FOD2712A Optically Isolated Error Amplifier Features Description ■ Optocoupler, precision reference and error amplifier in The FOD2712A Optically Isolated Amplifier consists of the popular AZ431L precision programmable shunt reference and an optocoupler. The optocoupler is a gallium arsenide (GaAs) light emitting diode optically coupled to a silicon phototransistor. The reference voltage tolerance is 1%. The current transfer ratio (CTR) ranges from 100% to 200%. ■ ■ ■ ■ single package 1.240V ± 1% reference CTR 100% to 200% 2,500V RMS isolation UL approval E90700 It is primarily intended for use as the error amplifier/ reference voltage/optocoupler function in isolated AC to DC power supplies and dc/dc converters. Applications ■ Power system for workstations ■ Telecom central office supply When using the FOD2712A, power supply designers can reduce the component count and save space in tightly packaged designs. The tight tolerance reference eliminates the need for adjustments in many applications. ■ Telecom bricks The device comes in a compact 8-pin small outline package. Schematic NC 1 Package Outline 8 LED C 2 7 FB E 3 6 COMP NC 4 ©2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FOD2712A Rev. 1.0.1 5 GND www.fairchildsemi.com FOD2712A — Optically Isolated Error Amplifier December 2010 Pin Number Pin Name 1 NC 2 C Phototransistor Collector 3 E Phototransistor Emitter 4 NC 5 GND 6 COMP 7 FB 8 LED Functional Description Not connected Not connected Ground Error Amplifier Compensation. This pin is the output of the error amplifier.* Voltage Feedback. This pin is the inverting input to the error amplifier Anode LED. This pin is the input to the light emitting diode. *The compensation network must be attached between pins 6 and 7. Typical Application V1 FAN4803 PWM Control VO FOD2712A 2 8 6 3 7 5 ©2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FOD2712A Rev. 1.0.1 R1 R2 www.fairchildsemi.com 2 FOD2712A — Optically Isolated Error Amplifier Pin Definitions Stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. The device may not function or be operable above the recommended operating conditions and stressing the parts to these levels is not recommended. In addition, extended exposure to stresses above the recommended operating conditions may affect device reliability. The absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only. Symbol Parameter Value Units TSTG Storage Temperature -40 to +125 °C TOPR Operating Temperature -40 to +85 °C 13.2 V Reflow Temperature Profile (refer to 15) VLED Input Voltage ILED Input DC Current 20 mA VCEO Collector-Emitter Voltage 30 V VECO Emitter-Collector Voltage 7 V Collector Current 50 mA PD1 IC Input Power Dissipation(1) 145 mW PD2 Transistor Power Dissipation(2) 85 mW 145 mW PD3 Total Power Dissipation(3) Notes: 1. Derate linearly from 25°C at a rate of 2.42mW/°C 2. Derate linearly from 25°C at a rate of 1.42mW/°C. 3. Derate linearly from 25°C at a rate of 2.42mW/°C. ©2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FOD2712A Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 3 FOD2712A — Optically Isolated Error Amplifier Absolute Maximum Ratings (TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified) Input Characteristics Symbol VF VREF Parameter LED Forward Voltage ILED = 10mA, VCOMP = VFB (Fig.1) Reference Voltage -40°C to +85°C 25°C VCOMP = VFB, ILED = 10mA (Fig.1) VREF (DEV) Deviation of VREF over temperature See Note 1 ∆VREF ∆VCOMP Test Conditions Min. 1.221 1.228 TA = -40 to +85°C Ratio of Vref Variation to the Output of the ILED = 10 mA, Error Amplifier VCOMP = VREF to 12V (Fig. 2) Typ. Max. Unit 1.5 V 1.259 V 1.240 1.252 4 12 mV -1.5 -2.7 mV/V Feedback Input Current ILED = 10mA, R1 = 10kΩ (Fig. 3) 0.15 0.5 µA IREF (DEV) Deviation of IREF Over Temperature See Note 1 TA = -40 to +85°C 0.15 0.3 µA ILED (MIN) Minimum Drive Current VCOMP = VFB (Fig.1) 55 80 µA I(OFF) Off-state Error Amplifier Current VLED = 6V, VFB = 0 (Fig.4) 0.001 0.1 µA |ZOUT| Error Amplifier Output Impedance See Note 2 VCOMP = VFB, ILED = 0.1mA to 15mA, f < 1kHZ 0.25 IREF Ω Notes: 1. The deviation parameters VREF(DEV) and IREF(DEV) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, ∆VREF, is defined as: 6 { V REF ( DEV ) /V REF ( T A = 25°C ) } × 10 ∆V REF ( ppm/°C ) = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------∆T A where ∆TA is the rated operating free-air temperature range of the device. 