9228
Table 6-5. Opcode Quick Reference (Continued)
OPCODE MAP
LOWER NIBBLE (HEX)
–
8
9
U
0
LD
r1,R2
P
1
↓
P
2
E
3
R
4
A
B
C
D
E
LD
r2,R1
JR
cc,RA
LD
r1,IM
JP
cc,DA
INC
r1
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
F
5
N
6
I
7
B
8
DI
B
9
EI
L
A
RET
E
B
IRET
C
RCF
H
D
E
E
X
F
6-8
IDLE
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
STOP
SCF
CCF
LD
r1,R2
LD
r2,R1
JR
cc,RA
LD
r1,IM
JP
cc,DA
INC
r1
NOP
S3C9228/P9228
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
CONDITION CODES
The opcode of a conditional jump always contains a 4-bit field called the condition code (cc). This specifies under
which conditions it is to execute the jump. For example, a conditional jump with the condition code for "equal"
after a compare operation only jumps if the two operands are equal. Condition codes are listed in Table 6-6.
The carry (C), zero (Z), sign (S), and overflow (V) flags are used to control the operation of conditional jump
instructions.
Table 6-6. Condition Codes
Binary
Mnemonic
0000
F
Always false
–
T
Always true
–
C
Carry
C=1
No carry
C=0
Zero
Z=1
1000
0111
(1)
1111 (1)
NC
Description
Flags Set
0110
(1)
Z
1110
(1)
NZ
Not zero
Z=0
1101
PL
Plus
S=0
0101
MI
Minus
S=1
0100
OV
Overflow
V=1
1100
NOV
No overflow
V=0
0110
(1)
EQ
Equal
Z=1
1110
(1)
NE
Not equal
Z=0
1001
GE
Greater than or equal
(S XOR V) = 0
0001
LT
Less than
(S XOR V) = 1
1010
GT
Greater than
(Z OR (S XOR V)) = 0
0010
LE
Less than or equal
(Z OR (S XOR V)) = 1
(1)
UGE
Unsigned greater than or equal
C=0
0111 (1)
ULT
Unsigned less than
C=1
1011
UGT
Unsigned greater than
(C = 0 AND Z = 0) = 1
0011
ULE
Unsigned less than or equal
(C OR Z) = 1
1111
NOTES:
1. Indicate condition codes that are related to two different mnemonics but which test the same flag.
For example, Z and EQ are both true if the zero flag (Z) is set, but after an ADD instruction, Z would probably be used;
after a CP instruction, however, EQ would probably be used.
2. For operations involving unsigned numbers, the special condition codes UGE, ULT, UGT, and ULE must be used.
6-9
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
S3C9228/P9228
INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTIONS
This section contains detailed information and programming examples for each instruction in the SAM88RCRI
instruction set. Information is arranged in a consistent format for improved readability and for fast referencing.
The following information is included in each instruction description:
— Instruction name (mnemonic)
— Full instruction name
— Source/destination format of the instruction operand
— Shorthand notation of the instruction's operation
— Textual description of the instruction's effect
— Specific flag settings affected by the instruction
— Detailed description of the instruction's format, execution time, and addressing mode(s)
— Programming example(s) explaining how to use the instruction
6-10
S3C9228/P9228
ADC —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Add With Carry
ADC
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ dst + src + c
The source operand, along with the setting of the carry flag, is added to the destination operand
and the sum is stored in the destination. The contents of the source are unaffected. Two'scomplement addition is performed. In multiple precision arithmetic, this instruction permits the
carry from the addition of low-order operands to be carried into the addition of high-order
operands.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if there is a carry from the most significant bit of the result; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurs, that is, if both operands are of the same sign and the
result is of the opposite sign; cleared otherwise.
D: Always cleared to "0".
H: Set if there is a carry from the most significant bit of the low-order four bits of the result;
cleared otherwise.
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
12
r
r
6
13
r
lr
6
14
R
R
6
15
R
IR
6
16
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R1 = 10H, R2 = 03H, C flag = "1", register 01H = 20H, register 02H = 03H, and register
03H = 0AH:
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
R1,R2
R1,@R2
01H,02H
01H,@02H
01H,#11H
→
→
→
→
→
R1 = 14H, R2 = 03H
R1 = 1BH, R2 = 03H
Register 01H = 24H, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 2BH, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 32H
In the first example, destination register R1 contains the value 10H, the carry flag is set to "1",
and the source working register R2 contains the value 03H. The statement "ADC R1,R2" adds
03H and the carry flag value ("1") to the destination value 10H, leaving 14H in register R1.
6-11
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
ADD —
S3C9228/P9228
Add
ADD
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ dst + src
The source operand is added to the destination operand and the sum is stored in the destination.
The contents of the source are unaffected. Two's-complement addition is performed.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if there is a carry from the most significant bit of the result; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if both operands are of the same sign and the
result is of the opposite sign; cleared otherwise.
D: Always cleared to "0".
H: Set if a carry from the low-order nibble occurred.
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
02
r
r
6
03
r
lr
6
04
R
R
6
05
R
IR
6
06
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R1 = 12H, R2 = 03H, register 01H = 21H, register 02H = 03H, register 03H = 0AH:
ADD
ADD
ADD
ADD
ADD
R1,R2
R1,@R2
01H,02H
01H,@02H
01H,#25H
→
→
→
→
→
R1 = 15H, R2 = 03H
R1 = 1CH, R2 = 03H
Register 01H = 24H, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 2BH, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 46H
In the first example, destination working register R1 contains 12H and the source working register
R2 contains 03H. The statement "ADD R1,R2" adds 03H to 12H, leaving the value 15H in
register R1.
6-12
S3C9228/P9228
AND —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Logical AND
AND
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ dst AND src
The source operand is logically ANDed with the destination operand. The result is stored in the
destination. The AND operation results in a "1" bit being stored whenever the corresponding bits
in the two operands are both logic ones; otherwise a "0" bit value is stored. The contents of the
source are unaffected.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
D:
H:
Unaffected.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Always cleared to "0".
Unaffected.
Unaffected.
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
52
r
r
6
53
r
lr
6
54
R
R
6
55
R
IR
6
56
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R1 = 12H, R2 = 03H, register 01H = 21H, register 02H = 03H, register 03H = 0AH:
AND
AND
AND
AND
AND
R1,R2
R1,@R2
01H,02H
01H,@02H
01H,#25H
→
→
→
→
→
R1 = 02H, R2 = 03H
R1 = 02H, R2 = 03H
Register 01H = 01H, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 00H, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 21H
In the first example, destination working register R1 contains the value 12H and the source
working register R2 contains 03H. The statement "AND R1,R2" logically ANDs the source
operand 03H with the destination operand value 12H, leaving the value 02H in register R1.
6-13
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
S3C9228/P9228
CALL —
Call Procedure
CALL
dst
Operation:
SP
@SP
SP
@SP
PC
¨
¨
¨
¨
¨
SP – 1
PCL
SP –1
PCH
dst
The current contents of the program counter are pushed onto the top of the stack. The program
counter value used is the address of the first instruction following the CALL instruction. The
specified destination address is then loaded into the program counter and points to the first
instruction of a procedure. At the end of the procedure the return instruction (RET) can be used to
return to the original program flow. RET pops the top of the stack back into the program counter.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
opc
Examples:
dst
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
3
14
F6
DA
2
12
F4
IRR
Given: R0 = 15H, R1 = 21H, PC = 1A47H, and SP = 0B2H:
CALL
1521H
→
CALL
@RR0
→
SP = 0B0H
(Memory locations 00H = 1AH, 01H = 4AH, where 4AH
is the address that follows the instruction.)
SP = 0B0H (00H = 1AH, 01H = 49H)
In the first example, if the program counter value is 1A47H and the stack pointer contains the
value 0B2H, the statement "CALL 1521H" pushes the current PC value onto the top of the stack.
The stack pointer now points to memory location 00H. The PC is then loaded with the value
1521H, the address of the first instruction in the program sequence to be executed.
If the contents of the program counter and stack pointer are the same as in the first example, the
statement "CALL @RR0" produces the same result except that the 49H is stored in stack location
01H (because the two-byte instruction format was used). The PC is then loaded with the value
1521H, the address of the first instruction in the program sequence to be executed.
6-14
S3C9228/P9228
CCF —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Complement Carry Flag
CCF
Operation:
C ¨ NOT C
The carry flag (C) is complemented. If C = "1", the value of the carry flag is changed to logic
zero; if C = "0", the value of the carry flag is changed to logic one.
Flags:
C: Complemented.
No other flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
4
EF
Given: The carry flag = "0":
CCF
If the carry flag = "0", the CCF instruction complements it in the FLAGS register (0D5H), changing
its value from logic zero to logic one.
6-15
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
CLR —
S3C9228/P9228
Clear
CLR
dst
Operation:
dst ¨ "0"
The destination location is cleared to "0".
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
4
B0
R
4
B1
IR
Given: Register 00H = 4FH, register 01H = 02H, and register 02H = 5EH:
CLR
CLR
00H
@01H
→
→
Register 00H = 00H
Register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 00H
In Register (R) addressing mode, the statement "CLR 00H" clears the destination register 00H
value to 00H. In the second example, the statement "CLR @01H" uses Indirect Register (IR)
addressing mode to clear the 02H register value to 00H.
6-16
S3C9228/P9228
COM —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Complement
COM
dst
Operation:
dst ¨ NOT dst
The contents of the destination location are complemented (one's complement); all "1s" are
changed to "0s", and vice-versa.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
D:
H:
Unaffected.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Always reset to "0".
Unaffected.
Unaffected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
4
60
R
4
61
IR
Given: R1 = 07H and register 07H = 0F1H:
COM
COM
R1
@R1
→
→
R1 = 0F8H
R1 = 07H, register 07H = 0EH
In the first example, destination working register R1 contains the value 07H (00000111B). The
statement "COM R1" complements all the bits in R1: all logic ones are changed to logic zeros,
and vice-versa, leaving the value 0F8H (11111000B).
In the second example, Indirect Register (IR) addressing mode is used to complement the value
of destination register 07H (11110001B), leaving the new value 0EH (00001110B).
6-17
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
CP —
S3C9228/P9228
Compare
CP
dst,src
Operation:
dst – src
The source operand is compared to (subtracted from) the destination operand, and the
appropriate flags are set accordingly. The contents of both operands are unaffected by the
comparison.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if a "borrow" occurred (src > dst); cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the operands were of opposite signs and the
sign of the result is of the same as the sign of the source operand; cleared otherwise.
D: Unaffected.
H: Unaffected.
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
A2
r
r
6
A3
r
lr
6
A4
R
R
6
A5
R
IR
6
A6
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
1. Given: R1 = 02H and R2 = 03H:
CP
R1,R2
→
Set the C and S flags
Destination working register R1 contains the value 02H and source register R2 contains the value
03H. The statement "CP R1,R2" subtracts the R2 value (source/subtrahend) from the R1 value
(destination/minuend). Because a "borrow" occurs and the difference is negative, C and S are "1".
2. Given: R1 = 05H and R2 = 0AH:
SKIP
CP
JP
INC
LD
R1,R2
UGE,SKIP
R1
R3,R1
In this example, destination working register R1 contains the value 05H which is less than the
contents of the source working register R2 (0AH). The statement "CP R1,R2" generates C = "1"
and the JP instruction does not jump to the SKIP location. After the statement "LD R3,R1"
executes, the value 06H remains in working register R3.
6-18
S3C9228/P9228
DEC —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Decrement
DEC
dst
Operation:
dst ¨ dst – 1
The contents of the destination operand are decremented by one.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Unaffected.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, dst value is –128(80H) and result value is
+127(7FH); cleared otherwise.
D: Unaffected.
H: Unaffected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
4
00
R
4
01
IR
Given: R1 = 03H and register 03H = 10H:
DEC
DEC
R1
@R1
→
→
R1 = 02H
Register 03H = 0FH
In the first example, if working register R1 contains the value 03H, the statement "DEC R1"
decrements the hexadecimal value by one, leaving the value 02H. In the second example, the
statement "DEC @R1" decrements the value 10H contained in the destination register 03H by
one, leaving the value 0FH.
6-19
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
DI —
S3C9228/P9228
Disable Interrupts
DI
Operation:
SYM (2) ¨ 0
Bit zero of the system mode register, SYM.2, is cleared to "0", globally disabling all interrupt
processing. Interrupt requests will continue to set their respective interrupt pending bits, but the
CPU will not service them while interrupt processing is disabled.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
4
8F
Given: SYM = 04H:
DI
If the value of the SYM register is 04H, the statement "DI" leaves the new value 00H in the
register and clears SYM.2 to "0", disabling interrupt processing.
6-20
S3C9228/P9228
EI —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Enable Interrupts
EI
Operation:
SYM (2) ¨ 1
An EI instruction sets bit 2 of the system mode register, SYM.2 to "1". This allows interrupts to be
serviced as they occur. If an interrupt's pending bit was set while interrupt processing was
disabled (by executing a DI instruction), it will be serviced when you execute the EI instruction.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
4
9F
Given: SYM = 00H:
EI
If the SYM register contains the value 00H, that is, if interrupts are currently disabled, the
statement "EI" sets the SYM register to 04H, enabling all interrupts (SYM.2 is the enable bit for
global interrupt processing).
6-21
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
IDLE —
S3C9228/P9228
Idle Operation
IDLE
Operation:
The IDLE instruction stops the CPU clock while allowing system clock oscillation to continue. Idle
mode can be released by an interrupt request (IRQ) or an external reset operation.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
The instruction
IDLE
stops the CPU clock but not the system clock.
6-22
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
4
6F
Addr Mode
dst
src
–
–
S3C9228/P9228
INC —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Increment
INC
dst
Operation:
dst ¨ dst + 1
The contents of the destination operand are incremented by one.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Unaffected.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is dst value is +127(7FH) and result is –128(80H);
cleared otherwise.
D: Unaffected.
H: Unaffected.
Format:
dst | opc
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
1
4
rE
r
r = 0 to F
opc
Examples:
dst
2
4
20
R
4
21
IR
Given: R0 = 1BH, register 00H = 0CH, and register 1BH = 0FH:
INC
INC
INC
R0
00H
@R0
→
→
→
R0 = 1CH
Register 00H = 0DH
R0 = 1BH, register 01H = 10H
In the first example, if destination working register R0 contains the value 1BH, the statement "INC
R0" leaves the value 1CH in that same register.
The next example shows the effect an INC instruction has on register 00H, assuming that it
contains the value 0CH.
In the third example, INC is used in Indirect Register (IR) addressing mode to increment the value
of register 1BH from 0FH to 10H.
6-23
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
IRET —
S3C9228/P9228
Interrupt Return
IRET
IRET
Operation:
FLAGS ¨ @SP
SP ¨ SP + 1
PC ¨ @SP
SP ¨ SP + 2
SYM(2) ¨ 1
This instruction is used at the end of an interrupt service routine. It restores the flag register and
the program counter. It also re-enables global interrupts.
Flags:
All flags are restored to their original settings (that is, the settings before the interrupt occurred).
Format:
6-24
IRET
(Normal)
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
opc
1
6
BF
S3C9228/P9228
JP —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Jump
JP
cc,dst
(Conditional)
JP
dst
(Unconditional)
Operation:
If cc is true, PC ¨ dst
The conditional JUMP instruction transfers program control to the destination address if the
condition specified by the condition code (cc) is true; otherwise, the instruction following the JP
instruction is executed. The unconditional JP simply replaces the contents of the PC with the
contents of the specified register pair. Control then passes to the statement addressed by the PC.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format: (1)
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
3
8 (3)
ccD
DA
(2)
cc | opc
dst
cc = 0 to F
opc
dst
2
8
30
IRR
NOTES:
1. The 3-byte format is used for a conditional jump and the 2-byte format for an unconditional jump.
2. In the first byte of the three-byte instruction format (conditional jump), the condition code and the opcode are both four
bits.
Examples:
Given: The carry flag (C) = "1", register 00 = 01H, and register 01 = 20H:
JP
JP
C,LABEL_W →
@00H
→
LABEL_W = 1000H, PC = 1000H
PC = 0120H
The first example shows a conditional JP. Assuming that the carry flag is set to "1", the statement
"JP C,LABEL_W" replaces the contents of the PC with the value 1000H and transfers control to
that location. Had the carry flag not been set, control would then have passed to the statement
immediately following the JP instruction.
The second example shows an unconditional JP. The statement "JP @00" replaces the contents
of the PC with the contents of the register pair 00H and 01H, leaving the value 0120H.
6-25
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
JR —
S3C9228/P9228
Jump Relative
JR
cc,dst
Operation:
If cc is true, PC ¨ PC + dst
If the condition specified by the condition code (cc) is true, the relative address is added to the
program counter and control passes to the statement whose address is now in the program
counter; otherwise, the instruction following the JR instruction is executed (See list of condition
codes).
The range of the relative address is +127, –128, and the original value of the program counter is
taken to be the address of the first instruction byte following the JR statement.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
6 (2)
ccB
RA
(1)
cc | opc
dst
cc = 0 to F
NOTE: In the first byte of the two-byte instruction format, the condition code and the opcode are each four
bits.
Example:
Given: The carry flag = "1" and LABEL_X = 1FF7H:
JR
C,LABEL_X
→
PC = 1FF7H
If the carry flag is set (that is, if the condition code is true), the statement "JR C,LABEL_X" will
pass control to the statement whose address is now in the PC. Otherwise, the program instruction
following the JR would be executed.
6-26
S3C9228/P9228
LD —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Load
LD
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ src
The contents of the source are loaded into the destination. The source's contents are unaffected.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
dst | opc
src | opc
src
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
rC
r
IM
4
r8
r
R
4
r9
R
r
2
Addr Mode
dst
src
r = 0 to F
opc
opc
opc
dst | src
src
dst
2
dst
src
3
3
4
C7
r
lr
4
D7
Ir
r
6
E4
R
R
6
E5
R
IR
6
E6
R
IM
6
D6
IR
IM
opc
src
dst
3
6
F5
IR
R
opc
dst | src
x
3
6
87
r
x [r]
opc
src | dst
x
3
6
97
x [r]
r
6-27
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
LD —
S3C9228/P9228
Load
LD
(Continued)
Examples:
Given: R0 = 01H, R1 = 0AH, register 00H = 01H, register 01H = 20H,
register 02H = 02H, LOOP = 30H, and register 3AH = 0FFH:
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
6-28
R0,#10H
→
R0,01H
→
01H,R0
→
R1,@R0
→
@R0,R1
→
00H,01H
→
02H,@00H
→
00H,#0AH
→
@00H,#10H →
@00H,02H
→
R0,#LOOP[R1]→
#LOOP[R0],R1→
R0 = 10H
R0 = 20H, register 01H = 20H
Register 01H = 01H, R0 = 01H
R1 = 20H, R0 = 01H
R0 = 01H, R1 = 0AH, register 01H = 0AH
Register 00H = 20H, register 01H = 20H
Register 02H = 20H, register 00H = 01H
Register 00H = 0AH
Register 00H = 01H, register 01H = 10H
Register 00H = 01H, register 01H = 02, register 02H = 02H
R0 = 0FFH, R1 = 0AH
Register 31H = 0AH, R0 = 01H, R1 = 0AH
S3C9228/P9228
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
LDC/LDE —
Load Memory
LDC/LDE
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ src
This instruction loads a byte from program or data memory into a working register or vice-versa.
The source values are unaffected. LDC refers to program memory and LDE to data memory. The
assembler makes 'Irr' or 'rr' values an even number for program memory and an odd number for
data memory.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
src
1.
opc
dst | src
2
10
C3
r
Irr
2.
opc
src | dst
2
10
D3
Irr
r
3.
opc
dst | src
XS
3
12
E7
r
XS [rr]
4.
opc
src | dst
XS
3
12
F7
XS [rr]
r
5.
opc
dst | src
XLL
XLH
4
14
A7
r
XL [rr]
6.
opc
src | dst
XLL
XLH
4
14
B7
XL [rr]
r
7.
opc
dst | 0000
DAL
DAH
4
14
A7
r
DA
8.
opc
src | 0000
DAL
DAH
4
14
B7
DA
r
9.
opc
dst | 0001
DAL
DAH
4
14
A7
r
DA
10.
opc
src | 0001
DAL
DAH
4
14
B7
DA
r
NOTES:
1. The source (src) or working register pair [rr] for formats 5 and 6 cannot use register pair 0–1.
2. For formats 3 and 4, the destination address 'XS [rr]' and the source address 'XS [rr]' are each one byte.
3. For formats 5 and 6, the destination address 'XL [rr] and the source address 'XL [rr]' are each two bytes.
4. The DA and r source values for formats 7 and 8 are used to address program memory; the second set of values, used in
formats 9 and 10, are used to address data memory.
6-29
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
LDC/LDE —
S3C9228/P9228
Load Memory
LDC/LDE
(Continued)
Examples:
Given: R0 = 11H, R1 = 34H, R2 = 01H, R3 = 04H, R4 = 00H, R5 = 60H; Program memory
locations 0061 = AAH, 0103H = 4FH, 0104H = 1A, 0105H = 6DH, and 1104H = 88H. External
data memory locations 0061H = BBH, 0103H = 5FH, 0104H = 2AH, 0105H = 7DH, and
1104H = 98H:
LDC
R0,@RR2
LDE
R0,@RR2
LDC *
@RR2,R0
LDE
@RR2,R0
LDC
R0,#01H[RR4]
LDE
R0,#01H[RR4]
LDC (note)
#01H[RR4],R0
LDE
#01H[RR4],R0
LDC
R0,#1000H[RR2]
LDE
R0,#1000H[RR2]
LDC
R0,1104H
LDE
R0,1104H
LDC (note)
1105H,R0
LDE
1105H,R0
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
R0 ¨ contents of program memory location 0104H
R0 = 1AH, R2 = 01H, R3 = 04H
R0 ¨ contents of external data memory location 0104H
R0 = 2AH, R2 = 01H, R3 = 04H
11H (contents of R0) is loaded into program memory
location 0104H (RR2),
working registers R0, R2, R3 Æ no change
11H (contents of R0) is loaded into external data memory
location 0104H (RR2),
working registers R0, R2, R3 Æ no change
R0 ¨ contents of program memory location 0061H
(01H + RR4),
R0 = AAH, R2 = 00H, R3 = 60H
R0 ¨ contents of external data memory location 0061H
(01H + RR4), R0 = BBH, R4 = 00H, R5 = 60H
11H (contents of R0) is loaded into program memory
location 0061H (01H + 0060H)
11H (contents of R0) is loaded into external data memory
location 0061H (01H + 0060H)
R0 ¨ contents of program memory location 1104H
(1000H + 0104H), R0 = 88H, R2 = 01H, R3 = 04H
R0 ¨ contents of external data memory location 1104H
(1000H + 0104H), R0 = 98H, R2 = 01H, R3 = 04H
R0 ¨ contents of program memory location 1104H,
R0 = 88H
R0 ¨ contents of external data memory location 1104H,
R0 = 98H
11H (contents of R0) is loaded into program memory
location 1105H, (1105H) ¨ 11H
11H (contents of R0) is loaded into external data memory
location 1105H, (1105H) ¨ 11H
NOTE: These instructions are not supported by masked ROM type devices.
6-30
S3C9228/P9228
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
LDCD/LDED —
LDCD/LDED
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ src
Load Memory and Decrement
rr ¨ rr – 1
These instructions are used for user stacks or block transfers of data from program or data
memory to the register file. The address of the memory location is specified by a working register
pair. The contents of the source location are loaded into the destination location. The memory
address is then decremented. The contents of the source are unaffected.
LDCD references program memory and LDED references external data memory. The assembler
makes ‘Irr’ an even number for program memory and an odd number for data memory.
Flags: No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst | src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
10
E2
Addr Mode
dst
src
r
Irr
Given: R6 = 10H, R7 = 33H, R8 = 12H, program memory location 1033H = 0CDH, and
external data memory location 1033H = 0DDH:
LDCD
LDED
R8,@RR6
R8,@RR6
;
;
;
;
;
;
0CDH (contents of program memory location 1033H) is
loaded into R8 and RR6 is decremented by one
R8 = 0CDH, R6 = 10H, R7 = 32H (RR6 ← RR6 - 1)
0DDH (contents of data memory location 1033H) is
loaded into R8 and RR6 is decremented by one
(RR6 ← RR6 - 1) R8 = 0DDH, R6 = 10H, R7 = 32H
6-31
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
LDCI/LDEI —
S3C9228/P9228
Load Memory and Increment
LDCI/LDEI
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ src
rr ¨ rr + 1
These instructions are used for user stacks or block transfers of data from program or data
memory to the register file. The address of the memory location is specified by a working register
pair. The contents of the source location are loaded into the destination location. The memory
address is then incremented automatically. The contents of the source are unaffected.
LDCI refers to program memory and LDEI refers to external data memory. The assembler makes
'Irr' even for program memory and odd for data memory.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
6-32
dst | src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
10
E3
Addr Mode
dst
src
r
Irr
Given: R6 = 10H, R7 = 33H, R8 = 12H, program memory locations 1033H = 0CDH and
1034H = 0C5H; external data memory locations 1033H = 0DDH and 1034H = 0D5H:
LDCI
R8,@RR6
LDEI
R8,@RR6
;
;
;
;
;
;
0CDH (contents of program memory location 1033H) is
loaded into R8 and RR6 is incremented by one
(RR6 ¨ RR6 + 1) R8 = 0CDH, R6 = 10H, R7 = 34H
0DDH (contents of data memory location 1033H) is
loaded into R8 and RR6 is incremented by one
(RR6 ¨ RR6 + 1) R8 = 0DDH, R6 = 10H, R7 = 34H
S3C9228/P9228
NOP —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
No Operation
NOP
Operation:
No action is performed when the CPU executes this instruction. Typically, one or more NOPs are
executed in sequence in order to effect a timing delay of variable duration.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
4
FF
When the instruction
NOP
is encountered in a program, no operation occurs. Instead, there is a delay in instruction
execution time.
6-33
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
OR —
S3C9228/P9228
Logical OR
OR
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ dst OR src
The source operand is logically ORed with the destination operand and the result is stored in the
destination. The contents of the source are unaffected. The OR operation results in a "1" being
stored whenever either of the corresponding bits in the two operands is a "1"; otherwise a "0" is
stored.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
D:
H:
Unaffected.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Always cleared to "0".
Unaffected.
Unaffected.
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
42
r
r
6
43
r
lr
6
44
R
R
6
45
R
IR
6
46
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R0 = 15H, R1 = 2AH, R2 = 01H, register 00H = 08H, register 01H = 37H, and register
08H = 8AH:
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
R0,R1
R0,@R2
00H,01H
01H,@00H
00H,#02H
→
→
→
→
→
R0 = 3FH, R1 = 2AH
R0 = 37H, R2 = 01H, register 01H = 37H
Register 00H = 3FH, register 01H = 37H
Register 00H = 08H, register 01H = 0BFH
Register 00H = 0AH
In the first example, if working register R0 contains the value 15H and register R1 the value 2AH,
the statement "OR R0,R1" logical-ORs the R0 and R1 register contents and stores the result
(3FH) in destination register R0.
The other examples show the use of the logical OR instruction with the various addressing modes
and formats.
6-34
S3C9228/P9228
POP —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Pop From Stack
POP
dst
Operation:
dst ¨ @SP
SP ¨ SP + 1
The contents of the location addressed by the stack pointer are loaded into the destination. The
stack pointer is then incremented by one.
Flags: No flags affected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
8
50
R
8
51
IR
Given: Register 00H = 01H, register 01H = 1BH, SP (0D9H) = 0BBH, and stack register
0BBH = 55H:
POP
POP
00H
@00H
→
→
Register 00H = 55H, SP = 0BCH
Register 00H = 01H, register 01H = 55H, SP = 0BCH
In the first example, general register 00H contains the value 01H. The statement "POP 00H"
loads the contents of location 0BBH (55H) into destination register 00H and then increments the
stack pointer by one. Register 00H then contains the value 55H and the SP points to location
0BCH.
6-35
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
S3C9228/P9228
PUSH —
Push To Stack
PUSH
src
Operation:
SP ¨ SP – 1
@SP ¨ src
A PUSH instruction decrements the stack pointer value and loads the contents of the source (src)
into the location addressed by the decremented stack pointer. The operation then adds the new
value to the top of the stack.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
8
70
R
8
71
IR
Given: Register 40H = 4FH, register 4FH = 0AAH, SP = 0C0H:
PUSH
40H
→
PUSH
@40H
→
Register 40H = 4FH, stack register 0BFH = 4FH,
SP = 0BFH
Register 40H = 4FH, register 4FH = 0AAH, stack register
0BFH = 0AAH, SP = 0BFH
In the first example, if the stack pointer contains the value 0C0H, and general register 40H the
value 4FH, the statement "PUSH 40H" decrements the stack pointer from 0C0 to 0BFH. It then
loads the contents of register 40H into location 0BFH. Register 0BFH then contains the value 4FH
and SP points to location 0BFH.
6-36
S3C9228/P9228
RCF —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Reset Carry Flag
RCF
RCF
Operation:
C ¨ 0
The carry flag is cleared to logic zero, regardless of its previous value.
Flags:
C: Cleared to "0".
No other flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
4
CF
Given: C = "1" or "0":
The instruction RCF clears the carry flag (C) to logic zero.
6-37
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
RET —
S3C9228/P9228
Return
RET
Operation:
PC ¨ @SP
SP ¨ SP + 2
The RET instruction is normally used to return to the previously executing procedure at the end of
a procedure entered by a CALL instruction. The contents of the location addressed by the stack
pointer are popped into the program counter. The next statement that is executed is the one that
is addressed by the new program counter value.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
8
AF
Given: SP = 0BCH, (SP) = 101AH, and PC = 1234:
RET
→
PC = 101AH, SP = 0BEH
The statement "RET" pops the contents of stack pointer location 0BCH (10H) into the high byte of
the program counter. The stack pointer then pops the value in location 0BDH (1AH) into the PC's
low byte and the instruction at location 101AH is executed. The stack pointer now points to
memory location 0BEH.
6-38
S3C9228/P9228
RL —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Rotate Left
RL
dst
Operation:
C ¨ dst (7)
dst (0) ¨ dst (7)
dst (n + 1) ¨ dst (n), n = 0–6
The contents of the destination operand are rotated left one bit position. The initial value of bit 7 is
moved to the bit zero (LSB) position and also replaces the carry flag.
7
0
C
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if the bit rotated from the most significant bit position (bit 7) was "1".
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the sign of the destination changed during
rotation; cleared otherwise.
D: Unaffected.
H: Unaffected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
4
90
R
4
91
IR
Given: Register 00H = 0AAH, register 01H = 02H and register 02H = 17H:
RL
RL
00H
@01H
→
→
Register 00H = 55H, C = "1"
Register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 2EH, C = "0"
In the first example, if general register 00H contains the value 0AAH (10101010B), the statement
"RL 00H" rotates the 0AAH value left one bit position, leaving the new value 55H (01010101B)
and setting the carry and overflow flags.
6-39
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
RLC —
S3C9228/P9228
Rotate Left Through Carry
RLC
dst
Operation:
dst (0) ¨ C
C ¨ dst (7)
dst (n + 1) ¨ dst (n), n = 0–6
The contents of the destination operand with the carry flag are rotated left one bit position. The
initial value of bit 7 replaces the carry flag (C); the initial value of the carry flag replaces bit zero.
7
0
C
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if the bit rotated from the most significant bit position (bit 7) was "1".
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the sign of the destination changed during
rotation; cleared otherwise.
D: Unaffected.
H: Unaffected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
4
10
R
4
11
IR
Given: Register 00H = 0AAH, register 01H = 02H, and register 02H = 17H, C = "0":
RLC
RLC
00H
@01H
→
→
Register 00H = 54H, C = "1"
Register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 2EH, C = "0"
In the first example, if general register 00H has the value 0AAH (10101010B), the statement "RLC
00H" rotates 0AAH one bit position to the left. The initial value of bit 7 sets the carry flag and the
initial value of the C flag replaces bit zero of register 00H, leaving the value 55H (01010101B).
The MSB of register 00H resets the carry flag to "1" and sets the overflow flag.
6-40
S3C9228/P9228
RR
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
— Rotate Right
RR
dst
Operation:
C ¨ dst (0)
dst (7) ¨ dst (0)
dst (n) ¨ dst (n + 1), n = 0–6
The contents of the destination operand are rotated right one bit position. The initial value of bit
zero (LSB) is moved to bit 7 (MSB) and also replaces the carry flag (C).
7
0
C
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if the bit rotated from the least significant bit position (bit zero) was "1".
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the sign of the destination changed during
rotation; cleared otherwise.
D: Unaffected.
H: Unaffected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
4
E0
R
4
E1
IR
Given: Register 00H = 31H, register 01H = 02H, and register 02H = 17H:
RR
RR
00H
@01H
→
→
Register 00H = 98H, C = "1"
Register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 8BH, C = "1"
In the first example, if general register 00H contains the value 31H (00110001B), the statement
"RR 00H" rotates this value one bit position to the right. The initial value of bit zero is moved to
bit 7, leaving the new value 98H (10011000B) in the destination register. The initial bit zero also
resets the C flag to "1" and the sign flag and overflow flag are also set to "1".
6-41
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
RRC —
S3C9228/P9228
Rotate Right Through Carry
RRC
dst
Operation:
dst (7) ¨ C
C ¨ dst (0)
dst (n) ¨ dst (n + 1), n = 0–6
The contents of the destination operand and the carry flag are rotated right one bit position. The
initial value of bit zero (LSB) replaces the carry flag; the initial value of the carry flag replaces bit
7 (MSB).
7
0
C
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if the bit rotated from the least significant bit position (bit zero) was "1".
Set if the result is "0" cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the sign of the destination changed during
rotation; cleared otherwise.
D: Unaffected.
H: Unaffected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
4
C0
R
4
C1
IR
Given: Register 00H = 55H, register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 17H, and C = "0":
RRC
RRC
00H
@01H
→
→
Register 00H = 2AH, C = "1"
Register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 0BH, C = "1"
In the first example, if general register 00H contains the value 55H (01010101B), the statement
"RRC 00H" rotates this value one bit position to the right. The initial value of bit zero ("1")
replaces the carry flag and the initial value of the C flag ("1") replaces bit 7. This leaves the new
value 2AH (00101010B) in destination register 00H. The sign flag and overflow flag are both
cleared to "0".
6-42
S3C9228/P9228
SBC —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Subtract With Carry
SBC
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ dst – src – c
The source operand, along with the current value of the carry flag, is subtracted from the
destination operand and the result is stored in the destination. The contents of the source are
unaffected. Subtraction is performed by adding the two's-complement of the source operand to
the destination operand. In multiple precision arithmetic, this instruction permits the carry
("borrow") from the subtraction of the low-order operands to be subtracted from the subtraction of
high-order operands.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if a borrow occurred (src > dst); cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the operands were of opposite sign and the sign
f the result is the same as the sign of the source; cleared otherwise.
D: Always set to "1".
H: Cleared if there is a carry from the most significant bit of the low-order four bits of the result;
set otherwise, indicating a "borrow".
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
32
r
r
6
33
r
lr
6
34
R
R
6
35
R
IR
6
36
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R1 = 10H, R2 = 03H, C = "1", register 01H = 20H, register 02H = 03H, and register
03H = 0AH:
SBC
SBC
SBC
SBC
SBC
R1,R2
R1,@R2
01H,02H
01H,@02H
01H,#8AH
→
→
→
→
→
R1 = 0CH, R2 = 03H
R1 = 05H, R2 = 03H, register 03H = 0AH
Register 01H = 1CH, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 15H,register 02H = 03H, register 03H = 0AH
Register 01H = 95H; C, S, and V = "1"
In the first example, if working register R1 contains the value 10H and register R2 the value 03H,
the statement "SBC R1,R2" subtracts the source value (03H) and the C flag value ("1") from the
destination (10H) and then stores the result (0CH) in register R1.
6-43
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
SCF —
S3C9228/P9228
Set Carry Flag
SCF
Operation:
C ¨ 1
The carry flag (C) is set to logic one, regardless of its previous value.
Flags:
C: Set to "1".
No other flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
The statement
SCF
sets the carry flag to logic one.
6-44
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
4
DF
S3C9228/P9228
SRA —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Shift Right Arithmetic
SRA
dst
Operation:
dst (7) ¨ dst (7)
C ¨ dst (0)
dst (n) ¨ dst (n + 1), n = 0–6
An arithmetic shift-right of one bit position is performed on the destination operand. Bit zero (the
LSB) replaces the carry flag. The value of bit 7 (the sign bit) is unchanged and is shifted into bit
position 6.
7
6
0
C
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
D:
H:
Set if the bit shifted from the LSB position (bit zero) was "1".
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Always cleared to "0".
Unaffected.
Unaffected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
4
D0
R
4
D1
IR
Given: Register 00H = 9AH, register 02H = 03H, register 03H = 0BCH, and C = "1":
SRA
SRA
00H
@02H
→
→
Register 00H = 0CD, C = "0"
Register 02H = 03H, register 03H = 0DEH, C = "0"
In the first example, if general register 00H contains the value 9AH (10011010B), the statement
"SRA 00H" shifts the bit values in register 00H right one bit position. Bit zero ("0") clears the C
flag and bit 7 ("1") is then shifted into the bit 6 position (bit 7 remains unchanged). This leaves the
value 0CDH (11001101B) in destination register 00H.
6-45
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
STOP —
S3C9228/P9228
Stop Operation
STOP
Operation:
The STOP instruction stops both the CPU clock and system clock and causes the microcontroller
to enter Stop mode. During Stop mode, the contents of on-chip CPU registers, peripheral
registers, and I/O port control and data registers are retained. Stop mode can be released by an
external reset operation or External interrupt input. For the reset operation, the RESET pin must
be held to Low level until the required oscillation stabilization interval has elapsed.
Flags: No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
The statement
STOP
halts all microcontroller operations.
6-46
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
4
7F
Addr Mode
dst
src
–
–
S3C9228/P9228
SUB —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Subtract
SUB
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ dst – src
The source operand is subtracted from the destination operand and the result is stored in the
destination. The contents of the source are unaffected. Subtraction is performed by adding the
two's complement of the source operand to the destination operand.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if a "borrow" occurred; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the operands were of opposite signs and the sign
of the result is of the same as the sign of the source operand; cleared otherwise.
D: Always set to "1".
H: Cleared if there is a carry from the most significant bit of the low-order four bits of the result;
set otherwise indicating a "borrow".
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
22
r
r
6
23
r
lr
6
24
R
R
6
25
R
IR
6
26
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R1 = 12H, R2 = 03H, register 01H = 21H, register 02H = 03H, register 03H = 0AH:
SUB
SUB
SUB
SUB
SUB
SUB
R1,R2
R1,@R2
01H,02H
01H,@02H
01H,#90H
01H,#65H
→
→
→
→
→
→
R1 = 0FH, R2 = 03H
R1 = 08H, R2 = 03H
Register 01H = 1EH, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 17H, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 91H; C, S, and V = "1"
Register 01H = 0BCH; C and S = "1", V = "0"
In the first example, if working register R1 contains the value 12H and if register R2 contains the
value 03H, the statement "SUB R1,R2" subtracts the source value (03H) from the destination
value (12H) and stores the result (0FH) in destination register R1.
6-47
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
TCM —
S3C9228/P9228
Test Complement Under Mask
TCM
dst,src
Operation:
(NOT dst) AND src
This instruction tests selected bits in the destination operand for a logic one value. The bits to be
tested are specified by setting a "1" bit in the corresponding position of the source operand
(mask). The TCM statement complements the destination operand, which is then ANDed with the
source mask. The zero (Z) flag can then be checked to determine the result. The destination and
source operands are unaffected.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
D:
H:
Unaffected.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Always cleared to "0".
Unaffected.
Unaffected.
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
62
r
r
6
63
r
lr
6
64
R
R
6
65
R
IR
6
66
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, R2 = 12H, register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H, and register
02H = 23H:
TCM
TCM
TCM
TCM
R0,R1
R0,@R1
00H,01H
00H,@01H
→
→
→
→
TCM
00H,#34
→
R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, Z = "1"
R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, register 02H = 23H, Z = "0"
Register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H, Z = "1"
Register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H,
register 02H = 23H, Z = "1"
Register 00H = 2BH, Z = "0"
In the first example, if working register R0 contains the value 0C7H (11000111B) and register R1
the value 02H (00000010B), the statement "TCM R0,R1" tests bit one in the destination register
for a "1" value. Because the mask value corresponds to the test bit, the Z flag is set to logic one
and can be tested to determine the result of the TCM operation.
6-48
S3C9228/P9228
TM —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Test Under Mask
TM
dst,src
Operation:
dst AND src
This instruction tests selected bits in the destination operand for a logic zero value. The bits to be
tested are specified by setting a "1" bit in the corresponding position of the source operand
(mask), which is ANDed with the destination operand. The zero (Z) flag can then be checked to
determine the result. The destination and source operands are unaffected.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
D:
H:
Unaffected.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Always reset to "0".
Unaffected.
Unaffected.
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
72
r
r
6
73
r
lr
6
74
R
R
6
75
R
IR
6
76
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, R2 = 18H, register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H, and register
02H = 23H:
TM
TM
TM
TM
R0,R1
R0,@R1
00H,01H
00H,@01H
→
→
→
→
TM
00H,#54H
→
R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, Z = "0"
R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, register 02H = 23H, Z = "0"
Register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H, Z = "0"
Register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H,
register 02H = 23H, Z = "0"
Register 00H = 2BH, Z = "1"
In the first example, if working register R0 contains the value 0C7H (11000111B) and register R1
the value 02H (00000010B), the statement "TM R0,R1" tests bit one in the destination register for
a "0" value. Because the mask value does not match the test bit, the Z flag is cleared to logic zero
and can be tested to determine the result of the TM operation.
6-49
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
S3C9228/P9228
XOR — Logical Exclusive OR
XOR
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ dst XOR src
The source operand is logically exclusive-ORed with the destination operand and the result is
stored in the destination. The exclusive-OR operation results in a "1" bit being stored whenever
the corresponding bits in the operands are different; otherwise, a "0" bit is stored.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
D:
H:
Unaffected.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Always reset to "0".
Unaffected.
Unaffected.
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
B2
r
r
6
B3
r
lr
6
B4
R
R
6
B5
R
IR
6
B6
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, R2 = 18H, register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H, and register
02H = 23H:
XOR
XOR
XOR
XOR
R0,R1
R0,@R1
00H,01H
00H,@01H
→
→
→
→
XOR
00H,#54H
→
R0 = 0C5H, R1 = 02H
R0 = 0E4H, R1 = 02H, register 02H = 23H
Register 00H = 29H, register 01H = 02H
Register 00H = 08H, register 01H = 02H,
register 02H = 23H
Register 00H = 7FH
In the first example, if working register R0 contains the value 0C7H and if register R1 contains the
value 02H, the statement "XOR R0,R1" logically exclusive-ORs the R1 value with the R0 value
and stores the result (0C5H) in the destination register R0.
6-50
S3C9228/P9228
7
CLOCK CIRCUITS
CLOCK CIRCUITS
OVERVIEW
The S3C9228 microcontroller has two oscillator circuits: a main clock, and a sub clock circuit. The CPU and
peripheral hardware operate on the system clock frequency supplied through these circuits. The maximum CPU
clock frequency, is determined by CLKCON register settings.
SYSTEM CLOCK CIRCUIT
The system clock circuit has the following components:
— Crystal, ceramic resonator, RC oscillation source (main clock only), or an external clock
— Oscillator stop and wake-up functions
— Programmable frequency divider for the CPU clock (fxx divided by 1, 2, 8, or 16)
— Clock circuit control register, CLKCON
— Oscillator control register, OSCCON
CPU CLOCK NOTATION
In this document, the following notation is used for descriptions of the CPU clock:
fx main clock
fxt sub clock
fxx selected system clock
7-1
CLOCK CIRCUITS
S3C9228/P9228
SUB OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS
MAIN OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS
XIN
XTIN
XOUT
XTOUT
32.768 kHz
Figure 7-1. Crystal/Ceramic Oscillator
XIN
Figure 7-4. Crystal/Ceramic Oscillator
XTIN
XOUT
XTOUT
Figure 7-2. External Oscillator
XIN
R
XOUT
Figure 7-3. RC Oscillator
7-2
Figure 7-5. External Oscillator
S3C9228/P9228
CLOCK CIRCUITS
CLOCK STATUS DURING POWER-DOWN MODES
The two power-down modes, Stop mode and Idle mode, affect the system clock as follows:
— In Stop mode, the main oscillator is halted. Stop mode is released, and the oscillator started, by a reset
operation, by an external interrupt, or by an internal interrupt if sub clock is selected as the clock source
(When the fx is selected as system clock).
— In Idle mode, the internal clock signal is gated away from the CPU, but continues to be supplied to the
interrupt structure, timer A/B, and watch timer. Idle mode is released by a reset or by an external or
internal interrupts.
Stop Release
INT
Main-System
Oscillator
Circuit
fX
fXT
Sub-system
Oscillator
Circuit
Watch Timer
LCD Controller
Selector 1
fXX
Stop
OSCCON.3
Stop
OSCCON.0
Frequency
Dividing
Circuit
STPCON
1/1
CLKCON.4-.3
Basic Timer
Timer/Counters
Watch Timer
1/8-1/4096
STOP OSC
inst.