2. The dynamic impedance is defined as |ZOUT| = ∆VCOMP/∆ILED. When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 2), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: ∆V R1 Z OUT, TOT = -------- ≈ Z OUT × 1 + -------∆I R2 ©2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FOD2712A Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 4 FOD2712A — Optically Isolated Error Amplifier Electrical Characteristics (VCC = 12V, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified) Output Characteristics Symbol ICEO Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 50 nA Collector Dark Current VCE = 10V (Fig. 5) BVCEO Collector-Emitter Voltage Breakdown IC = 1.0mA 70 V BVECO Emitter-Collector Voltage Breakdown IE = 100µA 7 V Transfer Characteristics Symbol CTR VCE (SAT) Parameter Test Conditions Current Transfer Ratio ILED = 10mA, VCOMP = VFB, VCE = 5V (Fig. 6) Collector-Emitter Saturation Voltage ILED = 10mA, VCOMP = VFB, IC = 2.5mA (Fig. 6) Min. Typ. 100 Max. Unit 200 % 0.4 V Max. Unit 1.0 µA Isolation Characteristics Symbol II-O Parameter Test Conditions Input-Output Insulation Leakage Current RH = 45%, TA = 25°C, t = 5s, VI-O = 3000 VDC (Note 1) VISO Withstand Insulation Voltage RH ≤ 50%, TA = 25°C, t = 1 min. (Note 1) RI-O Resistance (Input to Output) VI-O = 500 VDC (Note 1) Min. Typ. 2500 Vrms 1012 Ω Switching Characteristics Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit Bandwidth Fig. 7 10 kHz CMH Common Mode Transient Immunity at Output HIGH ILED = 0mA, Vcm = 10 VPP RL = 2.2kΩ (Fig. 8) (Note 2) 1.0 kV/µs CML Common Mode Transient Immunity at Output LOW ILED = 10mA, Vcm = 10 VPP RL = 2.2kΩ (Fig. 8) (Note 2) 1.0 kV/µs BW Notes: 1. Device is considered as a two terminal device: Pins 1, 2, 3 and 4 are shorted together and Pins 5, 6, 7 and 8 are shorted together. 2. Common mode transient immunity at output high is the maximum tolerable (positive) dVcm/dt on the leading edge of the common mode impulse signal, Vcm, to assure that the output will remain high. Common mode transient immunity at output low is the maximum tolerable (negative) dVcm/dt on the trailing edge of the common pulse signal,Vcm, to assure that the output will remain low. ©2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FOD2712A Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 5 FOD2712A — Optically Isolated Error Amplifier Electrical Characteristics (VCC = 12V, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified) (Continued) I(LED) I(LED) 8 8 2 2 VF 6 R1 3 V 7 V 6 3 7 VCOMP R2 VREF VREF 5 5 Figure 2. ∆VREF/∆VCOMP Test Circuit Figure 1. VREF, VF, ILED (min) Test Circuit I(LED) I(OFF) 8 2 8 2 IREF 6 6 3 7 V 3 V(LED) 7 V R1 5 5 Figure 4. I(OFF) Test Circuit Figure 3. IREF Test Circuit 8 I(LED) ICEO 8 2 VCE 6 I(C) 2 VCE 6 3 7 V 3 7 VCOMP VREF 5 5 Figure 5. ICEO Test Circuit ©2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FOD2712A Rev. 1.0.1 Figure 6. CTR, VCE(sat) Test Circuit www.fairchildsemi.com 6 FOD2712A — Optically Isolated Error Amplifier Test Circuits VCC = +5V DC IF = 10 mA RL 1 47Ω 8 1µf VOUT 2 7 VIN 0.47V 0.1 VPP 3 6 4 5 Figure 7. Frequency Response Test Circuit VCC = +5V DC IF = 0 mA (A) IF = 10 mA (B) R1 2.2kΩ VOUT 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 _ A B VCM + 10VP-P Figure 8. CMH and CML Test Circuit ©2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FOD2712A Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 7 FOD2712A — Optically Isolated Error Amplifier Test Circuits (Continued) Fig. 9a LED Current vs. Cathode Voltage Fig. 9b LED Current vs. Cathode Voltage 10 150 TA = 25°C VCOMP = VFB ILED – SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) ILED – SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 15 5 0 -5 -10 120 TA = 25°C VCOMP = VFB 90 60 30 0 -30 -60 -90 -120 -15 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 -150 -1.0 1.5 -0.5 VCOMP – CATHODE VOLTAGE (V) Fig. 10 Reference Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature 1.0 1.5 350 IREF – REFERENCE CURRENT (nA) ILED = 10mA VREF – REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) 0.5 Fig. 11 Reference Current vs. Ambient Temperature 1.254 1.248 1.242 1.236 1.230 -40 0.0 VCOMP – CATHODE VOLTAGE (V) -20 0 20 40 60 300 250 200 150 100 50 -40 80 ILED = 10mA R1 = 10kΩ -20 TA – AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 20 40 60 80 100 TA – AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) Fig. 12 Off Current vs. Ambient Temperature I(OFF) – OFF CURRENT (nA) 100 VLED = 13.2V VFB = 0 10 1 0.1 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TA – AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) ©2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FOD2712A Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 8 FOD2712A — Optically Isolated Error Amplifier Typical Performance Curves Fig.13 LED Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage Fig.14 Dark Current vs. Temperature VCE = 10V 1000 ICEO – DARK CURRENT (nA) ILED – FORWARD CURRENT (mA) 20 15 70°C 10 25°C 0°C 5 0 0.95 100 10 1 0.1 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 -40 -20 0 VF – FORWARD VOLTAGE (V) Fig. 15 Collector Current vs. Ambient Temperature (IC/IF) – CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (%) IC – COLLECTOR CURRENT (mA) VCE = 5V 25 ILED = 20mA 20 ILED = 10mA 10 ILED = 5mA 5 ILED = 1mA 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 40 60 80 100 Fig. 16 Current Transfer Ratio vs. LED Current 30 15 20 TA – AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 80 100 160 VCE = 5V 140 120 100 0°C 80 25°C 70°C 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 ILED – FORWARD CURRENT (mA) TA – AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) Fig. 17 Saturation Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature VCE (sat) – SATURATION VOLTAGE (V) 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TA – AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) ©2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FOD2712A Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 9 FOD2712A — Optically Isolated Error Amplifier Typical Performance Curves (Continued) Fig. 19 Delta VREF/Delta VCOMP vs. Ambient Temperature Fig. 18 Collector Current vs. Collector Voltage 1 TA = 25°C 40 DELTA VREF/DELTA VCOMP (mV/V) IC – COLLECTOR CURRENT (mA) 45 35 ILED = 20 mA 30 25 20 ILED = 10 mA 15 10 ILED = 5 mA 5 0 -1 ILED = 1 mA -2 -40 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -20 VCE – COLLECTOR-EMITTER VOLTAGE (V) 0 20 40 60 80 100 TA – AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) Fig. 20 Voltage Gain vs. Frequency VOLTAGE GAIN, A(Vo/Vin) dB 0 100Ω 500Ω -5 -10 -15 10 RL=1kΩ 100 1000 FREQUENCY kHz ©2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FOD2712A Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 10 FOD2712A — Optically Isolated Error Amplifier Typical Performance Curves (Continued) Compensation The FOD2712A is an optically isolated error amplifier. It incorporates three of the most common elements necessary to make an isolated power supply, a reference voltage, an error amplifier, and an optocoupler. It is functionally equivalent to the popular AZ431L shunt voltage regulator plus the CNY17F-3 optocoupler. The compensation pin of the FOD2712A provides the opportunity for the