1/2
1/8
OSCCON.2
LCD Controller
SIO
1/16
A/D Converter
Selector 2
CPU
Figure 7-6. System Clock Circuit Diagram
7-3
CLOCK CIRCUITS
S3C9228/P9228
SYSTEM CLOCK CONTROL REGISTER (CLKCON)
The system clock control register, CLKCON, is located in address D4H. It is read/write addressable and has the
following functions:
— Oscillator IRQ wake-up function enable/disable
— Oscillator frequency divide-by value
CLKCON register settings control whether or not an external interrupt can be used to trigger a Stop mode release
(This is called the “IRQ wake-up” function). The IRQ “wake-up” enable bit is CLKCON.7.
After a reset, the external interrupt oscillator wake-up function is enabled, the main oscillator is activated, and the
fx/16 (the slowest clock speed) is selected as the CPU clock. If necessary, you can then increase the CPU clock
speed to fx, fx/2, or fx/8 by setting the CLKCON, and you can change system clock from main clock to sub clock
by setting the OSCCON.
System Clock Control Register (CLKCON)
D4H, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
Oscillator IRQ wake-up enable bit:
0 = Enable IRQ for main oscillator
wake-up function in power down
mode
1 = Disable IRQ for main oscillator
wake-up function in power down
mode
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
Not used for S3C92228 (must keep always "0")
Divide-by selection bits for
CPU clock frequency:
00 = fxx/16
01 = fxx/8
10 = fXx/2
11 = fxx
Not used for S3C9228 (must keep always "0")
Figure 7-7. System Clock Control Register (CLKCON)
7-4
S3C9228/P9228
CLOCK CIRCUITS
OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER (OSCCON)
The oscillator control register, OSCCON, is located in address D3H. It is read/write addressable and has the
following functions:
— System clock selection
— Main oscillator control
— Sub oscillator control
OSCCON.0 register settings select Main clock or Sub clock as system clock.
After a reset, Main clock is selected for system clock because the reset value of OSCCON.0 is "0".
The main oscillator can be stopped or run by setting OSCCON.3.
The sub oscillator can be stopped or run by setting OSCCON.2.
Oscillator Control Register (OSCCON)
D3H, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
System clock selection bit:
0 = Main oscillator select
1 = Sub oscillator select
Not used for S3C9228
Not used for S3C9228
Sub oscillator control bit:
0 = Sub oscillator RUN
1 = Sub oscillator STOP
Main oscillator control bit:
0 = Main oscillator RUN
1 = Main oscillator STOP
Figure 7-8. Oscillator Control Register (OSCCON)
7-5
CLOCK CIRCUITS
S3C9228/P9228
SWITCHING THE CPU CLOCK
Data loadings in the oscillator control register, OSCCON, determine whether a main or a sub clock is selected as
the CPU clock, and also how this frequency is to be divided by setting CLKCON. This makes it possible to switch
dynamically between main and sub clocks and to modify operating frequencies.
OSCCON.0 select the main clock (fx) or the sub clock (fxt) for the system clock. OSCCON .3 start or stop main
clock oscillation, and OSCCON.2 start or stop sub clock oscillation. CLKCON.4–.3 control the frequency divider
circuit, and divide the selected fxx clock by 1, 2, 8, or 16.
For example, you are using the default system clock (normal operating mode and a main clock of fx/16) and you
want to switch from the fx clock to a sub clock and to stop the main clock. To do this, you need to set OSCCON.0
to "1", take a delay, and OSCCON.3 to "1" sequently. This switches the clock from fx to fxt and stops main clock
oscillation.
The following steps must be taken to switch from a sub clock to the main clock: first, set OSCCON.3 to "0" to
enable main system clock oscillation. Then, after a certain number of machine cycles has elapsed, select the
main clock by setting OSCCON.0 to "0".
+PROGRAMMING TIP — Switching the CPU clock
1. This example shows how to change from the main clock to the sub clock:
MA2SUB
OR
CALL
OR
RET
OSCCON,#01H
DLY16
OSCCON,#08H
; Switches to the sub clock
; Delay 16ms
; Stop the main clock oscillation
2. This example shows how to change from sub clock to main clock:
SUB2MA
DLY16
DEL
7-6
AND
CALL
AND
RET
LD
NOP
DEC
JR
RET
OSCCON,#0F7H
DLY16
OSCCON,#0FEH
R0,#20H
R0
NZ,DEL
; Start the main clock oscillation
; Delay 16 ms
; Switch to the main clock
S3C9228/P9228
CLOCK CIRCUITS
STOP CONTROL REGISTER (STPCON)
The STOP control register, STPCON, is located in address E0H. It is read/write addressable and has the
following functions:
— Enable/Disable STOP instruction
After a reset, the STOP instruction is disabled, because the value of STPCON is "other values".
If necessary, you can use the STOP instruction by setting the value of STPCON to "10100101B".
Stop Control Register (STPCON)
E0H, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
STOP control bits:
10100101 = Enable STOP instruction
Other values = Disable STOP instruction
Figure 7-9. STOP Control Register (STPCON)
+PROGRAMMING TIP — How to Use Stop Instruction
This example shows how to go STOP mode when a main clock is selected as the system clock.
LD
STOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
LD
STOPCON,#1010010B
STOPCON,#00000000B
; Enable STOP instruction
; Enter STOP mode
; Release STOP mode
; Disable STOP instruction
7-7
CLOCK CIRCUITS
S3C9228/P9228
NOTES
7-8
RESET and POWER-DOWN
S3C9228/P9228
8
RESET and POWER-DOWN
SYSTEM RESET
OVERVIEW
During a power-on reset, the voltage at VDD goes to High level and the RESET pin is forced to Low level. The
RESET signal is input through a schmitt trigger circuit where it is then synchronized with the CPU clock. This
procedure brings S3C9228/P9228 into a known operating status.
To allow time for internal CPU clock oscillation to stabilize, the RESET pin must be held to Low level for a
minimum time interval after the power supply comes within tolerance. The minimum required oscillation
stabilization time for a reset operation is 1 millisecond.
Whenever a reset occurs during normal operation (that is, when both VDD and RESET are High level), the
RESET pin is forced Low and the reset operation starts. All system and peripheral control registers are then reset
to their default hardware values (see Table 8-1).
In summary, the following sequence of events occurs during a reset operation:
— All interrupts are disabled.
— The watchdog function (basic timer) is enabled.
— The P0.0–P0.3, P1, and P2.2–P2.3 are set to schmitt trigger input mode and all pull-up resistors are disabled
for the I/O port pin circuits.
— Peripheral control and data registers are disabled and reset to their default hardware values.
— The program counter (PC) is loaded with the program reset address in the ROM, 0100H.
— When the programmed oscillation stabilization time interval has elapsed, the instruction stored in ROM
location 0100H (and 0101H) is fetched and executed.
NOTE
To program the duration of the oscillation stabilization interval, you make the appropriate settings to the
basic timer control register, BTCON, before entering Stop mode. Also, if you do not want to use the basic
timer watchdog function (which causes a system reset if a basic timer counter overflow occurs), you can
disable it by writing '1010B' to the upper nibble of BTCON.
8-1
RESET and POWER-DOWN
S3C9228/P9228
POWER-DOWN MODES
STOP MODE
Stop mode is invoked by the instruction STOP. In Stop mode, the operation of the CPU and main oscillator is
halted. All peripherals which the main oscillator is selected as a clock source stop also because main oscillator
stops. But the watch timer and LCD controller will not halted in stop mode if the sub clock is selected as watch
timer clock source. The data stored in the internal register file are retained in stop mode. Stop mode can be
released in one of three ways: by a system reset, by an internal watch timer interrupt (when sub clock is selected
as clock source of watch timer), or by an external interrupt.
Example:
LD
STOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
LD
STOPCON,#10100101B
STOPCON,#00000000B
NOTES
1. Do not use stop mode if you are using an external clock source because XIN input must be restricted
internally to VSS to reduce current leakage.
2. In application programs, a STOP instruction must be immediately followed by at least three NOP
instructions. This ensures an adequate time interval for the clock to stabilize before the next
instruction is executed. If three or more NOP instructions are not used after STOP instruction,
leakage current could be flown because of the floating state in the internal bus.
3. To enable/disable STOP instruction, the STOPCON register should be written with
10100101B/other values before/after stop instruction.
Using RESET to Release Stop Mode
Stop mode is released when the RESET signal goes active (Low level): all system and peripheral control
registers are reset to their default hardware values and the contents of all data registers are retained. When the
programmed oscillation stabilization interval has elapsed, the CPU starts the system initialization routine by
fetching the program instruction stored in ROM location 0100H.
Using an External Interrupt to Release Stop Mode
External interrupts can be used to release stop mode. For the S3C9228 microcontroller, we recommend using
the INT interrupt, P0, P1, and P3.
8-2
S3C9228/P9228
RESET and POWER-DOWN
Using an Internal Interrupt to Release Stop Mode
An internal interrupt, watch timer, can be used to release stop mode because the watch timer operates in stop
mode if the clock source of watch timer is sub clock. If system clock is sub clock, you can't use any interrupts to
release stop mode. That is, you had better use the idle instruction instead of stop one when sub clock is selected
as the system clock.
Please note the following conditions for Stop mode release:
— If you release stop mode using an internal or external interrupt, the current values in system and peripheral
control registers are unchanged.
— If you use an internal or external interrupt for stop mode release, you can also program the duration of the
oscillation stabilization interval. To do this, you must make the appropriate control and clock settings before
entering stop mode.
— If you use an interrupt to release stop mode, the bit-pair setting for CLKCON.4/CLKCON.3 remains
unchanged and the currently selected clock value is used.
— The internal or external interrupt is serviced when the stop mode release occurs. Following the IRET from
the service routine, the instruction immediately following the one that initiated stop mode is executed.
IDLE MODE
Idle mode is invoked by the instruction IDLE (opcode 6FH). In Idle mode, CPU operations are halted while some
peripherals remain active. During Idle mode, the internal clock signal is gated away from the CPU and from all
but the following peripherals, which remain active:
— Interrupt logic
— Basic timer
— Timer 1 (Timer A and B)
— Watch timer
— LCD controller
I/O port pins retain the mode (input or output) they had at the time Idle mode was entered.
Idle Mode Release
You can release Idle mode in one of two ways:
1. Execute a reset. All system and peripheral control registers are reset to their default values and the contents
of all data registers are retained. The reset automatically selects the slowest clock (1/16) because of the
hardware reset value for the CLKCON register. If all external interrupts are masked in the IMR register, a
reset is the only way you can release Idle mode.
2. Activate any enabled interrupt — internal or external. When you use an interrupt to release Idle mode,
the 2-bit CLKCON.4/CLKCON.3 value remains unchanged, and the currently selected clock value is
used. The interrupt is then serviced. When the return-from-interrupt condition (IRET) occurs, the
instruction immediately following the one which initiated Idle mode is executed.
8-3
RESET and POWER-DOWN
S3C9228/P9228
HARDWARE RESET VALUES
Table 8-1 list the values for CPU and system registers, peripheral control registers, and peripheral data registers
following a RESET operation in normal operating mode. The following notation is used in these table to represent
specific RESET values:
— A "1" or a "0" shows the RESET bit value as logic one or logic zero, respectively.
— An 'x' means that the bit value is undefined following RESET.
— A dash ('–') means that the bit is either not used or not mapped.
Table 8-1. Register Values after RESET
Register Name
Mnemonic
Bit Values after RESET
Address
Dec
Hex
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Locations B8H–B9H are not mapped.
Timer B Control Register
TBCON
202
BAH
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
–
Timer 1/A Control Register
TACON
203
BBH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
–
Timer B Data Register
TBDATA
204
BCH
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Timer A Data Register
TADATA
205
BDH
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Timer B Counter
TBCNT
206
BEH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Timer A Counter
TACNT
207
BFH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
A/D Converter Control Register
ADCON
208
D0H
–
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
A/D Converter Data Register (high byte)
ADDATAH
209
D1H
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
A/D Converter Data Register (low byte)
ADDATAL
210
D2H
–
–
–
–
–
–
X
X
Oscillator Control Register
OSCCON
211
D3H
–
–
–
–
0
0
–
0
System Clock Control Register
CLKCON
212
D4H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
FLAGS
213
D5H
X
X
X
X
–
–
–
–
Interrupt Pending Register 1
INTPND1
214
D6H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Interrupt Pending Register 2
INTPND2
215
D7H
–
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
LOPT
216
D8H
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SP
217
D9H
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
WTCON
218
DAH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
–
System Flags Register
LCD Port Control Register
Stack Pointer
Watch Timer Control Register
Locations DBH is not mapped.
Basic Timer Control Register
BTCON
220
DCH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Basic Timer Counter
BTCNT
221
DDH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Locations DEH is not mapped.
8-4
RESET and POWER-DOWN
S3C9228/P9228
Table 8-1. Register Values after RESET (Continued)
Register Name
Mnemonic
Bit Values after RESET
Address
Dec
Hex
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
System Mode Register
SYM
223
DFH
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
STOP Control Register
STPCON
224
E0H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SIO Control Register
SIOCON
225
E1H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
–
SIO Data Register
SIODATA
226
E2H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SIOPS
227
E3H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 0 Data Register
P0
228
E4H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 1 Data Register
P1
229
E5H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 2 Data Register
P2
230
E6H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 3 Data Register
P3
231
E7H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 4 Data Register
P4
232
E8H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 5 Data Register
P5
233
E9H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 6 Data Register
P6
234
EAH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 0 Control Register
P0CON
235
EBH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 0 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register
P0PUR
236
ECH
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Port 0 Interrupt Control Register
P0INT
237
EDH
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
P0EDGE
238
EEH
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Port 1 Control Register
P1CON
239
EFH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 1 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register
P1PUR
240
F0H
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Port 1 Interrupt Control Register
P1INT
241
F1H
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
P1EDGE
242
F2H
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Port 2 Control Register
P2CON
243
F3H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 2 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register
P2PUR
244
F4H
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Port 3 Control Register
P3CON
245
F5H
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Port 3 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register
P3PUR
246
F6H
–
–
–
–
–
–
0
0
Port 3 Interrupt Control Register
P3INT
247
F7H
–
–
–
–
–
–
0
0
Port 3 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
P3EDGE
248
F8H
–
–
–
–
–
–
0
0
Port 4 Control Register (High Byte)
P4CONH
249
F9H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 4 Control Register (High Byte)
P4CONL
250
FAH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 5 Control Register (High Byte)
P5CONH
251
FBH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 5 Control Register (High Byte)
P5CONL
252
FCH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 6 Control Register
P6CON
253
FDH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
LCD Mode Register
LMOD
254
FEH
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SIO Prescaler Register
Port 0 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
Port 1 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
Location FFH is not mapped.
8-5
RESET and POWER-DOWN
S3C9228/P9228
NOTES
8-6
S3C9228/P9228
9
I/O PORTS
I/O PORTS
OVERVIEW
The S3C9228/P9228 microcontroller has seven bit-programmable I/O ports, P0-P6. Port 0 is 6-bit port, port 1,
port 2, and port 6 are 4-bit ports, port 3 is 2-bit port, and port 4 and port 5 are 8-bit ports. This gives a total of 36
I/O pins. Each port can be flexibly configured to meet application design requirements.
The CPU accesses ports by directly writing or reading port registers. No special I/O instructions are required. All
ports of the S3C9228/P9228 except P0.4 and P0.5 can be configured to input or output mode. All LCD signal pins
are shared with normal I/O ports.
Table 9-1 gives you a general overview of S3C9228 I/O port functions.
Table 9-1. S3C9228 Port Configuration Overview
Port
Configuration Options
0
1-bit programmable I/O port except P0.4 and P0.5.
Schmitt trigger input or push-pull, open-drain output and software assignable pull-ups.
The P0.4 and P0.5 are only push-pull output ports.
Alternatively P0.0-P0.3 can be used as input for external interrupts INT and can be used as
TAOUT, T1CLK, and BUZ.
1
1-bit programmable I/O port.
Schmitt trigger input or push-pull, open-drain output and software assignable pull-ups.
Alternatively P1 can be used as input for external interrupts INT and can be used as AD0-AD3.
2
1-bit programmable I/O port.
Schmitt trigger input or push-pull, open-drain output and software assignable pull-ups.
Alternatively P2.0 and P2.1 can be used as outputs for LCD segment signals and P2.0-P2.2
can be used as SCK, SO, and SI.
3
1-bit programmable I/O port.
Schmitt trigger input or push-pull, open-drain output and software assignable pull-ups.
Alternatively P3 can be used as input for external interrupts INTP and can be used as outputs
for LCD segment signals.
4
1-bit programmable I/O port.
Input or push-pull, open-drain output and software assignable pull-ups.
Alternatively P4 can be used as outputs for LCD segment signals.
5
1-bit programmable I/O port.
Input or push-pull, open-drain output and software assignable pull-ups.
Alternatively P5.0-P5.3 can be used as outputs for LCD segment signals and P5.4-P5.7 can be
used as outputs for LCD common or segment signals.
6
1-bit programmable I/O port.
Input or push-pull, open-drain output and software assignable pull-ups.
Alternatively P6 can be used as outputs for LCD common signals.
9-1
I/O PORTS
S3C9228/P9228
PORT DATA REGISTERS
Table 9-2 gives you an overview of the register locations of all seven S3C9228 I/O port data registers. Data
registers for ports 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 have the general format shown in Figure 9-1.
Table 9-2. Port Data Register Summary
Register Name
Mnemonic
Decimal
Hex
R/W
Port 0 data register
P0
228
E4H
R/W
Port 1 data register
P1
229
E5H
R/W
Port 2 data register
P2
230
E6H
R/W
Port 3 data register
P3
231
E7H
R/W
Port 4 data register
P4
232
E8H
R/W
Port 5 data register
P5
233
E9H
R/W
Port 6 data register
P6
234
EAH
R/W
S3C9228 I/O Port Data Register Format (n = 0-6)
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
Pn.7
Pn.6
Pn.5
Pn.4
Pn.3
Pn.2
Pn.1
Pn.0
LSB
Figure 9-1. S3C9228 I/O Port Data Register Format
9-2
S3C9228/P9228
I/O PORTS
PORT 0
Port 0 is an 6-bit I/O port with individually configurable pins. Port 0 pins are accessed directly by writing or
reading the port 0 data register, P0 at location E4H in page 0. P0.0-P0.3 can serve as inputs (with or without pullup), as outputs (push-pull or open-drain) or you can be configured the following functions.
— Low-nibble pins (P0.0-P0.3): TAOUT,T1CLK, BUZ, INT
— High-nibble pins (P0.4-P0.5): push-pull output ports (only 44-QFP package)
Port 0 Control register (P0CON)
Port 0 has a 8-bit control register: P0CON for P0.0-P0.3. A reset clears the P0CON register to “00H”, configuring
pins to input mode. You use control register setting to select input or output mode (push-pull or open-drain) and
enable the alternative functions.
When programming this port, please remember that any alternative peripheral I/O function you configure using
the port 0 control register must also be enabled in the associated peripheral module.
Port 0 Pull-up Resistor Control Register (P0PUR)
Using the port 0 pull-up resistor control register, P0PUR (ECH, page 0), you can configure pull-up resistors to
individual port 0 pins.
Port 0 Interrupt Enable, Pending, and Edge Selection Registers (P0INT, INTPND1.3-.0, P0EDGE)
To process external interrupts at the port 0 pins, three additional control registers are provided: the port 0
interrupt enable register P0INT (EDH, page 0), the port 0 interrupt pending bits INTPND1.3-.0 (D6H, page 0), and
the port 0 interrupt edge selection register P0EDGE (EEH, page 0).
The port 0 interrupt pending register bits lets you check for interrupt pending conditions and clear the pending
condition when the interrupt service routine has been initiated. The application program detects interrupt requests
by polling the INTPND1.3-.0 register at regular intervals.
When the interrupt enable bit of any port 0 pin is "1", a rising or falling edge at that pin will generate an interrupt
request. The corresponding INTPND1 bit is then automatically set to "1" and the IRQ level goes low to signal the
CPU that an interrupt request is waiting. When the CPU acknowledges the interrupt request, application software
must the clear the pending condition by writing a "0" to the corresponding INTPND1 bit.
9-3
I/O PORTS
S3C9228/P9228
Port 0 Control Register (P0CON)
EBH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
P0.3/BUZ
(INT)
.5
.4
P0.2
(INT)
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P0.1/T1CLK P0.0/TAOUT
(INT)
(INT)
P0CON bit-pair pin configuration settings:
Schmitt trigger input mode (T1CLK)
Push-pull output mode
00
01
10
11
N-channel open-drain output mode
Alternative function (TAOUT, BUZ)
Figure 9-2. Port 0 Control Register (P0CON)
Port 0 Interrupt Control Register (P0INT)
EDH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
Not used
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P0.3 P0.2 P0.1 P0.0
(INT) (INT) (INT) (INT)
P0INT bit configuration settings:
0
1
Disable interrupt
Enable interrupt
Figure 9-3. Port 0 Interrupt Control Register (P0INT)
9-4
S3C9228/P9228
I/O PORTS
Port 0 Interrupt Pending Bits (INTPND1.3-.0)
D6H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0 P0.3 P0.2 P0.1 P0.0
(INT) (INT) (INT) (INT) (INT) (INT) (INT) (INT)
INTPND1 bit configuration settings:
0
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
Interrupt is pending (when read)
1
Figure 9-4. Port 0 Interrupt Pending Bits (INTPND1.3-.0)
Port 0 Interrupt Edge Selection Register (P0EDGE)
EEH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P0.3 P0.2 P0.1 P0.0
(INT) (INT) (INT) (INT)
Not used
P0EDGE bit configuration settings:
0
1
Falling edge detection
Rising edge detection
Figure 9-5. Port 0 Interrupt Edge Selection Register (P0EDGE)
Port 0 Pull-up Control Register (P0PUR)
ECH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
Not used
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
P0.3
P0.2
P0.1
P0.0
LSB
P0PUR bit configuration settings:
0
1
Disable pull-up resistor
Enable pull-up resistor
Figure 9-6. Port 0 Pull-up Control Register (P0PUR)
9-5
I/O PORTS
S3C9228/P9228
PORT 1
Port 1 is an 4-bit I/O port with individually configurable pins. Port 1 pins are accessed directly by writing or
reading the port 1 data register, P1 at location E5H in page 0. P1.0-P1.3 can serve as inputs (with or without pullup), as outputs (push-pull or open-drain) or you can be configured the following functions.
— Low-nibble pins (P1.0-P1.3): AD0-AD3, INT
Port 1 Control Register (P1CON)
Port 1 has a 8-bit control register: P1CON for P1.0-P1.3. A reset clears the P1CON register to "00H", configuring
pins to input mode. You use control register setting to select input or output mode (push-pull or open-drain) and
enable the alternative functions.
When programming this port, please remember that any alternative peripheral I/O function you configure using
the port 1 control register must also be enabled in the associated peripheral module.
Port 1 Pull-up Resistor Control Register (P1PUR)
Using the port 1 pull-up resistor control register, P1PUR (F0H, page 0), you can configure pull-up resistors to
individual port 1 pins.
Port 1 Interrupt Enable, Pending, and Edge Selection Registers (P1INT, INTPND1.7-.4, P1EDGE)
To process external interrupts at the port 1 pins, three additional control registers are provided: the port 1
interrupt enable register P1INT (F1H, page 0), the port 1 interrupt pending bits INTPND1.7-.4 (D6H, page 0), and
the port 1 interrupt edge selection register P1EDGE (F2H, page 0).
The port 1 interrupt pending register bits lets you check for interrupt pending conditions and clear the pending
condition when the interrupt service routine has been initiated. The application program detects interrupt requests
by polling the INTPND1.7-.4 register at regular intervals.
When the interrupt enable bit of any port 1 pin is "1", a rising or falling edge at that pin will generate an interrupt
request. The corresponding INTPND1 bit is then automatically set to "1" and the IRQ level goes low to signal the
CPU that an interrupt request is waiting. When the CPU acknowledges the interrupt request, application software
must the clear the pending condition by writing a "0" to the corresponding INTPND1 bit.
Port 1 Control Register (P1CON)
EFH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
P1.3/AD3
(INT)
.5
.4
P1.2/AD2
(INT)
.3
.2
P1.1/AD1
(INT)
.1
.0
P1.0/AD0
(INT)
P1CON bit-pair pin configuration settings:
00
01
Schmitt trigger input mode
Push-pull output mode
10
11
N-channel open-drain output mode
Alternative function (AD0,AD1, AD2, AD3)
Figure 9-7. Port 1 Control Register (P1CON)
9-6
LSB
S3C9228/P9228
I/O PORTS
Port 1 Interrupt Control Register (P1INT)
F1H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0
(INT) (INT) (INT) (INT)
Not used
P1INT bit configuration settings:
0
1
Disable interrupt
Enable interrupt
Figure 9-8. Port 1 Interrupt Control Register (P1INT)
Port 1 Interrupt Pending Bits (INTPND1.7-.4)
D6H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0 P0.3 P0.2 P0.1 P0.0
(INT) (INT) (INT) (INT) (INT) (INT) (INT) (INT)
INTPND1 bit configuration settings:
0
1
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
Interrupt is pending (when read)
Figure 9-9. Port 1 Interrupt Pending Bits (INTPND1.7-.4)
9-7
I/O PORTS
S3C9228/P9228
Port 1 Interrupt Edge Selection Register (P1EDGE)
F2H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0
(INT) (INT) (INT) (INT)
Not used
P1EDGE bit configuration settings:
0
Falling edge detection
Rising edge detection
1
Figure 9-10. Port 1 Interrupt Edge Selection Register (P1EDGE)
Port 1 Pull-up Control Register (P1PUR)
F0H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
Not used
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
P1.3
P1.2
P1.1
P1.0
LSB
P1PUR bit configuration settings:
0
1
Disable pull-up resistor
Enable pull-up resistor
Figure 9-11. Port 1 Pull-up Control Register (P1PUR)
9-8
S3C9228/P9228
I/O PORTS
PORT 2
Port 2 is an 4-bit I/O port with individually configurable pins. Port 2 pins are accessed directly by writing or
reading the port 2 data register, P2 at location E6H in page 0. P2.0-P2.3 can serve as inputs (with or without pullup), as outputs (push-pull or open-drain) or you can be configured the following functions.
— Low-nibble pins (P2.0-P2.3): SCK, SO, SI, SEG0-SEG1
Port 2 Control Register (P2CON)
Port 2 has a 8-bit control register: P2CON for P2.0-P2.3. A reset clears the P2CON register to "00H", configuring
pins to input mode. You use control register setting to select input or output mode (push-pull or open-drain) and
enable the alternative functions.
When programming this port, please remember that any alternative peripheral I/O function you configure using
the port 2 control register must also be enabled in the associated peripheral module.
Port 2 Pull-up Resistor Control Register (P2PUR)
Using the port 2 pull-up resistor control register, P2PUR (F4H, page 0), you can configure pull-up resistors to
individual port 2 pins.
Port 2 Control Register (P2CON)
F3H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
P2.3
.5
.4
P2.2/SI
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P2.1/SO/SEG0 P2.0/SCK/SEG1
P2CON bit-pair pin configuration settings:
00
Schmitt trigger input mode (SI,SCK)
01
Push-pull output mode
10
N-channel open-drain output mode
11
Alternative function (SCK, SO)
Figure 9-12. Port 2 Control Register (P2CON)
9-9
I/O PORTS
S3C9228/P9228
Port 2 Pull-up Control Register (P2PUR)
F4H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
Not used
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
P2.3
P2.2
P2.1
P2.0
LSB
P2PUR bit configuration settings:
0
1
Disable pull-up resistor
Enable pull-up resistor
Figure 9-13. Port 2 Pull-up Control Register (P2PUR)
9-10
S3C9228/P9228
I/O PORTS
PORT 3
Port 3 is an 2-bit I/O port with individually configurable pins. Port 3 pins are accessed directly by writing or
reading the port 3 data register, P3 at location E7H in page 0. P3.0-P3.1 can serve as inputs (with or without pullup, and high impedance input), as outputs (push-pull or open-drain) or you can be configured the following
functions.
— Low-nibble pins (P3.0-P3.1): SEG2-SEG3, INTP
Port 3 Control Register (P3CON)
Port 3 has a 8-bit control register: P3CON for P3.0-P3.1. A reset clears the P3CON register to "00H", configuring
pins to input mode. You use control register setting to select input or output mode (push-pull or open-drain).
Port 3 Pull-up Resistor Control Register (P3PUR)
Using the port 3 pull-up resistor control register, P3PUR (F6H, page 0), you can configure pull-up resistors to
individually port 3 pins.
Port 3 Interrupt Enable, Pending, and Edge Selection Registers(P3INT, INTPND2.5-.4, P3EDGE)
To process external interrupts at the port 3 pins, three additional control registers are provided: the port 3
interrupt enable register P3INT (F7H, page 0), the port 3 interrupt pending bits INTPND2.5-.4 (D7H, page 0), and
the port 3 interrupt edge selection register P3EDGE (F8H, page 0).
The port 3 interrupt pending register bits lets you check for interrupt pending conditions and clear the pending
condition when the interrupt service routine has been initiated. The application program detects interrupt requests
by polling the INTPND2.5-.4 register at regular intervals.
When the interrupt enable bit of any port 3 pin is "1", a rising or falling edge at that pin will generate an interrupt
request. The corresponding INTPND2 bit is then automatically set to "1" and the IRQ level goes low to signal the
CPU that an interrupt request is waiting. When the CPU acknowledges the interrupt request, application software
must the clear the pending condition by writing a "0" to the corresponding INTPND2 bit.
Port 3 Control Register (P3CON)
F5H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
Not used
.4
.3
.2
P3.1/SEG2
(INTP)
.1
.0
LSB
P3.0/SEG3
(INTP)
P3CON bit-pair pin configuration settings:
00
01
Schmitt trigger input mode
Push-pull output mode
10
11
N-channel open-drain output mode
Not available
Figure 9-14. Port 3 Control Register (P3CON)
9-11
I/O PORTS
S3C9228/P9228
Port 3 Interrupt Control Register (P3INT)
F7H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P3.1 P3.0
(INTP) (INTP)
Not used
P3INT bit configuration settings:
0
1
Disable interrupt
Enable interrupt
Figure 9-15. Port 3 Interrupt Control Register (P3INT)
Port 3 Interrupt Pending Bits (INTPND2.5-.4)
D7H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
Not used
.5
.4
P3.0 (INTP)
.3
.2
SIO
P3.0 (INTP) Watch Timer
.1
.0
LSB
Timer 1/A
Timer B
INTPND2 bit configuration settings:
0
1
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
Interrupt is pending (when read)
Figure 9-16. Port 3 Interrupt Pending Bits (INTPND2.5-.4)
9-12
S3C9228/P9228
I/O PORTS
Port 3 Interrupt Edge Selection Register (P3EDGE)
F8H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P3.1 P3.0
(INTP) (INTP)
Not used
P3EDGE bit configuration settings:
0
1
Falling edge detection
Rising edge detection
Figure 9-17. Port 3 Interrupt Edge Selection Register (P3EDGE)
Port 3 Pull-up Control Register (P3PUR)
F6H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
Not used
.1
.0
P3.1
P3.0
LSB
P3PUR bit configuration settings:
0
1
Disable pull-up resistor
Enable pull-up resistor
Figure 9-18. Port 3 Pull-up Control Register (P3PUR)
9-13
I/O PORTS
S3C9228/P9228
PORT 4
Port 4 is an 8-bit I/O port with individually configurable pins. Port 4 pins are accessed directly by writing or
reading the port 4 data register, P4 at location E8H in page 0. P4.0-P4.7 can serve as inputs or as push-pull,
open-drain outputs. You can configure the following alternative functions with LCD port control register, LPOT:
— Low-nibble pins (P4.0-P4.3): SEG4-SEG7
— High-nibble pins (P4.4-P4.7): SEG8-SEG11
Port 4 Control Registers (P4CONH, P4CONL)
Port 4 has two 8-bit control registers: P4CONH for P4.4-P4.7 and P4CONL for P4.0-P4.3. A reset clears the
P4CONH and P4CONL registers to "00H", configuring all pins to input mode. You use control registers setting to
select input or output mode.
Port 4 Control Register, High Byte (P4CONH)
F9H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
P4.7/SEG11 P4.6/SEG10 P4.5/SEG9
.1
.0
LSB
P4.4/SEG8
P4CONH bit-pair pin configuration settings:
00
01
10
11
Input mode
Push-pull output mode
N-channel open-drain output mode
Input mode with pull-up
Figure 9-19. Port 4 High-Byte Control Register (P4CONH)
Port 4 Control Register, Low Byte (P4CONL)
FAH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
P4.3/SEG7
.5
.4
P4.2/SEG6
.3
.2
P4.1/SEG5
.1
.0
LSB
P4.0/SEG4
P4CONL bit-pair pin configuration settings:
00
01
10
Input mode
Push-pull output mode
N-channel open-drain output mode
11
Input mode with pull-up
Figure 9-20. Port 4 Low-Byte Control Register (P4CONL)
9-14
S3C9228/P9228
I/O PORTS
PORT 5
Port 5 is an 8-bit I/O port with individually configurable pins. Port 5 pins are accessed directly by writing or
reading the port 5 data register, P5 at location E9H in page 0. P5.0-P5.7 can serve as inputs or as push-pull,
open-drain outputs. You can configure the following alternative functions with LCD port control register, LPOT:
— Low-nibble pins (P5.0-P5.3): SEG12-SEG15
— High-nibble pins (P5.4-P5.7): SEG16-SEG19, COM4-COM7
Port 5 Control Registers (P5CONH, P5CONL)
Port 5 has two 8-bit control registers: P5CONH for P5.4-P5.7 and P4CONL for P5.0-P5.3. A reset clears the
P5CONH and P5CONL registers to "00H", configuring all pins to input mode. You use control registers setting to
select input or output mode.
Port 5 Control Register, High Byte (P5CONH)
FBH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
P5.6/SEG18/COM5
P5.7/SEG19/COM4
.1
.0
LSB
P5.4/SEG16/COM7
P5.5/SEG17/COM6
P5CONH bit-pair pin configuration settings:
00
01
10
11
Input mode
Push-pull output mode
N-channel open-drain output mode
Input mode with pull-up
Figure 9-21. Port 5 High-Byte Control Register (P5CONH)
Port 5 Control Register, Low Byte (P5CONL)
FCH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P5.3/SEG15 P5.2/SEG14 P5.1/SEG13 P5.0/SEG12
P5CONL bit-pair pin configuration settings:
00
01
Input mode
Push-pull output mode
10
11
N-channel open-drain output mode
Input mode with pull-up
Figure 9-22. Port 5 Low-Byte Control Register (P5CONL)
9-15
I/O PORTS
S3C9228/P9228
PORT 6
Port 6 is an 4-bit I/O port with individually configurable pins. Port 6 pins are accessed directly by writing or
reading the port 6 data register, P6 at location EAH in page 0. P6.0-P6.3 can serve as inputs or as push-pull,
open-drain outputs. You can configure the following alternative functions with LCD port control register, LPOT:
— Low-nibble pins (P6.0-P6.3): COM0-COM3
Port 6 Control Register (P6CON)
Port 6 has a 8-bit control register: P6CONH for P6.0-P6.3. A reset clears the P6CON registers to "00H",
configuring all pins to input mode. You use control registers setting to select input or output mode.
Port 6 Control Register, Low Byte (P6CON)
FDH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
P6.3/COM0 P6.2/COM1 P6.1/COM2
.1
.0
P6.0/COM3
P6CON bit-pair pin configuration settings:
00
01
10
11
Input mode
Push-pull output mode
N-channel open-drain output mode
Input mode with pull-up
Figure 9-23. Port 6 Control Register (P6CON)
9-16
LSB
S3C9228/P9228 (Preliminary Spec)
10
BASIC TIMER
BASIC TIMER
OVERVIEW
Basic timer (BT) can be used in two different ways:
— As a watchdog timer to provide an automatic reset mechanism in the event of a system malfunction.
— To signal the end of the required oscillation stabilization interval after a reset or a stop mode release.
The functional components of the basic timer block are:
— Clock frequency divider (f xx divided by 4096, 1024, 128, or 16) with multiplexer
— 8-bit basic timer counter, BTCNT (DDH, read-only)
— Basic timer control register, BTCON (DCH, read/write)
10-1
BASIC TIMER
S3C9228/P9228 (Preliminary Spec)
BASIC TIMER CONTROL REGISTER (BTCON)
The basic timer control register, BTCON, is used to select the input clock frequency, to clear the basic timer
counter and frequency dividers, and to enable or disable the watchdog timer function. It is located in page 0,
address DCH, and is read/write addressable using Register addressing mode.
A reset clears BTCON to "00H". This enables the watchdog function and selects a basic timer clock frequency of
f xx/4096. To disable the watchdog function, you must write the signature code “1010B” to the basic timer register
control bits BTCON.7–BTCON.4.
The 8-bit basic timer counter, BTCNT (page 0, DDH), can be cleared at any time during normal operation by
writing a "1" to BTCON.1. To clear the frequency dividers for the basic timer input clock and timer counters, you
write a "1" to BTCON.0.
Basic TImer Control Register (BTCON)
DCH, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
Watchdog function enable bits:
1010B
= Disable watchdog timer
Other Value = Enable watchdog timer
.2
.1
.0
LSB
Divider clear bit for basic timer
and timer counters:
0 = No effect
1 = Clear divider
Basic timer counter clear bit:
0 = No effect
1 = Clear BTCNT
Basic timer input clock selection bits:
00 = fXX/4096
01 = fXX/1024
10 = fXX/128
11 = fXX/16
Figure 10-1. Basic Timer Control Register (BTCON)
10-2
S3C9228/P9228 (Preliminary Spec)
BASIC TIMER
BASIC TIMER FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Watchdog Timer Function
You can program the basic timer overflow signal (BTOVF) to generate a reset by setting BTCON.7–BTCON.4 to
any value other than “1010B”. (The “1010B” value disables the watchdog function.) A reset clears BTCON to
“00H”, automatically enabling the watchdog timer function. A reset also selects the CPU clock (as determined by
the current CLKCON register setting), divided by 4096, as the BT clock.
A reset whenever a basic timer counter overflow occurs. During normal operation, the application program must
prevent the overflow, and the accompanying reset operation, from occurring. To do this, the BTCNT value must
be cleared (by writing a "1" to BTCON.1) at regular intervals.
If a system malfunction occurs due to circuit noise or some other error condition, the BT counter clear operation
will not be executed and a basic timer overflow will occur, initiating a reset. In other words, during normal
operation, the basic timer overflow loop (a bit 7 overflow of the 8-bit basic timer counter, BTCNT) is always
broken by a BTCNT clear instruction. If a malfunction does occur, a reset is triggered automatically.
Oscillation Stabilization Interval Timer Function
You can also use the basic timer to program a specific oscillation stabilization interval following a reset or when
stop mode has been released by an external interrupt.
In stop mode, whenever a reset or an internal and an external interrupt occurs, the oscillator starts. The BTCNT
value then starts increasing at the rate of fxx/4096 (for reset), or at the rate of the preset clock source (for an
internal and an external interrupt). When BTCNT.3 overflows, a signal is generated to indicate that the
stabilization interval has elapsed and to gate the clock signal off to the CPU so that it can resume normal
operation.
In summary, the following events occur when stop mode is released:
1. During stop mode, a power-on reset or an internal and an external interrupt occurs to trigger the stop mode
release and oscillation starts.
2. If a power-on reset occurred, the basic timer counter will increase at the rate of fxx/4096. If an internal and an
external interrupt is used to release stop mode, the BTCNT value increases at the rate of the preset clock
source.
3. Clock oscillation stabilization interval begins and continues until bit 3 of the basic timer counter overflows.
4. When a BTCNT.3 overflow occurs, normal CPU operation resumes.
10-3
BASIC TIMER
S3C9228/P9228 (Preliminary Spec)
RESET or STOP
Bit 1
Bits 3, 2
Basic Timer Control Register
(Write '1010xxxxB' to Disable)
Data Bus
fXX/4096
Clear
fXX/1024
fXX
DIV
fXX/128
MUX
8-Bit Up Counter
(BTCNT, Read-Only)
OVF
fXX/16
R
Start the CPU (note)
Bit 0
NOTE:
During a power-on reset operation, the CPU is idle during the required oscillation
stabilization interval (until bit 4 of the basic timer counter overflows).
Figure 10-2. Basic Timer Block Diagram
10-4
RESET
S3C9228/P9228
11
TIMER 1
TIMER 1
ONE 16-BIT TIMER MODE (TIMER 1)
The 16-bit timer 1 is used in one 16-bit timer or two 8-bit timers mode. If TACON.7 is set to "1", timer 1 is used
as a 16-bit timer. If TACON.7 is set to "0", timer 1 is used as two 8-bit timers.
— One 16-bit timer mode (Timer 1)
— Two 8-bit timers mode (Timer A and B)
OVERVIEW
The 16-bit timer 1 is an 16-bit general-purpose timer. Timer 1 has the interval timer mode by using the
appropriate TACON setting.
Timer 1 has the following functional components:
— Clock frequency divider (fxx divided by 512, 256, 64, 8, or 1, fxt, and T1CLK: External clock) with multiplexer
— 16-bit counter (TACNT, TBCNT), 16-bit comparator, and 16-bit reference data register (TADATA, TBDATA)
— Timer 1 match interrupt generation
— Timer 1 control register, TACON (page 0, BBH, read/write)
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Interval Timer Function
The timer 1 module can generate an interrupt: the timer 1 match interrupt (T1INT).
The T1INT pending condition should be cleared by software when it has been serviced. Even though T1INT is
disabled, the application's service routine can detect a pending condition of T1INT by the software and execute
it's sub-routine. When this case is used, the T1INT pending bit must be cleared by the application sub-routine by
writing a "0" to the INTPND2.0 pending bit.
In interval timer mode, a match signal is generated when the counter value is identical to the values written to
the timer 1 reference data registers, TADATA and TBDATA. The match signal generates a timer 1 match
interrupt and clears the counter.
If, for example, you write the value 32H and 10H to TADATA and TBDATA, respectively, and 8EH to TACON,
the counter will increment until it reaches 3210H. At this point, the timer 1 interrupt request is generated, the
counter value is reset, and counting resumes.
11-1
TIMER 1
S3C9228/P9228
Timer 1 Control Register (TACON)
You use the timer 1 control register, TACON, to
— Enable the timer 1 operating (interval timer)
— Select the timer 1 input clock frequency
— Clear the timer 1 counter, TACNT and TBCNT
— Enable the timer 1 interrupt
TACON is located in page 0, at address BBH, and is read/write addressable using register addressing mode.
A reset clears TACON to "00H". This sets timer 1 to disable interval timer mode, selects an input clock frequency
of fxx/512, and disables timer 1 interrupt. You can clear the timer 1 counter at any time during normal operation
by writing a "1" to TACON.3.
To enable the timer 1 interrupt, you must write TACON.7, TACON.2, and TACON.1 to "1".
To generate the exact time interval, you should write TACON.3 and INTPND2.0, which cleared counter and
interrupt pending bit. To detect an interrupt pending condition when T1INT is disabled, the application program
polls pending bit, INTPND.2.0. When a "1" is detected, a timer 1 interrupt is pending. When the T1INT subroutine has been serviced, the pending condition must be cleared by software by writing a "0" to the timer 1
interrupt pending bit, INTPND2.0.
Timer A Control Register (TACON)
BBH, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
One 16-bit timer or Two 8-bit timers
mode:
0 = Two 8-bit timers mode (Timer A/B)
1 = One 16-bit timer mode (Timer 1)
Timer 1/A clock selection bits:
000 = fxx/512
001 = fxx/256
010 = fxx/64
011 = fxx/8
100 = fxx
101 = fxt (sub clock)
110 = T1CLK (external clock)
111 = Not available
.3
.2
.1
.0
Not used
Timer 1/A interrupt enable bit:
0 = Disable interrupt
1 = Enable interrupt
Timer 1/A counter enable bit:
0 = Disable counting operation
1 = Enable counting operation
Timer 1/A counter clear bit:
0 = No affect
1 = Clear the timer 1/A counter (when write)
Figure 11-1. Timer 1 Control Register (TACON)
11-2
LSB
S3C9228/P9228
TIMER 1
BTCON.0
TACON.6-.4
1/512
R
TACON.3
Data Bus
1/256
TACON.2
fxx
(XIN or XT IN)
DIV
1/64
1/8
1/1
fxt
M
U
LSB
TBCNT
MSB
Clear
TACNT
R
TACON.1
Match
X
16-Bit Comparator
T1CLK
LSB
MSB
TBDATA TADATA
Buffer
Buffer
INTPND2.0
T1INT
TAOUT
Match Signal
Counter clear signal
TBDATA TADATA
Data Bus
NOTE:
When one 16-bit timer mode (TACON.7 <- "1": Timer 1)
Figure 11-2. Timer 1 Block Diagram (One 16-bit Mode)
11-3
TIMER 1
S3C9228/P9228
TWO 8-BIT TIMERS MODE (TIMER A and B)
OVERVIEW
The 8-bit timer A and B are the 8-bit general-purpose timers. Timer A and B have the interval timer mode by
using the appropriate TACON and TBCON setting, respectively.