designer to design the frequency response of the converter. A compensation network may be placed between the COMP pin and the FB pin. In typical low-bandwidth systems, a 0.1µF capacitor may be used. For converters with more stringent requirements, a network should be designed based on measurements of the system’s loop. An excellent reference for this process may be found in “Practical Design of Power Supplies” by Ron Lenk, IEEE Press, 1998. Powering the Secondary Side The LED pin in the FOD2712A powers the secondary side, and in particular provides the current to run the LED. The actual structure of the FOD2712A dictates the minimum voltage that can be applied to the LED pin: The error amplifier output has a minimum of the reference voltage, and the LED is in series with that. Minimum voltage applied to the LED pin is thus 1.24V + 1.5V = 2.74V. This voltage can be generated either directly from the output of the converter, or else from a slaved secondary winding. The secondary winding will not affect regulation, as the input to the FB pin may still be taken from the output winding. Secondary Ground The GND pin should be connected to the secondary ground of the converter. No Connect Pins The NC pins have no internal connection. They should not have any connection to the secondary side, as this may compromise the isolation structure. The LED pin needs to be fed through a current limiting resistor. The value of the resistor sets the amount of current through the LED, and thus must be carefully selected in conjunction with the selection of the primary side resistor. Photo-Transistor Feedback The value of the pull-up resistor, and the current limiting resistor feeding the LED, must be carefully selected to account for voltage range accepted by the PWM IC, and for the variation in current transfer ratio (CTR) of the opto-isolator itself. The Photo-transistor is the output of the FOD2712A. In a normal configuration the collector will be attached to a pull-up resistor and the emitter grounded. There is no base connection necessary. Output voltage of a converter is determined by selecting a resistor divider from the regulated output to the FB pin. The FOD2712A attempts to regulate its FB pin to the reference voltage, 1.24V. The ratio of the two resistors should thus be: Example: The voltage feeding the LED pins is +12V, the voltage feeding the collector pull-up is +10V, and the PWM IC is the Fairchild KA1H0680, which has a 5V reference. If we select a 10KΩ resistor for the LED, the maximum current the LED can see is: R TOP V OUT ------------------------- = -------------–1 R BOTTOM V REF The absolute value of the top resistor is set by the input offset current of 0.8µA. To achieve 1% accuracy, the resistance of RTOP should be: (12V–2.74V) /10KΩ = 926µA. The CTR of the opto-isolator is a minimum of 100%, and so the minimum collector current of the photo-transistor when the diode is full on is also 926µA. The collector resistor must thus be such that: V OUT – 1.24 ------------------------------- > 80µA R TOP 10V – 5V ----------------------------------- < 926µA or R COLLECTOR > 5.4KΩ; R COLLECTOR select 10KΩ to allow some margin. ©2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FOD2712A Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 11 FOD2712A — Optically Isolated Error Amplifier The FOD2712A 8-pin SOIC Surface Mount 8 0.164 (4.16) 0.144 (3.66) SEATING PLANE 1 0.202 (5.13) 0.182 (4.63) 0.010 (0.25) 0.006 (0.16) 0.143 (3.63) 0.123 (3.13) 0.021 (0.53) 0.011 (0.28) 0.008 (0.20) 0.003 (0.08) 0.244 (6.19) 0.224 (5.69) 0.050 (1.27) Typ. Lead Coplanarity: 0.004 (0.10) MAX Recommended Pad Layout 0.024 (0.61) 0.060 (1.52) 0.275 (6.99) 0.155 (3.94) 0.050 (1.27) Dimensions in inches (mm). Package drawings are provided as a service to customers considering Fairchild components. Drawings may change in any manner without notice. Please note the revision