Timer A and B have the following functional components:
— Clock frequency divider with multiplexer
– fxx divided by 512, 256, 64, 8 or 1, fxt, and T1CLK (External clock) for timer A
– fxx divided by 512, 256, 64, 8 or 1, and fxt for timer B
— 8-bit counter (TACNT, TBCNT), 8-bit comparator, and 8-bit reference data register (TADATA, TBDATA)
— Timer A have I/O pin for match output (TAOUT)
— Timer A match interrupt generation
— Timer A control register, TACON (page 0, BBH, read/write)
— Timer B match interrupt generation
— Timer B control register, TBCON (page 0, BAH, read/write)
Timer A and B Control Register (TACON, TBCON)
You use the timer A and B control register, TACON and TBCON, to
— Enable the timer A (interval timer mode) and B operating (interval timer mode)
— Select the timer A and B input clock frequency
— Clear the timer A and B counter, TACNT and TBCNT
— Enable the timer A and B interrupt
11-4
S3C9228/P9228
TIMER 1
TACON and TBCON are located in page 0, at address BBH and BAH, and is read/write addressable using
register addressing mode.
A reset clears TACON to "00H". This sets timer A to disable interval timer mode, selects an input clock frequency
of fxx/512, and disables timer A interrupt. You can clear the timer A counter at any time during normal operation
by writing a "1" to TACON.3.
A reset clears TBCON to "00H". This sets timer B to disable interval timer mode, selects an input clock frequency
of fxx/512, and disables timer A interrupt. You can clear the timer B counter at any time during normal operation
by writing a "1" to TBCON.3.
To enable the timer A interrupt (TAINT) and timer B interrupt (TBINT), you must write TACON.7 to "0", TACON.2
(TBCON.2) and TACON.1 (TBCON.1) to "1". To generate the exact time interval, you should write TACON.3
(TBCON.3) and INTPND2.0 (INTPND2.1), which cleared counter and interrupt pending bit. To detect an interrupt
pending condition when TAINT and TBINT is disabled, the application program polls pending bit, INTPND2.0 and
INTPND2.1. When a "1" is detected, a timer A interrupt (TAINT) and timer B interrupt (TBINT) is pending. When
the TAINT and TBINT sub-routine has been serviced, the pending condition must be cleared by software by
writing a "0" to the timer A and B interrupt pending bit, INTPND2.0 and INTPND2.1.
Timer A Control Register (TACON)
E4H, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
One 16-bit timer or Two 8-bit
timers mode:
0 = Two 8-bit timers mode (Timer A/B)
1 = One 16-bit timer mode (Timer 1)
Timer A clock selection bits:
000 = fxx/512
001 = fxx/256
010 = fxx/64
011 = fxx/8
100 = fxx
101 = fxt (sub clock)
110 = T1CLK (external clock)
111 = Not available
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
Not used
Timer A interrupt enable bit:
0 = Disable interrupt
1 = Enable interrupt
Timer A counter enable bit:
0 = Disable counting operation
1 = Enable counting operation
Timer A counter clear bit:
0 = No affect
1 = Clear the timer A counter (when write)
Figure 11-3. Timer A Control Register (TACON)
11-5
TIMER 1
S3C9228/P9228
Timer B Control Register (TBCON)
BAH, R/W
MSB
.7
Not used
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
Not used
Timer B match interrupt enable bit:
Timer B clock selection bits:
0 = Disable match interrupt
000 = fxx/512
1 = Enable match interrupt
001 = fxx/256
010 = fxx/64
011 = fxx/8
Timer B count enable bit:
100 = fxx (system clock)
0 = Disable counting operating
101 = fxt (sub clock)
1 = Enable counting operating
110 = Not available
111 = Not available
Timer B counter clear bit:
0 = No effect
1 = Clear the timer B counter (when write)
Figure 11-4. Timer B Control Register (TBCON)
11-6
S3C9228/P9228
TIMER 1
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Interval Timer Function (Timer A and Timer B)
The timer A and B module can generate an interrupt: the timer A match interrupt (TAINT) and the timer B match
interrupt (TBINT).
The timer A match interrupt pending condition (INTPND2.0) and the timer B match interrupt pending condition
(INTPND2.1) must be cleared by software in the application's interrupt service by means of writing a "0" to the
INTPND2.0 and INTPND2.1 interrupt pending bit.
Even though TAINT and TBINT are disabled, the application's service routine can detect a pending condition of
TAINT and TBINT by the software and execute it's sub-routine. When this case is used, the TAINT and TBINT
pending bit must be cleared by the application sub-routine by writing a "0" to the corresponding pending bit
INTPND2.0 and INTPND2.1.
In interval timer mode, a match signal is generated when the counter value is identical to the values written to
the timer A or timer B reference data registers, TADATA or TBDATA. The match signal generates corresponding
match interrupt and clears the counter.
If, for example, you write the value 20H to TADATA and 0EH to TACON, the counter will increment until it
reaches 20H. At this point, the timer A interrupt request is generated, the counter value is cleared, and counting
resumes and you write the value 10H to TBDATA, "0" to TACON.7, and 0EH to TBCON, the counter will
increment until it reaches 10H. At this point, TB interrupt request is generated, the counter value is cleared and
counting resumes.
11-7
TIMER 1
S3C9228/P9228
BTCON.0
R
TACON.6-.4
1/512
1/256
TACON.3
Data Bus
TACON.2
fxx
(XIN or XT IN)
1/64
DIV
M
LSB
MSB
1/8
U
TACNT
(8-Bit Up-Counter) R
1/1
X
TACON.1
Match
8-Bit Comparator
fxt
T1CLK/
P0.1
Clear
LSB
INTPND2.0
TAINT
TAOUT
MSB
TADATA Buffer
Match Signal
Counter Clear Signal
TADATA Register
Data Bus
NOTE:
When two 8-bit timers mode (TACON.7 <- "0": Timer A)
Figure 11-5. Timer A Block Diagram(Two 8-bit Timers Mode)
11-8
S3C9228/P9228
TIMER 1
BTCON.0
R
TBCON.6-.4
1/512
1/256
fxx
(XIN or XTIN)
DIV
1/64
TBCON.3
Data Bus
M
U
1/8
TBCON.2
LSB
MSB
TBCNT
(8-Bit Up-Counter) R
X
TBCON.1
Match
1/1
8-Bit Comparator
fxt
Clear
LSB
INTPND2.1
TBINT
MSB
TBDATA Buffer
Match Signal
Counter Clear Signal
TBDATA Register
Data Bus
NOTE:
When two 8-bit timers mode (TACON.7 <- "0": Timer B)
Figure 11-6. Timer B Block Diagram (Two 8-bit Timers Mode)
11-9
TIMER 1
S3C9228/P9228
NOTES
11-10
S3C9228/P9228
12
WATCH TIMER
WATCH TIMER
OVERVIEW
Watch timer functions include real-time and watch-time measurement and interval timing for the system clock.
To start watch timer operation, set bit 1 of the watch timer control register, WTCON.1 to "1".
And if you want to service watch timer overflow interrupt, then set the WTCON.6 to “1”.
The watch timer overflow interrupt pending condition (INTPND2.3) must be cleared by software in the
application's interrupt service routine by means of writing a "0" to the INTPND2.3 interrupt pending bit.
After the watch timer starts and elapses a time, the watch timer interrupt pending bit (INTPND2.3) is
automatically set to "1", and interrupt requests commence in 3.91ms, 0.25, 0.5 and 1-second intervals by setting
Watch timer speed selection bits (WTCON.3 – .2).
The watch timer can generate a steady 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, or 4 kHz signal to BUZ output pin for Buzzer. By
setting WTCON.3 and WTCON.2 to "11b", the watch timer will function in high-speed mode, generating an
interrupt every 3.91 ms. High-speed mode is useful for timing events for program debugging sequences.
Also, you can select watch timer clock source by setting the WTCON.7 appropriately value.
The watch timer supplies the clock frequency for the LCD controller (fLCD ). Therefore, if the watch timer is
disabled, the LCD controller does not operate.
Watch timer has the following functional components:
— Real Time and Watch-Time Measurement
— Using a Main or Sub Clock Source (Main clock divided by 27(fx/128) or Sub clock(fxt))
— Clock Source Generation for LCD Controller (fLCD )
— I/O pin for Buzzer Output Frequency Generator (P0.3, BUZ)
— Timing Tests in High-Speed Mode
— Watch timer overflow interrupt generation
— Watch timer control register, WTCON (page 0, DAH, read/write)
12-1
WATCH TIMER
S3C9228/P9228
WATCH TIMER CONTROL REGISTER (WTCON)
The watch timer control register, WTCON is used to select the input clock source, the watch timer interrupt time
and Buzzer signal, to enable or disable the watch timer function. It is located in page 0 at address DAH, and is
read/write addressable using register addressing mode.
A reset clears WTCON to "00H". This disable the watch timer and select fx/128 as the watch timer clock.
So, if you want to use the watch timer, you must write appropriate value to WTCON.
Watch Timer Control Register (WTCON)
DAH, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
Watch timer clock selection bit:
0 = Main clock divided by
27(fx/128)
1 = Sub clock (fxt)
Watch timer INT Enable/Disable bit:
0 = Disable watch timer INT
1 = Enable watch timer INT
Buzzer signal selection bits:
00 = 0.5 kHz
01 = 1 kHz
10 = 2 kHz
11 = 4 kHz
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
Not used
Watch timer Enable/Disable bit:
0 = Disable watch timer;
clear frequency dividing circuits
1 = Enable watch timer
Watch timer speed selection bits:
00 = Set watch timer interrupt to 1 s
01 = Set watch timer interrupt to 0.5 s
10 = Set watch timer interrupt to 0.25 s
11 = Set watch timer interrupt to 3.91 ms
Figure 12-1. Watch Timer Control Register (WTCON)
12-2
LSB
S3C9228/P9228
WATCH TIMER
WATCH TIMER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WTCON.7
WTCON.6
WT INT Enable
BUZ (P0.3)
WTCON.6
WTCON.5
8
MUX
WTCON.4
WTCON.3
WTCON.2
WTCON.1
WTINT
fW/64 (0.5 kHz)
fW/32 (1 kHz)
fW/16 (2 kHz)
fW/8 (4 kHz)
Enable/Disable
Selector
Circuit
INTPND2.3
WTCON.0
Clock
Selector
fW
32.768 kHz
Frequency
Dividing
Circuit
fW/27
fW/213
fW/214
fW/215 (1 Hz)
fLCD = 2048 Hz
fxt
fx/128
fX = Main clock (where fx = 4.19 MHz)
fxt = Sub clock (32,768 Hz)
fW = Watch timer frequency
Figure 12-2. Watch Timer Circuit Diagram
12-3
WATCH TIMER
S3C9228/P9228
NOTES
12-4
S3C9228/P9228
13
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
OVERVIEW
The S3C9228/P9228 microcontroller can directly drive an up-to-128-dot (16segments x 8 commons) LCD panel.
Its LCD block has the following components:
— LCD controller/driver
— Display RAM for storing display data
— 16 segment output pins (SEG0–SEG15)
— 8 common output pins (COM0–COM7)
— Internal resistor circuit for LCD bias
To use the LCD controller, bit 2 in the watch mode register WMOD must be set to 1 because LCDCK is supplied
by the watch timer.
The LCD mode control register, LMOD, is used to turn the LCD display on or off, to select LCD clock frequency,
to turn the COM signal output on or off, to select bias and duty, and to switch the port 3 high impedance or
normal I/O port. Data written to the LCD display RAM can be transferred to the segment signal pins automatically
without program control.
The LCD port control register, LPOT, is used to determine the LCD signal pins used for display output.
When a sub clock is selected as the LCD clock source, the LCD display is enabled even during main clock stop
and idle modes.
COM0-COM3
Data BUS
4
8
LCD
Controller/
Driver
4
16
COM4/SEG19COM7/SEG16
SEG0/P2.1SEG15/P5.3
Figure 13-1. LCD Function Diagram
13-1
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
S3C9228/P9228
LCD CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
16
Port
Latch
SEG15/P5.3
Display
RAM
(Page1)
SEG
Control
160
16
MUX
or
Data BUS
4
LPOT
8
COM
Control
or
selector
COM
Control
LMOD
LCD
Voltage
Control
Port
Latch
Port 3
Control
2
Figure 13-2. LCD Circuit Diagram
13-2
SEG0/P2.1
fLCD
Timing
Controller
Port
Latch
Selector
COM7/SEG16/P5.4
COM4/SEG19/P5.7
COM3/P6.0
COM0/P6.3
P3.1/INTP/SEG2
P3.0/INTP/SEG3
S3C9228/P9228
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
LCD RAM ADDRESS AREA
RAM addresses of page 1 are used as LCD data memory. When the bit value of a display segment is "1", the
LCD display is turned on; when the bit value is "0", the display is turned off.
Display RAM data are sent out through segment pins SEG0–SEG19 using a direct memory access (DMA)
method that is synchronized with the fLCD signal. RAM addresses in this location that are not used for LCD
display can be allocated to general-purpose use.
SEG0 SEG1 SEG2 SEG3
SEG17 SEG18 SEG19
100H 101H 102H 103H
111H 112H 113H
COM0 b0
COM1 b1
COM2 b2
COM3 b3
COM4 b4
COM5 b5
COM6 b6
COM7 b7
Figure 13-3. LCD Display Data RAM Organization
Table 13-1. Common and Segment Pins per Duty Cycle
Duty
Common Pins
Segment Pins
Dot Number
1/8
COM0–COM7
16 pins
128 dots
1/4
COM0–COM3
20 pins
80 dots
1/3
COM0–COM2
20 pins
60 dots
13-3
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
S3C9228/P9228
LCD MODE CONTROL REGISTER (LMOD)
A LMOD is located in page 0, at address FEH, and is read/write addressable using register addressing mode. It
has the following control functions.
— LCD duty and bias selection
— LCD clock selection
— LCD display control
— COMs signal output control
— P3 high impedance control
The LMOD register is used to turn the LCD display on/off, to select duty and bias, to select LCD clock, to control
port 3 high impedance/normal I/O port, and to turn the COM signal output on/off. Following a RESET, all LMOD
values are cleared to "0". This turns off the LCD display, select 1/3 duty and 1/3 bias, and select 256Hz for LCD
clock.
The LCD clock signal determines the frequency of COM signal scanning of each segment output. This is also
referred as the LCD frame frequency. Since the LCD clock is generated by watch timer clock (fw). The watch
timer should be enabled when the LCD display is turned on.
LCD Mode Control Register (LMOD)
FEH, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
Not used
COM pins high impedance
control bit:
0 = Normal COMs signal output
1 = High impendane COM pins
Port 3 high impendance control bit
0 = Normal I/O
1 = High impendane input
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
LCD clock selection bits:
00 = fw/27 (256 Hz when fw is 32.768 kHz)
01 = fw/26 (512 Hz when fw is 32.768 kHz)
10 = fw/25 (1024 Hz when fw is 32.768 kHz)
11 = fw/24 (2048 Hz when fw is 32.768 kHz)
LCD duty and bias selection bits:
00 = 1/3 duty, 1/3 bias (COM0-COM2, SEG0-SEG19)
01 = 1/4 duty, 1/3 bias (COM0-COM3, SEG0-SEG19)
10 = 1/8 duty, 1/4 bias (COM0-COM7, SEG0-SEG15)
11 = 1/8 duty, 1/5 bias (COM0-COM7, SEG0-SEG15)
LCD display control bit
0 = Display off
1 = Normal display on
Figure 13-4. LCD Mode Control Register (LMOD)
13-4
S3C9228/P9228
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
LCD PORT CONTROL REGISTER
The LCD port control register LPOT is used to control LCD signal pins or normal I/O pins. Following a RESET, a
LPOT values are cleared to "0".
LCD Port Control Register
D8H, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
Not used
.0
LSB
SEG0/P2.1 selection bit:
0 = SEG port
1 = Normal I/O port
SEG4-SEG19 and COM0-COM3 selection bits:
SEG1/P2.0 selection bit:
000 = P4.0-P6.3: LCD signal pins
0 = SEG port
001 = P4.0-P4.3: Normal I/O, P4.4-P6.3: LCD signal pins
1 = Normal I/O port
010 = P4.0-P4.7: Normal I/O, P5.0-P6.3: LCD signal pins
011 = P4.0-P5.3: Normal I/O, P5.4-P6.3: LCD signal pins
SEG2/P3.1 selection bit:
100 = P4.0-P5.7: Normal I/O, P6.0-P6.3: LCD signal pins
0 = SEG port
101 = P4.0-P6.3: Normal I/O
1 = Normal I/O port
110 = Not available
111 = Not available
SEG3/P3.0 selection bit:
0 = SEG port
1 = Normal I/O port
Figure 13-5. LCD Port Control Register
13-5
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
S3C9228/P9228
LCD VOLTAGE DIVIDING RESISTORS
1/5 Bias
1/4 Bias
1/3 Bias
S3C9228/P9228
S3C9228/P9228
S3C9228/P9228
VDD
LMOD.4
VDD
LMOD.4
VLC1
VLC2
VLC3
VLC4
VLC5
VSS
VDD
LMOD.4
VLC1
R
R
R
R
R
VLC2
VLC3
VLC4
VLC5
VSS
VLC1
R
R
R
R
R
VLC2
VLC3
VLC4
VLC5
VSS
R
R
R
R
R
Figure 13-6. Internal Voltage Dividing Resistor Connection
COMMON (COM) SIGNALS
The common signal output pin selection (COM pin selection) varies according to the selected duty cycle.
— In 1/3 duty mode, COM0-COM2 pins are selected
— In 1/4 duty mode, COM0-COM3 pins are selected
— In 1/8 duty mode, COM0-COM7 pins are selected
SEGMENT (SEG) SIGNALS
The 19 LCD segment signal pins are connected to corresponding display RAM locations at page 1. Bits of the
display RAM are synchronized with the common signal output pins.
When the bit value of a display RAM location is "1", a select signal is sent to the corresponding segment pin.
When the display bit is "0", a 'no-select' signal to the corresponding segment pin.
13-6
S3C9228/P9228
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
COM0
COM1
COM2
COM3
COM4
COM5
COM6
COM7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
FR
VDD
VSS
1 Frame
S
E
G
0
S
E
G
1
S
E
G
2
S
E
G
3
S
E
G
4
COM0
VDD
VLC1
VLC2 (VLC3)
VLC4
VSS
COM1
VDD
VLC1
VLC2 (VLC3)
VLC4
VSS
COM2
VDD
VLC1
VLC2 (VLC3)
VLC4
VSS
SEG0
VDD
VLC1
VLC2 (VLC3)
VLC4
VSS
+ VDD
SEG0-COM0
+ 1/4VLCD
0V
- 1/4VLCD
-VLCD
Figure 13-7. LCD Signal Waveforms (1/8 Duty, 1/4 Bias)
13-7
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
S3C9228/P9228
SEG0
SEG1
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
COM0
VDD
VSS
1 Frame
COM1
COM2
COM0
COM3
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
VDD
COM1
COM2
COM3
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
SEG0
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
SEG1
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
+ VLCD
COM0-SEG0
+ 1/3 VLCD
0V
- 1/3 V LCD
- VLCD
Figure 13-8. LCD Signal Waveforms (1/4 Duty, 1/3 Bias)
13-8
S3C9228/P9228
SEG2
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
SEG1
SEG0
0
1
2
0
1
2
COM0
VDD
VSS
1 Frame
COM0
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
COM1
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
COM2
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
SEG0
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
SEG1
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
COM1
COM2
+ VLCD
COM0-SEG0
+ 1/3 VLCD
0V
- 1/3 VLCD
- VLCD
Figure 13-9. LCD Signal Waveforms (1/3 Duty, 1/3 Bias)
13-9
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
S3C9228/P9228
NOTES
13-10
S3C9228/P9228
14
A/D CONVERTER
10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
OVERVIEW
The 10-bit A/D converter (ADC) module uses successive approximation logic to convert analog levels entering at
one of the four input channels to equivalent 10-bit digital values. The analog input level must lie between the
AVREF and AVSS values. The A/D converter has the following components:
— Analog comparator with successive approximation logic
— D/A converter logic (resistor string type)
— ADC control register (ADCON)
— Four multiplexed analog data input pins (AD0–AD3)
— 10-bit A/D conversion data output register (ADDATAH/ADDATAL)
— 4-bit digital input port (Alternately, I/O port)
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
To initiate an analog-to-digital conversion procedure, at first you must set with alternative function for ADC input
enable at port 1, the pin set with alternative function can be used for ADC analog input. And you write the
channel selection data in the A/D converter control register ADCON.4–.5 to select one of the four analog input
pins (AD0–3) and set the conversion start or enable bit, ADCON.0. The read-write ADCON register is located in
page 0, at address D0H. The pins which are not used for ADC can be used for normal I/O.
During a normal conversion, ADC logic initially sets the successive approximation register to 800H (the
approximate half-way point of an 10-bit register). This register is then updated automatically during each
conversion step. The successive approximation block performs 10-bit conversions for one input channel at a
time. You can dynamically select different channels by manipulating the channel selection bit value (ADCON.5–
4) in the ADCON register. To start the A/D conversion, you should set the enable bit, ADCON.0. When a
conversion is completed, ADCON.3, the end-of-conversion(EOC) bit is automatically set to 1 and the result is
dumped into the ADDATAH/ADDATAL register where it can be read. The A/D converter then enters an idle state.
Remember to read the contents of ADDATAH/ADDATAL before another conversion starts. Otherwise, the
previous result will be overwritten by the next conversion result.
NOTE
Because the A/D converter has no sample-and-hold circuitry, it is very important that fluctuation in the analog
level at the AD0–AD3 input pins during a conversion procedure be kept to an absolute minimum. Any change in
the input level, perhaps due to noise, will invalidate the result. If the chip enters to STOP or IDLE mode in
conversion process, there will be a leakage current path in A/D block. You must use STOP or IDLE mode after
ADC operation is finished.
14-1
A/D CONVERTER
S3C9228/P9228
CONVERSION TIMING
The A/D conversion process requires 4 steps (4 clock edges) to convert each bit and 10 clocks to set-up A/D
conversion. Therefore, total of 50 clocks are required to complete an 10-bit conversion: When fxx/8 is selected
for conversion clock with an 4.5 MHz fxx clock frequency, one clock cycle is 1.78 us. Each bit conversion
requires 4 clocks, the conversion rate is calculated as follows:
4 clocks/bit × 10-bit + set-up time = 50 clocks, 50 clock × 1.78 us = 89 us at 0.56 MHz (4.5 MHz/8)
Note that A/D converter needs at least 25µs for conversion time.
A/D CONVERTER CONTROL REGISTER (ADCON)
The A/D converter control register, ADCON, is located at address D0H in page 0. It has three functions:
— Analog input pin selection (bits 4 and 5)
— End-of-conversion status detection (bit 3)
— ADC clock selection (bits 2 and 1)
— A/D operation start or enable (bit 0 )
After a reset, the start bit is turned off. You can select only one analog input channel at a time. Other analog
input pins (AD0–AD3) can be selected dynamically by manipulating the ADCON.4–5 bits. And the pins not used
for analog input can be used for normal I/O function.
A/D Converter Control Register (ADCON)
D0H, Page0, R/W (EOC bit is read-only)
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
Always logic zero
A/D input pin selection bits:
00 = AD0
01 = AD1
10 = AD2
11 = AD3
End-of-conversion bit
0 = Not complete Conversion
1 = complete Conversion
.2
.1
.0
LSB
Start or enable bit
0 = Disable operation
1 = Start operation
(Automatically disable
the operation after
conversion completes.)
Clock Selection bits:
00 = fxx/16
01 = fxx/8
10 = fxx/4
11 = fxx/1
Figure 14-1. A/D Converter Control Register (ADCON)
14-2
S3C9228/P9228
A/D CONVERTER
Conversion Data Register ADDATAH/ADDATAL
D1H/D2H, Page 0, Read Only
MSB
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
LSB
(ADDATAH)
MSB
-
-
-
-
-
-
.1
.0
LSB
(ADDATAL)
Figure 14-2. A/D Converter Data Register (ADDATAH/ADDATAL)
INTERNAL REFERENCE VOLTAGE LEVELS
In the ADC function block, the analog input voltage level is compared to the reference voltage. The analog input
level must remain within the range VSS to VDD.
Different reference voltage levels are generated internally along the resistor tree during the analog conversion
process for each conversion step. The reference voltage level for the first conversion bit is always 1/2 VDD.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ADCON.2-.1
ADCON.4-5
(Select one input pin of the assigned pins)
Clock
Selector
To ADCON.3
(EOC Flag)
ADCON.0
(AD/C Enable)
M
Input Pins
AD0-AD3
(P1.0-P1.3)
-
..
.
U
Analog
Comparator
+
Successive
Approximation
Logic & Register
X
ADCON.0
(AD/C Enable)
P1CON
(Assign Pins to ADC Input)
10-bit D/A
Converter
VDD
VSS
Conversion Result
(ADDATAH/ADDATAL,
D1H/D2H, Page 0)
Figure 14-3. A/D Converter Functional Block Diagram
14-3
A/D CONVERTER
S3C9228/P9228
VDD
Analog
Input Pin
(VSS ≤ ADC input ≤ VDD)
AD0-AD3
C 101
S3C9228
Figure 14-4. Recommended A/D Converter Circuit for Highest Absolute Accuracy
14-4
S3C9228/P9228
15
SERIAL I/O INTERFACE
SERIAL I/O INTERFACE
OVERVIEW
Serial I/O modules, SIO can interface with various types of external device that require serial data transfer. The
components of SIO function block are:
— 8-bit control register (SIOCON)
— Clock selector logic
— 8-bit data buffer (SIODATA)
— 8-bit prescaler (SIOPS)
— 3-bit serial clock counter
— Serial data I/O pins (SI, SO)
— Serial clock input/output pin (SCK)
The SIO module can transmit or receive 8-bit serial data at a frequency determined by its corresponding control
register settings. To ensure flexible data transmission rates, you can select an internal or external clock source.
PROGRAMMING PROCEDURE
To program the SIO module, follow these basic steps:
1. Configure the I/O pins at port (SCK/SI/SO) by loading the appropriate value to the P2CON register if
necessary.
2. Load an 8-bit value to the SIOCON control register to properly configure the serial I/O module. In this
operation, SIOCON.2 must be set to "1" to enable the data shifter.
3. For interrupt generation, set the serial I/O interrupt enable bit (SIOCON) to "1".
4. When you transmit data to the serial buffer, write data to SIODATA and set SIOCON.3 to 1, the shift
operation starts.
5. When the shift operation (transmit/receive) is completed, the SIO pending bit (INTPND2.2) are set to "1" and
SIO interrupt request is generated.
15-1
SERIAL I/O INTERFACE
S3C9228/P9228
SIO CONTROL REGISTERS (SIOCON)
The control register for serial I/O interface module, SIOCON, is located at E1H in page 0. It has the control
setting for SIO module.
— Clock source selection (internal or external) for shift clock
— Interrupt enable
— Edge selection for shift operation
— Clear 3-bit counter and start shift operation
— Shift operation (transmit) enable
— Mode selection (transmit/receive or receive-only)
— Data direction selection (MSB first or LSB first)
A reset clears the SIOCON value to "00H". This configures the corresponding module with an internal clock
source at the SCK, selects receive-only operating mode, and clears the 3-bit counter. The data shift operation
and the interrupt are disabled. The selected data direction is MSB-first.
Serial I/O Module Control Register (SIOCON)
E1H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
SIO mode selection bit:
0 = Receive only mode
1 = Transmit/receive mode
.0
LSB
Not used
SIO shift clock selection bit:
0 = Internal clock (P.S Clock)
1 = External clock (SCK)
Data direction control bit:
0 = MSB-first mode
1 = LSB-first mode
.1
SIO interrupt enable bit:
0 = Disable SIO interrupt
1 = Enable SIO interrupt
SIO shift operation enable bit:
0 = Disable shifter and clock counter
1 = Enable shifter and clock counter
SIO counter clear and shift start bit:
0 = No action
1 = Clear 3-bit counter and start shifting
Shift clock edge selection bit:
0 = tX at falling edeges, rx at rising edges.
1 = tX at rising edeges, rx at falling edges.
Figure 15-1. Serial I/O Module Control Register (SIOCON)
15-2
S3C9228/P9228
SERIAL I/O INTERFACE
SIO PRE-SCALER REGISTER (SIOPS)
The prescaler register for serial I/O interface module, SIOPS, are located at E3H in page 0.
The value stored in the SIO pre-scale register, SIOPS, lets you determine the SIO clock rate (baud rate) as
follows:
Baud rate = Input clock (fxx/4)/(Prescaler value + 1), or SCK input clock.
SIO Pre-scaler Register (SIOPS)
E3H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
Baud rate = (fXX/4)/(SIOPS + 1)
Figure 15-2. SIO Prescaler Register (SIOPS)
SIO BLOCK DIAGRAM
CLK
SIO INT
3-Bit Counter
Clear
INTPND2.2
Pending
SIOCON.1
(Interrupt Enable)
SIOCON.3
SIOCON.7
SIOCON.4
(Edge Select)
M
SCK
SIOPS (E3H, page 0)
fxx/2
SIOCON.2
(Shift Enable)
8-bit P.S.
U
1/2
X
SIOCON.5
(Mode Select)
CLK 8-Bit SIO Shift Buffer
(SIODATA, E2H, page 0)
8
SO
SIOCON.6
(LSB/MSB First
Mode Select)
SI
Data Bus
Figure 15-3. SIO Functional Block Diagram
15-3
SERIAL I/O INTERFACE
S3C9228/P9228
SERIAL I/O TIMING DIAGRAM (SIO)
SCK
SI
DI7
DI6
DI5
DI4
DI3
DI2
DI1
DI0
SO
DO7
DO6
DO5
DO4
DO3
DO2
DO1
DO0
Transmit
Complete
SIO INT
Set SIOCON.3
Figure 15-4. Serial I/O Timing in Transmit/Receive Mode (Tx at falling, SIOCON.4 = 0)
SCK
SI
DI7
DI6
DI5
DI4
DI3
DI2
DI1
DI0
SO
DO7
DO6
DO5
DO4
DO3
DO2
DO1
DO0
Transmit
Complete
SIO INT
Set SIOCON.3
Figure 15-5. Serial I/O Timing in Transmit/Receive Mode (Tx at rising, SIOCON.4 = 1)
15-4
S3C9228/P9228
16
ELECTRICAL DATA
ELECTRICAL DATA
OVERVIEW
In this chapter, S3C9228/P9228 electrical characteristics are presented in tables and graphs. The information is
arranged in the following order:
— Absolute maximum ratings
— D.C. electrical characteristics
— Data retention supply voltage in Stop mode
— Stop mode release timing when initiated by an external interrupt
— Stop mode release timing when initiated by a Reset
— I/O capacitance
— A.C. electrical characteristics
— A/D converter electrical characteristics
— Input timing for external interrupt
— Input timing for RESET
— Serial data transfer timing
— Oscillation characteristics
— Oscillation stabilization time
— Operating voltage range
16-1
ELECTRICAL DATA
S3C9228/P9228
Table 16-1. Absolute Maximum Ratings
(TA = 25°C)
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Rating
Unit
Supply voltage
VDD
–
– 0.3 to + 6.5
V
Input voltage
VIN
– 0.3 to VDD + 0.3
V
Output voltage
VO
– 0.3 to VDD + 0.3
V
Output current High
I OH
One I/O pin active
– 15
mA
All I/O pins active
– 60
One I/O pin active
+ 30
Total pin current for ports
+ 100
Output current Low
I OL
Ports 0–6
–
mA
Operating
temperature
TA
–
– 25 to + 85
°C
Storage
temperature
TSTG
–
– 65 to + 150
°C
Table 16-2. D.C. Electrical Characteristics
(TA = – 25°C to + 85°C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Parameter
Symbol
Operating Voltage
VDD
Input High
voltage
VIH1
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
2.0
–
5.5
V
–
Ports 4–6
2.7
0.7 VDD
5.5
VDD
V
VIH2
Ports 0–3, RESET
0.8 VDD
VDD
VIH3
XIN, XOUT and XTIN, XTOUT
VDD – 0.1
VDD
VIL1
Ports 4–6
VIL2
Ports 0–3, RESET
VIL3
XIN, XOUT, XTIN, XTOUT
Output High
voltage
VOH
VDD = 4.5 to 5.5 V;
All output ports; IOH = –1 mA
VDD – 1.0
–
VDD
V
Output Low
voltage
VOL
VDD = 4.5 to 5.5 V;
All output ports; IOL = 10 mA
–
–
2.0
V
Input High
leakage current
ILIH1
VI = VDD;
All input pins except XIN, XOUT,
XTIN, XTOUT
–
–
3
µA
ILIH2
VI = VDD;
XIN, XOUT, XTIN, XTOUT
fx = 0.4–4MHz, fxt = 32.8kHz
fx = 0.4–8MHz
Input Low voltage
16-2
–
–
–
0.3 VDD
V
0.2 VDD
0.1
20
S3C9228/P9228
ELECTRICAL DATA
Table 16-2. D.C. Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
(TA = – 25°C to + 85°C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Parameter
Input Low
leakage current
Symbol
ILIL1
Conditions
VI = 0 V;
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
–
–
–3
µA
All input pins except RESET,
XOUT, XTIN, XTOUT
ILIL2
VI = 0 V;
XIN, XOUT, XTIN, XTOUT
Output High
leakage current
ILOH
–
–
3
Output Low
leakage current
ILOL
VO = VDD
All output pins
VO = 0 V
All output pins
–
–
–3
Pull-Up Resistor
RL1
VI = 0 V; VDD = 5V, TA = 25°C
Ports 0–6
25
47
100
VDD = 3V, TA = 25°C
50
90
150
VI = 0 V; VDD = 5V, TA = 25°C
150
250
400
VDD = 3V, TA = 25°C
300
500
700
ROSC1
VDD = 5 V, TA = 25 °C
XIN = VDD, XOUT = 0V
300
600
1500
ROSC2
VDD = 5 V, TA = 25 °C
XTIN = VDD, XTOUT = 0 V
1500
3000
4500
LCD Voltage
Dividing Resistor
RLCD
TA = 25 °C
50
70
90
kΩ
VLCD-COMi
Voltage Drop
(i = 0-7)
VDC
VDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V
- 15 µA per common pin
–
–
120
mV
VLCD-SEGx
Voltage Drop
(x = 0–19)
VDS
VDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V
- 15 µA per common pin
–
–
120
Middle Output
VLC2
VDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V,
LCD clock = 0Hz, VLC1 = VDD
0.8VDD–0.2
0.8VDD
0.8VDD+
0.2
VLC3
0.6VDD–0.2
0.6VDD
0.6VDD+
0.2
VLC4
0.4VDD–0.2
0.4VDD
0.4VDD+
0.2
VLC5
0.2VDD–0.2
0.2VDD
0.2VDD+
0.2
RL2
–20
kΩ
RESET
Oscillator Feed
back Resistors
Voltage
kΩ
V
NOTE: Low leakage current is absolute value.
16-3
ELECTRICAL DATA
S3C9228/P9228
Table 16-2. D.C. Electrical Characteristics (Concluded)
(TA = – 25°C to + 85°C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Parameter
Symbol
Supply current (1)
IDD1
IDD2
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
–
6.0
12.0
mA
Run mode:
VDD = 5 V ± 10%
8.0 MHz
Crystal oscillator
C1 = C2 = 22pF
4.19 MHz
3.0
6.0
VDD = 3 V ± 10%
8.0 MHz
2.5
5.0
4.19 MHz
1.5
3.0
Idle mode:
VDD = 5 V ± 10%
8.0 MHz
1.3
3.0
Crystal oscillator
C1 = C2 = 22pF
4.19 MHz
1.0
2.0
VDD = 3 V ± 10%
8.0 MHz
0.8
1.6
4.19 MHz
0.4
0.8
IDD3
Run mode: VDD = 3 V ± 10%,
32 kHz crystal oscillator
15
30
IDD4
Idle mode: VDD = 3 V ± 10%,
32 kHz crystal oscillator
6
15
IDD5
Stop mode; VDD = 5 V ± 10%,
0.5
3
Stop mode; VDD = 3 V ± 10%,
0.3
2
µA
TA = 25 °C
TA = 25 °C
NOTES:
1. Supply current does not include current drawn through internal pull-up resistors, LCD voltage dividing resistors, and
ADC.
2. IDD1 and IDD2 include power consumption for subsystem clock oscillation.
3. IDD3 and IDD4 are current when main system clock oscillation stops and the subsystem clock is used.
4. IDD5 is current when main system clock and subsystem clock oscillation stops.
16-4
S3C9228/P9228
ELECTRICAL DATA
Table 16-3. Data Retention Supply Voltage in Stop Mode
(TA = – 25 °C to + 85 °C)
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Data retention supply
voltage
VDDDR
–
2.0
–
5.5
V
Data retention supply
current
IDDDR
–
–
1
µA
Stop mode, TA = 25 °C
VDDDR = 2.0 V
Idle Mode
(Basic Timer Active)
~
~
Stop Mode
Normal
Operating Mode
Data Retention Mode
~
~
VDD
VDDDR
Execution of
STOP Instruction
0.8 VDD
tWAIT
NOTE:
tWAIT is the same as 16 x 1/BT clock.
Figure 16-1. Stop Mode Release Timing When Initiated by an External Interrupt
16-5
ELECTRICAL DATA
S3C9228/P9228
RESET
Occurs
Oscillation
Stabilization
TIme
~
~
Stop Mode
Normal
Operating Mode
Data Retention Mode
~
~
VDD
VDDDR
Execution of
STOP Instrction
RESET
0.8 VDD
0.2 VDD
NOTE:
tWAIT
tWAIT is the same as 16 × 1/BT clock.
Figure 16-2. Stop Mode Release Timing When Initiated by a RESET
Table 16-4. Input/Output Capacitance
(TA = 25 °C, VDD = 0 V)
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Input
capacitance
CIN
f = 1 MHz; unmeasured pins
are connected to VSS
–
–
10
pF
Output
capacitance
COUT
I/O capacitance
16-6
CIO
S3C9228/P9228
ELECTRICAL DATA
Table 16-5. A.C. Electrical Characteristics
(TA = – 25°C to + 85°C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Parameter
SCK cycle time
SCK high, low width
SI setup time to SCK
high
SI hold time to SCK high
Output delay for SCK to
SO
Symbol
tKCY
tKH, tKL
tSIK
tKSI
tKSO
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
External SCK source
1,000
–
–
ns
Internal SCK source
1,000
External SCK source
500
Internal SCK source
tKCY/2–50
External SCK source
250
Internal SCK source
250
External SCK source
400
Internal SCK source
400
External SCK source
–
–
300
ns
Internal SCK source
250
Interrupt input, High,
Low width
tINTH,
tINTL
All interrupt
VDD = 3 V
500
700
–
ns
RESET input Low width
tRSL
Input
VDD = 3 V
10
–
–
µs
16-7
ELECTRICAL DATA
S3C9228/P9228
Table 16-6. A/D Converter Electrical Characteristics
(TA = – 25°C to + 85°C, VDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V, VSS = 0 V)
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
–
10
–
bit
VDD = 5.12 V
–
–
±3
LSB
Resolution
Total accuracy
Integral linearity error
ILE
fxx = 8 MHz
–
–
±2
Differential linearity error
DLE
f CON = fxx/4
–
–
±1
Offset error of top
EOT
–
±1
±3
Offset error of bottom
EOB
–
±0.5
±2
Conversion time (1)
TCON
25
–
–
µS
Analog input voltage
VIAN
–
VSS
–
VDD
V
Analog input impedance
RAN
–
2
1000
–
MΩ
Analog input current
IADIN
VDD = 5 V
–
–
10
µA
IADC
VDD = 5 V
–
1
3
mA
VDD = 3 V
0.5
1.5
VDD = 5 V
When power down mode
100
500
10-bit resolution
50 × fxx/4, fxx = 8MHz
NOTES:
1. 'Conversion time' is the time required from the moment a conversion operation starts until it ends.
2. IADC is an operating current during A/D conversion.
tINTL
External
Interrupt
tINTH
0.8 VDD
0.2 VDD
NOTE:
The unit tCPU means one CPU clock period.
Figure 16-3. Input Timing for External Interrupts
16-8
nA
S3C9228/P9228
ELECTRICAL DATA
tRSL
RESET
0.2 VDD
Figure 16-4. Input Timing for RESET
tKCY
tKL
tKH
SCK
0.8VDD
0.2VDD
tSIK
tKSI
0.8VDD
SI
0.2VDD
tKSO
SO
Output Data
Figure 16-5. Serial Data Transfer Timing
16-9
ELECTRICAL DATA
S3C9228/P9228
Table 16-7. Main Oscillation Characteristics
(TA = – 25°C to + 85°C)
Oscillator
Clock Configuration
Crystal
C1
XIN
Parameter
Test Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
2.7 V – 5.5 V
0.4
–
8
MHz
2.0 V – 5.5 V
0.4
–
4
2.7 V – 5.5 V
0.4
–
8
2.0 V – 5.5 V
0.4
–
4
2.7 V – 5.5 V
0.4
–
8
2.0 V – 5.5 V
0.4
–
4
Frequency
5.0 V
0.4
–
2
Frequency
3.0 V
0.4
–
1
Main oscillation
frequency
XOUT
Ceramic
Oscillator
C1
XIN
Main oscillation
frequency
XOUT
XIN input frequency
External
Clock
XIN
XOUT
RC
Oscillator
MHz
XIN
R
XOUT
Table 16-8. Sub Oscillation Characteristics
(TA = – 25°C to + 85°C)
Oscillator
Crystal
Clock Configuration
C1
XIN
Parameter
Test Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Sub oscillation
frequency
2.0 V – 5.5 V
32
32.768
35
kHz
XTIN input
frequency
2.0 V – 5.5 V
32
–
100
XOUT
External
clock
XIN
XOUT
16-10
S3C9228/P9228
ELECTRICAL DATA
Table 16-9. Main Oscillation Stabilization Time
(TA = – 25 °C to + 85 °C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Oscillator
Test Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Crystal
fx > 1 MHz
–
–
30
ms
Ceramic
Oscillation stabilization occurs when VDD is
equal to the minimum oscillator voltage
ranage.
–
–
10
ms
External clock
XIN input high and low width (tXH, tXL)
62.5
–
1250
ns
1/fx
tXL
tX
XIN
VDD-0.1 V
0.1 V
Figure 16-6. Clock Timing Measurement at XIN
16-11
ELECTRICAL DATA
S3C9228/P9228
Table 16-10. Sub Oscillation Stabilization Time
(TA = – 25 °C to + 85 °C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Oscillator
Test Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
–
–
–
10
s
5
–
15
µs
Crystal
External clock
XTIN input high and low width (tXH, tXL)
1/fxt
tXTL
tXTH
XTIN
VDD-0.1 V
0.1 V
Figure 16-7. Clock Timing Measurement at XTIN
16-12
S3C9228/P9228
ELECTRICAL DATA
Instruction Clock
fx (Main/Sub oscillation frequency)
2 MHz
8 MHz
1.0 MHz
4 MHz
400 kHz
6.25 kHz (main)/8.2 kHz(sub)
400 kHz (main)/32.8 kHz(sub)
1
2
2.7
5.5
6
Supply Voltage (V)
Instruction Clock = 1/4n x oscillator frequency (n = 1, 2, 8, 16)
Figure 16-8. Operating Voltage Range
16-13
ELECTRICAL DATA
S3C9228/P9228
NOTES
16-14
S3C9228/P9228
17
MECHANICAL DATA
MECHANICAL DATA
OVERVIEW
The S3C9228/P9228 microcontroller is currently available in a 42-pin SDIP and 44-pin QFP package.
#22
0.2
5
42-SDIP-600
+0
- 0 .1
.05
0-15
15.24
14.00 ± 0.2
#42
(1.77)
NOTE:
1.00 ±
0.1
5.08 MAX
39.10 ± 0.2
0.1
3.30 ± 0.3
0.2
39.50 MAX
0.50 ±
3.50 ±
#21
0.51 MIN
#1
1.78
Dimensions are in millimeters.
Figure 17-1. 42-SDIP-600 Package Dimensions
17-1
MECHANICAL DATA
S3C9228/P9228
13.20 ± 0.3
0-8
10.00 ± 0.2
10.00 ± 0.2
+ 0.10
- 0.05
0.10 MAX
44-QFP-1010B
0.80 ± 0.20
13.20 ± 0.3
0.15
#44
#1
+ 0.10
0.35 - 0.05
0.80
0.05 MIN
(1.00)
2.05 ± 0.10
2.30 MAX
NOTE: Dimensions are in millimeters.
Figure 17-2. 44-QFP-1010B Package Dimensions
17-2
S3C9228/P9228
S3P9228 OTP
18
S3P9228 OTP
OVERVIEW
The S3P9228 single-chip CMOS microcontroller is the OTP (One Time Programmable) version of the S3C9228
microcontroller. It has an on-chip OTP ROM instead of masked ROM. The EPROM is accessed by serial data
format.
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
P0.5
P0.4
P0.3/BUZ/INT
P0.2/INT
P0.1/T1CLK/INT
P0.0/TAOUT/INT
COM0/P6.3
COM1/P6.2
COM2/P6.1
COM3/P6.0
COM4/SEG19/P5.7
The S3P9228 is fully compatible with the S3C9228, both in function and in pin configuration. Because of its
simple programming requirements, the S3P9228 is ideal for use as an evaluation chip for the S3C9228.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
S3C9228
(44-QFP)
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
COM5/SEG18/P5.6
COM6/SEG17/P5.5
COM7/SEG16/P5.4
SEG15/P5.3
SEG14/P5.2
SEG13/P5.1
SEG12/P5.0
SEG11/P4.7
SEG10/P4.6
SEG9/P4.5
SEG8/P4.4
RESET/RESET
RESET
P2.3
P2.2/SI
SEG0/P2.1/SO
SEG1/P2.0/SCK
SEG2/P3.1/INTP
SEG3/P3.0/INTP
SEG4/P4.0
SEG5/P4.1
SEG6/P4.2
SEG7/P4.3
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
P1.0/AD0/INT
P1.1/AD1/INT
SDAT/P1.2/AD2/INT
SCLK/P1.3/AD3/INT
VDD/VDD
VSS/VSS
XOUT
XIN
VPP/TEST
XTIN
XTOUT
Figure 18-1. S3P9228 44-QFP Pin Assignments
18-1
S3P9228 OTP
S3C9228/P9228
S3C9228
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
(42-SDIP)
COM1/P6.2
COM0/P6.3
P0.0/TAOUT/INT
P0.1/T1CLK/INT
P0.2/INT
P0.3/BUZ/INT
P1.0/AD0/INT
P1.1/AD1/INT
SDAT/P1.2/AD2/INT
SCLK/P1.3/AD3/INT
VDD/VDD
VSS/VSS
XOUT
XIN
VPP/TEST
XTIN
XTOUT
RESET /RESET
P2.3
P2.2/SI
SEG0/P2.1/SO
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
COM2/P6.1
COM3/P6.0
COM4/SEG19/P5.7
COM5/SEG18/P5.6
COM6/SEG17/P5.5
COM7/SEG16/P5.4
SEG15/P5.3
SEG14/P5.2
SEG13/P5.1
SEG12/P5.0
SEG11/P4.7
SEG10/P4.6
SEG9/P4.5
SEG8/P4.4
SEG7/P4.3
SEG6/P4.2
SEG5/P4.1
SEG4/P4.0
SEG3/P3.0/INTP
SEG2/P3.1/INTP
SEG1/P2.0/SCK
Figure 18-2. S3P9228 42-SDIP Pin Assignments
18-2
S3C9228/P9228
S3P9228 OTP
Table 18-1. Descriptions of Pins Used to Read/Write the EPROM
Main Chip
During Programming
Pin Name
Pin Name
Pin No.
I/O
Function
P1.2
SDAT
3 (9)
I/O
Serial data pin. Output port when reading and
input port when writing. Can be assigned as a
Input/push-pull output port.
P1.3
SCLK
4 (10)
I/O
Serial clock pin. Input only pin.
TEST
VPP(TEST)
9 (15)
I
Power supply pin for EPROM cell writing
(indicates that OTP enters into the writing
mode). When 12.5 V is applied, OTP is in
writing mode and when 5 V is applied, OTP is in
reading mode. (Option)
RESET
RESET
12 (18)
I
Chip initialization
VDD/VSS
VDD/VSS
5/6 (11/12)
I
Logic power supply pin. VDD should be tied to
+ 5 V during programming.
NOTE: Parentheses indicate pin number for 42-SDIP package.
Table 18-2. Comparison of S3P9228 and S3C9228 Features
Characteristic
S3P9228
S3C9228
Program Memory
8 Kbyte EPROM
8 Kbyte mask ROM
Operating Voltage (VDD)
2.0 V to 5.5 V
2.0 V to 5.5 V
OTP Programming Mode
VDD = 5 V, VPP(TEST)=12.5V
Pin Configuration
44-QFP, 42-SDIP
44-QFP, 42-SDIP
EPROM Programmability
User Program 1 time
Programmed at the factory
OPERATING MODE CHARACTERISTICS
When 12.5 V is supplied to the VPP(TEST) pin of the S3P72C8, the EPROM programming mode is entered.
The operating mode (read, write, or read protection) is selected according to the input signals to the pins listed in
Table 17-3 below.
Table 18-3. Operating Mode Selection Criteria
VDD
VPP (TEST)
REG/MEM
Address
(A15-A0)
R/W
Mode
5V
5V
0
0000H
1
EPROM read
12.5 V
0
0000H
0
EPROM program
12.5 V
0
0000H
1
EPROM verify
12.5 V
1
0E3FH
0
EPROM read protection
NOTE: "0" means Low level; "1" means High level.
18-3
S3P9228 OTP
S3C9228/P9228
Table 18-4. D.C. Electrical Characteristics
(TA = – 25°C to + 85°C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Parameter
Symbol
Supply current (1)
IDD1
IDD2
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
–
6.0
12.0
mA
Run mode:
VDD = 5 V ± 10%
8.0 MHz
Crystal oscillator
C1 = C2 = 22pF
4.19 MHz
3.0
6.0
VDD = 3 V ± 10%
8.0 MHz
2.5
5.0
4.19 MHz
1.5
3.0
Idle mode:
VDD = 5 V ± 10%
8.0 MHz
1.3
3.0
Crystal oscillator
C1 = C2 = 22pF
4.19 MHz
1.0
2.0
VDD = 3 V ± 10%
8.0 MHz
0.8
1.6
4.19 MHz
0.4
0.8
IDD3
Run mode: VDD = 3 V ± 10%,
32 kHz crystal oscillator
15
30
IDD4
Idle mode: VDD = 3 V ± 10%,
32 kHz crystal oscillator
6
15
IDD5
Stop mode; VDD = 5 V ± 10%,
0.5
3
Stop mode; VDD = 3 V ± 10%,
0.3
2
µA
TA = 25 °C
TA = 25 °C
NOTES:
1. Supply current does not include current drawn through internal pull-up resistors, LCD voltage dividing resistors, and
ADC.
2. IDD1 and IDD2 include power consumption for subsystem clock oscillation.
3. IDD3 and IDD4 are current when main system clock oscillation stops and the subsystem clock is used.
4. IDD5 is current when main system clock and subsystem clock oscillation stops.
18-4
S3C9228/P9228
S3P9228 OTP
Instruction Clock
fx (Main/Sub oscillation frequency)
2 MHz
8 MHz
1.0 MHz
4 MHz
400 kHz
6.25 kHz (main)/8.2 kHz(sub)
400 kHz (main)/32.8 kHz(sub)
1
2
2.7
5.5
6
Supply Voltage (V)
Instruction Clock = 1/4n x oscillator frequency (n = 1, 2, 8, 16)
Figure 18-3. Standard Operating Voltage Range
18-5
S3P9228 OTP
S3C9228/P9228
NOTES
18-6
S3C9228/P9228
19
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
OVERVIEW
Samsung provides a powerful and easy-to-use development support system in turn key form. The development
support system is configured with a host system, debugging tools, and support software. For the host system, any
standard computer that operates with MS-DOS as its operating system can be used. One type of debugging tool
including hardware and software is provided: the sophisticated and powerful in-circuit emulator, SMDS2+, for
S3C7, S3C8, S3C9 families of microcontrollers. The SMDS2+ is a new and improved version of SMDS2.
Samsung also offers support software that includes debugger, assembler, and a program for setting options.
SHINE
Samsung Host Interface for In-Circuit Emulator, SHINE, is a multi-window based debugger for SMDS2+. SHINE
provides pull-down and pop-up menus, mouse support, function/hot keys, and context-sensitive hyper-linked
help. It has an advanced, multiple-windowed user interface that emphasizes ease of use. Each window can be
sized, moved, scrolled, highlighted, added, or removed completely.
SAMA ASSEMBLER
The Samsung Arrangeable Microcontroller (SAM) Assembler, SAMA, is a universal assembler, and generates
object code in standard hexadecimal format. Assembled program code includes the object code that is used for
ROM data and required SMDS program control data. To assemble programs, SAMA requires a source file and
an auxiliary definition (DEF) file with device specific information.
SASM86
The SASM86 is an relocatable assembler for Samsung's S3C9-series microcontrollers. The SASM86 takes a
source file containing assembly language statements and translates into a corresponding source code, object
code and comments. The SASM86 supports macros and conditional assembly. It runs on the MS-DOS operating
system. It produces the relocatable object code only, so the user should link object file. Object files can be linked
with other object files and loaded into memory.
HEX2ROM
HEX2ROM file generates ROM code from HEX file which has been produced by assembler. ROM code must be
needed to fabricate a microcontroller which has a mask ROM. When generating the ROM code (.OBJ file) by
HEX2ROM, the value “FF” is filled into the unused ROM area up to the maximum ROM size of the target device
automatically.
TARGET BOARDS
Target boards are available for all S3C9-series microcontrollers. All required target system cables and adapters
are included with the device-specific target board.
19-1
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
S3C9228/P9228
IBM-PC AT or Compatible
RS-232C
SMDS2+
Target
Application
System
PROM/OTP Writer Unit
RAM Break/Display Unit
BUS
Probe
Adapter
Trace/Timer Unit
SAM8 Base Unit
Power Supply Unit
POD
TB9228
Target
Board
EVA
Chip
Figure 19-1. SMDS Product Configuration (SMDS2+)
19-2
S3C9228/P9228
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
TB9228 TARGET BOARD
The TB9228 target board is used for the S3C9228 microcontroller. It is supported by the SMDS2+ development
system.
TB9228
To User_VCC
OFF
REV.0
'2002.03.30
ON
STOP
R5
R4
VCC
C11
C1
D1
R1
+
IDLE
+
RESET
U2
C20
R7
T1T2 T3T4
C3
C4
C5
C6
CB+
C7
25
GND
R8
Y1
20
30
C10
C9
J1
20
10
J101
42SDIP
1
1
160
CN1
10
50
150
60
140
70
130
T16
T15
T14
T13
T12
T11
T10
T9
J102
44QFP
1
44
42
40
5
40
10
35
15
30
20
25
22
23
5
35
10
80
30
90
15
C14
1
51
76 26
25
21
22
P2
SMDS2
100 110 120
SMDS2+
SM1347A
Figure 19-2. TB9228 Target Board Configuration
19-3
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
S3C9228/P9228
Table 19-1. Power Selection Settings for TB9228
"To User_VCC"
Settings
Operating Mode
Comments
To User_VCC
Off
On
TB9228
VCC
Target
System
The SMDS2/SMDS2+
supplies VCC to the target
board (evaluation chip) and
the target system.
VSS
VCC
SMDS2/SMDS2+
To User_VCC
Off
On
TB9228
External
VCC
VSS
Target
System
The SMDS2/SMDS2+
supplies VCC only to the target
board (evaluation chip). The
target system must have its
own power supply.
VCC
SMDS2/SMDS2+
NOTE: The following symbol in the "To User_VCC" Setting column indicates the electrical short (off) configuration:
19-4
S3C9228/P9228
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
SMDS2+ Selection (SAM8)
In order to write data into program memory that is available in SMDS2+, the target board should be selected to
be for SMDS2+ through a switch as follows. Otherwise, the program memory writing function is not available.
Table 19-2. The SMDS2+ Tool Selection Setting
"SW1" Setting
SMDS2
Operating Mode
SMDS2+
R/W
R/W
Target
Board
SMDS2+
Table 19-3. Using Single Header Pins as the Input Path for External Trigger Sources
Target Board Part
Comments
Connector from
External Trigger
Sources of the
Application System
External
Triggers
Ch1
Ch2
You can connect an external trigger source to one of the two external
trigger channels (CH1 or CH2) for the SMDS2+ breakpoint and trace
functions.
IDLE LED
The Green LED is ON when the evaluation chip (S3E9220) is in idle mode.
STOP LED
The Red LED is ON when the evaluation chip (S3E9220) is in stop mode.
19-5
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
S3C9228/P9228
J101
42-SDIP
P6.2
P6.3
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
USER_VCC
VSS
NC
NC
VSS
NC
NC
DEMO_RSTB
P2.3
P2.2
P2.1
NC
NC
NC
NC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
43
44
45
46
J102
44-QFP
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
50
49
48
47
P6.1
P6.0
P5.7
P5.6
P5.5
P5.4
P5.3
P5.2
P5.1
P5.0
P4.7
P4.6
P4.5
P4.4
P4.3
P4.2
P4.1
P4.0
P3.0
P3.1
P2.0
NC
NC
NC
NC
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
USER_VCC
VSS
NC
NC
VSS
NC
NC
DEMO_RSTB
P2.3
P2.2
P2.1
P2.0
P3.1
P3.0
P4.0
P4.1
P4.2
P4.3
NC
NC
NC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
45
46
47
Figure 19-3. Connectors (J101, J102) for TB9228
19-6
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
50
49
48
P0.5
P0.4
P0.3
P0.2
P0.1
P0.0
P6.3
P6.2
P6.1
P6.0
P5.7
P5.6
P5.5
P5.4
P5.3
P5.2
P5.1
P5.0
P4.7
P4.6
P4.5
P4.4
NC
NC
NC
S3C9228/P9228
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
Target Board
Target System
J101
50-Pin DIP Connector
1
J101
42
1
42
21
22
Target Cable for Connector
Part Name: AP42SD
Order Code: SM6538
21
22
Figure 19-4. S3C9228 Probe Adapter for 42-SDIP Package
Target Board
Target System
J102
44
1
44
22
23
Target Cable for 50-pin Connector
Part Name: AP50D-A
Order Code: SM6305
22
23
50-Pin Connector
50-Pin Connector
1
J102
Figure 19-5. S3C9228 Probe Adapter for 44-QFP Package
19-7
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
S3C9228/P9228
NOTES
19-8
S3C9228/P9228
1
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
SAM88RCRI PRODUCT FAMILY
Samsung's SAM88RCRI family of 8-bit single-chip CMOS microcontrollers offer fast and efficient CPU, a wide
range of integrated peripherals, and supports OTP device.
A dual address/data bus architecture and bit- or nibble-configurable I/O ports provide a flexible programming
environment for applications with varied memory and I/O requirements. Timer/counters with selectable operating
modes are included to support real-time operations.
S3C9228/P9228 MICROCONTROLLER
The S3C9228 can be used for dedicated control functions in a variety of applications, and is especially designed
for application with FRS or etc.
The S3C9228/P9228 single-chip 8-bit microcontroller is fabricated using an advanced CMOS process. It is built
around the powerful SAM88RCRI CPU core.
Stop and Idle power-down modes were implemented to reduce power consumption. To increase on-chip register
space, the size of the internal register file was logically expanded. The S3C9228/P9228 has 8K-byte of program
ROM, and 264-byte of RAM (including 16-byte of working register and 20-byte LCD display RAM).
Using the SAM88RCRI design approach, the following peripherals were integrated with the SAM88RCRI core:
— 7 configurable I/O ports including ports shared with segment/common drive outputs
— 10-bit programmable pins for external interrupts
— One 8-bit basic timer for oscillation stabilization and watch-dog functions
— Two 8-bit timer/counters with selectable operating modes
— Watch timer for real time
— 4 channel A/D converter
— 8-bit serial I/O interface
OTP
The S3C9228 microcontroller is also available in OTP (One Time Programmable) version. S3P9228
microcontroller has an on-chip 8K-byte one-time-programmable EPROM instead of masked ROM. The S3P9228
is comparable to S3C9228, both in function and in pin configuration.
1-1
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
S3C9228/P9228
FEATURES
CPU
LCD Controller/Driver
• SAM88RCRI CPU core
•
16 segments and 8 common terminals
Memory
•
•
3, 4, and 8 common selectable
Internal resistor circuit for LCD bias
•
•
8192 × 8 bits program memory (ROM)
264 × 8 bits data memory (RAM)
(Including LCD data memory)
Instruction Set
•
41 instructions
•
Idle and Stop instructions added for power-down
modes
8-bit Serial I/O Interface
•
8-bit transmit/receive mode
•
8-bit receive mode
•
LSB-first or MSB-first transmission selectable
•
Internal or external clock source
A/D Converter
36 I/O Pins
•
10-bit converter resolution
•
I/O: 34 pins (44-pin QFP, 42-pin SDIP)
•
50us conversion speed at 1MHz fADC clock
•
Output only: 2 pins (44-pin QFP)
•
4-channel
Interrupts
Two Power-Down Modes
•
•
•
•
14 interrupt source and 1 vector
One interrupt level
Idle: only CPU clock stops
Stop: system clock and CPU clock stop
8-Bit Basic Timer
Oscillation Sources
•
•
•
Crystal, ceramic, or RC for main clock
•
•
Main clock frequency: 0.4 MHz - 8MHz
32.768 kHz crystal oscillation circuit for
sub clock
Watchdog timer function
3 kinds of clock source
Two 8-Bit Timer/Counters
•
The programmable 8-bit timer/counters
•
External event counter function
Instruction Execution Times
•
Configurable as one 16-bit timer/counters
•
Watch Timer
•
•
Interval time: 3.91mS, 0.25S, 0.5S, and 1S
at 32.768 kHz
0.5/1/2/4 kHz Selectable buzzer output
•
Clock source generation for LCD
500nS at 8MHz fx(minimum)
Operating Voltage Range
•
2.0 V to 5.5 V at 0.4 - 4.2MHz
•
2.7 V to 5.5 V at 0.4 - 8MHz
Operating Temperature Range
•
-25 °C to +85 °C
Package Type
•
1-2
44-pin QFP, 42-pin SDIP
S3C9228/P9228
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
BLOCK DIAGRAM
TAOUT/
P0.0
T1CLK/
P0.1
8-Bit Timer/
CounterA
8-Bit Timer/
CounterB
P0.0/TAOUT/INT
P0.1/T1CLK/INT
P0.2/INT
P0.3/BUZ/INT
P0.4
P0.5
P1.0/AD0/INT
P1.1/AD1/INT
P1.2/AD2/INT
P1.3/AD3/INT
P2.0/SCK/SEG1
P2.1/SO/SEG0
P2.2/SI
P2.3
RESET
X IN
XT IN
XOUT
XT OUT
16-Bit
Timer/
Counter1
I/O Port 0
Watchdog
Timer
Basic Timer
Port I/O and Interrupt
Control
I/O Port 1
SAM88RCRI CPU
Watch Timer
LCD
Driver/
Controller
COM0-COM3/P6.3-P6.0
COM4-COM7/
SEG19-SEG16/P5.7-P5.4
SEG0-SEG1/P2.1-P2.0
SEG2-SEG3/P3.1-P3.0
SEG4-SEG11/P4.0-P4.7
I/O Port 2
SEG12-SEG15/P5.0-P5.3
8-Kbyte
ROM
264-Byte
Register
File
P3.0/INTP/SEG3
P3.1/INTP/SEG2
I/O Port 3
P4.0-P4.7/
SEG4-SEG11
I/O Port 4
A/D Converter
I/O Port 5
I/O Port 6
P5.0-P5.3/
SEG12-SEG15
P5.4-P5.7/
SEG16-SEG19/
COM7-COM4
BUZ/P0.3
SIO
P2.0/SCK/SEG1
P2.1/SO/SEG0
P2.2/SI
P1.0-P1.3/AD0-AD3
P6.0-P6.3/COM3-COM0
Figure 1-1. Block Diagram
1-3
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
S3C9228/P9228
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
P0.5
P0.4
P0.3/BUZ/INT
P0.2/INT
P0.1/T1CLK/INT
P0.0/TAOUT/INT
COM0/P6.3
COM1/P6.2
COM2/P6.1
COM3/P6.0
COM4/SEG19/P5.7
PIN ASSIGNMENTS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
S3C9228
(44-QFP)
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
COM5/SEG18/P5.6
COM6/SEG17/P5.5
COM7/SEG16/P5.4
SEG15/P5.3
SEG14/P5.2
SEG13/P5.1
SEG12/P5.0
SEG11/P4.7
SEG10/P4.6
SEG9/P4.5
SEG8/P4.4
RESET
P2.3
P2.2/SI
SEG0/P2.1/SO
SEG1/P2.0/SCK
SEG2/P3.1/INTP
SEG3/P3.0/INTP
SEG4/P4.0
SEG5/P4.1
SEG6/P4.2
SEG7/P4.3
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
P1.0/AD0/INT
P1.1/AD1/INT
P1.2/AD2/INT
P1.3/AD3/INT
VDD
VSS
XOUT
XIN
TEST
XTIN
XTOUT
Figure 1-2. S3C9228 44-QFP Pin Assignments
1-4
S3C9228/P9228
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
(42-SDIP)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
S3C9228
COM1/P6.2
COM0/P6.3
P0.0/TAOUT/INT
P0.1/T1CLK/INT
P0.2/INT
P0.3/BUZ/INT
P1.0/AD0/INT
P1.1/AD1/INT
P1.2/AD2/INT
P1.3/AD3/INT
VDD
VSS
XOUT
XIN
TEST
XTIN
XTOUT
RESET
P2.3
P2.2/SI
SEG0/P2.1/SO
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
COM2/P6.1
COM3/P6.0
COM4/SEG19/P5.7
COM5/SEG18/P5.6
COM6/SEG17/P5.5
COM7/SEG16/P5.4
SEG15/P5.3
SEG14/P5.2
SEG13/P5.1
SEG12/P5.0
SEG11/P4.7
SEG10/P4.6
SEG9/P4.5
SEG8/P4.4
SEG7/P4.3
SEG6/P4.2
SEG5/P4.1
SEG4/P4.0
SEG3/P3.0/INTP
SEG2/P3.1/INTP
SEG1/P2.0/SCK
Figure 1-3. S3C9228 42-SDIP Pin Assignments
1-5
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
S3C9228/P9228
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Table 1-1. Pin Descriptions
Pin Names
Pin
Type
Pin Description
Circuit
Number
Pin
Numbers
Share
Pins
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
I/O
1-bit programmable I/O port. Schmitt
trigger input or push-pull, open-drain
output and software assignable pull-ups.
E-4
39(3)
40(4)
41(5)
42(6)
TAOUT/INT
T1CLK/INT
INT
BUZ/INT
P0.4-P0.5
O
1-bit programmable output port.
C
43-44
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
I/O
1-bit programmable I/O port. Schmitt
trigger input or push-pull, open-drain
output and software assignable pull-ups.
F-16A
1(7)
2(8)
3(9)
4(10)
AD0/INT
AD1/INT
AD2/INT
AD3/INT
P2.0
P2.1
I/O
1-bit programmable I/O port. Schmitt
trigger input or push-pull, open-drain
H-32A
16(22)
15(21)
SCK/SEG1
SO/SEG0
P2.2
P2.3
I/O
output and software assignable pull-ups.
E-4
14(20)
13(19)
SI
–
P3.0
P3.1
I/O
1-bit programmable I/O port. Schmitt
trigger input or push-pull, open-drain
output and software assignable pull-ups.
H-32B
18(24)
17(23)
INTP/SEG3
INTP/SEG2
P4.0–P4.7
I/O
1-bit programmable I/O port. Input or
push-pull, open-drain output and
software assignable pull-ups.
H-32
19-26(25-32)
SEG4-SEG11
P5.0–P5.3
I/O
1-bit programmable I/O port. Input or
push-pull, open-drain output and
H-32
27-30(33-36)
SEG12-SEG15
31-34(37-40)
SEG16-SEG19
/COM7-COM4
35-38
(41-42,1-2)
COM3-COM0
P5.4–P5.7
P6.0-P6.3
software assignable pull-ups.
I/O
1-bit programmable I/O port. Input or
push-pull, open-drain output and
software assignable pull-ups.
NOTE: Parentheses indicate pin number for 42-SDIP-600 package.
1-6
H-32
S3C9228/P9228
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
Table 1-1. Pin Descriptions (Continued)
Pin Names
Pin
Type
Pin Description
Circuit
Number
Pin
Numbers
Share
Pins
–
VDD, VSS
–
Power input pins for internal power block
–
5,6(11,12)
XOUT, XIN
–
Main oscillator pins for main clock
–
7,8(13,14)
XTOUT, XTIN
–
Sub oscillator pins for sub clock
–
11,10(17,16)
–
TEST
–
Chip test input pin
Hold GND when the device is operating
–
9(15)
–
RESET
I
RESET signal input pin. Schmitt trigger
input with internal pull-up resistor.
B
12(18)
–
INT
I/O
External interrupts input.
E-4
F-16A
39-42(3-6)
1-4(7-10)
P0.0-P0.3
P1.0-P1.3
INTP
I/O
Key scan interrupts inputs.
H-32B
17-18(23-24)
P3.1-P3.0
T1CLK
I/O
Timer 1/A external clock input.
E-4
40(4)
P0.1
TAOUT
I/O
Timer 1/A clock output.
E-4
39(3)
P0.0
AD0-AD3
I/O
Analog input pins for A/D converts
module.
F-16A
1-4(7-10)
P1.0-P1.3
BUZ
I/O
Buzzer signal output.
E-4
42(6)
P0.3
SCK
SO
I/O
Serial clock, serial data output, serial data
input
H-32A
16-15(22-21)
P2.0-P2.1
E-4
14(20)
P2.2
H-32A
15-16(21-22)
P2.1-P2.0
SEG2-SEG3
H-32B
17-18(23-24)
P3.1-P3.0
SEG4-SEG19
H-32
19-34(25-40)
P4.0-P4.7
P5.0-P5.7
H-32
38-31
(2-1,42-37)
P6.3-P6.0
P5.7-P5.4
SI
SEG0-SEG1
COM0-COM7
I/O
I/O
LCD segment signal output
LCD common signal output
NOTE: Parentheses indicate pin number for 42-SDIP-600 package.
1-7
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
S3C9228/P9228
PIN CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
VDD
Pull-Up
Resistor
RESET
Noise Filter
Figure 1-4. Pin Circuit Type B
VDD
Data
Output
Output
Disable
VSS
Figure 1-5. Pin Circuit Type C
1-8
S3C9228/P9228
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
VDD
VDD
Pull-up
Resistor
Pull-up
Enable
Open-Drain
I/O
Data
Output
Disable
External
Interrupt
Input
Figure 1-7. Pin Circuit Type E-4
VDD
Pull-up
Resistor
Pull-up Enable
Open-Drain EN
Data
Output Disable
Circuit
Type E
I/O
ADEN
ADSELECT
Data
To ADC
Figure 1-8. Pin Circuit Type F-16A
1-9
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
S3C9228/P9228
VLC1
VLC2
VLC3
SEG/COM
Out
Output
Disable
VLC4
VLC5
VSS
Figure 1-9. Pin Circuit Type H-23
1-10
S3C9228/P9228
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
VDD
Pull-up
Resistor
VDD
Pull-up
Enable
Open-Drain EN
Data
I/O
LCD Out EN
COM/SEG
Output
Disable
Circuit
Type H-23
Figure 1-10. Pin Circuit Type H-32
VDD
VDD
Pull-up
Resistor
Pull-up
Enable
Open-Drain EN
Data
I/O
LCD Out EN
COM/SEG
Output
Disable
Circuit
Type H-23
Figure 1-11. Pin Circuit Type H-32A
1-11
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
S3C9228/P9228
VDD
VDD
Pull-up
Resistor
Pull-up
Enable
Open-Drain EN
Data
I/O
Port
Enable
(LMOD.5)
LCD Out EN
COM/SEG
Output
Disable
Circuit
Type H-23
Figure 1-12. Pin Circuit Type H-32B
1-12
S3C9228/P9228
2
ADDRESS SPACES
ADDRESS SPACES
OVERVIEW
The S3C9228/P9228 microcontroller has three kinds of address space:
— Program memory (ROM)
— Internal register file
— LCD display register file
A 16-bit address bus supports program memory operations. Special instructions and related internal logic
determine when the 16-bit bus carries addresses for program memory. A separate 8-bit register bus carries
addresses and data between the CPU and the internal register file.
The S3C9228 has 8K bytes of mask-programmable program memory on-chip. The S3C9228/P9228
microcontroller has 244 bytes general-purpose registers in its internal register file and the 20 bytes for LCD
display memory is implemented in the internal register file too. Fifty-six bytes in the register file are mapped for
system and peripheral control functions.
2-1
ADDRESS SPACES
S3C9228/P9228
PROGRAM MEMORY (ROM)
Program memory (ROM) stores program code or table data. The S3C9228 has 8K bytes of mask-programable
program memory. The program memory address range is therefore 0H-1FFFH. The first 2 bytes of the ROM
(0000H–0001H) are an interrupt vector address. The program reset address in the ROM is 0100H.
(Decimal)
8,192
(Hex)
1FFFH
8K bytes
Internal
Program
Memory
Area
256
Program Start
2
1
0
0100H
0002H
Interrupt
Vector
0001H
0000H
Figure 2-1. S3C9228/P9228 Program Memory Address Space
2-2
S3C9228/P9228
ADDRESS SPACES
REGISTER ARCHITECTURE
The upper 72 bytes of the S3C9228/P9228's internal register file are addressed as working registers, system
control registers and peripheral control registers. The lower 184 bytes of internal register file (00H–B7H) is called
the general purpose register space.
For many SAM88RCRI microcontrollers, the addressable area of the internal register file is further expanded by
the additional of one or more register pages at general purpose register space (00H–BFH). This register file
expansion is implemented by page 1 in the S3C9228/P9228. The page 1 (20 × 8 bits) is for LCD display register
and can be used as general-purpose registers.
FFH
Peripheral Control
Registers
72 Bytes of
Common Area
E0H
DFH
System Control
Registers
D0H
CFH
Working Registers
C0H
BFH
Peripheral Control
Registers
B8H
B7H
General Purpose
Register File
and Stack Area
184 Bytes
~
3FH
64 Bytes
General Purpose
Register File
13H
LCD Display
Registers
00H
00H
(Page 0)
(Page 1)
Figure 2-2. Internal Register File Organization
2-3
ADDRESS SPACES
S3C9228/P9228
COMMON WORKING REGISTER AREA (C0H–CFH)
The SAM88RCRI register architecture provides an efficient method of working register addressing that takes full
advantage of shorter instruction formats to reduce execution time.
This16-byte address range is called common area. That is, locations in this area can be used as working registers
by operations that address any location on any page in the register file. Typically, these working registers serve
as temporary buffers for data operations between different pages.
The Register (R) addressing mode can be used to access this area
Registers are addressed either as a single 8-bit register or as a paired 16-bit register. In 16-bit register pairs, the
address of the first 8-bit register is always an even number and the address of the next register is an odd number.
The most significant byte of the 16-bit data is always stored in the even-numbered register; the least significant
byte is always stored in the next (+ 1) odd-numbered register.
MSB
LSB
Rn
Rn + 1
n = Even address
Figure 2-3. 16-Bit Register Pairs
+ PROGRAMMING TIP — Addressing the Common Working Register Area
As the following examples show, you should access working registers in the common area, locations C0H–CFH,
using working register addressing mode only.
Examples:
1. LD
0C2H,40H
; Invalid addressing mode!
Use working register addressing instead:
LD
2. ADD
R2,40H
; R2 (C2H) ← the value in location 40H
0C3H,#45H
; Invalid addressing mode!
Use working register addressing instead:
ADD R3,#45H
2-4
; R3 (C3H) ← R3 + 45H
S3C9228/P9228
ADDRESS SPACES
SYSTEM STACK
S3C9-series microcontrollers use the system stack for subroutine calls and returns and to store data. The PUSH
and POP instructions are used to control system stack operations. The S3C9228/P9228 architecture supports
stack operations in the internal register file.
STACK OPERATIONS
Return addresses for procedure calls and interrupts and data are stored on the stack. The contents of the PC are
saved to stack by a CALL instruction and restored by the RET instruction. When an interrupt occurs, the contents
of the PC and the FLAGS register are pushed to the stack. The IRET instruction then pops these values back to
their original locations. The stack address is always decremented before a push operation and incremented after
a pop operation. The stack pointer (SP) always points to the stack frame stored on the top of the stack, as shown
in Figure 2-4.
High Address
PCL
PCL
Top of
stack
PCH
PCH
Top of
stack
Stack contents
after a call
instruction
Low Address
Flags
Stack contents
after an
interrupt
Figure 2-4. Stack Operations
STACK POINTER (SP)
Register location D9H contains the 8-bit stack pointer (SP) that is used for system stack operations. After a reset,
the SP value is undetermined.
Because only internal memory space is implemented in the S3C9228/P9228, the SP must be initialized to an 8bit value in the range 00H–B7H.
NOTE
In case a Stack Pointer is initialized to 00H, it is decreased to FFH when stack operation starts. This
means that a Stack Pointer access invalid stack area.
2-5
ADDRESS SPACES
S3C9228/P9228
+ PROGRAMMING TIP — Standard Stack Operations Using PUSH and POP
The following example shows you how to perform stack operations in the internal register file using PUSH and
POP instructions:
LD
SP,#0B8H
; SP ← B8H (Normally, the SP is set to 0B8H by the
; initialization routine)
SYM
WTCON
20H
R3
;
;
;
;
Stack address 0B7H ←
Stack address 0B6H ←
Stack address 0B5H ←
Stack address 0B4H ←
R3
20H
WTCON
SYM
;
;
;
;
R3 ← Stack address 0B4H
20H ← Stack address 0B5H
WTCON ← Stack address 0B6H
SYM ← Stack address 0B7H
•
•
•
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
•
•
•
POP
POP
POP
POP
2-6
SYM
WTCON
20H
R3
S3C9228/P9228
3
ADDRESSING MODES
ADDRESSING MODES
OVERVIEW
Instructions that are stored in program memory are fetched for execution using the program counter. Instructions
indicate the operation to be performed and the data to be operated on. Addressing mode is the method used to
determine the location of the data operand. The operands specified in SAM88RCRI instructions may be condition
codes, immediate data, or a location in the register file, program memory, or data memory.
The SAM88RCRI instruction set supports six explicit addressing modes. Not all of these addressing modes are
available for each instruction. The addressing modes and their symbols are as follows:
— Register (R)
— Indirect Register (IR)
— Indexed (X)
— Direct Address (DA)
— Relative Address (RA)
— Immediate (IM)
3-1
ADDRESSING MODES
S3C9228/P9228
REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE (R)
In Register addressing mode, the operand is the content of a specified register (see Figure 3-1). Working register
addressing differs from Register addressing because it uses a 16-byte working register space in the register file
and a 4-bit register within that space (see Figure 3-2).
Program Memory
8-bit Register
File Address
dst
OPCODE
One-Operand
Instruction
(Example)
Register File
OPERAND
Point to One
Rigister in Register
File
Value used in
Instruction Execution
Sample Instruction:
DEC
CNTR
;
Where CNTR is the label of an 8-bit register address
Figure 3-1. Register Addressing
Register File
CFH
.
.
.
.
Program Memory
4-Bit
Working Register
dst
src
OPCODE
Two-Operand
Instruction
(Example)
4 LSBs
OPERAND
Point to the
Woking Register
(1 of 16)
Sample Instruction:
ADD
R1, R2
;
Where R1 = C1H and R2 = C2H
Figure 3-2. Working Register Addressing
3-2
C0H
S3C9228/P9228
ADDRESSING MODES
INDIRECT REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE (IR)
In Indirect Register (IR) addressing mode, the content of the specified register or register pair is the address of
the operand. Depending on the instruction used, the actual address may point to a register in the register file, to
program memory (ROM), or to an external memory space (see Figures 3-3 through 3-6).
You can use any 8-bit register to indirectly address another register. Any 16-bit register pair can be used to
indirectly address another memory location.
Program Memory
8-Bit Register
File Address
dst
OPCODE
One-Operand
Instruction
(Example)
Register File
Point to One
Rigister in Register
File
ADDRESS
Address of Operand
used by Instruction
Value used in
Instruction Execution
OPERAND
Sample Instruction:
RL
@SHIFT
;
Where SHIFT is the label of an 8-Bit register address
Figure 3-3. Indirect Register Addressing to Register File
3-3
ADDRESSING MODES
S3C9228/P9228
INDIRECT REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE (Continued)
Register File
Program Memory
Example
Instruction
References
Program
Memory
dst
OPCODE
REGISTER
PAIR
Points to
Rigister Pair
Program Memory
Sample Instructions:
CALL
JP
@RR2
@RR2
Value used in
Instruction
OPERAND
Figure 3-4. Indirect Register Addressing to Program Memory
3-4
16-Bit
Address
Points to
Program
Memory
S3C9228/P9228
ADDRESSING MODES
INDIRECT REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE (Continued)
Register File
CFH
Program Memory
4-Bit
Working
Register
Address
dst
OPCODE
Sample Instruction:
OR
src
R6, @R2
4 LSBs
.
.
.
.
OPERAND
Point to the
Woking Register
(1 of 16)
Value used in
Instruction
C0H
OPERAND
Figure 3-5. Indirect Working Register Addressing to Register File
3-5
ADDRESSING MODES
S3C9228/P9228
INDIRECT REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE (Concluded)
Register File
CFH
.
.
.
.
Program Memory
4-Bit Working
Register Address
Example Instruction
References either
Program Memory or
Data Memory
dst
src
OPCODE
Next 3 Bits Point
to Working
Register Pair
(1 of 8)
LSB Selects
Value used in
Instruction
Register
Pair
C0H
Program Memory
or
Data Memory
16-Bit
address
points to
program
memory
or data
memory
OPERAND
Sample Instructions:
LCD
LDE
LDE
R5,@RR6
R3,@RR14
@RR4, R8
; Program memory access
; External data memory access
; External data memory access
Figure 3-6. Indirect Working Register Addressing to Program or Data Memory
3-6
S3C9228/P9228
ADDRESSING MODES
INDEXED ADDRESSING MODE (X)
Indexed (X) addressing mode adds an offset value to a base address during instruction execution in order to
calculate the effective operand address (see Figure 3-7). You can use Indexed addressing mode to access
locations in the internal register file or in external memory.
In short offset Indexed addressing mode, the 8-bit displacement is treated as a signed integer in the range of
–128 to +127. This applies to external memory accesses only (see Figure 3-8).
For register file addressing, an 8-bit base address provided by the instruction is added to an 8-bit offset contained
in a working register. For external memory accesses, the base address is stored in the working register pair
designated in the instruction. The 8-bit or 16-bit offset given in the instruction is then added to the base address
(see Figure 3-9).
The only instruction that supports Indexed addressing mode for the internal register file is the Load instruction
(LD). The LDC and LDE instructions support Indexed addressing mode for internal program memory, external
program memory, and for external data memory, when implemented.
Register File
~
Value used in
Instruction
+
Program Memory
Two-Operand
Instruction
Example
Base Address
dst
src
OPCODE
4 LSBs
Point to One of the
Woking Register
(1 of 16)
~
OPERAND
~
~
INDEX
Sample Instruction:
LD
R0, #BASE[R1]
;
Where BASE is an 8-bit immediate value
Figure 3-7. Indexed Addressing to Register File
3-7
ADDRESSING MODES
S3C9228/P9228
INDEXED ADDRESSING MODE (Continued)
Register File
Program Memory
4-Bit Working
Register Address
XS (OFFSET)
dst
src
OPCODE
NEXT 3 Bits
Point to Working
Register Pair
(1 of 8)
Register
Pair
16-Bit
address
added to
offset
LSB Selects
+
8-Bits
16-Bits
Program Memory
or
Data Memory
16-Bits
OPERAND
Value used in
Instruction
Sample Instructions:
LDC
R4, #04H[RR2]
LDE
R4,#04H[RR2]
; The values in the program address (RR2 + #04H)
are loaded into register R4.
; Identical operation to LDC example, except that
external program memory is accessed.
Figure 3-8. Indexed Addressing to Program or Data Memory with Short Offset
3-8
S3C9228/P9228
ADDRESSING MODES
INDEXED ADDRESSING MODE (Concluded)
Program Memory
4-Bit Working
Register Address
XLH (OFFSET)
XLL (OFFSET)
dst
src
OPCODE
Register File
NEXT 3 Bits
Register
Pair
Point to Working
Register Pair
(1 of 8)
16-Bit
address
added to
offset
LSB Selects
+
8-Bits
16-Bits
Program Memory
or
Data Memory
16-Bits
OPERAND
Value used in
Instruction
Sample Instructions:
LDC
R4, #1000H[RR2]
#1000H)
LDE
R4, #1000H[RR2]
; The values in the program address (RR2 +
are loaded into register R4.
; Identical operation to LDC example, except that
external program memory is accessed.
Figure 3-9. Indexed Addressing to Program or Data Memory with Long Offset
3-9
ADDRESSING MODES
S3C9228/P9228
DIRECT ADDRESS MODE (DA)
In Direct Address (DA) mode, the instruction provides the operand's 16-bit memory address. Jump (JP) and Call
(CALL) instructions use this addressing mode to specify the 16-bit destination address that is loaded into the PC
whenever a JP or CALL instruction is executed.
The LDC and LDE instructions can use Direct Address mode to specify the source or destination address for
Load operations to program memory (LDC) or to external data memory (LDE), if implemented.
Program or
Data Memory
Program Memory
Memory
Address
Used
Upper Address Byte
Lower Address Byte
dst/src
"0" or "1"
OPCODE
LSB Selects Program
Memory or Data Memory:
"0" = Program Memory
"1" = Data Memory
Sample Instructions:
LDC
R5,1234H
;
LDE
R5,1234H
;
The values in the program address (1234H)
are loaded into register R5.
Identical operation to LDC example, except that
external program memory is accessed.
Figure 3-10. Direct Addressing for Load Instructions
3-10
S3C9228/P9228
ADDRESSING MODES
DIRECT ADDRESS MODE (Continued)
Program Memory
Next OPCODE
Program
Memory
Address
Used
Lower Address Byte
Upper Address Byte
OPCODE
Sample Instructions:
JP
CALL
C,JOB1
DISPLAY
;
;
Where JOB1 is a 16-bit immediate address
Where DISPLAY is a 16-bit immediate address
Figure 3-11. Direct Addressing for Call and Jump Instructions
3-11
ADDRESSING MODES
S3C9228/P9228
RELATIVE ADDRESS MODE (RA)
In Relative Address (RA) mode, a two's-complement signed displacement between – 128 and + 127 is specified
in the instruction. The displacement value is then added to the current PC value. The result is the address of the
next instruction to be executed. Before this addition occurs, the PC contains the address of the instruction
immediately following the current instruction.
The instructions that support RA addressing is JR.
Program Memory
Next OPCODE
Program Memory
Address Used
Current
PC Value
Displacement
OPCODE
Current Instruction
+
Signed
Displacement Value
Sample Instructions:
JR
ULT,$ + OFFSET
;
Where OFFSET is a value in the range + 127 to - 128
Figure 3-12. Relative Addressing
IMMEDIATE MODE (IM)
In Immediate (IM) addressing mode, the operand value used in the instruction is the value supplied in the
operand field itself. Immediate addressing mode is useful for loading constant values into registers.
Program Memory
OPERAND
OPCODE
(The Operand value is in the instruction)
Sample Instruction:
LD
R0,#0AAH
Figure 3-13. Immediate Addressing
3-12
S3C9228/P9228
4
CONTROL REGISTERS
CONTROL REGISTERS
OVERVIEW
In this section, detailed descriptions of the S3C9228/P9228 control registers are presented in an easy-to-read
format. These descriptions will help familiarize you with the mapped locations in the register file. You can also
use them as a quick-reference source when writing application programs.
System and peripheral registers are summarized in Table 4-1. Figure 4-1 illustrates the important features of the
standard register description format.
Control register descriptions are arranged in alphabetical order according to register mnemonic. More information
about control registers is presented in the context of the various peripheral hardware descriptions in Part II of this
manual.
4-1
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
Table 4-1. System and Peripheral Control Registers (Page 0)
Register Name
Mnemonic
Address (Page 0)
Decimal
Hex
R/W
Port 0 Control Register
P0CON
235
EBH
R/W
Port 0 Pull-up Resistor Enable Register
P0PUR
236
ECH
R/W
Port 0 Interrupt Control Register
P0INT
237
EDH
R/W
P0EDGE
238
EEH
R/W
Port 1 Control Register
P1CON
239
EFH
R/W
Port 1 Pull-up Resistor Enable Register
P1PUR
240
F0H
R/W
Port 1 Interrupt Control Register
P1INT
241
F1H
R/W
P1EDGE
242
F2H
R/W
Port 2 Control Register
P2CON
243
F3H
R/W
Port 2 Pull-up Resistor Enable Register
P2PUR
244
F4H
R/W
Port 3 Control Register
P3CON
245
F5H
R/W
Port 3 Pull-up Resistor Enable Register
P3PUR
246
F6H
R/W
Port 3 Interrupt Control Register
P3INT
247
F7H
R/W
Port 3 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
P3EDGE
248
F8H
R/W
Port 4 Control Register (High Byte)
P4CONH
249
F9H
R/W
Port 4 Control Register (Low Byte)
P4CONL
250
FAH
R/W
Port 5 Control Register (High Byte)
P5CONH
251
FBH
R/W
Port 5 Control Register (Low Byte)
P5CONL
252
FCH
R/W
Port 6 Control Register
P6CON
253
FDH
R/W
LCD Mode Register
LMOD
254
FEH
R/W
Port 0 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
Port 1 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
Location FFH is not mapped.
4-2
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
Table 4-1. System and Peripheral Control Registers (Page 0)
Register Name
Mnemonic
Address (Page 0)
Decimal
R/W
Hex
Locations D8H-B9H are not mapped.
Timer B Control Register
TBCON
202
BAH
R/W
Timer 1/A Control Register
TACON
203
BBH
R/W
Timer B Data Register
TBDATA
204
BCH
R/W
Timer A Data Register
TADATA
205
BDH
R/W
Timer B Counter
TBCNT
206
BEH
R
Timer A Counter
TACNT
207
BFH
R
A/D Converter Control Register
ADCON
208
D0H
R/W
A/D Converter Data Register (High Byte)
ADDATAH
209
D1H
R/W
A/D Converter Data Register (Low Byte)
ADDATAL
210
D2H
R/W
Oscillator Control Register
OSCCON
211
D3H
R/W
System Clock Control Register
CLKCON
212
D4H
R/W
FLAGS
213
D5H
R/W
Interrupt Pending Register 1
INTPND1
214
D6H
R/W
Interrupt Pending Register 2
INTPND2
215
D7H
R/W
LPOT
216
D8H
R/W
SP
217
D9H
R/W
WTCON
218
DAH
R/W
System Flags Register
LCD Port Control Register
Stack Pointer
Watch Timer Control Register
Location DBH is not mapped.