and/or date on the drawing and contact a Fairchild Semiconductor representative to verify or obtain the most recent revision. Package specifications do not expand the terms of Fairchild’s worldwide terms and conditions, specifically the warranty therein, which covers Fairchild products. Always visit Fairchild Semiconductor’s online packaging area for the most recent package drawings: http://www.fairchildsemi.com/packaging/ ©2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FOD2712A Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 12 FOD2712A — Optically Isolated Error Amplifier Package Dimensions FOD2712A — Optically Isolated Error Amplifier Ordering Information Option Example Part Number V FOD2712AV R2 FOD2712AR2 R2V FOD2712AR2V Description VDE 0884 Tape and reel (2500 units per reel) VDE 0884, Tape and reel (2500 units per reel) Marking Information 1 2712A V X YY S 3 4 2 6 5 Definitions ©2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FOD2712A Rev. 1.0.1 1 Fairchild logo 2 Device number 3 VDE mark (Note: Only appears on parts ordered with VDE option – See order entry table) 4 One digit year code, e.g., ‘3’ 5 Two digit work week ranging from ‘01’ to ‘53’ 6 Assembly package code www.fairchildsemi.com 13 8.0 ± 0.10 2.0 ± 0.05 3.50 ± 0.20 0.30 MAX Ø1.5 MIN 1.75 ± 0.10 4.0 ± 0.10 5.5 ± 0.05 8.3 ± 0.10 5.20 ± 0.20 0.1 MAX 6.40 ± 0.20 12.0 ± 0.3 Ø1.5 ± 0.1 User Direction of Feed Dimensions in mm ©2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FOD2712A Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 14 FOD2712A — Optically Isolated Error Amplifier Carrier Tape Specifications FOD2712A — Optically Isolated Error Amplifier Reflow Profile Temperature (°C) TP 260 240 TL 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Max. Ramp-up Rate = 3°C/S Max. Ramp-down Rate = 6°C/S tP Tsmax tL Preheat Area Tsmin ts 120 240 360 Time 25°C to Peak Time (seconds) Profile Freature Pb-Free Assembly Profile Temperature Min. (Tsmin) 150°C Temperature Max. (Tsmax) 200°C Time (tS) from (Tsmin to Tsmax) 60–120 seconds Ramp-up Rate (tL to tP) 3°C/second max. Liquidous Temperature (TL) 217°C Time (tL) Maintained Above (TL) 60–150 seconds Peak Body Package Temperature 260°C +0°C / –5°C Time (tP) within 5°C of 260°C 30 seconds Ramp-down Rate (TP to TL) 6°C/second max. Time 25°C to Peak Temperature ©2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FOD2712A Rev. 1.0.1 8 minutes max. www.fairchildsemi.com 15 AccuPower™ Auto-SPM™ Build it Now™ CorePLUS™ CorePOWER™ CROSSVOLT™ CTL™ Current Transfer Logic™ DEUXPEED® Dual Cool™ EcoSPARK® EfficientMax™ ESBC™ ® ® Fairchild ® Fairchild Semiconductor FACT Quiet Series™ FACT® FAST® FastvCore™ FETBench™ FlashWriter®* FPS™ F-PFS™ ® FRFET SM Global Power Resource Green FPS™ Green FPS™ e-Series™ Gmax™ GTO™ IntelliMAX™ ISOPLANAR™ MegaBuck™ MICROCOUPLER™ MicroFET™ MicroPak™ MicroPak2™ MillerDrive™ MotionMax™ Motion-SPM™ OptoHiT™ OPTOLOGIC® ® OPTOPLANAR ® PowerTrench® PowerXS™ Programmable Active Droop™ QFET® QS™ Quiet Series™ RapidConfigure™ ™ Saving our world, 1mW/W/kW at a time™ SignalWise™ SmartMax™ SMART START™ SPM® STEALTH™ SuperFET® SuperSOT™-3 SuperSOT™-6 SuperSOT™-8 SupreMOS® SyncFET™ Sync-Lock™ ® PDP SPM™ * Power-SPM™ * Trademarks of System General Corporation, used under license by Fairchild Semiconductor. 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Datasheet contains specifications on a product that is discontinued by Fairchild Semiconductor. The datasheet is for reference information only. Rev. I51 ©2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FOD2712A Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 16 FOD2712A — Optically Isolated Error Amplifier TRADEMARKS The following includes registered and unregistered trademarks and service marks, owned by Fairchild Semiconductor and/or its global subsidiaries, and is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all such trademarks.