Basic Timer Control Register
BTCON
220
DCH
R/W
Basic Timer Counter
BTCNT
221
DDH
R
Location DEH is not mapped.
System Mode Register
SYM
223
DFH
R/W
STOP Control Register
STPCON
224
E0H
R/W
SIO Control Register
SIOCON
225
E1H
R/W
SIO Data Register
SIODATA
226
E2H
R/W
SIOPS
227
E3H
R/W
Port 0 Data Register
P0
228
E4H
R/W
Port 1 Data Register
P1
229
E5H
R/W
Port 2 Data Register
P2
230
E6H
R/W
Port 3 Data Register
P3
231
E7H
R/W
Port 4 Data Register
P4
232
E8H
R/W
Port 5 Data Register
P5
233
E9H
R/W
Port 6 Data Register
P6
234
EAH
R/W
SIO Prescaler Register
4-3
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
Bit number(s) that is/are appended to the
register name for bit addressing
Name of individual
Register
bit or bit function
Full Register name
mnemonic
Register address
(hexadecimal)
D5H
FLAGS - System Flags Register
Bit Identifier
RESET Value
Read/Write
.7
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
x
R/W
x
R/W
x
R/W
x
R/W
x
R/W
x
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
Carry Flag (C)
.6
0
Operation dose not generate a carry or borrow condition
1
Operation generates carry-out or borrow into high-order bit7
Zero Flag
.5
0
Operation result is a non-zero value
1
Operation result is zero
Sign Flag
0
Operation generates positive number (MSB = "0")
1
Operation generates negative number (MSB = "1")
R = Read-only
W = Write-only
R/W = Read/write
' - ' = Not used
Addressing mode or
modes you can use to
modify register values
Description of the
effect of specific
bit settings
RESET value notation:
'-' = Not used
'x' = Undetermind value
'0' = Logic zero
'1' = Logic one
Figure 4-1. Register Description Format
4-4
Bit number:
MSB = Bit 7
LSB = Bit 0
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
ADCON — A/D Converter Control Register
D0H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.6
Not used for the S3C9228/P9228
.5-.4
A/D Input Pin Selection Bits
.3
.2-.1
.0
0
0
AD0 (P1.0)
0
1
AD1 (P1.1)
1
0
AD2 (P1.2)
1
1
AD3 (P1.3)
End of Conversion Bit (Read-only)
0
Conversion not complete
1
Conversion complete
Clock Source Selection Bits
0
0
fxx/16
0
1
fxx/8
1
0
fxx/4
1
1
fxx
Start or Enable Bit
0
Disable operation
1
Start operation (automatically disable operation after conversion complete)
4-5
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
BTCON — Basic Timer Control Register
DCH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.4
Watchdog Timer Enable Bits
1
0
1
0
Any other value
.3-.2
.1
.0
Disable watchdog function
Enable watchdog function
Basic Timer Input Clock Selection Bits
0
0
fxx/4096
0
1
fxx/1024
1
0
fxx/128
1
1
fxx/16
Basic Timer Counter Clear Bit (1)
0
No effect
1
Clear the basic timer counter value (BTCNT)
Clock Frequency Divider Clear Bit for Basic Timer and Timer/Counters (2)
0
No effect
1
Clear clock frequency dividers
NOTES
1. When "1" is written to BTCON.1, the basic timer counter value is cleared to "00H". Immediately following the write
operation, the BTCON.1 value is automatically cleared to "0".
2. When "1" is written to BTCON.0, the corresponding frequency divider is cleared to "00H". Immediately following the
write operation, the BTCON.0 value is automatically cleared to "0".
4-6
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
CLKCON — System Clock Control Register
D4H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7
.6-.5
Oscillator IRQ Wake-up Function Bit
0
Enable IRQ for main or sub oscillator wake-up in power down mode
1
Disable IRQ for main or sub oscillator wake-up in power down mode
Bits 6-5
0
.4-.3
.2-.0
Always logic zero
CPU Clock (System Clock) Selection Bits
0
0
Divide by 16 (fxx/16)
0
1
Divide by 8 (fxx /8)
1
0
Divide by 2 (fxx /2)
1
1
Non-divided clock (fxx)
Bits 2-0
0
Always logic zero
4-7
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
FLAGS — System Flags Register
D5H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
x
x
x
x
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
–
–
–
–
Read/Write
.7
Carry Flag (C)
0
.6
.5
.4
.3-.0
4-8
Operation does not generate a carry or borrow condition
Zero Flag (Z)
0
Operation result is a non-zero value
1
Operation result is zero
Sign Flag (S)
0
Operation generates a positive number (MSB = "0")
1
Operation generates a negative number (MSB = "1")
Overflow Flag (V)
0
Operation result is ≤ +127 or ≥ –128
1
Operation result is ≥ +127 or ≤ –128
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
INTPND1 — Interrupt Pending Register 1
D6H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
P1.3's Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
P1.2's Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
P1.1's Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
P1.0's Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
P0.3's Interrupt Pending Bit
0 No interrupt pending (when read), Clear pending bit (when write)
1
.2
P0.2's Interrupt Pending Bit
0 No interrupt pending (when read), Clear pending bit (when write)
1
.1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
P0.1's Interrupt Pending Bit
0 No interrupt pending (when read), Clear pending bit (when write)
1
.0
Interrupt is pending (when read)
Interrupt is pending (when read)
P0.0's Interrupt Pending Bit
0 No interrupt pending (when read), Clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
NOTE: Refer to Page 5-6 to clear any pending bits.
4-9
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
INTPND2 — Interrupt Pending Register 2
D7H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.6
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.5
P3.1 (INTP) Interrupt Pending Bit
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
0
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
P3.0 (INTP) Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
Watch Timer Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), Clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
SIO Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), Clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
Timer B Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), Clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
Timer 1/A Interrupt Pending Bit
0
No interrupt pending (when read), Clear pending bit (when write)
1
Interrupt is pending (when read)
NOTE: Refer to Page 5-6 to clear any pending bits.
4-10
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
LMOD — LCD Mode Control Register
FEH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.6
COM Pins High Impedance Control Bit
.5
.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
0
Normal COMs signal output
1
COM pins are at high impedance
Port3 High Impedance Control Bit
0
Normal I/O
1
High impedance input
LCD Display Control Bit
0
Display off (cut off the LCD voltage dividing resistors)
1
Normal display on
LCD Duty and Bias Selection Bits
0
0
1/3 duty, 1/3 bias; COM0–COM2/SEG0–SEG19
0
1
1/4 duty, 1/3 bias; COM0–COM3/SEG0–SEG19
1
0
1/8 duty, 1/4 bias; COM0–COM7/SEG0–SEG15
1
1
1/8 duty, 1/5 bias; COM0–COM7/SEG0–SEG15
LCD Clock Selection Bits
0
0
fw/27 (256 Hz when fw is 32.768 kHz)
0
1
fw/26 (512 Hz when fw is 32.768 kHz)
1
0
fw/25 (1,024 Hz when fw is 32.768 kHz)
1
1
fw/24 (2,048 Hz when fw is 32.768 kHz)
4-11
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
LPOT — LCD Port Control Register
D8H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.6-.4
SEG4-SEG19 and COM0-COM3 Selection Bit
.3
.2
.1
.0
SEG4-7
SEG8-11
SEG12-15
SEG16-19/
COM7-COM4
COM0-3
P4.0-P4.3
P4.4-P4.7
P5.0-P5.3
P5.4-P5.7
P6.0-P6.3
0
0
0
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG/COM
COM
0
0
1
Port
SEG
SEG
SEG/COM
COM
0
1
0
Port
Port
SEG
SEG/COM
COM
0
1
1
Port
Port
Port
SEG/COM
COM
1
0
0
Port
Port
Port
Port
COM
1
0
1
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
SEG3/P3.0 Selection Bit
0
SEG port
1
Normal I/O port
SEG2/P3.1 Selection Bit
0
SEG port
1
Normal I/O port
SEG1/P2.0 Selection Bit
0
SEG port
1
Normal I/O port
SEG0/P2.1 Selection Bit
0
SEG port
1
Normal I/O port
NOTE: SEG16-SEG19 are shared with COM4-COM7.
4-12
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
OSCCON — Oscillator Control Register
D3H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
–
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
–
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
Main Oscillator Control Bit
.2
0
Main oscillator RUN
1
Main oscillator STOP
Sub Oscillator Control Bit
0
Sub oscillator RUN
1
Sub oscillator STOP
.1
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.0
System Clock Selection Bit
0
Select main oscillator for system clock
1
Select sub oscillator for system clock
4-13
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P0CON – Port 0 Control Register
EBH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
4-14
P0.3/BUZ/INT Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Alternative function (BUZ output)
P0.2/INT Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Not available
P0.1/T1CLK/INT Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input (T1CLK input)
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Not available
P0.0/TAOUT/INT Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Alternative function (TAOUT output)
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P0INT –Port 0 Interrupt Enable Register
EDH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
P0.3's Interrupt Enable Bit
.2
.1
.0
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
P0.2's Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
P0.1's Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
P0.0's Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
4-15
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P0PUR –Port 0 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register
ECH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
P0.3's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
.2
.1
.0
4-16
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P0.2's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P0.1's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P0.0's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P0EDGE –Port 0 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
EEH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
P0.3's Interrupt Edge Setting Bit
.2
.1
.0
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
P0.2's Interrupt State Setting Bit
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
P0.1's Interrupt State Setting Bit
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
P0.0's Interrupt State Setting Bit
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
4-17
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P1CON – Port 1 Control Register
EFH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
4-18
P1.3/AD3/INT Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Alternative function (ADC mode)
P1.2/AD2/INT Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Alternative function (ADC mode)
P1.1/AD1/INT Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Alternative function (ADC mode)
P1.0/AD0/INT Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Alternative function (ADC mode)
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P1INT –Port 1 Interrupt Enable Register
F1H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
P1.3's Interrupt Enable Bit
.2
.1
.0
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
P1.2's Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
P1.1's Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
P1.0's Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
4-19
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P1PUR –Port 1 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register
F0H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
P1.3's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
.2
.1
.0
4-20
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P1.2's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P1.1's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P1.0's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P1EDGE –Port 1 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
F2H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
P1.3's Interrupt Edge Setting Bit
.2
.1
.0
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
P1.2's Interrupt State Setting Bit
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
P1.1's Interrupt State Setting Bit
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
P1.0's Interrupt State Setting Bit
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
4-21
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P2CON – Port 2 Control Register
F3H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
4-22
P2.3 Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Not available
P2.2/SI Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input (SI)
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Not available
P2.1/SO Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Alternative function (SO out)
P2.0/SCK Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input (SCK in)
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Alternative function (SCK out)
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P2PUR –Port 2 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register
F4H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
P2.3's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
.2
.1
.0
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P2.2's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P2.1's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P2.0's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
4-23
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P3CON – Port 3 Control Register
F5H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3-.2
P3.1/SEG2/INTP Configuration Bits
.1-.0
4-24
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Not available
P3.0/SEG3/INTP Configuration Bits
0
0
Schmitt trigger input
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Not available
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P3INT –Port 3 Interrupt Enable Register
F7H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
–
–
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
.7-.2
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.1
P3.1's Interrupt Enable Bit
.0
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
P3.0's Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
4-25
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P3PUR –Port 3 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register
F6H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
–
–
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
.7-.2
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.1
P3.1's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
.0
4-26
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
P3.0's Pull-up Resistor Enable Bit
0
Disable pull-up resistor
1
Enable pull-up resistor
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P3EDGE –Port 3 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
F8H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
–
–
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.1
P3.1's Interrupt State Setting Bit
.0
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
P3.0's Interrupt State Setting Bit
0
Falling edge interrupt
1
Rising edge interrupt
4-27
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P4CONH – Port 4 Control Register High Byte
F9H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
4-28
P4.7/SEG11 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P4.6/SEG10 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P4.5/SEG9 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P4.4/SEG8 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P4CONL–Port 4 Control Register Low Byte
FAH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
P4.3/SEG7 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P4.2/SEG6 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P4.1/SEG5 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P4.0/SEG4 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
4-29
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P5CONH – Port 5 Control Register High Byte
FBH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
4-30
P5.7/SEG19/COM4 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P5.6/SEG18/COM5 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P5.5/SEG17/COM6 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P5.4/SEG16/COM7 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
P5CONL – Port 5 Control Register Low Byte
FCH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
P5.3/SEG15 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P5.2/SEG14 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P5.1/SEG13 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P5.0/SEG12 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
4-31
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
P6CON – Port 6 Control Register High Byte
FDH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7-.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1-.0
4-32
P6.3/COM0 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P6.2/COM1 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P6.1/COM2 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
P6.0/COM3 Configuration Bits
0
0
Input mode
0
1
Push-pull output
1
0
N-channel open-drain output
1
1
Input, pull-up mode
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
SIOCON — SIO Control Register
E1H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
–
Read/Write
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
SIO Shift Clock Selection Bit
0
Internal clock (P.S clock)
1
External clock (SCK)
Data Direction Control Bit
0
MSB-first mode
1
LSB-first mode
SIO Mode Selection Bit
0
Receive-only mode
1
Transmit/receive mode
Shift Clock Edge Selection Bit
0
Tx at falling edges, Rx at rising edges
1
Tx at rising edges, Rx at falling edges
SIO Counter Clear and Shift Start Bit
0
No action
1
Clear 3-bit counter and start shifting
SIO Shift Operation Enable Bit
0
Disable shifter and clock counter
1
Enable shifter and clock counter
SIO Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable SIO interrupt
1
Enable SIO interrupt
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
4-33
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
STPCON – Stop Control Register
E0H
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Read/Write
.7
Stop Control Bits
1
0
1
0
0
Other values
1
0
1
Enable Stop instruction
Disable Stop instruction
NOTE: Before executing the STOP instruction, the STPCON register must be set to "10100101B". Otherwise the STOP
instruction will not execute.
4-34
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
SYM — System Mode Register
DFH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
–
–
–
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
.7-.4
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.3
Global Interrupt Enable Bit
.2-.0
0
Global interrupt processing disable (DI instruction)
1
Global interrupt processing enable (EI instruction)
Page Selection Bits
0
0
0
Page 0
0
0
1
Page 1
Other values
Not available
4-35
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
TACON — Timer 1/A Control Register
BBH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
–
Read/Write
.7
.6-.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
Timer 1 Mode Selection Bit
0
Two 8-bit timers mode (Timer A/B)
1
One 16-bit timer mode (Timer 1)
Timer 1/A Clock Selection Bits
0
0
0
fxx/512
0
0
1
fxx/256
0
1
0
fxx/64
0
1
1
fxx/8
1
0
0
fxx (system clock)
1
0
1
fxt (sub clock)
1
1
0
T1CLK (external clock)
1
1
1
Not available
Timer 1/A Counter Clear Bit
0
No effect
1
Clear the timer 1/A counter (when write)
Timer 1/A Counter Enable Bit
0
Disable counting operation
1
Enable counting operation
Timer 1/A Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
Bit 0
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
4-36
S3C9228/P9228
CONTROL REGISTERS
TBCON — Timer B Control Register
BAH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
–
Read/Write
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
–
.7
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
.6-.4
Timer B Clock Selection Bits
.3
.2
.1
.0
0
0
0
fxx/512
0
0
1
fxx/256
0
1
0
fxx/64
0
1
1
fxx/8
1
0
0
fxx (system clock)
1
0
1
fxt (sub clock)
Timer B Counter Clear Bit
0
No effect
1
Clear the timer B counter (when write)
Timer B Counter Enable Bit
0
Disable counting operation
1
Enable counting operation
Timer B Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable interrupt
1
Enable interrupt
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
4-37
CONTROL REGISTERS
S3C9228/P9228
WTCON — Watch Timer Control Register
DAH
Bit Identifier
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
RESET Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
–
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
–
Read/Write
.7
.6
.5-.4
.3-.2
.1
.0
4-38
Watch Timer Clock Selection Bit
0
Select main clock divided by 27 (fx/128)
1
Select sub clock (fxt)
Watch Timer Interrupt Enable Bit
0
Disable watch timer interrupt
1
Enable watch timer interrupt
Buzzer Signal Selection Bits
0
0
0.5 kHz
0
1
1 kHz
1
0
2 kHz
1
1
4 kHz
Watch Timer Speed Selection Bits
0
0
Set watch timer interrupt to 1s
0
1
Set watch timer interrupt to 0.5s
1
0
Set watch timer interrupt to 0.25s
1
1
Set watch timer interrupt to 3.91ms
Watch Timer Enable Bit
0
Disable watch timer; Clear frequency dividing circuits
1
Enable watch timer
Not used for S3C9228/P9228
S3C9228/P9228
5
INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
OVERVIEW
The SAM88RCRI interrupt structure has two basic components: a vector, and sources. The number of interrupt
sources can be serviced through a interrupt vector which is assigned in ROM address 0000H–0001H.
VECTOR
SOURCES
S1
0000H
0001H
S2
S3
Sn
NOTES:
1. The SAM88RCRI interrupt has only one vector address (0000H-0001H).
2. The number of Sn value is expandable.
Figure 5-1. S3C9-Series Interrupt Type
INTERRUPT PROCESSING CONTROL POINTS
Interrupt processing can be controlled in two ways: globally, or by specific interrupt level and source. The systemlevel control points in the interrupt structure are therefore:
— Global interrupt enable and disable (by EI and DI instructions)
— Interrupt source enable and disable settings in the corresponding peripheral control register(s)
ENABLE/DISABLE INTERRUPT INSTRUCTIONS (EI, DI)
The system mode register, SYM (DFH), is used to enable and disable interrupt processing.
SYM.3 is the enable and disable bit for global interrupt processing, which you can set by modifying SYM.3. An
Enable Interrupt (EI) instruction must be included in the initialization routine that follows a reset operation in order
to enable interrupt processing. Although you can manipulate SYM.3 directly to enable and disable interrupts
during normal operation, we recommend that you use the EI and DI instructions for this purpose.
5-1
INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
S3C9228/P9228
INTERRUPT PENDING FUNCTION TYPES
When the interrupt service routine has executed, the application program's service routine must clear the
appropriate pending bit before the return from interrupt subroutine (IRET) occurs.
INTERRUPT PRIORITY
Because there is not a interrupt priority register in SAM87RCRI, the order of service is determined by a sequence
of source which is executed in interrupt service routine.
"EI" Instruction
Execution
S
RESET
R
Source
Interrupts
Source
Interrupt
Enable
Q
Interrupt Pending
Register
Interrpt priority
is determind by
software polling
method
Global Interrupt
Control (EI, Di instruction)
Figure 5-2. Interrupt Function Diagram
5-2
Vector
Interrupt
Cycle
S3C9228/P9228
INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
INTERRUPT SOURCE SERVICE SEQUENCE
The interrupt request polling and servicing sequence is as follows:
1. A source generates an interrupt request by setting the interrupt request pending bit to "1".
2. The CPU generates an interrupt acknowledge signal.
3. The service routine starts and the source's pending flag is cleared to "0" by software.
4. Interrupt priority must be determined by software polling method.
INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINES
Before an interrupt request can be serviced, the following conditions must be met:
— Interrupt processing must be enabled (EI, SYM.3 = "1")
— Interrupt must be enabled at the interrupt's source (peripheral control register)
If all of the above conditions are met, the interrupt request is acknowledged at the end of the instruction cycle.
The CPU then initiates an interrupt machine cycle that completes the following processing sequence:
1. Reset (clear to "0") the global interrupt enable bit in the SYM register (DI, SYM.3 = "0")
to disable all subsequent interrupts.
2. Save the program counter and status flags to stack.
3. Branch to the interrupt vector to fetch the service routine's address.
4. Pass control to the interrupt service routine.
When the interrupt service routine is completed, an Interrupt Return instruction (IRET) occurs. The IRET restores
the PC and status flags and sets SYM.3 to "1"(EI), allowing the CPU to process the next interrupt request.
GENERATING INTERRUPT VECTOR ADDRESSES
The interrupt vector area in the ROM contains the address of the interrupt service routine. Vectored interrupt
processing follows this sequence:
1. Push the program counter's low-byte value to stack.
2. Push the program counter's high-byte value to stack.
3. Push the FLAGS register values to stack.
4. Fetch the service routine's high-byte address from the vector address 0000H.
5. Fetch the service routine's low-byte address from the vector address 0001H.
6. Branch to the service routine specified by the 16-bit vector address.
5-3
INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
S3C9228/P9228 INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
The S3C9228/P9228 microcontroller has fourteen peripheral interrupt sources:
— Timer 1/A interrupt
— Timer B interrupt
— SIO interrupt
— Watch Timer interrupt
— Four external interrupts for port 0
— Four external interrupts for port 1
— Two external interrupts for port 3
5-4
S3C9228/P9228
S3C9228/P9228
INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
Vector
Enable/Disable
Pending
Sources
INTPND1.0
P0.0 External Interript
INTPND1.1
P0.1 External Interript
INTPND1.2
P0.2 External Interript
INTPND1.3
P0.3 External Interript
INTPND1.4
P1.0 External Interript
INTPND1.5
P1.1 External Interript
INTPND1.6
P1.2 External Interript
INTPND1.7
P1.3 External Interrupt
INTPND2.0
Timer 1/A Interrupt
INTPND2.1
Timer B Interrupt
INTPND2.2
SIO Interrupt
INTPND2.3
Watch Timer Interrupt
INTPND2.4
P3.0 Interrupt
INTPND2.5
P3.1 Interrupt
P0INT.0
P0INT.1
P0INT.2
P0INT.3
P1INT.0
P1INT.1
P1INT.2
0000H
0001H
P1INT.3
SYM.3
(EI, DI)
TACON.1
TBCON.1
SIOCON.1
WTCON.1
P3INT.0
P3INT.1
Figure 5-3. S3C9228/P9228 Interrupt Structure
5-5
INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
Programming Tip —
S3C9228/P9228
How to clear an interrupt pending bit
As the following examples are shown, a load instruction should be used to clear an interrupt pending bit.
Examples:
1.
LD
•
•
•
INTPND1, #11111011B
; Clear P0.2's interrupt pending bit
INTPND2, #11110111B
; Clear watch timer interrupt pending bit
IRET
2.
LD
•
•
•
IRET
5-6
S3C9228/P9228
6
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
OVERVIEW
The SAM88RCRI instruction set is designed to support the large register file. It includes a full complement of 8bit arithmetic and logic operations. There are 41 instructions. No special I/O instructions are necessary because
I/O control and data registers are mapped directly into the register file. Flexible instructions for bit addressing,
rotate, and shift operations complete the powerful data manipulation capabilities of the SAM88RCRI instruction
set.
REGISTER ADDRESSING
To access an individual register, an 8-bit address in the range 0-255 or the 4-bit address of a working register is
specified. Paired registers can be used to construct 16-bit program memory or data memory addresses. For
detailed information about register addressing, please refer to Section 2, "Address Spaces".
ADDRESSING MODES
There are six addressing modes: Register (R), Indirect Register (IR), Indexed (X), Direct (DA), Relative (RA), and
Immediate (IM). For detailed descriptions of these addressing modes, please refer to Section 3, "Addressing
Modes".
6-1
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
S3C9228/P9228
Table 6-1. Instruction Group Summary
Mnemonic
Operands
Instruction
CLR
dst
Clear
LD
dst,src
Load
LDC
dst,src
Load program memory
LDE
dst,src
Load external data memory
LDCD
dst,src
Load program memory and decrement
LDED
dst,src
Load external data memory and decrement
LDCI
dst,src
Load program memory and increment
LDEI
dst,src
Load external data memory and increment
POP
dst
Pop from stack
PUSH
src
Push to stack
Load Instructions
Arithmetic Instructions
ADC
dst,src
Add with carry
ADD
dst,src
Add
CP
dst,src
Compare
DEC
dst
Decrement
INC
dst
Increment
SBC
dst,src
Subtract with carry
SUB
dst,src
Subtract
AND
dst,src
Logical AND
COM
dst
Complement
OR
dst,src
Logical OR
XOR
dst,src
Logical exclusive OR
Logic Instructions
6-2
S3C9228/P9228
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Table 6-1. Instruction Group Summary (Continued)
Mnemonic
Operands
Instruction
Program Control Instructions
CALL
dst
IRET
Call procedure
Interrupt return
JP
cc,dst
Jump on condition code
JP
dst
Jump unconditional
JR
cc,dst
Jump relative on condition code
RET
Return
Bit Manipulation Instructions
TCM
dst,src
Test complement under mask
TM
dst,src
Test under mask
Rotate and Shift Instructions
RL
dst
Rotate left
RLC
dst
Rotate left through carry
RR
dst
Rotate right
RRC
dst
Rotate right through carry
SRA
dst
Shift right arithmetic
CPU Control Instructions
CCF
Complement carry flag
DI
Disable interrupts
EI
Enable interrupts
IDLE
Enter Idle mode
NOP
No operation
RCF
Reset carry flag
SCF
Set carry flag
STOP
Enter Stop mode
6-3
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
S3C9228/P9228
FLAGS REGISTER (FLAGS)
The FLAGS register contains eight bits that describe the current status of CPU operations. Four of these bits,
FLAGS.4 – FLAGS.7, can be tested and used with conditional jump instructions;
FLAGS register can be set or reset by instructions as long as its outcome does not affect the flags, such as, Load
instruction. Logical and Arithmetic instructions such as, AND, OR, XOR, ADD, and SUB can affect the Flags
register. For example, the AND instruction updates the Zero, Sign and Overflow flags based on the outcome of
the AND instruction. If the AND instruction uses the Flags register as the destination, then simultaneously, two
write will occur to the Flags register producing an unpredictable result.
System Flags Register (FLAGS)
D5H, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
Carry flag (C)
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
Not mapped
Zero flag (Z)
Sign flag (S)
Overflow flag (V)
Figure 6-1. System Flags Register (FLAGS)
FLAG DESCRIPTIONS
Overflow Flag (FLAGS.4, V)
The V flag is set to "1" when the result of a two's-complement operation is greater than + 127 or less than – 128.
It is also cleared to "0" following logic operations.
Sign Flag (FLAGS.5, S)
Following arithmetic, logic, rotate, or shift operations, the sign bit identifies the state of the MSB of the result. A
logic zero indicates a positive number and a logic one indicates a negative number.
Zero Flag (FLAGS.6, Z)
For arithmetic and logic operations, the Z flag is set to "1" if the result of the operation is zero. For operations that
test register bits, and for shift and rotate operations, the Z flag is set to "1" if the result is logic zero.
Carry Flag (FLAGS.7, C)
The C flag is set to "1" if the result from an arithmetic operation generates a carry-out from or a borrow to the
bit 7 position (MSB). After rotate and shift operations, it contains the last value shifted out of the specified
register. Program instructions can set, clear, or complement the carry flag.
6-4
S3C9228/P9228
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
INSTRUCTION SET NOTATION
Table 6-2. Flag Notation Conventions
Flag
Description
C
Carry flag
Z
Zero flag
S
Sign flag
V
Overflow flag
0
Cleared to logic zero
1
Set to logic one
*
Set or cleared according to operation
–
Value is unaffected
x
Value is undefined
Table 6-3. Instruction Set Symbols
Symbol
Description
dst
Destination operand
src
Source operand
@
Indirect register address prefix
PC
Program counter
FLAGS
Flags register (D5H)
#
Immediate operand or register address prefix
H
Hexadecimal number suffix
D
Decimal number suffix
B
Binary number suffix
opc
Opcode
6-5
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
S3C9228/P9228
Table 6-4. Instruction Notation Conventions
Notation
cc
Actual Operand Range
Condition code
See list of condition codes in Table 6-6.
r
Working register only
Rn (n = 0–15)
rr
Working register pair
RRp (p = 0, 2, 4, ..., 14)
R
Register or working register
reg or Rn (reg = 0–255, n = 0–15)
Register pair or working register pair
reg or RRp (reg = 0–254, even number only, where
p = 0, 2, ..., 14)
Ir
Indirect working register only
@Rn (n = 0–15)
IR
Indirect register or indirect working register @Rn or @reg (reg = 0–255, n = 0–15)
Irr
Indirect working register pair only
@RRp (p = 0, 2, ..., 14)
Indirect register pair or indirect working
register pair
@RRp or @reg (reg = 0–254, even only, where
p = 0, 2, ..., 14)
Indexed addressing mode
#reg[Rn] (reg = 0–255, n = 0–15)
XS
Indexed (short offset) addressing mode
#addr[RRp] (addr = range –128 to +127, where
p = 0, 2, ..., 14)
xl
Indexed (long offset) addressing mode
#addr [RRp] (addr = range 0–8191, where
p = 0, 2, ..., 14)
da
Direct addressing mode
addr (addr = range 0–8191)
ra
Relative addressing mode
addr (addr = number in the range +127 to –128 that is
an offset relative to the address of the next instruction)
im
Immediate addressing mode
#data (data = 0–255)
RR
IRR
X
6-6
Description
S3C9228/P9228
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Table 6-5. Opcode Quick Reference
OPCODE MAP
LOWER NIBBLE (HEX)
–
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
U
0
DEC
R1
DEC
IR1
ADD
r1,r2
ADD
r1,Ir2
ADD
R2,R1
ADD
IR2,R1
ADD
R1,IM
P
1
RLC
R1
RLC
IR1
ADC
r1,r2
ADC
r1,Ir2
ADC
R2,R1
ADC
IR2,R1
ADC
R1,IM
P
2
INC
R1
INC
IR1
SUB
r1,r2
SUB
r1,Ir2
SUB
R2,R1
SUB
IR2,R1
SUB
R1,IM
E
3
JP
IRR1
SBC
r1,r2
SBC
r1,Ir2
SBC
R2,R1
SBC
IR2,R1
SBC
R1,IM
R
4
OR
r1,r2
OR
r1,Ir2
OR
R2,R1
OR
IR2,R1
OR
R1,IM
5
POP
R1
POP
IR1
AND
r1,r2
AND
r1,Ir2
AND
R2,R1
AND
IR2,R1
AND
R1,IM
N
6
COM
R1
COM
IR1
TCM
r1,r2
TCM
r1,Ir2
TCM
R2,R1
TCM
IR2,R1
TCM
R1,IM
I
7
PUSH
R2
PUSH
IR2
TM
r1,r2
TM
r1,Ir2
TM
R2,R1
TM
IR2,R1
TM
R1,IM
B
8
B
9
L
A
E
B
CLR
R1
CLR
IR1
C
RRC
R1
RRC
IR1
LDC
r1,Irr2
H
D
SRA
R1
SRA
IR1
LDC
r2,Irr1
E
E
RR
R1
RR
IR1
X
F
7
LD
r1, x, r2
RL
R1
RL
IR1
LD
r2, x, r1
CP
r1,r2
CP
r1,Ir2
CP
R2,R1
CP
IR2,R1
CP
R1,IM
LDC
r1, Irr2, xL
XOR
r1,r2
XOR
r1,Ir2
XOR
R2,R1
XOR
IR2,R1
XOR
R1,IM
LDC
r2, Irr2, xL
LDCD
r1,Irr2
LDCI
r1,Irr2
LD
r1, Ir2
LD
IR1,IM
LD
Ir1, r2
LD
R2,R1
LD
R2,IR1
LD
R1,IM
LDC
r1, Irr2, xs
CALL
IRR1
LD
IR2,R1
CALL
DA1
LDC
r2, Irr1, xs
6-7
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
S3C9228/P9228
Table 6-5. Opcode Quick Reference (Continued)
OPCODE MAP
LOWER NIBBLE (HEX)
–
8
9
U
0
LD
r1,R2
P
1
↓
P
2
E
3
R
4
A
B
C
D
E
LD
r2,R1
JR
cc,RA
LD
r1,IM
JP
cc,DA
INC
r1
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
F
5
N
6
I
7
B
8
DI
B
9
EI
L
A
RET
E
B
IRET
C
RCF
H
D
E
E
X
F
6-8
IDLE
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
STOP
SCF
CCF
LD
r1,R2
LD
r2,R1
JR
cc,RA
LD
r1,IM
JP
cc,DA
INC
r1
NOP
S3C9228/P9228
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
CONDITION CODES
The opcode of a conditional jump always contains a 4-bit field called the condition code (cc). This specifies under
which conditions it is to execute the jump. For example, a conditional jump with the condition code for "equal"
after a compare operation only jumps if the two operands are equal. Condition codes are listed in Table 6-6.
The carry (C), zero (Z), sign (S), and overflow (V) flags are used to control the operation of conditional jump
instructions.
Table 6-6. Condition Codes
Binary
Mnemonic
0000
F
Always false
–
T
Always true
–
C
Carry
C=1
No carry
C=0
Zero
Z=1
1000
0111
(1)
1111 (1)
NC
Description
Flags Set
0110
(1)
Z
1110
(1)
NZ
Not zero
Z=0
1101
PL
Plus
S=0
0101
MI
Minus
S=1
0100
OV
Overflow
V=1
1100
NOV
No overflow
V=0
0110
(1)
EQ
Equal
Z=1
1110
(1)
NE
Not equal
Z=0
1001
GE
Greater than or equal
(S XOR V) = 0
0001
LT
Less than
(S XOR V) = 1
1010
GT
Greater than
(Z OR (S XOR V)) = 0
0010
LE
Less than or equal
(Z OR (S XOR V)) = 1
(1)
UGE
Unsigned greater than or equal
C=0
0111 (1)
ULT
Unsigned less than
C=1
1011
UGT
Unsigned greater than
(C = 0 AND Z = 0) = 1
0011
ULE
Unsigned less than or equal
(C OR Z) = 1
1111
NOTES:
1. Indicate condition codes that are related to two different mnemonics but which test the same flag.
For example, Z and EQ are both true if the zero flag (Z) is set, but after an ADD instruction, Z would probably be used;
after a CP instruction, however, EQ would probably be used.
2. For operations involving unsigned numbers, the special condition codes UGE, ULT, UGT, and ULE must be used.
6-9
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
S3C9228/P9228
INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTIONS
This section contains detailed information and programming examples for each instruction in the SAM88RCRI
instruction set. Information is arranged in a consistent format for improved readability and for fast referencing.
The following information is included in each instruction description:
— Instruction name (mnemonic)
— Full instruction name
— Source/destination format of the instruction operand
— Shorthand notation of the instruction's operation
— Textual description of the instruction's effect
— Specific flag settings affected by the instruction
— Detailed description of the instruction's format, execution time, and addressing mode(s)
— Programming example(s) explaining how to use the instruction
6-10
S3C9228/P9228
ADC —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Add With Carry
ADC
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ dst + src + c
The source operand, along with the setting of the carry flag, is added to the destination operand
and the sum is stored in the destination. The contents of the source are unaffected. Two'scomplement addition is performed. In multiple precision arithmetic, this instruction permits the
carry from the addition of low-order operands to be carried into the addition of high-order
operands.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if there is a carry from the most significant bit of the result; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurs, that is, if both operands are of the same sign and the
result is of the opposite sign; cleared otherwise.
D: Always cleared to "0".
H: Set if there is a carry from the most significant bit of the low-order four bits of the result;
cleared otherwise.
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
12
r
r
6
13
r
lr
6
14
R
R
6
15
R
IR
6
16
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R1 = 10H, R2 = 03H, C flag = "1", register 01H = 20H, register 02H = 03H, and register
03H = 0AH:
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
R1,R2
R1,@R2
01H,02H
01H,@02H
01H,#11H
→
→
→
→
→
R1 = 14H, R2 = 03H
R1 = 1BH, R2 = 03H
Register 01H = 24H, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 2BH, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 32H
In the first example, destination register R1 contains the value 10H, the carry flag is set to "1",
and the source working register R2 contains the value 03H. The statement "ADC R1,R2" adds
03H and the carry flag value ("1") to the destination value 10H, leaving 14H in register R1.
6-11
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
ADD —
S3C9228/P9228
Add
ADD
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ dst + src
The source operand is added to the destination operand and the sum is stored in the destination.
The contents of the source are unaffected. Two's-complement addition is performed.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if there is a carry from the most significant bit of the result; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if both operands are of the same sign and the
result is of the opposite sign; cleared otherwise.
D: Always cleared to "0".
H: Set if a carry from the low-order nibble occurred.
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
02
r
r
6
03
r
lr
6
04
R
R
6
05
R
IR
6
06
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R1 = 12H, R2 = 03H, register 01H = 21H, register 02H = 03H, register 03H = 0AH:
ADD
ADD
ADD
ADD
ADD
R1,R2
R1,@R2
01H,02H
01H,@02H
01H,#25H
→
→
→
→
→
R1 = 15H, R2 = 03H
R1 = 1CH, R2 = 03H
Register 01H = 24H, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 2BH, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 46H
In the first example, destination working register R1 contains 12H and the source working register
R2 contains 03H. The statement "ADD R1,R2" adds 03H to 12H, leaving the value 15H in
register R1.
6-12
S3C9228/P9228
AND —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Logical AND
AND
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ dst AND src
The source operand is logically ANDed with the destination operand. The result is stored in the
destination. The AND operation results in a "1" bit being stored whenever the corresponding bits
in the two operands are both logic ones; otherwise a "0" bit value is stored. The contents of the
source are unaffected.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
D:
H:
Unaffected.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Always cleared to "0".
Unaffected.
Unaffected.
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
52
r
r
6
53
r
lr
6
54
R
R
6
55
R
IR
6
56
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R1 = 12H, R2 = 03H, register 01H = 21H, register 02H = 03H, register 03H = 0AH:
AND
AND
AND
AND
AND
R1,R2
R1,@R2
01H,02H
01H,@02H
01H,#25H
→
→
→
→
→
R1 = 02H, R2 = 03H
R1 = 02H, R2 = 03H
Register 01H = 01H, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 00H, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 21H
In the first example, destination working register R1 contains the value 12H and the source
working register R2 contains 03H. The statement "AND R1,R2" logically ANDs the source
operand 03H with the destination operand value 12H, leaving the value 02H in register R1.
6-13
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
S3C9228/P9228
CALL —
Call Procedure
CALL
dst
Operation:
SP
@SP
SP
@SP
PC
¨
¨
¨
¨
¨
SP – 1
PCL
SP –1
PCH
dst
The current contents of the program counter are pushed onto the top of the stack. The program
counter value used is the address of the first instruction following the CALL instruction. The
specified destination address is then loaded into the program counter and points to the first
instruction of a procedure. At the end of the procedure the return instruction (RET) can be used to
return to the original program flow. RET pops the top of the stack back into the program counter.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
opc
Examples:
dst
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
3
14
F6
DA
2
12
F4
IRR
Given: R0 = 15H, R1 = 21H, PC = 1A47H, and SP = 0B2H:
CALL
1521H
→
CALL
@RR0
→
SP = 0B0H
(Memory locations 00H = 1AH, 01H = 4AH, where 4AH
is the address that follows the instruction.)
SP = 0B0H (00H = 1AH, 01H = 49H)
In the first example, if the program counter value is 1A47H and the stack pointer contains the
value 0B2H, the statement "CALL 1521H" pushes the current PC value onto the top of the stack.
The stack pointer now points to memory location 00H. The PC is then loaded with the value
1521H, the address of the first instruction in the program sequence to be executed.
If the contents of the program counter and stack pointer are the same as in the first example, the
statement "CALL @RR0" produces the same result except that the 49H is stored in stack location
01H (because the two-byte instruction format was used). The PC is then loaded with the value
1521H, the address of the first instruction in the program sequence to be executed.
6-14
S3C9228/P9228
CCF —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Complement Carry Flag
CCF
Operation:
C ¨ NOT C
The carry flag (C) is complemented. If C = "1", the value of the carry flag is changed to logic
zero; if C = "0", the value of the carry flag is changed to logic one.
Flags:
C: Complemented.
No other flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
4
EF
Given: The carry flag = "0":
CCF
If the carry flag = "0", the CCF instruction complements it in the FLAGS register (0D5H), changing
its value from logic zero to logic one.
6-15
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
CLR —
S3C9228/P9228
Clear
CLR
dst
Operation:
dst ¨ "0"
The destination location is cleared to "0".
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
4
B0
R
4
B1
IR
Given: Register 00H = 4FH, register 01H = 02H, and register 02H = 5EH:
CLR
CLR
00H
@01H
→
→
Register 00H = 00H
Register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 00H
In Register (R) addressing mode, the statement "CLR 00H" clears the destination register 00H
value to 00H. In the second example, the statement "CLR @01H" uses Indirect Register (IR)
addressing mode to clear the 02H register value to 00H.
6-16
S3C9228/P9228
COM —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Complement
COM
dst
Operation:
dst ¨ NOT dst
The contents of the destination location are complemented (one's complement); all "1s" are
changed to "0s", and vice-versa.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
D:
H:
Unaffected.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Always reset to "0".
Unaffected.
Unaffected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
4
60
R
4
61
IR
Given: R1 = 07H and register 07H = 0F1H:
COM
COM
R1
@R1
→
→
R1 = 0F8H
R1 = 07H, register 07H = 0EH
In the first example, destination working register R1 contains the value 07H (00000111B). The
statement "COM R1" complements all the bits in R1: all logic ones are changed to logic zeros,
and vice-versa, leaving the value 0F8H (11111000B).
In the second example, Indirect Register (IR) addressing mode is used to complement the value
of destination register 07H (11110001B), leaving the new value 0EH (00001110B).
6-17
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
CP —
S3C9228/P9228
Compare
CP
dst,src
Operation:
dst – src
The source operand is compared to (subtracted from) the destination operand, and the
appropriate flags are set accordingly. The contents of both operands are unaffected by the
comparison.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if a "borrow" occurred (src > dst); cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the operands were of opposite signs and the
sign of the result is of the same as the sign of the source operand; cleared otherwise.
D: Unaffected.
H: Unaffected.
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
A2
r
r
6
A3
r
lr
6
A4
R
R
6
A5
R
IR
6
A6
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
1. Given: R1 = 02H and R2 = 03H:
CP
R1,R2
→
Set the C and S flags
Destination working register R1 contains the value 02H and source register R2 contains the value
03H. The statement "CP R1,R2" subtracts the R2 value (source/subtrahend) from the R1 value
(destination/minuend). Because a "borrow" occurs and the difference is negative, C and S are "1".
2. Given: R1 = 05H and R2 = 0AH:
SKIP
CP
JP
INC
LD
R1,R2
UGE,SKIP
R1
R3,R1
In this example, destination working register R1 contains the value 05H which is less than the
contents of the source working register R2 (0AH). The statement "CP R1,R2" generates C = "1"
and the JP instruction does not jump to the SKIP location. After the statement "LD R3,R1"
executes, the value 06H remains in working register R3.
6-18
S3C9228/P9228
DEC —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Decrement
DEC
dst
Operation:
dst ¨ dst – 1
The contents of the destination operand are decremented by one.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Unaffected.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, dst value is –128(80H) and result value is
+127(7FH); cleared otherwise.
D: Unaffected.
H: Unaffected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
4
00
R
4
01
IR
Given: R1 = 03H and register 03H = 10H:
DEC
DEC
R1
@R1
→
→
R1 = 02H
Register 03H = 0FH
In the first example, if working register R1 contains the value 03H, the statement "DEC R1"
decrements the hexadecimal value by one, leaving the value 02H. In the second example, the
statement "DEC @R1" decrements the value 10H contained in the destination register 03H by
one, leaving the value 0FH.
6-19
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
DI —
S3C9228/P9228
Disable Interrupts
DI
Operation:
SYM (2) ¨ 0
Bit zero of the system mode register, SYM.2, is cleared to "0", globally disabling all interrupt
processing. Interrupt requests will continue to set their respective interrupt pending bits, but the
CPU will not service them while interrupt processing is disabled.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
4
8F
Given: SYM = 04H:
DI
If the value of the SYM register is 04H, the statement "DI" leaves the new value 00H in the
register and clears SYM.2 to "0", disabling interrupt processing.
6-20
S3C9228/P9228
EI —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Enable Interrupts
EI
Operation:
SYM (2) ¨ 1
An EI instruction sets bit 2 of the system mode register, SYM.2 to "1". This allows interrupts to be
serviced as they occur. If an interrupt's pending bit was set while interrupt processing was
disabled (by executing a DI instruction), it will be serviced when you execute the EI instruction.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
4
9F
Given: SYM = 00H:
EI
If the SYM register contains the value 00H, that is, if interrupts are currently disabled, the
statement "EI" sets the SYM register to 04H, enabling all interrupts (SYM.2 is the enable bit for
global interrupt processing).
6-21
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
IDLE —
S3C9228/P9228
Idle Operation
IDLE
Operation:
The IDLE instruction stops the CPU clock while allowing system clock oscillation to continue. Idle
mode can be released by an interrupt request (IRQ) or an external reset operation.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
The instruction
IDLE
stops the CPU clock but not the system clock.
6-22
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
4
6F
Addr Mode
dst
src
–
–
S3C9228/P9228
INC —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Increment
INC
dst
Operation:
dst ¨ dst + 1
The contents of the destination operand are incremented by one.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Unaffected.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is dst value is +127(7FH) and result is –128(80H);
cleared otherwise.
D: Unaffected.
H: Unaffected.
Format:
dst | opc
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
1
4
rE
r
r = 0 to F
opc
Examples:
dst
2
4
20
R
4
21
IR
Given: R0 = 1BH, register 00H = 0CH, and register 1BH = 0FH:
INC
INC
INC
R0
00H
@R0
→
→
→
R0 = 1CH
Register 00H = 0DH
R0 = 1BH, register 01H = 10H
In the first example, if destination working register R0 contains the value 1BH, the statement "INC
R0" leaves the value 1CH in that same register.
The next example shows the effect an INC instruction has on register 00H, assuming that it
contains the value 0CH.
In the third example, INC is used in Indirect Register (IR) addressing mode to increment the value
of register 1BH from 0FH to 10H.
6-23
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
IRET —
S3C9228/P9228
Interrupt Return
IRET
IRET
Operation:
FLAGS ¨ @SP
SP ¨ SP + 1
PC ¨ @SP
SP ¨ SP + 2
SYM(2) ¨ 1
This instruction is used at the end of an interrupt service routine. It restores the flag register and
the program counter. It also re-enables global interrupts.
Flags:
All flags are restored to their original settings (that is, the settings before the interrupt occurred).
Format:
6-24
IRET
(Normal)
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
opc
1
6
BF
S3C9228/P9228
JP —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Jump
JP
cc,dst
(Conditional)
JP
dst
(Unconditional)
Operation:
If cc is true, PC ¨ dst
The conditional JUMP instruction transfers program control to the destination address if the
condition specified by the condition code (cc) is true; otherwise, the instruction following the JP
instruction is executed. The unconditional JP simply replaces the contents of the PC with the
contents of the specified register pair. Control then passes to the statement addressed by the PC.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format: (1)
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
3
8 (3)
ccD
DA
(2)
cc | opc
dst
cc = 0 to F
opc
dst
2
8
30
IRR
NOTES:
1. The 3-byte format is used for a conditional jump and the 2-byte format for an unconditional jump.
2. In the first byte of the three-byte instruction format (conditional jump), the condition code and the opcode are both four
bits.
Examples:
Given: The carry flag (C) = "1", register 00 = 01H, and register 01 = 20H:
JP
JP
C,LABEL_W →
@00H
→
LABEL_W = 1000H, PC = 1000H
PC = 0120H
The first example shows a conditional JP. Assuming that the carry flag is set to "1", the statement
"JP C,LABEL_W" replaces the contents of the PC with the value 1000H and transfers control to
that location. Had the carry flag not been set, control would then have passed to the statement
immediately following the JP instruction.
The second example shows an unconditional JP. The statement "JP @00" replaces the contents
of the PC with the contents of the register pair 00H and 01H, leaving the value 0120H.
6-25
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
JR —
S3C9228/P9228
Jump Relative
JR
cc,dst
Operation:
If cc is true, PC ¨ PC + dst
If the condition specified by the condition code (cc) is true, the relative address is added to the
program counter and control passes to the statement whose address is now in the program
counter; otherwise, the instruction following the JR instruction is executed (See list of condition
codes).
The range of the relative address is +127, –128, and the original value of the program counter is
taken to be the address of the first instruction byte following the JR statement.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
6 (2)
ccB
RA
(1)
cc | opc
dst
cc = 0 to F
NOTE: In the first byte of the two-byte instruction format, the condition code and the opcode are each four
bits.
Example:
Given: The carry flag = "1" and LABEL_X = 1FF7H:
JR
C,LABEL_X
→
PC = 1FF7H
If the carry flag is set (that is, if the condition code is true), the statement "JR C,LABEL_X" will
pass control to the statement whose address is now in the PC. Otherwise, the program instruction
following the JR would be executed.
6-26
S3C9228/P9228
LD —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Load
LD
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ src
The contents of the source are loaded into the destination. The source's contents are unaffected.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
dst | opc
src | opc
src
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
rC
r
IM
4
r8
r
R
4
r9
R
r
2
Addr Mode
dst
src
r = 0 to F
opc
opc
opc
dst | src
src
dst
2
dst
src
3
3
4
C7
r
lr
4
D7
Ir
r
6
E4
R
R
6
E5
R
IR
6
E6
R
IM
6
D6
IR
IM
opc
src
dst
3
6
F5
IR
R
opc
dst | src
x
3
6
87
r
x [r]
opc
src | dst
x
3
6
97
x [r]
r
6-27
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
LD —
S3C9228/P9228
Load
LD
(Continued)
Examples:
Given: R0 = 01H, R1 = 0AH, register 00H = 01H, register 01H = 20H,
register 02H = 02H, LOOP = 30H, and register 3AH = 0FFH:
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
LD
6-28
R0,#10H
→
R0,01H
→
01H,R0
→
R1,@R0
→
@R0,R1
→
00H,01H
→
02H,@00H
→
00H,#0AH
→
@00H,#10H →
@00H,02H
→
R0,#LOOP[R1]→
#LOOP[R0],R1→
R0 = 10H
R0 = 20H, register 01H = 20H
Register 01H = 01H, R0 = 01H
R1 = 20H, R0 = 01H
R0 = 01H, R1 = 0AH, register 01H = 0AH
Register 00H = 20H, register 01H = 20H
Register 02H = 20H, register 00H = 01H
Register 00H = 0AH
Register 00H = 01H, register 01H = 10H
Register 00H = 01H, register 01H = 02, register 02H = 02H
R0 = 0FFH, R1 = 0AH
Register 31H = 0AH, R0 = 01H, R1 = 0AH
S3C9228/P9228
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
LDC/LDE —
Load Memory
LDC/LDE
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ src
This instruction loads a byte from program or data memory into a working register or vice-versa.
The source values are unaffected. LDC refers to program memory and LDE to data memory. The
assembler makes 'Irr' or 'rr' values an even number for program memory and an odd number for
data memory.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
src
1.
opc
dst | src
2
10
C3
r
Irr
2.
opc
src | dst
2
10
D3
Irr
r
3.
opc
dst | src
XS
3
12
E7
r
XS [rr]
4.
opc
src | dst
XS
3
12
F7
XS [rr]
r
5.
opc
dst | src
XLL
XLH
4
14
A7
r
XL [rr]
6.
opc
src | dst
XLL
XLH
4
14
B7
XL [rr]
r
7.
opc
dst | 0000
DAL
DAH
4
14
A7
r
DA
8.
opc
src | 0000
DAL
DAH
4
14
B7
DA
r
9.
opc
dst | 0001
DAL
DAH
4
14
A7
r
DA
10.
opc
src | 0001
DAL
DAH
4
14
B7
DA
r
NOTES:
1. The source (src) or working register pair [rr] for formats 5 and 6 cannot use register pair 0–1.
2. For formats 3 and 4, the destination address 'XS [rr]' and the source address 'XS [rr]' are each one byte.
3. For formats 5 and 6, the destination address 'XL [rr] and the source address 'XL [rr]' are each two bytes.
4. The DA and r source values for formats 7 and 8 are used to address program memory; the second set of values, used in
formats 9 and 10, are used to address data memory.
6-29
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
LDC/LDE —
S3C9228/P9228
Load Memory
LDC/LDE
(Continued)
Examples:
Given: R0 = 11H, R1 = 34H, R2 = 01H, R3 = 04H, R4 = 00H, R5 = 60H; Program memory
locations 0061 = AAH, 0103H = 4FH, 0104H = 1A, 0105H = 6DH, and 1104H = 88H. External
data memory locations 0061H = BBH, 0103H = 5FH, 0104H = 2AH, 0105H = 7DH, and
1104H = 98H:
LDC
R0,@RR2
LDE
R0,@RR2
LDC *
@RR2,R0
LDE
@RR2,R0
LDC
R0,#01H[RR4]
LDE
R0,#01H[RR4]
LDC (note)
#01H[RR4],R0
LDE
#01H[RR4],R0
LDC
R0,#1000H[RR2]
LDE
R0,#1000H[RR2]
LDC
R0,1104H
LDE
R0,1104H
LDC (note)
1105H,R0
LDE
1105H,R0
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
R0 ¨ contents of program memory location 0104H
R0 = 1AH, R2 = 01H, R3 = 04H
R0 ¨ contents of external data memory location 0104H
R0 = 2AH, R2 = 01H, R3 = 04H
11H (contents of R0) is loaded into program memory
location 0104H (RR2),
working registers R0, R2, R3 Æ no change
11H (contents of R0) is loaded into external data memory
location 0104H (RR2),
working registers R0, R2, R3 Æ no change
R0 ¨ contents of program memory location 0061H
(01H + RR4),
R0 = AAH, R2 = 00H, R3 = 60H
R0 ¨ contents of external data memory location 0061H
(01H + RR4), R0 = BBH, R4 = 00H, R5 = 60H
11H (contents of R0) is loaded into program memory
location 0061H (01H + 0060H)
11H (contents of R0) is loaded into external data memory
location 0061H (01H + 0060H)
R0 ¨ contents of program memory location 1104H
(1000H + 0104H), R0 = 88H, R2 = 01H, R3 = 04H
R0 ¨ contents of external data memory location 1104H
(1000H + 0104H), R0 = 98H, R2 = 01H, R3 = 04H
R0 ¨ contents of program memory location 1104H,
R0 = 88H
R0 ¨ contents of external data memory location 1104H,
R0 = 98H
11H (contents of R0) is loaded into program memory
location 1105H, (1105H) ¨ 11H
11H (contents of R0) is loaded into external data memory
location 1105H, (1105H) ¨ 11H
NOTE: These instructions are not supported by masked ROM type devices.
6-30
S3C9228/P9228
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
LDCD/LDED —
LDCD/LDED
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ src
Load Memory and Decrement
rr ¨ rr – 1
These instructions are used for user stacks or block transfers of data from program or data
memory to the register file. The address of the memory location is specified by a working register
pair. The contents of the source location are loaded into the destination location. The memory
address is then decremented. The contents of the source are unaffected.
LDCD references program memory and LDED references external data memory. The assembler
makes ‘Irr’ an even number for program memory and an odd number for data memory.
Flags: No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst | src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
10
E2
Addr Mode
dst
src
r
Irr
Given: R6 = 10H, R7 = 33H, R8 = 12H, program memory location 1033H = 0CDH, and
external data memory location 1033H = 0DDH:
LDCD
LDED
R8,@RR6
R8,@RR6
;
;
;
;
;
;
0CDH (contents of program memory location 1033H) is
loaded into R8 and RR6 is decremented by one
R8 = 0CDH, R6 = 10H, R7 = 32H (RR6 ← RR6 - 1)
0DDH (contents of data memory location 1033H) is
loaded into R8 and RR6 is decremented by one
(RR6 ← RR6 - 1) R8 = 0DDH, R6 = 10H, R7 = 32H
6-31
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
LDCI/LDEI —
S3C9228/P9228
Load Memory and Increment
LDCI/LDEI
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ src
rr ¨ rr + 1
These instructions are used for user stacks or block transfers of data from program or data
memory to the register file. The address of the memory location is specified by a working register
pair. The contents of the source location are loaded into the destination location. The memory
address is then incremented automatically. The contents of the source are unaffected.
LDCI refers to program memory and LDEI refers to external data memory. The assembler makes
'Irr' even for program memory and odd for data memory.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
6-32
dst | src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
10
E3
Addr Mode
dst
src
r
Irr
Given: R6 = 10H, R7 = 33H, R8 = 12H, program memory locations 1033H = 0CDH and
1034H = 0C5H; external data memory locations 1033H = 0DDH and 1034H = 0D5H:
LDCI
R8,@RR6
LDEI
R8,@RR6
;
;
;
;
;
;
0CDH (contents of program memory location 1033H) is
loaded into R8 and RR6 is incremented by one
(RR6 ¨ RR6 + 1) R8 = 0CDH, R6 = 10H, R7 = 34H
0DDH (contents of data memory location 1033H) is
loaded into R8 and RR6 is incremented by one
(RR6 ¨ RR6 + 1) R8 = 0DDH, R6 = 10H, R7 = 34H
S3C9228/P9228
NOP —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
No Operation
NOP
Operation:
No action is performed when the CPU executes this instruction. Typically, one or more NOPs are
executed in sequence in order to effect a timing delay of variable duration.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
4
FF
When the instruction
NOP
is encountered in a program, no operation occurs. Instead, there is a delay in instruction
execution time.
6-33
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
OR —
S3C9228/P9228
Logical OR
OR
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ dst OR src
The source operand is logically ORed with the destination operand and the result is stored in the
destination. The contents of the source are unaffected. The OR operation results in a "1" being
stored whenever either of the corresponding bits in the two operands is a "1"; otherwise a "0" is
stored.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
D:
H:
Unaffected.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Always cleared to "0".
Unaffected.
Unaffected.
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
42
r
r
6
43
r
lr
6
44
R
R
6
45
R
IR
6
46
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R0 = 15H, R1 = 2AH, R2 = 01H, register 00H = 08H, register 01H = 37H, and register
08H = 8AH:
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
R0,R1
R0,@R2
00H,01H
01H,@00H
00H,#02H
→
→
→
→
→
R0 = 3FH, R1 = 2AH
R0 = 37H, R2 = 01H, register 01H = 37H
Register 00H = 3FH, register 01H = 37H
Register 00H = 08H, register 01H = 0BFH
Register 00H = 0AH
In the first example, if working register R0 contains the value 15H and register R1 the value 2AH,
the statement "OR R0,R1" logical-ORs the R0 and R1 register contents and stores the result
(3FH) in destination register R0.
The other examples show the use of the logical OR instruction with the various addressing modes
and formats.
6-34
S3C9228/P9228
POP —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Pop From Stack
POP
dst
Operation:
dst ¨ @SP
SP ¨ SP + 1
The contents of the location addressed by the stack pointer are loaded into the destination. The
stack pointer is then incremented by one.
Flags: No flags affected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
8
50
R
8
51
IR
Given: Register 00H = 01H, register 01H = 1BH, SP (0D9H) = 0BBH, and stack register
0BBH = 55H:
POP
POP
00H
@00H
→
→
Register 00H = 55H, SP = 0BCH
Register 00H = 01H, register 01H = 55H, SP = 0BCH
In the first example, general register 00H contains the value 01H. The statement "POP 00H"
loads the contents of location 0BBH (55H) into destination register 00H and then increments the
stack pointer by one. Register 00H then contains the value 55H and the SP points to location
0BCH.
6-35
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
S3C9228/P9228
PUSH —
Push To Stack
PUSH
src
Operation:
SP ¨ SP – 1
@SP ¨ src
A PUSH instruction decrements the stack pointer value and loads the contents of the source (src)
into the location addressed by the decremented stack pointer. The operation then adds the new
value to the top of the stack.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
8
70
R
8
71
IR
Given: Register 40H = 4FH, register 4FH = 0AAH, SP = 0C0H:
PUSH
40H
→
PUSH
@40H
→
Register 40H = 4FH, stack register 0BFH = 4FH,
SP = 0BFH
Register 40H = 4FH, register 4FH = 0AAH, stack register
0BFH = 0AAH, SP = 0BFH
In the first example, if the stack pointer contains the value 0C0H, and general register 40H the
value 4FH, the statement "PUSH 40H" decrements the stack pointer from 0C0 to 0BFH. It then
loads the contents of register 40H into location 0BFH. Register 0BFH then contains the value 4FH
and SP points to location 0BFH.
6-36
S3C9228/P9228
RCF —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Reset Carry Flag
RCF
RCF
Operation:
C ¨ 0
The carry flag is cleared to logic zero, regardless of its previous value.
Flags:
C: Cleared to "0".
No other flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
4
CF
Given: C = "1" or "0":
The instruction RCF clears the carry flag (C) to logic zero.
6-37
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
RET —
S3C9228/P9228
Return
RET
Operation:
PC ¨ @SP
SP ¨ SP + 2
The RET instruction is normally used to return to the previously executing procedure at the end of
a procedure entered by a CALL instruction. The contents of the location addressed by the stack
pointer are popped into the program counter. The next statement that is executed is the one that
is addressed by the new program counter value.
Flags:
No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
8
AF
Given: SP = 0BCH, (SP) = 101AH, and PC = 1234:
RET
→
PC = 101AH, SP = 0BEH
The statement "RET" pops the contents of stack pointer location 0BCH (10H) into the high byte of
the program counter. The stack pointer then pops the value in location 0BDH (1AH) into the PC's
low byte and the instruction at location 101AH is executed. The stack pointer now points to
memory location 0BEH.
6-38
S3C9228/P9228
RL —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Rotate Left
RL
dst
Operation:
C ¨ dst (7)
dst (0) ¨ dst (7)
dst (n + 1) ¨ dst (n), n = 0–6
The contents of the destination operand are rotated left one bit position. The initial value of bit 7 is
moved to the bit zero (LSB) position and also replaces the carry flag.
7
0
C
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if the bit rotated from the most significant bit position (bit 7) was "1".
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the sign of the destination changed during
rotation; cleared otherwise.
D: Unaffected.
H: Unaffected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
4
90
R
4
91
IR
Given: Register 00H = 0AAH, register 01H = 02H and register 02H = 17H:
RL
RL
00H
@01H
→
→
Register 00H = 55H, C = "1"
Register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 2EH, C = "0"
In the first example, if general register 00H contains the value 0AAH (10101010B), the statement
"RL 00H" rotates the 0AAH value left one bit position, leaving the new value 55H (01010101B)
and setting the carry and overflow flags.
6-39
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
RLC —
S3C9228/P9228
Rotate Left Through Carry
RLC
dst
Operation:
dst (0) ¨ C
C ¨ dst (7)
dst (n + 1) ¨ dst (n), n = 0–6
The contents of the destination operand with the carry flag are rotated left one bit position. The
initial value of bit 7 replaces the carry flag (C); the initial value of the carry flag replaces bit zero.
7
0
C
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if the bit rotated from the most significant bit position (bit 7) was "1".
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the sign of the destination changed during
rotation; cleared otherwise.
D: Unaffected.
H: Unaffected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
4
10
R
4
11
IR
Given: Register 00H = 0AAH, register 01H = 02H, and register 02H = 17H, C = "0":
RLC
RLC
00H
@01H
→
→
Register 00H = 54H, C = "1"
Register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 2EH, C = "0"
In the first example, if general register 00H has the value 0AAH (10101010B), the statement "RLC
00H" rotates 0AAH one bit position to the left. The initial value of bit 7 sets the carry flag and the
initial value of the C flag replaces bit zero of register 00H, leaving the value 55H (01010101B).
The MSB of register 00H resets the carry flag to "1" and sets the overflow flag.
6-40
S3C9228/P9228
RR
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
— Rotate Right
RR
dst
Operation:
C ¨ dst (0)
dst (7) ¨ dst (0)
dst (n) ¨ dst (n + 1), n = 0–6
The contents of the destination operand are rotated right one bit position. The initial value of bit
zero (LSB) is moved to bit 7 (MSB) and also replaces the carry flag (C).
7
0
C
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if the bit rotated from the least significant bit position (bit zero) was "1".
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the sign of the destination changed during
rotation; cleared otherwise.
D: Unaffected.
H: Unaffected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
4
E0
R
4
E1
IR
Given: Register 00H = 31H, register 01H = 02H, and register 02H = 17H:
RR
RR
00H
@01H
→
→
Register 00H = 98H, C = "1"
Register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 8BH, C = "1"
In the first example, if general register 00H contains the value 31H (00110001B), the statement
"RR 00H" rotates this value one bit position to the right. The initial value of bit zero is moved to
bit 7, leaving the new value 98H (10011000B) in the destination register. The initial bit zero also
resets the C flag to "1" and the sign flag and overflow flag are also set to "1".
6-41
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
RRC —
S3C9228/P9228
Rotate Right Through Carry
RRC
dst
Operation:
dst (7) ¨ C
C ¨ dst (0)
dst (n) ¨ dst (n + 1), n = 0–6
The contents of the destination operand and the carry flag are rotated right one bit position. The
initial value of bit zero (LSB) replaces the carry flag; the initial value of the carry flag replaces bit
7 (MSB).
7
0
C
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if the bit rotated from the least significant bit position (bit zero) was "1".
Set if the result is "0" cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the sign of the destination changed during
rotation; cleared otherwise.
D: Unaffected.
H: Unaffected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
4
C0
R
4
C1
IR
Given: Register 00H = 55H, register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 17H, and C = "0":
RRC
RRC
00H
@01H
→
→
Register 00H = 2AH, C = "1"
Register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 0BH, C = "1"
In the first example, if general register 00H contains the value 55H (01010101B), the statement
"RRC 00H" rotates this value one bit position to the right. The initial value of bit zero ("1")
replaces the carry flag and the initial value of the C flag ("1") replaces bit 7. This leaves the new
value 2AH (00101010B) in destination register 00H. The sign flag and overflow flag are both
cleared to "0".
6-42
S3C9228/P9228
SBC —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Subtract With Carry
SBC
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ dst – src – c
The source operand, along with the current value of the carry flag, is subtracted from the
destination operand and the result is stored in the destination. The contents of the source are
unaffected. Subtraction is performed by adding the two's-complement of the source operand to
the destination operand. In multiple precision arithmetic, this instruction permits the carry
("borrow") from the subtraction of the low-order operands to be subtracted from the subtraction of
high-order operands.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if a borrow occurred (src > dst); cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the operands were of opposite sign and the sign
f the result is the same as the sign of the source; cleared otherwise.
D: Always set to "1".
H: Cleared if there is a carry from the most significant bit of the low-order four bits of the result;
set otherwise, indicating a "borrow".
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
32
r
r
6
33
r
lr
6
34
R
R
6
35
R
IR
6
36
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R1 = 10H, R2 = 03H, C = "1", register 01H = 20H, register 02H = 03H, and register
03H = 0AH:
SBC
SBC
SBC
SBC
SBC
R1,R2
R1,@R2
01H,02H
01H,@02H
01H,#8AH
→
→
→
→
→
R1 = 0CH, R2 = 03H
R1 = 05H, R2 = 03H, register 03H = 0AH
Register 01H = 1CH, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 15H,register 02H = 03H, register 03H = 0AH
Register 01H = 95H; C, S, and V = "1"
In the first example, if working register R1 contains the value 10H and register R2 the value 03H,
the statement "SBC R1,R2" subtracts the source value (03H) and the C flag value ("1") from the
destination (10H) and then stores the result (0CH) in register R1.
6-43
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
SCF —
S3C9228/P9228
Set Carry Flag
SCF
Operation:
C ¨ 1
The carry flag (C) is set to logic one, regardless of its previous value.
Flags:
C: Set to "1".
No other flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
The statement
SCF
sets the carry flag to logic one.
6-44
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
4
DF
S3C9228/P9228
SRA —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Shift Right Arithmetic
SRA
dst
Operation:
dst (7) ¨ dst (7)
C ¨ dst (0)
dst (n) ¨ dst (n + 1), n = 0–6
An arithmetic shift-right of one bit position is performed on the destination operand. Bit zero (the
LSB) replaces the carry flag. The value of bit 7 (the sign bit) is unchanged and is shifted into bit
position 6.
7
6
0
C
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
D:
H:
Set if the bit shifted from the LSB position (bit zero) was "1".
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Always cleared to "0".
Unaffected.
Unaffected.
Format:
opc
Examples:
dst
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
Addr Mode
dst
2
4
D0
R
4
D1
IR
Given: Register 00H = 9AH, register 02H = 03H, register 03H = 0BCH, and C = "1":
SRA
SRA
00H
@02H
→
→
Register 00H = 0CD, C = "0"
Register 02H = 03H, register 03H = 0DEH, C = "0"
In the first example, if general register 00H contains the value 9AH (10011010B), the statement
"SRA 00H" shifts the bit values in register 00H right one bit position. Bit zero ("0") clears the C
flag and bit 7 ("1") is then shifted into the bit 6 position (bit 7 remains unchanged). This leaves the
value 0CDH (11001101B) in destination register 00H.
6-45
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
STOP —
S3C9228/P9228
Stop Operation
STOP
Operation:
The STOP instruction stops both the CPU clock and system clock and causes the microcontroller
to enter Stop mode. During Stop mode, the contents of on-chip CPU registers, peripheral
registers, and I/O port control and data registers are retained. Stop mode can be released by an
external reset operation or External interrupt input. For the reset operation, the RESET pin must
be held to Low level until the required oscillation stabilization interval has elapsed.
Flags: No flags are affected.
Format:
opc
Example:
The statement
STOP
halts all microcontroller operations.
6-46
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
1
4
7F
Addr Mode
dst
src
–
–
S3C9228/P9228
SUB —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Subtract
SUB
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ dst – src
The source operand is subtracted from the destination operand and the result is stored in the
destination. The contents of the source are unaffected. Subtraction is performed by adding the
two's complement of the source operand to the destination operand.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
Set if a "borrow" occurred; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the operands were of opposite signs and the sign
of the result is of the same as the sign of the source operand; cleared otherwise.
D: Always set to "1".
H: Cleared if there is a carry from the most significant bit of the low-order four bits of the result;
set otherwise indicating a "borrow".
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
22
r
r
6
23
r
lr
6
24
R
R
6
25
R
IR
6
26
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R1 = 12H, R2 = 03H, register 01H = 21H, register 02H = 03H, register 03H = 0AH:
SUB
SUB
SUB
SUB
SUB
SUB
R1,R2
R1,@R2
01H,02H
01H,@02H
01H,#90H
01H,#65H
→
→
→
→
→
→
R1 = 0FH, R2 = 03H
R1 = 08H, R2 = 03H
Register 01H = 1EH, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 17H, register 02H = 03H
Register 01H = 91H; C, S, and V = "1"
Register 01H = 0BCH; C and S = "1", V = "0"
In the first example, if working register R1 contains the value 12H and if register R2 contains the
value 03H, the statement "SUB R1,R2" subtracts the source value (03H) from the destination
value (12H) and stores the result (0FH) in destination register R1.
6-47
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
TCM —
S3C9228/P9228
Test Complement Under Mask
TCM
dst,src
Operation:
(NOT dst) AND src
This instruction tests selected bits in the destination operand for a logic one value. The bits to be
tested are specified by setting a "1" bit in the corresponding position of the source operand
(mask). The TCM statement complements the destination operand, which is then ANDed with the
source mask. The zero (Z) flag can then be checked to determine the result. The destination and
source operands are unaffected.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
D:
H:
Unaffected.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Always cleared to "0".
Unaffected.
Unaffected.
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
62
r
r
6
63
r
lr
6
64
R
R
6
65
R
IR
6
66
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, R2 = 12H, register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H, and register
02H = 23H:
TCM
TCM
TCM
TCM
R0,R1
R0,@R1
00H,01H
00H,@01H
→
→
→
→
TCM
00H,#34
→
R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, Z = "1"
R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, register 02H = 23H, Z = "0"
Register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H, Z = "1"
Register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H,
register 02H = 23H, Z = "1"
Register 00H = 2BH, Z = "0"
In the first example, if working register R0 contains the value 0C7H (11000111B) and register R1
the value 02H (00000010B), the statement "TCM R0,R1" tests bit one in the destination register
for a "1" value. Because the mask value corresponds to the test bit, the Z flag is set to logic one
and can be tested to determine the result of the TCM operation.
6-48
S3C9228/P9228
TM —
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
Test Under Mask
TM
dst,src
Operation:
dst AND src
This instruction tests selected bits in the destination operand for a logic zero value. The bits to be
tested are specified by setting a "1" bit in the corresponding position of the source operand
(mask), which is ANDed with the destination operand. The zero (Z) flag can then be checked to
determine the result. The destination and source operands are unaffected.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
D:
H:
Unaffected.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Always reset to "0".
Unaffected.
Unaffected.
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
72
r
r
6
73
r
lr
6
74
R
R
6
75
R
IR
6
76
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, R2 = 18H, register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H, and register
02H = 23H:
TM
TM
TM
TM
R0,R1
R0,@R1
00H,01H
00H,@01H
→
→
→
→
TM
00H,#54H
→
R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, Z = "0"
R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, register 02H = 23H, Z = "0"
Register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H, Z = "0"
Register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H,
register 02H = 23H, Z = "0"
Register 00H = 2BH, Z = "1"
In the first example, if working register R0 contains the value 0C7H (11000111B) and register R1
the value 02H (00000010B), the statement "TM R0,R1" tests bit one in the destination register for
a "0" value. Because the mask value does not match the test bit, the Z flag is cleared to logic zero
and can be tested to determine the result of the TM operation.
6-49
SAM88RI INSTRUCTION SET
S3C9228/P9228
XOR — Logical Exclusive OR
XOR
dst,src
Operation:
dst ¨ dst XOR src
The source operand is logically exclusive-ORed with the destination operand and the result is
stored in the destination. The exclusive-OR operation results in a "1" bit being stored whenever
the corresponding bits in the operands are different; otherwise, a "0" bit is stored.
Flags:
C:
Z:
S:
V:
D:
H:
Unaffected.
Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
Always reset to "0".
Unaffected.
Unaffected.
Format:
opc
opc
opc
Examples:
dst | src
src
dst
dst
src
Bytes
Cycles
Opcode
(Hex)
2
4
B2
r
r
6
B3
r
lr
6
B4
R
R
6
B5
R
IR
6
B6
R
IM
3
3
Addr Mode
dst
src
Given: R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, R2 = 18H, register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H, and register
02H = 23H:
XOR
XOR
XOR
XOR
R0,R1
R0,@R1
00H,01H
00H,@01H
→
→
→
→
XOR
00H,#54H
→
R0 = 0C5H, R1 = 02H
R0 = 0E4H, R1 = 02H, register 02H = 23H
Register 00H = 29H, register 01H = 02H
Register 00H = 08H, register 01H = 02H,
register 02H = 23H
Register 00H = 7FH
In the first example, if working register R0 contains the value 0C7H and if register R1 contains the
value 02H, the statement "XOR R0,R1" logically exclusive-ORs the R1 value with the R0 value
and stores the result (0C5H) in the destination register R0.
6-50
S3C9228/P9228
7
CLOCK CIRCUITS
CLOCK CIRCUITS
OVERVIEW
The S3C9228 microcontroller has two oscillator circuits: a main clock, and a sub clock circuit. The CPU and
peripheral hardware operate on the system clock frequency supplied through these circuits. The maximum CPU
clock frequency, is determined by CLKCON register settings.
SYSTEM CLOCK CIRCUIT
The system clock circuit has the following components:
— Crystal, ceramic resonator, RC oscillation source (main clock only), or an external clock
— Oscillator stop and wake-up functions
— Programmable frequency divider for the CPU clock (fxx divided by 1, 2, 8, or 16)
— Clock circuit control register, CLKCON
— Oscillator control register, OSCCON
CPU CLOCK NOTATION
In this document, the following notation is used for descriptions of the CPU clock:
fx main clock
fxt sub clock
fxx selected system clock
7-1
CLOCK CIRCUITS
S3C9228/P9228
SUB OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS
MAIN OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS
XIN
XTIN
XOUT
XTOUT
32.768 kHz
Figure 7-1. Crystal/Ceramic Oscillator
XIN
Figure 7-4. Crystal/Ceramic Oscillator
XTIN
XOUT
XTOUT
Figure 7-2. External Oscillator
XIN
R
XOUT
Figure 7-3. RC Oscillator
7-2
Figure 7-5. External Oscillator
S3C9228/P9228
CLOCK CIRCUITS
CLOCK STATUS DURING POWER-DOWN MODES
The two power-down modes, Stop mode and Idle mode, affect the system clock as follows:
— In Stop mode, the main oscillator is halted. Stop mode is released, and the oscillator started, by a reset
operation, by an external interrupt, or by an internal interrupt if sub clock is selected as the clock source
(When the fx is selected as system clock).
— In Idle mode, the internal clock signal is gated away from the CPU, but continues to be supplied to the
interrupt structure, timer A/B, and watch timer. Idle mode is released by a reset or by an external or
internal interrupts.
Stop Release
INT
Main-System
Oscillator
Circuit
fX
fXT
Sub-system
Oscillator
Circuit
Watch Timer
LCD Controller
Selector 1
fXX
Stop
OSCCON.3
Stop
OSCCON.0
Frequency
Dividing
Circuit
STPCON
1/1
CLKCON.4-.3
Basic Timer
Timer/Counters
Watch Timer
1/8-1/4096
STOP OSC
inst.
1/2
1/8
OSCCON.2
LCD Controller
SIO
1/16
A/D Converter
Selector 2
CPU
Figure 7-6. System Clock Circuit Diagram
7-3
CLOCK CIRCUITS
S3C9228/P9228
SYSTEM CLOCK CONTROL REGISTER (CLKCON)
The system clock control register, CLKCON, is located in address D4H. It is read/write addressable and has the
following functions:
— Oscillator IRQ wake-up function enable/disable
— Oscillator frequency divide-by value
CLKCON register settings control whether or not an external interrupt can be used to trigger a Stop mode release
(This is called the “IRQ wake-up” function). The IRQ “wake-up” enable bit is CLKCON.7.
After a reset, the external interrupt oscillator wake-up function is enabled, the main oscillator is activated, and the
fx/16 (the slowest clock speed) is selected as the CPU clock. If necessary, you can then increase the CPU clock
speed to fx, fx/2, or fx/8 by setting the CLKCON, and you can change system clock from main clock to sub clock
by setting the OSCCON.
System Clock Control Register (CLKCON)
D4H, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
Oscillator IRQ wake-up enable bit:
0 = Enable IRQ for main oscillator
wake-up function in power down
mode
1 = Disable IRQ for main oscillator
wake-up function in power down
mode
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
Not used for S3C92228 (must keep always "0")
Divide-by selection bits for
CPU clock frequency:
00 = fxx/16
01 = fxx/8
10 = fXx/2
11 = fxx
Not used for S3C9228 (must keep always "0")
Figure 7-7. System Clock Control Register (CLKCON)
7-4
S3C9228/P9228
CLOCK CIRCUITS
OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER (OSCCON)
The oscillator control register, OSCCON, is located in address D3H. It is read/write addressable and has the
following functions:
— System clock selection
— Main oscillator control
— Sub oscillator control
OSCCON.0 register settings select Main clock or Sub clock as system clock.
After a reset, Main clock is selected for system clock because the reset value of OSCCON.0 is "0".
The main oscillator can be stopped or run by setting OSCCON.3.
The sub oscillator can be stopped or run by setting OSCCON.2.
Oscillator Control Register (OSCCON)
D3H, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
System clock selection bit:
0 = Main oscillator select
1 = Sub oscillator select
Not used for S3C9228
Not used for S3C9228
Sub oscillator control bit:
0 = Sub oscillator RUN
1 = Sub oscillator STOP
Main oscillator control bit:
0 = Main oscillator RUN
1 = Main oscillator STOP
Figure 7-8. Oscillator Control Register (OSCCON)
7-5
CLOCK CIRCUITS
S3C9228/P9228
SWITCHING THE CPU CLOCK
Data loadings in the oscillator control register, OSCCON, determine whether a main or a sub clock is selected as
the CPU clock, and also how this frequency is to be divided by setting CLKCON. This makes it possible to switch
dynamically between main and sub clocks and to modify operating frequencies.
OSCCON.0 select the main clock (fx) or the sub clock (fxt) for the system clock. OSCCON .3 start or stop main
clock oscillation, and OSCCON.2 start or stop sub clock oscillation. CLKCON.4–.3 control the frequency divider
circuit, and divide the selected fxx clock by 1, 2, 8, or 16.
For example, you are using the default system clock (normal operating mode and a main clock of fx/16) and you
want to switch from the fx clock to a sub clock and to stop the main clock. To do this, you need to set OSCCON.0
to "1", take a delay, and OSCCON.3 to "1" sequently. This switches the clock from fx to fxt and stops main clock
oscillation.
The following steps must be taken to switch from a sub clock to the main clock: first, set OSCCON.3 to "0" to
enable main system clock oscillation. Then, after a certain number of machine cycles has elapsed, select the
main clock by setting OSCCON.0 to "0".
+PROGRAMMING TIP — Switching the CPU clock
1. This example shows how to change from the main clock to the sub clock:
MA2SUB
OR
CALL
OR
RET
OSCCON,#01H
DLY16
OSCCON,#08H
; Switches to the sub clock
; Delay 16ms
; Stop the main clock oscillation
2. This example shows how to change from sub clock to main clock:
SUB2MA
DLY16
DEL
7-6
AND
CALL
AND
RET
LD
NOP
DEC
JR
RET
OSCCON,#0F7H
DLY16
OSCCON,#0FEH
R0,#20H
R0
NZ,DEL
; Start the main clock oscillation
; Delay 16 ms
; Switch to the main clock
S3C9228/P9228
CLOCK CIRCUITS
STOP CONTROL REGISTER (STPCON)
The STOP control register, STPCON, is located in address E0H. It is read/write addressable and has the
following functions:
— Enable/Disable STOP instruction
After a reset, the STOP instruction is disabled, because the value of STPCON is "other values".
If necessary, you can use the STOP instruction by setting the value of STPCON to "10100101B".
Stop Control Register (STPCON)
E0H, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
STOP control bits:
10100101 = Enable STOP instruction
Other values = Disable STOP instruction
Figure 7-9. STOP Control Register (STPCON)
+PROGRAMMING TIP — How to Use Stop Instruction
This example shows how to go STOP mode when a main clock is selected as the system clock.
LD
STOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
LD
STOPCON,#1010010B
STOPCON,#00000000B
; Enable STOP instruction
; Enter STOP mode
; Release STOP mode
; Disable STOP instruction
7-7
CLOCK CIRCUITS
S3C9228/P9228
NOTES
7-8
RESET and POWER-DOWN
S3C9228/P9228
8
RESET and POWER-DOWN
SYSTEM RESET
OVERVIEW
During a power-on reset, the voltage at VDD goes to High level and the RESET pin is forced to Low level. The
RESET signal is input through a schmitt trigger circuit where it is then synchronized with the CPU clock. This
procedure brings S3C9228/P9228 into a known operating status.
To allow time for internal CPU clock oscillation to stabilize, the RESET pin must be held to Low level for a
minimum time interval after the power supply comes within tolerance. The minimum required oscillation
stabilization time for a reset operation is 1 millisecond.
Whenever a reset occurs during normal operation (that is, when both VDD and RESET are High level), the
RESET pin is forced Low and the reset operation starts. All system and peripheral control registers are then reset
to their default hardware values (see Table 8-1).
In summary, the following sequence of events occurs during a reset operation:
— All interrupts are disabled.
— The watchdog function (basic timer) is enabled.
— The P0.0–P0.3, P1, and P2.2–P2.3 are set to schmitt trigger input mode and all pull-up resistors are disabled
for the I/O port pin circuits.
— Peripheral control and data registers are disabled and reset to their default hardware values.
— The program counter (PC) is loaded with the program reset address in the ROM, 0100H.
— When the programmed oscillation stabilization time interval has elapsed, the instruction stored in ROM
location 0100H (and 0101H) is fetched and executed.
NOTE
To program the duration of the oscillation stabilization interval, you make the appropriate settings to the
basic timer control register, BTCON, before entering Stop mode. Also, if you do not want to use the basic
timer watchdog function (which causes a system reset if a basic timer counter overflow occurs), you can
disable it by writing '1010B' to the upper nibble of BTCON.
8-1
RESET and POWER-DOWN
S3C9228/P9228
POWER-DOWN MODES
STOP MODE
Stop mode is invoked by the instruction STOP. In Stop mode, the operation of the CPU and main oscillator is
halted. All peripherals which the main oscillator is selected as a clock source stop also because main oscillator
stops. But the watch timer and LCD controller will not halted in stop mode if the sub clock is selected as watch
timer clock source. The data stored in the internal register file are retained in stop mode. Stop mode can be
released in one of three ways: by a system reset, by an internal watch timer interrupt (when sub clock is selected
as clock source of watch timer), or by an external interrupt.
Example:
LD
STOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
LD
STOPCON,#10100101B
STOPCON,#00000000B
NOTES
1. Do not use stop mode if you are using an external clock source because XIN input must be restricted
internally to VSS to reduce current leakage.
2. In application programs, a STOP instruction must be immediately followed by at least three NOP
instructions. This ensures an adequate time interval for the clock to stabilize before the next
instruction is executed. If three or more NOP instructions are not used after STOP instruction,
leakage current could be flown because of the floating state in the internal bus.
3. To enable/disable STOP instruction, the STOPCON register should be written with
10100101B/other values before/after stop instruction.
Using RESET to Release Stop Mode
Stop mode is released when the RESET signal goes active (Low level): all system and peripheral control
registers are reset to their default hardware values and the contents of all data registers are retained. When the
programmed oscillation stabilization interval has elapsed, the CPU starts the system initialization routine by
fetching the program instruction stored in ROM location 0100H.
Using an External Interrupt to Release Stop Mode
External interrupts can be used to release stop mode. For the S3C9228 microcontroller, we recommend using
the INT interrupt, P0, P1, and P3.
8-2
S3C9228/P9228
RESET and POWER-DOWN
Using an Internal Interrupt to Release Stop Mode
An internal interrupt, watch timer, can be used to release stop mode because the watch timer operates in stop
mode if the clock source of watch timer is sub clock. If system clock is sub clock, you can't use any interrupts to
release stop mode. That is, you had better use the idle instruction instead of stop one when sub clock is selected
as the system clock.
Please note the following conditions for Stop mode release:
— If you release stop mode using an internal or external interrupt, the current values in system and peripheral
control registers are unchanged.
— If you use an internal or external interrupt for stop mode release, you can also program the duration of the
oscillation stabilization interval. To do this, you must make the appropriate control and clock settings before
entering stop mode.
— If you use an interrupt to release stop mode, the bit-pair setting for CLKCON.4/CLKCON.3 remains
unchanged and the currently selected clock value is used.
— The internal or external interrupt is serviced when the stop mode release occurs. Following the IRET from
the service routine, the instruction immediately following the one that initiated stop mode is executed.
IDLE MODE
Idle mode is invoked by the instruction IDLE (opcode 6FH). In Idle mode, CPU operations are halted while some
peripherals remain active. During Idle mode, the internal clock signal is gated away from the CPU and from all
but the following peripherals, which remain active:
— Interrupt logic
— Basic timer
— Timer 1 (Timer A and B)
— Watch timer
— LCD controller
I/O port pins retain the mode (input or output) they had at the time Idle mode was entered.
Idle Mode Release
You can release Idle mode in one of two ways:
1. Execute a reset. All system and peripheral control registers are reset to their default values and the contents
of all data registers are retained. The reset automatically selects the slowest clock (1/16) because of the
hardware reset value for the CLKCON register. If all external interrupts are masked in the IMR register, a
reset is the only way you can release Idle mode.
2. Activate any enabled interrupt — internal or external. When you use an interrupt to release Idle mode,
the 2-bit CLKCON.4/CLKCON.3 value remains unchanged, and the currently selected clock value is
used. The interrupt is then serviced. When the return-from-interrupt condition (IRET) occurs, the
instruction immediately following the one which initiated Idle mode is executed.
8-3
RESET and POWER-DOWN
S3C9228/P9228
HARDWARE RESET VALUES
Table 8-1 list the values for CPU and system registers, peripheral control registers, and peripheral data registers
following a RESET operation in normal operating mode. The following notation is used in these table to represent
specific RESET values:
— A "1" or a "0" shows the RESET bit value as logic one or logic zero, respectively.
— An 'x' means that the bit value is undefined following RESET.
— A dash ('–') means that the bit is either not used or not mapped.
Table 8-1. Register Values after RESET
Register Name
Mnemonic
Bit Values after RESET
Address
Dec
Hex
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Locations B8H–B9H are not mapped.
Timer B Control Register
TBCON
202
BAH
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
–
Timer 1/A Control Register
TACON
203
BBH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
–
Timer B Data Register
TBDATA
204
BCH
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Timer A Data Register
TADATA
205
BDH
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Timer B Counter
TBCNT
206
BEH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Timer A Counter
TACNT
207
BFH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
A/D Converter Control Register
ADCON
208
D0H
–
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
A/D Converter Data Register (high byte)
ADDATAH
209
D1H
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
A/D Converter Data Register (low byte)
ADDATAL
210
D2H
–
–
–
–
–
–
X
X
Oscillator Control Register
OSCCON
211
D3H
–
–
–
–
0
0
–
0
System Clock Control Register
CLKCON
212
D4H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
FLAGS
213
D5H
X
X
X
X
–
–
–
–
Interrupt Pending Register 1
INTPND1
214
D6H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Interrupt Pending Register 2
INTPND2
215
D7H
–
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
LOPT
216
D8H
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SP
217
D9H
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
WTCON
218
DAH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
–
System Flags Register
LCD Port Control Register
Stack Pointer
Watch Timer Control Register
Locations DBH is not mapped.
Basic Timer Control Register
BTCON
220
DCH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Basic Timer Counter
BTCNT
221
DDH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Locations DEH is not mapped.
8-4
RESET and POWER-DOWN
S3C9228/P9228
Table 8-1. Register Values after RESET (Continued)
Register Name
Mnemonic
Bit Values after RESET
Address
Dec
Hex
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
System Mode Register
SYM
223
DFH
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
STOP Control Register
STPCON
224
E0H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SIO Control Register
SIOCON
225
E1H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
–
SIO Data Register
SIODATA
226
E2H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SIOPS
227
E3H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 0 Data Register
P0
228
E4H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 1 Data Register
P1
229
E5H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 2 Data Register
P2
230
E6H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 3 Data Register
P3
231
E7H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 4 Data Register
P4
232
E8H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 5 Data Register
P5
233
E9H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 6 Data Register
P6
234
EAH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 0 Control Register
P0CON
235
EBH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 0 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register
P0PUR
236
ECH
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Port 0 Interrupt Control Register
P0INT
237
EDH
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
P0EDGE
238
EEH
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Port 1 Control Register
P1CON
239
EFH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 1 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register
P1PUR
240
F0H
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Port 1 Interrupt Control Register
P1INT
241
F1H
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
P1EDGE
242
F2H
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Port 2 Control Register
P2CON
243
F3H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 2 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register
P2PUR
244
F4H
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Port 3 Control Register
P3CON
245
F5H
–
–
–
–
0
0
0
0
Port 3 Pull-up Resistors Enable Register
P3PUR
246
F6H
–
–
–
–
–
–
0
0
Port 3 Interrupt Control Register
P3INT
247
F7H
–
–
–
–
–
–
0
0
Port 3 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
P3EDGE
248
F8H
–
–
–
–
–
–
0
0
Port 4 Control Register (High Byte)
P4CONH
249
F9H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 4 Control Register (High Byte)
P4CONL
250
FAH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 5 Control Register (High Byte)
P5CONH
251
FBH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 5 Control Register (High Byte)
P5CONL
252
FCH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Port 6 Control Register
P6CON
253
FDH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
LCD Mode Register
LMOD
254
FEH
–
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SIO Prescaler Register
Port 0 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
Port 1 Interrupt Edge Selection Register
Location FFH is not mapped.
8-5
RESET and POWER-DOWN
S3C9228/P9228
NOTES
8-6
S3C9228/P9228
9
I/O PORTS
I/O PORTS
OVERVIEW
The S3C9228/P9228 microcontroller has seven bit-programmable I/O ports, P0-P6. Port 0 is 6-bit port, port 1,
port 2, and port 6 are 4-bit ports, port 3 is 2-bit port, and port 4 and port 5 are 8-bit ports. This gives a total of 36
I/O pins. Each port can be flexibly configured to meet application design requirements.
The CPU accesses ports by directly writing or reading port registers. No special I/O instructions are required. All
ports of the S3C9228/P9228 except P0.4 and P0.5 can be configured to input or output mode. All LCD signal pins
are shared with normal I/O ports.
Table 9-1 gives you a general overview of S3C9228 I/O port functions.
Table 9-1. S3C9228 Port Configuration Overview
Port
Configuration Options
0
1-bit programmable I/O port except P0.4 and P0.5.
Schmitt trigger input or push-pull, open-drain output and software assignable pull-ups.
The P0.4 and P0.5 are only push-pull output ports.
Alternatively P0.0-P0.3 can be used as input for external interrupts INT and can be used as
TAOUT, T1CLK, and BUZ.
1
1-bit programmable I/O port.
Schmitt trigger input or push-pull, open-drain output and software assignable pull-ups.
Alternatively P1 can be used as input for external interrupts INT and can be used as AD0-AD3.
2
1-bit programmable I/O port.
Schmitt trigger input or push-pull, open-drain output and software assignable pull-ups.
Alternatively P2.0 and P2.1 can be used as outputs for LCD segment signals and P2.0-P2.2
can be used as SCK, SO, and SI.
3
1-bit programmable I/O port.
Schmitt trigger input or push-pull, open-drain output and software assignable pull-ups.
Alternatively P3 can be used as input for external interrupts INTP and can be used as outputs
for LCD segment signals.
4
1-bit programmable I/O port.
Input or push-pull, open-drain output and software assignable pull-ups.
Alternatively P4 can be used as outputs for LCD segment signals.
5
1-bit programmable I/O port.
Input or push-pull, open-drain output and software assignable pull-ups.
Alternatively P5.0-P5.3 can be used as outputs for LCD segment signals and P5.4-P5.7 can be
used as outputs for LCD common or segment signals.
6
1-bit programmable I/O port.
Input or push-pull, open-drain output and software assignable pull-ups.
Alternatively P6 can be used as outputs for LCD common signals.
9-1
I/O PORTS
S3C9228/P9228
PORT DATA REGISTERS
Table 9-2 gives you an overview of the register locations of all seven S3C9228 I/O port data registers. Data
registers for ports 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 have the general format shown in Figure 9-1.
Table 9-2. Port Data Register Summary
Register Name
Mnemonic
Decimal
Hex
R/W
Port 0 data register
P0
228
E4H
R/W
Port 1 data register
P1
229
E5H
R/W
Port 2 data register
P2
230
E6H
R/W
Port 3 data register
P3
231
E7H
R/W
Port 4 data register
P4
232
E8H
R/W
Port 5 data register
P5
233
E9H
R/W
Port 6 data register
P6
234
EAH
R/W
S3C9228 I/O Port Data Register Format (n = 0-6)
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
Pn.7
Pn.6
Pn.5
Pn.4
Pn.3
Pn.2
Pn.1
Pn.0
LSB
Figure 9-1. S3C9228 I/O Port Data Register Format
9-2
S3C9228/P9228
I/O PORTS
PORT 0
Port 0 is an 6-bit I/O port with individually configurable pins. Port 0 pins are accessed directly by writing or
reading the port 0 data register, P0 at location E4H in page 0. P0.0-P0.3 can serve as inputs (with or without pullup), as outputs (push-pull or open-drain) or you can be configured the following functions.
— Low-nibble pins (P0.0-P0.3): TAOUT,T1CLK, BUZ, INT
— High-nibble pins (P0.4-P0.5): push-pull output ports (only 44-QFP package)
Port 0 Control register (P0CON)
Port 0 has a 8-bit control register: P0CON for P0.0-P0.3. A reset clears the P0CON register to “00H”, configuring
pins to input mode. You use control register setting to select input or output mode (push-pull or open-drain) and
enable the alternative functions.
When programming this port, please remember that any alternative peripheral I/O function you configure using
the port 0 control register must also be enabled in the associated peripheral module.
Port 0 Pull-up Resistor Control Register (P0PUR)
Using the port 0 pull-up resistor control register, P0PUR (ECH, page 0), you can configure pull-up resistors to
individual port 0 pins.
Port 0 Interrupt Enable, Pending, and Edge Selection Registers (P0INT, INTPND1.3-.0, P0EDGE)
To process external interrupts at the port 0 pins, three additional control registers are provided: the port 0
interrupt enable register P0INT (EDH, page 0), the port 0 interrupt pending bits INTPND1.3-.0 (D6H, page 0), and
the port 0 interrupt edge selection register P0EDGE (EEH, page 0).
The port 0 interrupt pending register bits lets you check for interrupt pending conditions and clear the pending
condition when the interrupt service routine has been initiated. The application program detects interrupt requests
by polling the INTPND1.3-.0 register at regular intervals.
When the interrupt enable bit of any port 0 pin is "1", a rising or falling edge at that pin will generate an interrupt
request. The corresponding INTPND1 bit is then automatically set to "1" and the IRQ level goes low to signal the
CPU that an interrupt request is waiting. When the CPU acknowledges the interrupt request, application software
must the clear the pending condition by writing a "0" to the corresponding INTPND1 bit.
9-3
I/O PORTS
S3C9228/P9228
Port 0 Control Register (P0CON)
EBH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
P0.3/BUZ
(INT)
.5
.4
P0.2
(INT)
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P0.1/T1CLK P0.0/TAOUT
(INT)
(INT)
P0CON bit-pair pin configuration settings:
Schmitt trigger input mode (T1CLK)
Push-pull output mode
00
01
10
11
N-channel open-drain output mode
Alternative function (TAOUT, BUZ)
Figure 9-2. Port 0 Control Register (P0CON)
Port 0 Interrupt Control Register (P0INT)
EDH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
Not used
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P0.3 P0.2 P0.1 P0.0
(INT) (INT) (INT) (INT)
P0INT bit configuration settings:
0
1
Disable interrupt
Enable interrupt
Figure 9-3. Port 0 Interrupt Control Register (P0INT)
9-4
S3C9228/P9228
I/O PORTS
Port 0 Interrupt Pending Bits (INTPND1.3-.0)
D6H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0 P0.3 P0.2 P0.1 P0.0
(INT) (INT) (INT) (INT) (INT) (INT) (INT) (INT)
INTPND1 bit configuration settings:
0
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
Interrupt is pending (when read)
1
Figure 9-4. Port 0 Interrupt Pending Bits (INTPND1.3-.0)
Port 0 Interrupt Edge Selection Register (P0EDGE)
EEH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P0.3 P0.2 P0.1 P0.0
(INT) (INT) (INT) (INT)
Not used
P0EDGE bit configuration settings:
0
1
Falling edge detection
Rising edge detection
Figure 9-5. Port 0 Interrupt Edge Selection Register (P0EDGE)
Port 0 Pull-up Control Register (P0PUR)
ECH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
Not used
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
P0.3
P0.2
P0.1
P0.0
LSB
P0PUR bit configuration settings:
0
1
Disable pull-up resistor
Enable pull-up resistor
Figure 9-6. Port 0 Pull-up Control Register (P0PUR)
9-5
I/O PORTS
S3C9228/P9228
PORT 1
Port 1 is an 4-bit I/O port with individually configurable pins. Port 1 pins are accessed directly by writing or
reading the port 1 data register, P1 at location E5H in page 0. P1.0-P1.3 can serve as inputs (with or without pullup), as outputs (push-pull or open-drain) or you can be configured the following functions.
— Low-nibble pins (P1.0-P1.3): AD0-AD3, INT
Port 1 Control Register (P1CON)
Port 1 has a 8-bit control register: P1CON for P1.0-P1.3. A reset clears the P1CON register to "00H", configuring
pins to input mode. You use control register setting to select input or output mode (push-pull or open-drain) and
enable the alternative functions.
When programming this port, please remember that any alternative peripheral I/O function you configure using
the port 1 control register must also be enabled in the associated peripheral module.
Port 1 Pull-up Resistor Control Register (P1PUR)
Using the port 1 pull-up resistor control register, P1PUR (F0H, page 0), you can configure pull-up resistors to
individual port 1 pins.
Port 1 Interrupt Enable, Pending, and Edge Selection Registers (P1INT, INTPND1.7-.4, P1EDGE)
To process external interrupts at the port 1 pins, three additional control registers are provided: the port 1
interrupt enable register P1INT (F1H, page 0), the port 1 interrupt pending bits INTPND1.7-.4 (D6H, page 0), and
the port 1 interrupt edge selection register P1EDGE (F2H, page 0).
The port 1 interrupt pending register bits lets you check for interrupt pending conditions and clear the pending
condition when the interrupt service routine has been initiated. The application program detects interrupt requests
by polling the INTPND1.7-.4 register at regular intervals.
When the interrupt enable bit of any port 1 pin is "1", a rising or falling edge at that pin will generate an interrupt
request. The corresponding INTPND1 bit is then automatically set to "1" and the IRQ level goes low to signal the
CPU that an interrupt request is waiting. When the CPU acknowledges the interrupt request, application software
must the clear the pending condition by writing a "0" to the corresponding INTPND1 bit.
Port 1 Control Register (P1CON)
EFH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
P1.3/AD3
(INT)
.5
.4
P1.2/AD2
(INT)
.3
.2
P1.1/AD1
(INT)
.1
.0
P1.0/AD0
(INT)
P1CON bit-pair pin configuration settings:
00
01
Schmitt trigger input mode
Push-pull output mode
10
11
N-channel open-drain output mode
Alternative function (AD0,AD1, AD2, AD3)
Figure 9-7. Port 1 Control Register (P1CON)
9-6
LSB
S3C9228/P9228
I/O PORTS
Port 1 Interrupt Control Register (P1INT)
F1H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0
(INT) (INT) (INT) (INT)
Not used
P1INT bit configuration settings:
0
1
Disable interrupt
Enable interrupt
Figure 9-8. Port 1 Interrupt Control Register (P1INT)
Port 1 Interrupt Pending Bits (INTPND1.7-.4)
D6H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0 P0.3 P0.2 P0.1 P0.0
(INT) (INT) (INT) (INT) (INT) (INT) (INT) (INT)
INTPND1 bit configuration settings:
0
1
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
Interrupt is pending (when read)
Figure 9-9. Port 1 Interrupt Pending Bits (INTPND1.7-.4)
9-7
I/O PORTS
S3C9228/P9228
Port 1 Interrupt Edge Selection Register (P1EDGE)
F2H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0
(INT) (INT) (INT) (INT)
Not used
P1EDGE bit configuration settings:
0
Falling edge detection
Rising edge detection
1
Figure 9-10. Port 1 Interrupt Edge Selection Register (P1EDGE)
Port 1 Pull-up Control Register (P1PUR)
F0H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
Not used
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
P1.3
P1.2
P1.1
P1.0
LSB
P1PUR bit configuration settings:
0
1
Disable pull-up resistor
Enable pull-up resistor
Figure 9-11. Port 1 Pull-up Control Register (P1PUR)
9-8
S3C9228/P9228
I/O PORTS
PORT 2
Port 2 is an 4-bit I/O port with individually configurable pins. Port 2 pins are accessed directly by writing or
reading the port 2 data register, P2 at location E6H in page 0. P2.0-P2.3 can serve as inputs (with or without pullup), as outputs (push-pull or open-drain) or you can be configured the following functions.
— Low-nibble pins (P2.0-P2.3): SCK, SO, SI, SEG0-SEG1
Port 2 Control Register (P2CON)
Port 2 has a 8-bit control register: P2CON for P2.0-P2.3. A reset clears the P2CON register to "00H", configuring
pins to input mode. You use control register setting to select input or output mode (push-pull or open-drain) and
enable the alternative functions.
When programming this port, please remember that any alternative peripheral I/O function you configure using
the port 2 control register must also be enabled in the associated peripheral module.
Port 2 Pull-up Resistor Control Register (P2PUR)
Using the port 2 pull-up resistor control register, P2PUR (F4H, page 0), you can configure pull-up resistors to
individual port 2 pins.
Port 2 Control Register (P2CON)
F3H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
P2.3
.5
.4
P2.2/SI
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P2.1/SO/SEG0 P2.0/SCK/SEG1
P2CON bit-pair pin configuration settings:
00
Schmitt trigger input mode (SI,SCK)
01
Push-pull output mode
10
N-channel open-drain output mode
11
Alternative function (SCK, SO)
Figure 9-12. Port 2 Control Register (P2CON)
9-9
I/O PORTS
S3C9228/P9228
Port 2 Pull-up Control Register (P2PUR)
F4H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
Not used
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
P2.3
P2.2
P2.1
P2.0
LSB
P2PUR bit configuration settings:
0
1
Disable pull-up resistor
Enable pull-up resistor
Figure 9-13. Port 2 Pull-up Control Register (P2PUR)
9-10
S3C9228/P9228
I/O PORTS
PORT 3
Port 3 is an 2-bit I/O port with individually configurable pins. Port 3 pins are accessed directly by writing or
reading the port 3 data register, P3 at location E7H in page 0. P3.0-P3.1 can serve as inputs (with or without pullup, and high impedance input), as outputs (push-pull or open-drain) or you can be configured the following
functions.
— Low-nibble pins (P3.0-P3.1): SEG2-SEG3, INTP
Port 3 Control Register (P3CON)
Port 3 has a 8-bit control register: P3CON for P3.0-P3.1. A reset clears the P3CON register to "00H", configuring
pins to input mode. You use control register setting to select input or output mode (push-pull or open-drain).
Port 3 Pull-up Resistor Control Register (P3PUR)
Using the port 3 pull-up resistor control register, P3PUR (F6H, page 0), you can configure pull-up resistors to
individually port 3 pins.
Port 3 Interrupt Enable, Pending, and Edge Selection Registers(P3INT, INTPND2.5-.4, P3EDGE)
To process external interrupts at the port 3 pins, three additional control registers are provided: the port 3
interrupt enable register P3INT (F7H, page 0), the port 3 interrupt pending bits INTPND2.5-.4 (D7H, page 0), and
the port 3 interrupt edge selection register P3EDGE (F8H, page 0).
The port 3 interrupt pending register bits lets you check for interrupt pending conditions and clear the pending
condition when the interrupt service routine has been initiated. The application program detects interrupt requests
by polling the INTPND2.5-.4 register at regular intervals.
When the interrupt enable bit of any port 3 pin is "1", a rising or falling edge at that pin will generate an interrupt
request. The corresponding INTPND2 bit is then automatically set to "1" and the IRQ level goes low to signal the
CPU that an interrupt request is waiting. When the CPU acknowledges the interrupt request, application software
must the clear the pending condition by writing a "0" to the corresponding INTPND2 bit.
Port 3 Control Register (P3CON)
F5H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
Not used
.4
.3
.2
P3.1/SEG2
(INTP)
.1
.0
LSB
P3.0/SEG3
(INTP)
P3CON bit-pair pin configuration settings:
00
01
Schmitt trigger input mode
Push-pull output mode
10
11
N-channel open-drain output mode
Not available
Figure 9-14. Port 3 Control Register (P3CON)
9-11
I/O PORTS
S3C9228/P9228
Port 3 Interrupt Control Register (P3INT)
F7H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P3.1 P3.0
(INTP) (INTP)
Not used
P3INT bit configuration settings:
0
1
Disable interrupt
Enable interrupt
Figure 9-15. Port 3 Interrupt Control Register (P3INT)
Port 3 Interrupt Pending Bits (INTPND2.5-.4)
D7H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
Not used
.5
.4
P3.0 (INTP)
.3
.2
SIO
P3.0 (INTP) Watch Timer
.1
.0
LSB
Timer 1/A
Timer B
INTPND2 bit configuration settings:
0
1
No interrupt pending (when read), clear pending bit (when write)
Interrupt is pending (when read)
Figure 9-16. Port 3 Interrupt Pending Bits (INTPND2.5-.4)
9-12
S3C9228/P9228
I/O PORTS
Port 3 Interrupt Edge Selection Register (P3EDGE)
F8H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P3.1 P3.0
(INTP) (INTP)
Not used
P3EDGE bit configuration settings:
0
1
Falling edge detection
Rising edge detection
Figure 9-17. Port 3 Interrupt Edge Selection Register (P3EDGE)
Port 3 Pull-up Control Register (P3PUR)
F6H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
Not used
.1
.0
P3.1
P3.0
LSB
P3PUR bit configuration settings:
0
1
Disable pull-up resistor
Enable pull-up resistor
Figure 9-18. Port 3 Pull-up Control Register (P3PUR)
9-13
I/O PORTS
S3C9228/P9228
PORT 4
Port 4 is an 8-bit I/O port with individually configurable pins. Port 4 pins are accessed directly by writing or
reading the port 4 data register, P4 at location E8H in page 0. P4.0-P4.7 can serve as inputs or as push-pull,
open-drain outputs. You can configure the following alternative functions with LCD port control register, LPOT:
— Low-nibble pins (P4.0-P4.3): SEG4-SEG7
— High-nibble pins (P4.4-P4.7): SEG8-SEG11
Port 4 Control Registers (P4CONH, P4CONL)
Port 4 has two 8-bit control registers: P4CONH for P4.4-P4.7 and P4CONL for P4.0-P4.3. A reset clears the
P4CONH and P4CONL registers to "00H", configuring all pins to input mode. You use control registers setting to
select input or output mode.
Port 4 Control Register, High Byte (P4CONH)
F9H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
P4.7/SEG11 P4.6/SEG10 P4.5/SEG9
.1
.0
LSB
P4.4/SEG8
P4CONH bit-pair pin configuration settings:
00
01
10
11
Input mode
Push-pull output mode
N-channel open-drain output mode
Input mode with pull-up
Figure 9-19. Port 4 High-Byte Control Register (P4CONH)
Port 4 Control Register, Low Byte (P4CONL)
FAH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
P4.3/SEG7
.5
.4
P4.2/SEG6
.3
.2
P4.1/SEG5
.1
.0
LSB
P4.0/SEG4
P4CONL bit-pair pin configuration settings:
00
01
10
Input mode
Push-pull output mode
N-channel open-drain output mode
11
Input mode with pull-up
Figure 9-20. Port 4 Low-Byte Control Register (P4CONL)
9-14
S3C9228/P9228
I/O PORTS
PORT 5
Port 5 is an 8-bit I/O port with individually configurable pins. Port 5 pins are accessed directly by writing or
reading the port 5 data register, P5 at location E9H in page 0. P5.0-P5.7 can serve as inputs or as push-pull,
open-drain outputs. You can configure the following alternative functions with LCD port control register, LPOT:
— Low-nibble pins (P5.0-P5.3): SEG12-SEG15
— High-nibble pins (P5.4-P5.7): SEG16-SEG19, COM4-COM7
Port 5 Control Registers (P5CONH, P5CONL)
Port 5 has two 8-bit control registers: P5CONH for P5.4-P5.7 and P4CONL for P5.0-P5.3. A reset clears the
P5CONH and P5CONL registers to "00H", configuring all pins to input mode. You use control registers setting to
select input or output mode.
Port 5 Control Register, High Byte (P5CONH)
FBH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
P5.6/SEG18/COM5
P5.7/SEG19/COM4
.1
.0
LSB
P5.4/SEG16/COM7
P5.5/SEG17/COM6
P5CONH bit-pair pin configuration settings:
00
01
10
11
Input mode
Push-pull output mode
N-channel open-drain output mode
Input mode with pull-up
Figure 9-21. Port 5 High-Byte Control Register (P5CONH)
Port 5 Control Register, Low Byte (P5CONL)
FCH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
P5.3/SEG15 P5.2/SEG14 P5.1/SEG13 P5.0/SEG12
P5CONL bit-pair pin configuration settings:
00
01
Input mode
Push-pull output mode
10
11
N-channel open-drain output mode
Input mode with pull-up
Figure 9-22. Port 5 Low-Byte Control Register (P5CONL)
9-15
I/O PORTS
S3C9228/P9228
PORT 6
Port 6 is an 4-bit I/O port with individually configurable pins. Port 6 pins are accessed directly by writing or
reading the port 6 data register, P6 at location EAH in page 0. P6.0-P6.3 can serve as inputs or as push-pull,
open-drain outputs. You can configure the following alternative functions with LCD port control register, LPOT:
— Low-nibble pins (P6.0-P6.3): COM0-COM3
Port 6 Control Register (P6CON)
Port 6 has a 8-bit control register: P6CONH for P6.0-P6.3. A reset clears the P6CON registers to "00H",
configuring all pins to input mode. You use control registers setting to select input or output mode.
Port 6 Control Register, Low Byte (P6CON)
FDH, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
P6.3/COM0 P6.2/COM1 P6.1/COM2
.1
.0
P6.0/COM3
P6CON bit-pair pin configuration settings:
00
01
10
11
Input mode
Push-pull output mode
N-channel open-drain output mode
Input mode with pull-up
Figure 9-23. Port 6 Control Register (P6CON)
9-16
LSB
S3C9228/P9228 (Preliminary Spec)
10
BASIC TIMER
BASIC TIMER
OVERVIEW
Basic timer (BT) can be used in two different ways:
— As a watchdog timer to provide an automatic reset mechanism in the event of a system malfunction.
— To signal the end of the required oscillation stabilization interval after a reset or a stop mode release.
The functional components of the basic timer block are:
— Clock frequency divider (f xx divided by 4096, 1024, 128, or 16) with multiplexer
— 8-bit basic timer counter, BTCNT (DDH, read-only)
— Basic timer control register, BTCON (DCH, read/write)
10-1
BASIC TIMER
S3C9228/P9228 (Preliminary Spec)
BASIC TIMER CONTROL REGISTER (BTCON)
The basic timer control register, BTCON, is used to select the input clock frequency, to clear the basic timer
counter and frequency dividers, and to enable or disable the watchdog timer function. It is located in page 0,
address DCH, and is read/write addressable using Register addressing mode.
A reset clears BTCON to "00H". This enables the watchdog function and selects a basic timer clock frequency of
f xx/4096. To disable the watchdog function, you must write the signature code “1010B” to the basic timer register
control bits BTCON.7–BTCON.4.
The 8-bit basic timer counter, BTCNT (page 0, DDH), can be cleared at any time during normal operation by
writing a "1" to BTCON.1. To clear the frequency dividers for the basic timer input clock and timer counters, you
write a "1" to BTCON.0.
Basic TImer Control Register (BTCON)
DCH, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
Watchdog function enable bits:
1010B
= Disable watchdog timer
Other Value = Enable watchdog timer
.2
.1
.0
LSB
Divider clear bit for basic timer
and timer counters:
0 = No effect
1 = Clear divider
Basic timer counter clear bit:
0 = No effect
1 = Clear BTCNT
Basic timer input clock selection bits:
00 = fXX/4096
01 = fXX/1024
10 = fXX/128
11 = fXX/16
Figure 10-1. Basic Timer Control Register (BTCON)
10-2
S3C9228/P9228 (Preliminary Spec)
BASIC TIMER
BASIC TIMER FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Watchdog Timer Function
You can program the basic timer overflow signal (BTOVF) to generate a reset by setting BTCON.7–BTCON.4 to
any value other than “1010B”. (The “1010B” value disables the watchdog function.) A reset clears BTCON to
“00H”, automatically enabling the watchdog timer function. A reset also selects the CPU clock (as determined by
the current CLKCON register setting), divided by 4096, as the BT clock.
A reset whenever a basic timer counter overflow occurs. During normal operation, the application program must
prevent the overflow, and the accompanying reset operation, from occurring. To do this, the BTCNT value must
be cleared (by writing a "1" to BTCON.1) at regular intervals.
If a system malfunction occurs due to circuit noise or some other error condition, the BT counter clear operation
will not be executed and a basic timer overflow will occur, initiating a reset. In other words, during normal
operation, the basic timer overflow loop (a bit 7 overflow of the 8-bit basic timer counter, BTCNT) is always
broken by a BTCNT clear instruction. If a malfunction does occur, a reset is triggered automatically.
Oscillation Stabilization Interval Timer Function
You can also use the basic timer to program a specific oscillation stabilization interval following a reset or when
stop mode has been released by an external interrupt.
In stop mode, whenever a reset or an internal and an external interrupt occurs, the oscillator starts. The BTCNT
value then starts increasing at the rate of fxx/4096 (for reset), or at the rate of the preset clock source (for an
internal and an external interrupt). When BTCNT.3 overflows, a signal is generated to indicate that the
stabilization interval has elapsed and to gate the clock signal off to the CPU so that it can resume normal
operation.
In summary, the following events occur when stop mode is released:
1. During stop mode, a power-on reset or an internal and an external interrupt occurs to trigger the stop mode
release and oscillation starts.
2. If a power-on reset occurred, the basic timer counter will increase at the rate of fxx/4096. If an internal and an
external interrupt is used to release stop mode, the BTCNT value increases at the rate of the preset clock
source.
3. Clock oscillation stabilization interval begins and continues until bit 3 of the basic timer counter overflows.
4. When a BTCNT.3 overflow occurs, normal CPU operation resumes.
10-3
BASIC TIMER
S3C9228/P9228 (Preliminary Spec)
RESET or STOP
Bit 1
Bits 3, 2
Basic Timer Control Register
(Write '1010xxxxB' to Disable)
Data Bus
fXX/4096
Clear
fXX/1024
fXX
DIV
fXX/128
MUX
8-Bit Up Counter
(BTCNT, Read-Only)
OVF
fXX/16
R
Start the CPU (note)
Bit 0
NOTE:
During a power-on reset operation, the CPU is idle during the required oscillation
stabilization interval (until bit 4 of the basic timer counter overflows).
Figure 10-2. Basic Timer Block Diagram
10-4
RESET
S3C9228/P9228
11
TIMER 1
TIMER 1
ONE 16-BIT TIMER MODE (TIMER 1)
The 16-bit timer 1 is used in one 16-bit timer or two 8-bit timers mode. If TACON.7 is set to "1", timer 1 is used
as a 16-bit timer. If TACON.7 is set to "0", timer 1 is used as two 8-bit timers.
— One 16-bit timer mode (Timer 1)
— Two 8-bit timers mode (Timer A and B)
OVERVIEW
The 16-bit timer 1 is an 16-bit general-purpose timer. Timer 1 has the interval timer mode by using the
appropriate TACON setting.
Timer 1 has the following functional components:
— Clock frequency divider (fxx divided by 512, 256, 64, 8, or 1, fxt, and T1CLK: External clock) with multiplexer
— 16-bit counter (TACNT, TBCNT), 16-bit comparator, and 16-bit reference data register (TADATA, TBDATA)
— Timer 1 match interrupt generation
— Timer 1 control register, TACON (page 0, BBH, read/write)
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Interval Timer Function
The timer 1 module can generate an interrupt: the timer 1 match interrupt (T1INT).
The T1INT pending condition should be cleared by software when it has been serviced. Even though T1INT is
disabled, the application's service routine can detect a pending condition of T1INT by the software and execute
it's sub-routine. When this case is used, the T1INT pending bit must be cleared by the application sub-routine by
writing a "0" to the INTPND2.0 pending bit.
In interval timer mode, a match signal is generated when the counter value is identical to the values written to
the timer 1 reference data registers, TADATA and TBDATA. The match signal generates a timer 1 match
interrupt and clears the counter.
If, for example, you write the value 32H and 10H to TADATA and TBDATA, respectively, and 8EH to TACON,
the counter will increment until it reaches 3210H. At this point, the timer 1 interrupt request is generated, the
counter value is reset, and counting resumes.
11-1
TIMER 1
S3C9228/P9228
Timer 1 Control Register (TACON)
You use the timer 1 control register, TACON, to
— Enable the timer 1 operating (interval timer)
— Select the timer 1 input clock frequency
— Clear the timer 1 counter, TACNT and TBCNT
— Enable the timer 1 interrupt
TACON is located in page 0, at address BBH, and is read/write addressable using register addressing mode.
A reset clears TACON to "00H". This sets timer 1 to disable interval timer mode, selects an input clock frequency
of fxx/512, and disables timer 1 interrupt. You can clear the timer 1 counter at any time during normal operation
by writing a "1" to TACON.3.
To enable the timer 1 interrupt, you must write TACON.7, TACON.2, and TACON.1 to "1".
To generate the exact time interval, you should write TACON.3 and INTPND2.0, which cleared counter and
interrupt pending bit. To detect an interrupt pending condition when T1INT is disabled, the application program
polls pending bit, INTPND.2.0. When a "1" is detected, a timer 1 interrupt is pending. When the T1INT subroutine has been serviced, the pending condition must be cleared by software by writing a "0" to the timer 1
interrupt pending bit, INTPND2.0.
Timer A Control Register (TACON)
BBH, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
One 16-bit timer or Two 8-bit timers
mode:
0 = Two 8-bit timers mode (Timer A/B)
1 = One 16-bit timer mode (Timer 1)
Timer 1/A clock selection bits:
000 = fxx/512
001 = fxx/256
010 = fxx/64
011 = fxx/8
100 = fxx
101 = fxt (sub clock)
110 = T1CLK (external clock)
111 = Not available
.3
.2
.1
.0
Not used
Timer 1/A interrupt enable bit:
0 = Disable interrupt
1 = Enable interrupt
Timer 1/A counter enable bit:
0 = Disable counting operation
1 = Enable counting operation
Timer 1/A counter clear bit:
0 = No affect
1 = Clear the timer 1/A counter (when write)
Figure 11-1. Timer 1 Control Register (TACON)
11-2
LSB
S3C9228/P9228
TIMER 1
BTCON.0
TACON.6-.4
1/512
R
TACON.3
Data Bus
1/256
TACON.2
fxx
(XIN or XT IN)
DIV
1/64
1/8
1/1
fxt
M
U
LSB
TBCNT
MSB
Clear
TACNT
R
TACON.1
Match
X
16-Bit Comparator
T1CLK
LSB
MSB
TBDATA TADATA
Buffer
Buffer
INTPND2.0
T1INT
TAOUT
Match Signal
Counter clear signal
TBDATA TADATA
Data Bus
NOTE:
When one 16-bit timer mode (TACON.7 <- "1": Timer 1)
Figure 11-2. Timer 1 Block Diagram (One 16-bit Mode)
11-3
TIMER 1
S3C9228/P9228
TWO 8-BIT TIMERS MODE (TIMER A and B)
OVERVIEW
The 8-bit timer A and B are the 8-bit general-purpose timers. Timer A and B have the interval timer mode by
using the appropriate TACON and TBCON setting, respectively.
Timer A and B have the following functional components:
— Clock frequency divider with multiplexer
– fxx divided by 512, 256, 64, 8 or 1, fxt, and T1CLK (External clock) for timer A
– fxx divided by 512, 256, 64, 8 or 1, and fxt for timer B
— 8-bit counter (TACNT, TBCNT), 8-bit comparator, and 8-bit reference data register (TADATA, TBDATA)
— Timer A have I/O pin for match output (TAOUT)
— Timer A match interrupt generation
— Timer A control register, TACON (page 0, BBH, read/write)
— Timer B match interrupt generation
— Timer B control register, TBCON (page 0, BAH, read/write)
Timer A and B Control Register (TACON, TBCON)
You use the timer A and B control register, TACON and TBCON, to
— Enable the timer A (interval timer mode) and B operating (interval timer mode)
— Select the timer A and B input clock frequency
— Clear the timer A and B counter, TACNT and TBCNT
— Enable the timer A and B interrupt
11-4
S3C9228/P9228
TIMER 1
TACON and TBCON are located in page 0, at address BBH and BAH, and is read/write addressable using
register addressing mode.
A reset clears TACON to "00H". This sets timer A to disable interval timer mode, selects an input clock frequency
of fxx/512, and disables timer A interrupt. You can clear the timer A counter at any time during normal operation
by writing a "1" to TACON.3.
A reset clears TBCON to "00H". This sets timer B to disable interval timer mode, selects an input clock frequency
of fxx/512, and disables timer A interrupt. You can clear the timer B counter at any time during normal operation
by writing a "1" to TBCON.3.
To enable the timer A interrupt (TAINT) and timer B interrupt (TBINT), you must write TACON.7 to "0", TACON.2
(TBCON.2) and TACON.1 (TBCON.1) to "1". To generate the exact time interval, you should write TACON.3
(TBCON.3) and INTPND2.0 (INTPND2.1), which cleared counter and interrupt pending bit. To detect an interrupt
pending condition when TAINT and TBINT is disabled, the application program polls pending bit, INTPND2.0 and
INTPND2.1. When a "1" is detected, a timer A interrupt (TAINT) and timer B interrupt (TBINT) is pending. When
the TAINT and TBINT sub-routine has been serviced, the pending condition must be cleared by software by
writing a "0" to the timer A and B interrupt pending bit, INTPND2.0 and INTPND2.1.
Timer A Control Register (TACON)
E4H, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
One 16-bit timer or Two 8-bit
timers mode:
0 = Two 8-bit timers mode (Timer A/B)
1 = One 16-bit timer mode (Timer 1)
Timer A clock selection bits:
000 = fxx/512
001 = fxx/256
010 = fxx/64
011 = fxx/8
100 = fxx
101 = fxt (sub clock)
110 = T1CLK (external clock)
111 = Not available
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
Not used
Timer A interrupt enable bit:
0 = Disable interrupt
1 = Enable interrupt
Timer A counter enable bit:
0 = Disable counting operation
1 = Enable counting operation
Timer A counter clear bit:
0 = No affect
1 = Clear the timer A counter (when write)
Figure 11-3. Timer A Control Register (TACON)
11-5
TIMER 1
S3C9228/P9228
Timer B Control Register (TBCON)
BAH, R/W
MSB
.7
Not used
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
Not used
Timer B match interrupt enable bit:
Timer B clock selection bits:
0 = Disable match interrupt
000 = fxx/512
1 = Enable match interrupt
001 = fxx/256
010 = fxx/64
011 = fxx/8
Timer B count enable bit:
100 = fxx (system clock)
0 = Disable counting operating
101 = fxt (sub clock)
1 = Enable counting operating
110 = Not available
111 = Not available
Timer B counter clear bit:
0 = No effect
1 = Clear the timer B counter (when write)
Figure 11-4. Timer B Control Register (TBCON)
11-6
S3C9228/P9228
TIMER 1
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Interval Timer Function (Timer A and Timer B)
The timer A and B module can generate an interrupt: the timer A match interrupt (TAINT) and the timer B match
interrupt (TBINT).
The timer A match interrupt pending condition (INTPND2.0) and the timer B match interrupt pending condition
(INTPND2.1) must be cleared by software in the application's interrupt service by means of writing a "0" to the
INTPND2.0 and INTPND2.1 interrupt pending bit.
Even though TAINT and TBINT are disabled, the application's service routine can detect a pending condition of
TAINT and TBINT by the software and execute it's sub-routine. When this case is used, the TAINT and TBINT
pending bit must be cleared by the application sub-routine by writing a "0" to the corresponding pending bit
INTPND2.0 and INTPND2.1.
In interval timer mode, a match signal is generated when the counter value is identical to the values written to
the timer A or timer B reference data registers, TADATA or TBDATA. The match signal generates corresponding
match interrupt and clears the counter.
If, for example, you write the value 20H to TADATA and 0EH to TACON, the counter will increment until it
reaches 20H. At this point, the timer A interrupt request is generated, the counter value is cleared, and counting
resumes and you write the value 10H to TBDATA, "0" to TACON.7, and 0EH to TBCON, the counter will
increment until it reaches 10H. At this point, TB interrupt request is generated, the counter value is cleared and
counting resumes.
11-7
TIMER 1
S3C9228/P9228
BTCON.0
R
TACON.6-.4
1/512
1/256
TACON.3
Data Bus
TACON.2
fxx
(XIN or XT IN)
1/64
DIV
M
LSB
MSB
1/8
U
TACNT
(8-Bit Up-Counter) R
1/1
X
TACON.1
Match
8-Bit Comparator
fxt
T1CLK/
P0.1
Clear
LSB
INTPND2.0
TAINT
TAOUT
MSB
TADATA Buffer
Match Signal
Counter Clear Signal
TADATA Register
Data Bus
NOTE:
When two 8-bit timers mode (TACON.7 <- "0": Timer A)
Figure 11-5. Timer A Block Diagram(Two 8-bit Timers Mode)
11-8
S3C9228/P9228
TIMER 1
BTCON.0
R
TBCON.6-.4
1/512
1/256
fxx
(XIN or XTIN)
DIV
1/64
TBCON.3
Data Bus
M
U
1/8
TBCON.2
LSB
MSB
TBCNT
(8-Bit Up-Counter) R
X
TBCON.1
Match
1/1
8-Bit Comparator
fxt
Clear
LSB
INTPND2.1
TBINT
MSB
TBDATA Buffer
Match Signal
Counter Clear Signal
TBDATA Register
Data Bus
NOTE:
When two 8-bit timers mode (TACON.7 <- "0": Timer B)
Figure 11-6. Timer B Block Diagram (Two 8-bit Timers Mode)
11-9
TIMER 1
S3C9228/P9228
NOTES
11-10
S3C9228/P9228
12
WATCH TIMER
WATCH TIMER
OVERVIEW
Watch timer functions include real-time and watch-time measurement and interval timing for the system clock.
To start watch timer operation, set bit 1 of the watch timer control register, WTCON.1 to "1".
And if you want to service watch timer overflow interrupt, then set the WTCON.6 to “1”.
The watch timer overflow interrupt pending condition (INTPND2.3) must be cleared by software in the
application's interrupt service routine by means of writing a "0" to the INTPND2.3 interrupt pending bit.
After the watch timer starts and elapses a time, the watch timer interrupt pending bit (INTPND2.3) is
automatically set to "1", and interrupt requests commence in 3.91ms, 0.25, 0.5 and 1-second intervals by setting
Watch timer speed selection bits (WTCON.3 – .2).
The watch timer can generate a steady 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, or 4 kHz signal to BUZ output pin for Buzzer. By
setting WTCON.3 and WTCON.2 to "11b", the watch timer will function in high-speed mode, generating an
interrupt every 3.91 ms. High-speed mode is useful for timing events for program debugging sequences.
Also, you can select watch timer clock source by setting the WTCON.7 appropriately value.
The watch timer supplies the clock frequency for the LCD controller (fLCD ). Therefore, if the watch timer is
disabled, the LCD controller does not operate.
Watch timer has the following functional components:
— Real Time and Watch-Time Measurement
— Using a Main or Sub Clock Source (Main clock divided by 27(fx/128) or Sub clock(fxt))
— Clock Source Generation for LCD Controller (fLCD )
— I/O pin for Buzzer Output Frequency Generator (P0.3, BUZ)
— Timing Tests in High-Speed Mode
— Watch timer overflow interrupt generation
— Watch timer control register, WTCON (page 0, DAH, read/write)
12-1
WATCH TIMER
S3C9228/P9228
WATCH TIMER CONTROL REGISTER (WTCON)
The watch timer control register, WTCON is used to select the input clock source, the watch timer interrupt time
and Buzzer signal, to enable or disable the watch timer function. It is located in page 0 at address DAH, and is
read/write addressable using register addressing mode.
A reset clears WTCON to "00H". This disable the watch timer and select fx/128 as the watch timer clock.
So, if you want to use the watch timer, you must write appropriate value to WTCON.
Watch Timer Control Register (WTCON)
DAH, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
Watch timer clock selection bit:
0 = Main clock divided by
27(fx/128)
1 = Sub clock (fxt)
Watch timer INT Enable/Disable bit:
0 = Disable watch timer INT
1 = Enable watch timer INT
Buzzer signal selection bits:
00 = 0.5 kHz
01 = 1 kHz
10 = 2 kHz
11 = 4 kHz
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
Not used
Watch timer Enable/Disable bit:
0 = Disable watch timer;
clear frequency dividing circuits
1 = Enable watch timer
Watch timer speed selection bits:
00 = Set watch timer interrupt to 1 s
01 = Set watch timer interrupt to 0.5 s
10 = Set watch timer interrupt to 0.25 s
11 = Set watch timer interrupt to 3.91 ms
Figure 12-1. Watch Timer Control Register (WTCON)
12-2
LSB
S3C9228/P9228
WATCH TIMER
WATCH TIMER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WTCON.7
WTCON.6
WT INT Enable
BUZ (P0.3)
WTCON.6
WTCON.5
8
MUX
WTCON.4
WTCON.3
WTCON.2
WTCON.1
WTINT
fW/64 (0.5 kHz)
fW/32 (1 kHz)
fW/16 (2 kHz)
fW/8 (4 kHz)
Enable/Disable
Selector
Circuit
INTPND2.3
WTCON.0
Clock
Selector
fW
32.768 kHz
Frequency
Dividing
Circuit
fW/27
fW/213
fW/214
fW/215 (1 Hz)
fLCD = 2048 Hz
fxt
fx/128
fX = Main clock (where fx = 4.19 MHz)
fxt = Sub clock (32,768 Hz)
fW = Watch timer frequency
Figure 12-2. Watch Timer Circuit Diagram
12-3
WATCH TIMER
S3C9228/P9228
NOTES
12-4
S3C9228/P9228
13
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
OVERVIEW
The S3C9228/P9228 microcontroller can directly drive an up-to-128-dot (16segments x 8 commons) LCD panel.
Its LCD block has the following components:
— LCD controller/driver
— Display RAM for storing display data
— 16 segment output pins (SEG0–SEG15)
— 8 common output pins (COM0–COM7)
— Internal resistor circuit for LCD bias
To use the LCD controller, bit 2 in the watch mode register WMOD must be set to 1 because LCDCK is supplied
by the watch timer.
The LCD mode control register, LMOD, is used to turn the LCD display on or off, to select LCD clock frequency,
to turn the COM signal output on or off, to select bias and duty, and to switch the port 3 high impedance or
normal I/O port. Data written to the LCD display RAM can be transferred to the segment signal pins automatically
without program control.
The LCD port control register, LPOT, is used to determine the LCD signal pins used for display output.
When a sub clock is selected as the LCD clock source, the LCD display is enabled even during main clock stop
and idle modes.
COM0-COM3
Data BUS
4
8
LCD
Controller/
Driver
4
16
COM4/SEG19COM7/SEG16
SEG0/P2.1SEG15/P5.3
Figure 13-1. LCD Function Diagram
13-1
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
S3C9228/P9228
LCD CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
16
Port
Latch
SEG15/P5.3
Display
RAM
(Page1)
SEG
Control
160
16
MUX
or
Data BUS
4
LPOT
8
COM
Control
or
selector
COM
Control
LMOD
LCD
Voltage
Control
Port
Latch
Port 3
Control
2
Figure 13-2. LCD Circuit Diagram
13-2
SEG0/P2.1
fLCD
Timing
Controller
Port
Latch
Selector
COM7/SEG16/P5.4
COM4/SEG19/P5.7
COM3/P6.0
COM0/P6.3
P3.1/INTP/SEG2
P3.0/INTP/SEG3
S3C9228/P9228
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
LCD RAM ADDRESS AREA
RAM addresses of page 1 are used as LCD data memory. When the bit value of a display segment is "1", the
LCD display is turned on; when the bit value is "0", the display is turned off.
Display RAM data are sent out through segment pins SEG0–SEG19 using a direct memory access (DMA)
method that is synchronized with the fLCD signal. RAM addresses in this location that are not used for LCD
display can be allocated to general-purpose use.
SEG0 SEG1 SEG2 SEG3
SEG17 SEG18 SEG19
100H 101H 102H 103H
111H 112H 113H
COM0 b0
COM1 b1
COM2 b2
COM3 b3
COM4 b4
COM5 b5
COM6 b6
COM7 b7
Figure 13-3. LCD Display Data RAM Organization
Table 13-1. Common and Segment Pins per Duty Cycle
Duty
Common Pins
Segment Pins
Dot Number
1/8
COM0–COM7
16 pins
128 dots
1/4
COM0–COM3
20 pins
80 dots
1/3
COM0–COM2
20 pins
60 dots
13-3
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
S3C9228/P9228
LCD MODE CONTROL REGISTER (LMOD)
A LMOD is located in page 0, at address FEH, and is read/write addressable using register addressing mode. It
has the following control functions.
— LCD duty and bias selection
— LCD clock selection
— LCD display control
— COMs signal output control
— P3 high impedance control
The LMOD register is used to turn the LCD display on/off, to select duty and bias, to select LCD clock, to control
port 3 high impedance/normal I/O port, and to turn the COM signal output on/off. Following a RESET, all LMOD
values are cleared to "0". This turns off the LCD display, select 1/3 duty and 1/3 bias, and select 256Hz for LCD
clock.
The LCD clock signal determines the frequency of COM signal scanning of each segment output. This is also
referred as the LCD frame frequency. Since the LCD clock is generated by watch timer clock (fw). The watch
timer should be enabled when the LCD display is turned on.
LCD Mode Control Register (LMOD)
FEH, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
Not used
COM pins high impedance
control bit:
0 = Normal COMs signal output
1 = High impendane COM pins
Port 3 high impendance control bit
0 = Normal I/O
1 = High impendane input
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
LCD clock selection bits:
00 = fw/27 (256 Hz when fw is 32.768 kHz)
01 = fw/26 (512 Hz when fw is 32.768 kHz)
10 = fw/25 (1024 Hz when fw is 32.768 kHz)
11 = fw/24 (2048 Hz when fw is 32.768 kHz)
LCD duty and bias selection bits:
00 = 1/3 duty, 1/3 bias (COM0-COM2, SEG0-SEG19)
01 = 1/4 duty, 1/3 bias (COM0-COM3, SEG0-SEG19)
10 = 1/8 duty, 1/4 bias (COM0-COM7, SEG0-SEG15)
11 = 1/8 duty, 1/5 bias (COM0-COM7, SEG0-SEG15)
LCD display control bit
0 = Display off
1 = Normal display on
Figure 13-4. LCD Mode Control Register (LMOD)
13-4
S3C9228/P9228
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
LCD PORT CONTROL REGISTER
The LCD port control register LPOT is used to control LCD signal pins or normal I/O pins. Following a RESET, a
LPOT values are cleared to "0".
LCD Port Control Register
D8H, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
Not used
.0
LSB
SEG0/P2.1 selection bit:
0 = SEG port
1 = Normal I/O port
SEG4-SEG19 and COM0-COM3 selection bits:
SEG1/P2.0 selection bit:
000 = P4.0-P6.3: LCD signal pins
0 = SEG port
001 = P4.0-P4.3: Normal I/O, P4.4-P6.3: LCD signal pins
1 = Normal I/O port
010 = P4.0-P4.7: Normal I/O, P5.0-P6.3: LCD signal pins
011 = P4.0-P5.3: Normal I/O, P5.4-P6.3: LCD signal pins
SEG2/P3.1 selection bit:
100 = P4.0-P5.7: Normal I/O, P6.0-P6.3: LCD signal pins
0 = SEG port
101 = P4.0-P6.3: Normal I/O
1 = Normal I/O port
110 = Not available
111 = Not available
SEG3/P3.0 selection bit:
0 = SEG port
1 = Normal I/O port
Figure 13-5. LCD Port Control Register
13-5
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
S3C9228/P9228
LCD VOLTAGE DIVIDING RESISTORS
1/5 Bias
1/4 Bias
1/3 Bias
S3C9228/P9228
S3C9228/P9228
S3C9228/P9228
VDD
LMOD.4
VDD
LMOD.4
VLC1
VLC2
VLC3
VLC4
VLC5
VSS
VDD
LMOD.4
VLC1
R
R
R
R
R
VLC2
VLC3
VLC4
VLC5
VSS
VLC1
R
R
R
R
R
VLC2
VLC3
VLC4
VLC5
VSS
R
R
R
R
R
Figure 13-6. Internal Voltage Dividing Resistor Connection
COMMON (COM) SIGNALS
The common signal output pin selection (COM pin selection) varies according to the selected duty cycle.
— In 1/3 duty mode, COM0-COM2 pins are selected
— In 1/4 duty mode, COM0-COM3 pins are selected
— In 1/8 duty mode, COM0-COM7 pins are selected
SEGMENT (SEG) SIGNALS
The 19 LCD segment signal pins are connected to corresponding display RAM locations at page 1. Bits of the
display RAM are synchronized with the common signal output pins.
When the bit value of a display RAM location is "1", a select signal is sent to the corresponding segment pin.
When the display bit is "0", a 'no-select' signal to the corresponding segment pin.
13-6
S3C9228/P9228
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
COM0
COM1
COM2
COM3
COM4
COM5
COM6
COM7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
FR
VDD
VSS
1 Frame
S
E
G
0
S
E
G
1
S
E
G
2
S
E
G
3
S
E
G
4
COM0
VDD
VLC1
VLC2 (VLC3)
VLC4
VSS
COM1
VDD
VLC1
VLC2 (VLC3)
VLC4
VSS
COM2
VDD
VLC1
VLC2 (VLC3)
VLC4
VSS
SEG0
VDD
VLC1
VLC2 (VLC3)
VLC4
VSS
+ VDD
SEG0-COM0
+ 1/4VLCD
0V
- 1/4VLCD
-VLCD
Figure 13-7. LCD Signal Waveforms (1/8 Duty, 1/4 Bias)
13-7
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
S3C9228/P9228
SEG0
SEG1
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
COM0
VDD
VSS
1 Frame
COM1
COM2
COM0
COM3
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
VDD
COM1
COM2
COM3
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
SEG0
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
SEG1
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
+ VLCD
COM0-SEG0
+ 1/3 VLCD
0V
- 1/3 V LCD
- VLCD
Figure 13-8. LCD Signal Waveforms (1/4 Duty, 1/3 Bias)
13-8
S3C9228/P9228
SEG2
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
SEG1
SEG0
0
1
2
0
1
2
COM0
VDD
VSS
1 Frame
COM0
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
COM1
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
COM2
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
SEG0
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
SEG1
VDD
VLC1(VLC2)
VLC3(VLC4)
VSS
COM1
COM2
+ VLCD
COM0-SEG0
+ 1/3 VLCD
0V
- 1/3 VLCD
- VLCD
Figure 13-9. LCD Signal Waveforms (1/3 Duty, 1/3 Bias)
13-9
LCD CONTROLLER/DRIVER
S3C9228/P9228
NOTES
13-10
S3C9228/P9228
14
A/D CONVERTER
10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
OVERVIEW
The 10-bit A/D converter (ADC) module uses successive approximation logic to convert analog levels entering at
one of the four input channels to equivalent 10-bit digital values. The analog input level must lie between the
AVREF and AVSS values. The A/D converter has the following components:
— Analog comparator with successive approximation logic
— D/A converter logic (resistor string type)
— ADC control register (ADCON)
— Four multiplexed analog data input pins (AD0–AD3)
— 10-bit A/D conversion data output register (ADDATAH/ADDATAL)
— 4-bit digital input port (Alternately, I/O port)
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
To initiate an analog-to-digital conversion procedure, at first you must set with alternative function for ADC input
enable at port 1, the pin set with alternative function can be used for ADC analog input. And you write the
channel selection data in the A/D converter control register ADCON.4–.5 to select one of the four analog input
pins (AD0–3) and set the conversion start or enable bit, ADCON.0. The read-write ADCON register is located in
page 0, at address D0H. The pins which are not used for ADC can be used for normal I/O.
During a normal conversion, ADC logic initially sets the successive approximation register to 800H (the
approximate half-way point of an 10-bit register). This register is then updated automatically during each
conversion step. The successive approximation block performs 10-bit conversions for one input channel at a
time. You can dynamically select different channels by manipulating the channel selection bit value (ADCON.5–
4) in the ADCON register. To start the A/D conversion, you should set the enable bit, ADCON.0. When a
conversion is completed, ADCON.3, the end-of-conversion(EOC) bit is automatically set to 1 and the result is
dumped into the ADDATAH/ADDATAL register where it can be read. The A/D converter then enters an idle state.
Remember to read the contents of ADDATAH/ADDATAL before another conversion starts. Otherwise, the
previous result will be overwritten by the next conversion result.
NOTE
Because the A/D converter has no sample-and-hold circuitry, it is very important that fluctuation in the analog
level at the AD0–AD3 input pins during a conversion procedure be kept to an absolute minimum. Any change in
the input level, perhaps due to noise, will invalidate the result. If the chip enters to STOP or IDLE mode in
conversion process, there will be a leakage current path in A/D block. You must use STOP or IDLE mode after
ADC operation is finished.
14-1
A/D CONVERTER
S3C9228/P9228
CONVERSION TIMING
The A/D conversion process requires 4 steps (4 clock edges) to convert each bit and 10 clocks to set-up A/D
conversion. Therefore, total of 50 clocks are required to complete an 10-bit conversion: When fxx/8 is selected
for conversion clock with an 4.5 MHz fxx clock frequency, one clock cycle is 1.78 us. Each bit conversion
requires 4 clocks, the conversion rate is calculated as follows:
4 clocks/bit × 10-bit + set-up time = 50 clocks, 50 clock × 1.78 us = 89 us at 0.56 MHz (4.5 MHz/8)
Note that A/D converter needs at least 25µs for conversion time.
A/D CONVERTER CONTROL REGISTER (ADCON)
The A/D converter control register, ADCON, is located at address D0H in page 0. It has three functions:
— Analog input pin selection (bits 4 and 5)
— End-of-conversion status detection (bit 3)
— ADC clock selection (bits 2 and 1)
— A/D operation start or enable (bit 0 )
After a reset, the start bit is turned off. You can select only one analog input channel at a time. Other analog
input pins (AD0–AD3) can be selected dynamically by manipulating the ADCON.4–5 bits. And the pins not used
for analog input can be used for normal I/O function.
A/D Converter Control Register (ADCON)
D0H, Page0, R/W (EOC bit is read-only)
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
Always logic zero
A/D input pin selection bits:
00 = AD0
01 = AD1
10 = AD2
11 = AD3
End-of-conversion bit
0 = Not complete Conversion
1 = complete Conversion
.2
.1
.0
LSB
Start or enable bit
0 = Disable operation
1 = Start operation
(Automatically disable
the operation after
conversion completes.)
Clock Selection bits:
00 = fxx/16
01 = fxx/8
10 = fxx/4
11 = fxx/1
Figure 14-1. A/D Converter Control Register (ADCON)
14-2
S3C9228/P9228
A/D CONVERTER
Conversion Data Register ADDATAH/ADDATAL
D1H/D2H, Page 0, Read Only
MSB
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
LSB
(ADDATAH)
MSB
-
-
-
-
-
-
.1
.0
LSB
(ADDATAL)
Figure 14-2. A/D Converter Data Register (ADDATAH/ADDATAL)
INTERNAL REFERENCE VOLTAGE LEVELS
In the ADC function block, the analog input voltage level is compared to the reference voltage. The analog input
level must remain within the range VSS to VDD.
Different reference voltage levels are generated internally along the resistor tree during the analog conversion
process for each conversion step. The reference voltage level for the first conversion bit is always 1/2 VDD.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ADCON.2-.1
ADCON.4-5
(Select one input pin of the assigned pins)
Clock
Selector
To ADCON.3
(EOC Flag)
ADCON.0
(AD/C Enable)
M
Input Pins
AD0-AD3
(P1.0-P1.3)
-
..
.
U
Analog
Comparator
+
Successive
Approximation
Logic & Register
X
ADCON.0
(AD/C Enable)
P1CON
(Assign Pins to ADC Input)
10-bit D/A
Converter
VDD
VSS
Conversion Result
(ADDATAH/ADDATAL,
D1H/D2H, Page 0)
Figure 14-3. A/D Converter Functional Block Diagram
14-3
A/D CONVERTER
S3C9228/P9228
VDD
Analog
Input Pin
(VSS ≤ ADC input ≤ VDD)
AD0-AD3
C 101
S3C9228
Figure 14-4. Recommended A/D Converter Circuit for Highest Absolute Accuracy
14-4
S3C9228/P9228
15
SERIAL I/O INTERFACE
SERIAL I/O INTERFACE
OVERVIEW
Serial I/O modules, SIO can interface with various types of external device that require serial data transfer. The
components of SIO function block are:
— 8-bit control register (SIOCON)
— Clock selector logic
— 8-bit data buffer (SIODATA)
— 8-bit prescaler (SIOPS)
— 3-bit serial clock counter
— Serial data I/O pins (SI, SO)
— Serial clock input/output pin (SCK)
The SIO module can transmit or receive 8-bit serial data at a frequency determined by its corresponding control
register settings. To ensure flexible data transmission rates, you can select an internal or external clock source.
PROGRAMMING PROCEDURE
To program the SIO module, follow these basic steps:
1. Configure the I/O pins at port (SCK/SI/SO) by loading the appropriate value to the P2CON register if
necessary.
2. Load an 8-bit value to the SIOCON control register to properly configure the serial I/O module. In this
operation, SIOCON.2 must be set to "1" to enable the data shifter.
3. For interrupt generation, set the serial I/O interrupt enable bit (SIOCON) to "1".
4. When you transmit data to the serial buffer, write data to SIODATA and set SIOCON.3 to 1, the shift
operation starts.
5. When the shift operation (transmit/receive) is completed, the SIO pending bit (INTPND2.2) are set to "1" and
SIO interrupt request is generated.
15-1
SERIAL I/O INTERFACE
S3C9228/P9228
SIO CONTROL REGISTERS (SIOCON)
The control register for serial I/O interface module, SIOCON, is located at E1H in page 0. It has the control
setting for SIO module.
— Clock source selection (internal or external) for shift clock
— Interrupt enable
— Edge selection for shift operation
— Clear 3-bit counter and start shift operation
— Shift operation (transmit) enable
— Mode selection (transmit/receive or receive-only)
— Data direction selection (MSB first or LSB first)
A reset clears the SIOCON value to "00H". This configures the corresponding module with an internal clock
source at the SCK, selects receive-only operating mode, and clears the 3-bit counter. The data shift operation
and the interrupt are disabled. The selected data direction is MSB-first.
Serial I/O Module Control Register (SIOCON)
E1H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
SIO mode selection bit:
0 = Receive only mode
1 = Transmit/receive mode
.0
LSB
Not used
SIO shift clock selection bit:
0 = Internal clock (P.S Clock)
1 = External clock (SCK)
Data direction control bit:
0 = MSB-first mode
1 = LSB-first mode
.1
SIO interrupt enable bit:
0 = Disable SIO interrupt
1 = Enable SIO interrupt
SIO shift operation enable bit:
0 = Disable shifter and clock counter
1 = Enable shifter and clock counter
SIO counter clear and shift start bit:
0 = No action
1 = Clear 3-bit counter and start shifting
Shift clock edge selection bit:
0 = tX at falling edeges, rx at rising edges.
1 = tX at rising edeges, rx at falling edges.
Figure 15-1. Serial I/O Module Control Register (SIOCON)
15-2
S3C9228/P9228
SERIAL I/O INTERFACE
SIO PRE-SCALER REGISTER (SIOPS)
The prescaler register for serial I/O interface module, SIOPS, are located at E3H in page 0.
The value stored in the SIO pre-scale register, SIOPS, lets you determine the SIO clock rate (baud rate) as
follows:
Baud rate = Input clock (fxx/4)/(Prescaler value + 1), or SCK input clock.
SIO Pre-scaler Register (SIOPS)
E3H, Page 0, R/W
MSB
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
LSB
Baud rate = (fXX/4)/(SIOPS + 1)
Figure 15-2. SIO Prescaler Register (SIOPS)
SIO BLOCK DIAGRAM
CLK
SIO INT
3-Bit Counter
Clear
INTPND2.2
Pending
SIOCON.1
(Interrupt Enable)
SIOCON.3
SIOCON.7
SIOCON.4
(Edge Select)
M
SCK
SIOPS (E3H, page 0)
fxx/2
SIOCON.2
(Shift Enable)
8-bit P.S.
U
1/2
X
SIOCON.5
(Mode Select)
CLK 8-Bit SIO Shift Buffer
(SIODATA, E2H, page 0)
8
SO
SIOCON.6
(LSB/MSB First
Mode Select)
SI
Data Bus
Figure 15-3. SIO Functional Block Diagram
15-3
SERIAL I/O INTERFACE
S3C9228/P9228
SERIAL I/O TIMING DIAGRAM (SIO)
SCK
SI
DI7
DI6
DI5
DI4
DI3
DI2
DI1
DI0
SO
DO7
DO6
DO5
DO4
DO3
DO2
DO1
DO0
Transmit
Complete
SIO INT
Set SIOCON.3
Figure 15-4. Serial I/O Timing in Transmit/Receive Mode (Tx at falling, SIOCON.4 = 0)
SCK
SI
DI7
DI6
DI5
DI4
DI3
DI2
DI1
DI0
SO
DO7
DO6
DO5
DO4
DO3
DO2
DO1
DO0
Transmit
Complete
SIO INT
Set SIOCON.3
Figure 15-5. Serial I/O Timing in Transmit/Receive Mode (Tx at rising, SIOCON.4 = 1)
15-4
S3C9228/P9228
16
ELECTRICAL DATA
ELECTRICAL DATA
OVERVIEW
In this chapter, S3C9228/P9228 electrical characteristics are presented in tables and graphs. The information is
arranged in the following order:
— Absolute maximum ratings
— D.C. electrical characteristics
— Data retention supply voltage in Stop mode
— Stop mode release timing when initiated by an external interrupt
— Stop mode release timing when initiated by a Reset
— I/O capacitance
— A.C. electrical characteristics
— A/D converter electrical characteristics
— Input timing for external interrupt
— Input timing for RESET
— Serial data transfer timing
— Oscillation characteristics
— Oscillation stabilization time
— Operating voltage range
16-1
ELECTRICAL DATA
S3C9228/P9228
Table 16-1. Absolute Maximum Ratings
(TA = 25°C)
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Rating
Unit
Supply voltage
VDD
–
– 0.3 to + 6.5
V
Input voltage
VIN
– 0.3 to VDD + 0.3
V
Output voltage
VO
– 0.3 to VDD + 0.3
V
Output current High
I OH
One I/O pin active
– 15
mA
All I/O pins active
– 60
One I/O pin active
+ 30
Total pin current for ports
+ 100
Output current Low
I OL
Ports 0–6
–
mA
Operating
temperature
TA
–
– 25 to + 85
°C
Storage
temperature
TSTG
–
– 65 to + 150
°C
Table 16-2. D.C. Electrical Characteristics
(TA = – 25°C to + 85°C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Parameter
Symbol
Operating Voltage
VDD
Input High
voltage
VIH1
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
2.0
–
5.5
V
–
Ports 4–6
2.7
0.7 VDD
5.5
VDD
V
VIH2
Ports 0–3, RESET
0.8 VDD
VDD
VIH3
XIN, XOUT and XTIN, XTOUT
VDD – 0.1
VDD
VIL1
Ports 4–6
VIL2
Ports 0–3, RESET
VIL3
XIN, XOUT, XTIN, XTOUT
Output High
voltage
VOH
VDD = 4.5 to 5.5 V;
All output ports; IOH = –1 mA
VDD – 1.0
–
VDD
V
Output Low
voltage
VOL
VDD = 4.5 to 5.5 V;
All output ports; IOL = 10 mA
–
–
2.0
V
Input High
leakage current
ILIH1
VI = VDD;
All input pins except XIN, XOUT,
XTIN, XTOUT
–
–
3
µA
ILIH2
VI = VDD;
XIN, XOUT, XTIN, XTOUT
fx = 0.4–4MHz, fxt = 32.8kHz
fx = 0.4–8MHz
Input Low voltage
16-2
–
–
–
0.3 VDD
V
0.2 VDD
0.1
20
S3C9228/P9228
ELECTRICAL DATA
Table 16-2. D.C. Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
(TA = – 25°C to + 85°C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Parameter
Input Low
leakage current
Symbol
ILIL1
Conditions
VI = 0 V;
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
–
–
–3
µA
All input pins except RESET,
XOUT, XTIN, XTOUT
ILIL2
VI = 0 V;
XIN, XOUT, XTIN, XTOUT
Output High
leakage current
ILOH
–
–
3
Output Low
leakage current
ILOL
VO = VDD
All output pins
VO = 0 V
All output pins
–
–
–3
Pull-Up Resistor
RL1
VI = 0 V; VDD = 5V, TA = 25°C
Ports 0–6
25
47
100
VDD = 3V, TA = 25°C
50
90
150
VI = 0 V; VDD = 5V, TA = 25°C
150
250
400
VDD = 3V, TA = 25°C
300
500
700
ROSC1
VDD = 5 V, TA = 25 °C
XIN = VDD, XOUT = 0V
300
600
1500
ROSC2
VDD = 5 V, TA = 25 °C
XTIN = VDD, XTOUT = 0 V
1500
3000
4500
LCD Voltage
Dividing Resistor
RLCD
TA = 25 °C
50
70
90
kΩ
VLCD-COMi
Voltage Drop
(i = 0-7)
VDC
VDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V
- 15 µA per common pin
–
–
120
mV
VLCD-SEGx
Voltage Drop
(x = 0–19)
VDS
VDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V
- 15 µA per common pin
–
–
120
Middle Output
VLC2
VDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V,
LCD clock = 0Hz, VLC1 = VDD
0.8VDD–0.2
0.8VDD
0.8VDD+
0.2
VLC3
0.6VDD–0.2
0.6VDD
0.6VDD+
0.2
VLC4
0.4VDD–0.2
0.4VDD
0.4VDD+
0.2
VLC5
0.2VDD–0.2
0.2VDD
0.2VDD+
0.2
RL2
–20
kΩ
RESET
Oscillator Feed
back Resistors
Voltage
kΩ
V
NOTE: Low leakage current is absolute value.
16-3
ELECTRICAL DATA
S3C9228/P9228
Table 16-2. D.C. Electrical Characteristics (Concluded)
(TA = – 25°C to + 85°C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Parameter
Symbol
Supply current (1)
IDD1
IDD2
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
–
6.0
12.0
mA
Run mode:
VDD = 5 V ± 10%
8.0 MHz
Crystal oscillator
C1 = C2 = 22pF
4.19 MHz
3.0
6.0
VDD = 3 V ± 10%
8.0 MHz
2.5
5.0
4.19 MHz
1.5
3.0
Idle mode:
VDD = 5 V ± 10%
8.0 MHz
1.3
3.0
Crystal oscillator
C1 = C2 = 22pF
4.19 MHz
1.0
2.0
VDD = 3 V ± 10%
8.0 MHz
0.8
1.6
4.19 MHz
0.4
0.8
IDD3
Run mode: VDD = 3 V ± 10%,
32 kHz crystal oscillator
15
30
IDD4
Idle mode: VDD = 3 V ± 10%,
32 kHz crystal oscillator
6
15
IDD5
Stop mode; VDD = 5 V ± 10%,
0.5
3
Stop mode; VDD = 3 V ± 10%,
0.3
2
µA
TA = 25 °C
TA = 25 °C
NOTES:
1. Supply current does not include current drawn through internal pull-up resistors, LCD voltage dividing resistors, and
ADC.
2. IDD1 and IDD2 include power consumption for subsystem clock oscillation.
3. IDD3 and IDD4 are current when main system clock oscillation stops and the subsystem clock is used.
4. IDD5 is current when main system clock and subsystem clock oscillation stops.
16-4
S3C9228/P9228
ELECTRICAL DATA
Table 16-3. Data Retention Supply Voltage in Stop Mode
(TA = – 25 °C to + 85 °C)
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Data retention supply
voltage
VDDDR
–
2.0
–
5.5
V
Data retention supply
current
IDDDR
–
–
1
µA
Stop mode, TA = 25 °C
VDDDR = 2.0 V
Idle Mode
(Basic Timer Active)
~
~
Stop Mode
Normal
Operating Mode
Data Retention Mode
~
~
VDD
VDDDR
Execution of
STOP Instruction
0.8 VDD
tWAIT
NOTE:
tWAIT is the same as 16 x 1/BT clock.
Figure 16-1. Stop Mode Release Timing When Initiated by an External Interrupt
16-5
ELECTRICAL DATA
S3C9228/P9228
RESET
Occurs
Oscillation
Stabilization
TIme
~
~
Stop Mode
Normal
Operating Mode
Data Retention Mode
~
~
VDD
VDDDR
Execution of
STOP Instrction
RESET
0.8 VDD
0.2 VDD
NOTE:
tWAIT
tWAIT is the same as 16 × 1/BT clock.
Figure 16-2. Stop Mode Release Timing When Initiated by a RESET
Table 16-4. Input/Output Capacitance
(TA = 25 °C, VDD = 0 V)
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Input
capacitance
CIN
f = 1 MHz; unmeasured pins
are connected to VSS
–
–
10
pF
Output
capacitance
COUT
I/O capacitance
16-6
CIO
S3C9228/P9228
ELECTRICAL DATA
Table 16-5. A.C. Electrical Characteristics
(TA = – 25°C to + 85°C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Parameter
SCK cycle time
SCK high, low width
SI setup time to SCK
high
SI hold time to SCK high
Output delay for SCK to
SO
Symbol
tKCY
tKH, tKL
tSIK
tKSI
tKSO
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
External SCK source
1,000
–
–
ns
Internal SCK source
1,000
External SCK source
500
Internal SCK source
tKCY/2–50
External SCK source
250
Internal SCK source
250
External SCK source
400
Internal SCK source
400
External SCK source
–
–
300
ns
Internal SCK source
250
Interrupt input, High,
Low width
tINTH,
tINTL
All interrupt
VDD = 3 V
500
700
–
ns
RESET input Low width
tRSL
Input
VDD = 3 V
10
–
–
µs
16-7
ELECTRICAL DATA
S3C9228/P9228
Table 16-6. A/D Converter Electrical Characteristics
(TA = – 25°C to + 85°C, VDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V, VSS = 0 V)
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
–
10
–
bit
VDD = 5.12 V
–
–
±3
LSB
Resolution
Total accuracy
Integral linearity error
ILE
fxx = 8 MHz
–
–
±2
Differential linearity error
DLE
f CON = fxx/4
–
–
±1
Offset error of top
EOT
–
±1
±3
Offset error of bottom
EOB
–
±0.5
±2
Conversion time (1)
TCON
25
–
–
µS
Analog input voltage
VIAN
–
VSS
–
VDD
V
Analog input impedance
RAN
–
2
1000
–
MΩ
Analog input current
IADIN
VDD = 5 V
–
–
10
µA
IADC
VDD = 5 V
–
1
3
mA
VDD = 3 V
0.5
1.5
VDD = 5 V
When power down mode
100
500
10-bit resolution
50 × fxx/4, fxx = 8MHz
NOTES:
1. 'Conversion time' is the time required from the moment a conversion operation starts until it ends.
2. IADC is an operating current during A/D conversion.
tINTL
External
Interrupt
tINTH
0.8 VDD
0.2 VDD
NOTE:
The unit tCPU means one CPU clock period.
Figure 16-3. Input Timing for External Interrupts
16-8
nA
S3C9228/P9228
ELECTRICAL DATA
tRSL
RESET
0.2 VDD
Figure 16-4. Input Timing for RESET
tKCY
tKL
tKH
SCK
0.8VDD
0.2VDD
tSIK
tKSI
0.8VDD
SI
0.2VDD
tKSO
SO
Output Data
Figure 16-5. Serial Data Transfer Timing
16-9
ELECTRICAL DATA
S3C9228/P9228
Table 16-7. Main Oscillation Characteristics
(TA = – 25°C to + 85°C)
Oscillator
Clock Configuration
Crystal
C1
XIN
Parameter
Test Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
2.7 V – 5.5 V
0.4
–
8
MHz
2.0 V – 5.5 V
0.4
–
4
2.7 V – 5.5 V
0.4
–
8
2.0 V – 5.5 V
0.4
–
4
2.7 V – 5.5 V
0.4
–
8
2.0 V – 5.5 V
0.4
–
4
Frequency
5.0 V
0.4
–
2
Frequency
3.0 V
0.4
–
1
Main oscillation
frequency
XOUT
Ceramic
Oscillator
C1
XIN
Main oscillation
frequency
XOUT
XIN input frequency
External
Clock
XIN
XOUT
RC
Oscillator
MHz
XIN
R
XOUT
Table 16-8. Sub Oscillation Characteristics
(TA = – 25°C to + 85°C)
Oscillator
Crystal
Clock Configuration
C1
XIN
Parameter
Test Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Sub oscillation
frequency
2.0 V – 5.5 V
32
32.768
35
kHz
XTIN input
frequency
2.0 V – 5.5 V
32
–
100
XOUT
External
clock
XIN
XOUT
16-10
S3C9228/P9228
ELECTRICAL DATA
Table 16-9. Main Oscillation Stabilization Time
(TA = – 25 °C to + 85 °C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Oscillator
Test Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Crystal
fx > 1 MHz
–
–
30
ms
Ceramic
Oscillation stabilization occurs when VDD is
equal to the minimum oscillator voltage
ranage.
–
–
10
ms
External clock
XIN input high and low width (tXH, tXL)
62.5
–
1250
ns
1/fx
tXL
tX
XIN
VDD-0.1 V
0.1 V
Figure 16-6. Clock Timing Measurement at XIN
16-11
ELECTRICAL DATA
S3C9228/P9228
Table 16-10. Sub Oscillation Stabilization Time
(TA = – 25 °C to + 85 °C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Oscillator
Test Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
–
–
–
10
s
5
–
15
µs
Crystal
External clock
XTIN input high and low width (tXH, tXL)
1/fxt
tXTL
tXTH
XTIN
VDD-0.1 V
0.1 V
Figure 16-7. Clock Timing Measurement at XTIN
16-12
S3C9228/P9228
ELECTRICAL DATA
Instruction Clock
fx (Main/Sub oscillation frequency)
2 MHz
8 MHz
1.0 MHz
4 MHz
400 kHz
6.25 kHz (main)/8.2 kHz(sub)
400 kHz (main)/32.8 kHz(sub)
1
2
2.7
5.5
6
Supply Voltage (V)
Instruction Clock = 1/4n x oscillator frequency (n = 1, 2, 8, 16)
Figure 16-8. Operating Voltage Range
16-13
ELECTRICAL DATA
S3C9228/P9228
NOTES
16-14
S3C9228/P9228
17
MECHANICAL DATA
MECHANICAL DATA
OVERVIEW
The S3C9228/P9228 microcontroller is currently available in a 42-pin SDIP and 44-pin QFP package.
#22
0.2
5
42-SDIP-600
+0
- 0 .1
.05
0-15
15.24
14.00 ± 0.2
#42
(1.77)
NOTE:
1.00 ±
0.1
5.08 MAX
39.10 ± 0.2
0.1
3.30 ± 0.3
0.2
39.50 MAX
0.50 ±
3.50 ±
#21
0.51 MIN
#1
1.78
Dimensions are in millimeters.
Figure 17-1. 42-SDIP-600 Package Dimensions
17-1
MECHANICAL DATA
S3C9228/P9228
13.20 ± 0.3
0-8
10.00 ± 0.2
10.00 ± 0.2
+ 0.10
- 0.05
0.10 MAX
44-QFP-1010B
0.80 ± 0.20
13.20 ± 0.3
0.15
#44
#1
+ 0.10
0.35 - 0.05
0.80
0.05 MIN
(1.00)
2.05 ± 0.10
2.30 MAX
NOTE: Dimensions are in millimeters.
Figure 17-2. 44-QFP-1010B Package Dimensions
17-2
S3C9228/P9228
S3P9228 OTP
18
S3P9228 OTP
OVERVIEW
The S3P9228 single-chip CMOS microcontroller is the OTP (One Time Programmable) version of the S3C9228
microcontroller. It has an on-chip OTP ROM instead of masked ROM. The EPROM is accessed by serial data
format.
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
P0.5
P0.4
P0.3/BUZ/INT
P0.2/INT
P0.1/T1CLK/INT
P0.0/TAOUT/INT
COM0/P6.3
COM1/P6.2
COM2/P6.1
COM3/P6.0
COM4/SEG19/P5.7
The S3P9228 is fully compatible with the S3C9228, both in function and in pin configuration. Because of its
simple programming requirements, the S3P9228 is ideal for use as an evaluation chip for the S3C9228.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
S3C9228
(44-QFP)
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
COM5/SEG18/P5.6
COM6/SEG17/P5.5
COM7/SEG16/P5.4
SEG15/P5.3
SEG14/P5.2
SEG13/P5.1
SEG12/P5.0
SEG11/P4.7
SEG10/P4.6
SEG9/P4.5
SEG8/P4.4
RESET/RESET
RESET
P2.3
P2.2/SI
SEG0/P2.1/SO
SEG1/P2.0/SCK
SEG2/P3.1/INTP
SEG3/P3.0/INTP
SEG4/P4.0
SEG5/P4.1
SEG6/P4.2
SEG7/P4.3
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
P1.0/AD0/INT
P1.1/AD1/INT
SDAT/P1.2/AD2/INT
SCLK/P1.3/AD3/INT
VDD/VDD
VSS/VSS
XOUT
XIN
VPP/TEST
XTIN
XTOUT
Figure 18-1. S3P9228 44-QFP Pin Assignments
18-1
S3P9228 OTP
S3C9228/P9228
S3C9228
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
(42-SDIP)
COM1/P6.2
COM0/P6.3
P0.0/TAOUT/INT
P0.1/T1CLK/INT
P0.2/INT
P0.3/BUZ/INT
P1.0/AD0/INT
P1.1/AD1/INT
SDAT/P1.2/AD2/INT
SCLK/P1.3/AD3/INT
VDD/VDD
VSS/VSS
XOUT
XIN
VPP/TEST
XTIN
XTOUT
RESET /RESET
P2.3
P2.2/SI
SEG0/P2.1/SO
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
COM2/P6.1
COM3/P6.0
COM4/SEG19/P5.7
COM5/SEG18/P5.6
COM6/SEG17/P5.5
COM7/SEG16/P5.4
SEG15/P5.3
SEG14/P5.2
SEG13/P5.1
SEG12/P5.0
SEG11/P4.7
SEG10/P4.6
SEG9/P4.5
SEG8/P4.4
SEG7/P4.3
SEG6/P4.2
SEG5/P4.1
SEG4/P4.0
SEG3/P3.0/INTP
SEG2/P3.1/INTP
SEG1/P2.0/SCK
Figure 18-2. S3P9228 42-SDIP Pin Assignments
18-2
S3C9228/P9228
S3P9228 OTP
Table 18-1. Descriptions of Pins Used to Read/Write the EPROM
Main Chip
During Programming
Pin Name
Pin Name
Pin No.
I/O
Function
P1.2
SDAT
3 (9)
I/O
Serial data pin. Output port when reading and
input port when writing. Can be assigned as a
Input/push-pull output port.
P1.3
SCLK
4 (10)
I/O
Serial clock pin. Input only pin.
TEST
VPP(TEST)
9 (15)
I
Power supply pin for EPROM cell writing
(indicates that OTP enters into the writing
mode). When 12.5 V is applied, OTP is in
writing mode and when 5 V is applied, OTP is in
reading mode. (Option)
RESET
RESET
12 (18)
I
Chip initialization
VDD/VSS
VDD/VSS
5/6 (11/12)
I
Logic power supply pin. VDD should be tied to
+ 5 V during programming.
NOTE: Parentheses indicate pin number for 42-SDIP package.
Table 18-2. Comparison of S3P9228 and S3C9228 Features
Characteristic
S3P9228
S3C9228
Program Memory
8 Kbyte EPROM
8 Kbyte mask ROM
Operating Voltage (VDD)
2.0 V to 5.5 V
2.0 V to 5.5 V
OTP Programming Mode
VDD = 5 V, VPP(TEST)=12.5V
Pin Configuration
44-QFP, 42-SDIP
44-QFP, 42-SDIP
EPROM Programmability
User Program 1 time
Programmed at the factory
OPERATING MODE CHARACTERISTICS
When 12.5 V is supplied to the VPP(TEST) pin of the S3P72C8, the EPROM programming mode is entered.
The operating mode (read, write, or read protection) is selected according to the input signals to the pins listed in
Table 17-3 below.
Table 18-3. Operating Mode Selection Criteria
VDD
VPP (TEST)
REG/MEM
Address
(A15-A0)
R/W
Mode
5V
5V
0
0000H
1
EPROM read
12.5 V
0
0000H
0
EPROM program
12.5 V
0
0000H
1
EPROM verify
12.5 V
1
0E3FH
0
EPROM read protection
NOTE: "0" means Low level; "1" means High level.
18-3
S3P9228 OTP
S3C9228/P9228
Table 18-4. D.C. Electrical Characteristics
(TA = – 25°C to + 85°C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Parameter
Symbol
Supply current (1)
IDD1
IDD2
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
–
6.0
12.0
mA
Run mode:
VDD = 5 V ± 10%
8.0 MHz
Crystal oscillator
C1 = C2 = 22pF
4.19 MHz
3.0
6.0
VDD = 3 V ± 10%
8.0 MHz
2.5
5.0
4.19 MHz
1.5
3.0
Idle mode:
VDD = 5 V ± 10%
8.0 MHz
1.3
3.0
Crystal oscillator
C1 = C2 = 22pF
4.19 MHz
1.0
2.0
VDD = 3 V ± 10%
8.0 MHz
0.8
1.6
4.19 MHz
0.4
0.8
IDD3
Run mode: VDD = 3 V ± 10%,
32 kHz crystal oscillator
15
30
IDD4
Idle mode: VDD = 3 V ± 10%,
32 kHz crystal oscillator
6
15
IDD5
Stop mode; VDD = 5 V ± 10%,
0.5
3
Stop mode; VDD = 3 V ± 10%,
0.3
2
µA
TA = 25 °C
TA = 25 °C
NOTES:
1. Supply current does not include current drawn through internal pull-up resistors, LCD voltage dividing resistors, and
ADC.
2. IDD1 and IDD2 include power consumption for subsystem clock oscillation.
3. IDD3 and IDD4 are current when main system clock oscillation stops and the subsystem clock is used.
4. IDD5 is current when main system clock and subsystem clock oscillation stops.
18-4
S3C9228/P9228
S3P9228 OTP
Instruction Clock
fx (Main/Sub oscillation frequency)
2 MHz
8 MHz
1.0 MHz
4 MHz
400 kHz
6.25 kHz (main)/8.2 kHz(sub)
400 kHz (main)/32.8 kHz(sub)
1
2
2.7
5.5
6
Supply Voltage (V)
Instruction Clock = 1/4n x oscillator frequency (n = 1, 2, 8, 16)
Figure 18-3. Standard Operating Voltage Range
18-5
S3P9228 OTP
S3C9228/P9228
NOTES
18-6
S3C9228/P9228
19
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
OVERVIEW
Samsung provides a powerful and easy-to-use development support system in turn key form. The development
support system is configured with a host system, debugging tools, and support software. For the host system, any
standard computer that operates with MS-DOS as its operating system can be used. One type of debugging tool
including hardware and software is provided: the sophisticated and powerful in-circuit emulator, SMDS2+, for
S3C7, S3C8, S3C9 families of microcontrollers. The SMDS2+ is a new and improved version of SMDS2.
Samsung also offers support software that includes debugger, assembler, and a program for setting options.
SHINE
Samsung Host Interface for In-Circuit Emulator, SHINE, is a multi-window based debugger for SMDS2+. SHINE
provides pull-down and pop-up menus, mouse support, function/hot keys, and context-sensitive hyper-linked
help. It has an advanced, multiple-windowed user interface that emphasizes ease of use. Each window can be
sized, moved, scrolled, highlighted, added, or removed completely.
SAMA ASSEMBLER
The Samsung Arrangeable Microcontroller (SAM) Assembler, SAMA, is a universal assembler, and generates
object code in standard hexadecimal format. Assembled program code includes the object code that is used for
ROM data and required SMDS program control data. To assemble programs, SAMA requires a source file and
an auxiliary definition (DEF) file with device specific information.
SASM86
The SASM86 is an relocatable assembler for Samsung's S3C9-series microcontrollers. The SASM86 takes a
source file containing assembly language statements and translates into a corresponding source code, object
code and comments. The SASM86 supports macros and conditional assembly. It runs on the MS-DOS operating
system. It produces the relocatable object code only, so the user should link object file. Object files can be linked
with other object files and loaded into memory.
HEX2ROM
HEX2ROM file generates ROM code from HEX file which has been produced by assembler. ROM code must be
needed to fabricate a microcontroller which has a mask ROM. When generating the ROM code (.OBJ file) by
HEX2ROM, the value “FF” is filled into the unused ROM area up to the maximum ROM size of the target device
automatically.
TARGET BOARDS
Target boards are available for all S3C9-series microcontrollers. All required target system cables and adapters
are included with the device-specific target board.
19-1
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
S3C9228/P9228
IBM-PC AT or Compatible
RS-232C
SMDS2+
Target
Application
System
PROM/OTP Writer Unit
RAM Break/Display Unit
BUS
Probe
Adapter
Trace/Timer Unit
SAM8 Base Unit
Power Supply Unit
POD
TB9228
Target
Board
EVA
Chip
Figure 19-1. SMDS Product Configuration (SMDS2+)
19-2
S3C9228/P9228
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
TB9228 TARGET BOARD
The TB9228 target board is used for the S3C9228 microcontroller. It is supported by the SMDS2+ development
system.
TB9228
To User_VCC
OFF
REV.0
'2002.03.30
ON
STOP
R5
R4
VCC
C11
C1
D1
R1
+
IDLE
+
RESET
U2
C20
R7
T1T2 T3T4
C3
C4
C5
C6
CB+
C7
25
GND
R8
Y1
20
30
C10
C9
J1
20
10
J101
42SDIP
1
1
160
CN1
10
50
150
60
140
70
130
T16
T15
T14
T13
T12
T11
T10
T9
J102
44QFP
1
44
42
40
5
40
10
35
15
30
20
25
22
23
5
35
10
80
30
90
15
C14
1
51
76 26
25
21
22
P2
SMDS2
100 110 120
SMDS2+
SM1347A
Figure 19-2. TB9228 Target Board Configuration
19-3
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
S3C9228/P9228
Table 19-1. Power Selection Settings for TB9228
"To User_VCC"
Settings
Operating Mode
Comments
To User_VCC
Off
On
TB9228
VCC
Target
System
The SMDS2/SMDS2+
supplies VCC to the target
board (evaluation chip) and
the target system.
VSS
VCC
SMDS2/SMDS2+
To User_VCC
Off
On
TB9228
External
VCC
VSS
Target
System
The SMDS2/SMDS2+
supplies VCC only to the target
board (evaluation chip). The
target system must have its
own power supply.
VCC
SMDS2/SMDS2+
NOTE: The following symbol in the "To User_VCC" Setting column indicates the electrical short (off) configuration:
19-4
S3C9228/P9228
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
SMDS2+ Selection (SAM8)
In order to write data into program memory that is available in SMDS2+, the target board should be selected to
be for SMDS2+ through a switch as follows. Otherwise, the program memory writing function is not available.
Table 19-2. The SMDS2+ Tool Selection Setting
"SW1" Setting
SMDS2
Operating Mode
SMDS2+
R/W
R/W
Target
Board
SMDS2+
Table 19-3. Using Single Header Pins as the Input Path for External Trigger Sources
Target Board Part
Comments
Connector from
External Trigger
Sources of the
Application System
External
Triggers
Ch1
Ch2
You can connect an external trigger source to one of the two external
trigger channels (CH1 or CH2) for the SMDS2+ breakpoint and trace
functions.
IDLE LED
The Green LED is ON when the evaluation chip (S3E9220) is in idle mode.
STOP LED
The Red LED is ON when the evaluation chip (S3E9220) is in stop mode.
19-5
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
S3C9228/P9228
J101
42-SDIP
P6.2
P6.3
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
USER_VCC
VSS
NC
NC
VSS
NC
NC
DEMO_RSTB
P2.3
P2.2
P2.1
NC
NC
NC
NC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
43
44
45
46
J102
44-QFP
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
50
49
48
47
P6.1
P6.0
P5.7
P5.6
P5.5
P5.4
P5.3
P5.2
P5.1
P5.0
P4.7
P4.6
P4.5
P4.4
P4.3
P4.2
P4.1
P4.0
P3.0
P3.1
P2.0
NC
NC
NC
NC
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
USER_VCC
VSS
NC
NC
VSS
NC
NC
DEMO_RSTB
P2.3
P2.2
P2.1
P2.0
P3.1
P3.0
P4.0
P4.1
P4.2
P4.3
NC
NC
NC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
45
46
47
Figure 19-3. Connectors (J101, J102) for TB9228
19-6
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
50
49
48
P0.5
P0.4
P0.3
P0.2
P0.1
P0.0
P6.3
P6.2
P6.1
P6.0
P5.7
P5.6
P5.5
P5.4
P5.3
P5.2
P5.1
P5.0
P4.7
P4.6
P4.5
P4.4
NC
NC
NC
S3C9228/P9228
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
Target Board
Target System
J101
50-Pin DIP Connector
1
J101
42
1
42
21
22
Target Cable for Connector
Part Name: AP42SD
Order Code: SM6538
21
22
Figure 19-4. S3C9228 Probe Adapter for 42-SDIP Package
Target Board
Target System
J102
44
1
44
22
23
Target Cable for 50-pin Connector
Part Name: AP50D-A
Order Code: SM6305
22
23
50-Pin Connector
50-Pin Connector
1
J102
Figure 19-5. S3C9228 Probe Adapter for 44-QFP Package
19-7
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
S3C9228/P9228
NOTES
19-8