Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller FEATURES OVERVIEW DESCRIPTION The highly integrated SG6932 is designed for power supplies with boost PFC and forward PWM. It requires very few external components to achieve green-mode operation and versatile protections / compensation. It is available in 16-pin DIP and SOP packages. Interleaved PFC / PWM switching Green-mode PFC and PWM operation Low operating current Innovative switching-charge multiplier-divider Multi-vector control for improved PFC output transient response Average-current-mode for input-current shaping PFC over-voltage and under-voltage protections PFC and PWM feedback open-loop protection Cycle-by-cycle current limiting for PFC/PWM Slope compensation for PWM Selectable PWM maximum duty cycle 50% and 65% Brownout protection Power-on sequence control and soft-start APPLICATIONS Switch-mode power supplies with active PFC Servo system power supplies PC-ATX power supplies The patented interleave-switching feature synchronizes the PFC and PWM stages and reduces switching noise. At light load, the switching frequency is continuously decreased to reduce power consumption. For PFC stage, the proprietary multi-vector control scheme provides a fast transient response in a low-bandwidth PFC loop, in which the overshoot and undershoot of the PFC voltage are clamped. If the feedback loop is broken, SG6932 shuts off to prevent extra-high voltage on output. For the Forward PWM stage, the synchronized slope compensation ensures the stability of the current loop under continuous-conduction-mode operation. Hiccup operation during output overloading is guaranteed. The soft-start and programmable maximum duty cycle ensure safe operation. SG6932 provides complete protection functions, such as brownout protection and RI open/short latch off. TYPICAL APPLICATION © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) -1- www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller MARKING DIAGRAMS SG6932TP XXXXXXXXYWWV PIN CONFIGURATION T: D=DIP, S=SOP P : Z =Lead Free + ROHS Compatible XXXXXXXX: Wafer Lot Y: Year; WW: Week V: Assembly Location VRMS 1 16 IAC RI 2 15 VEA IEA 3 14 FBPFC IPFC 4 13 SS IMP 5 12 VDD ISENSE 6 11 OPFC FBPWM 7 10 GND IPWM 8 9 OPWM ORDERING INFORMATION Part Number Pb-Free Package SG6932DZ 16-pin DIP SG6932SZ (Preliminary) 16-pin SOP © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) -2- www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller PIN DESCRIPTIONS Name Pin No. Type VRMS 1 Line-Voltage Detection Line voltage detection. The pin is used for PFC multiplier and brownout protection. RI 2 Oscillator Setting Reference setting. One resistor connected between RI and ground determines the switching frequency. A resistor with resistance between 12k ~ 47kΩ is recommended. The switching frequency is equal to [1560 / RI] kHz, where RI is in kΩ. For example, if RI is 24kΩ, the switching frequency is 65kHz. IEA 3 Output of PFC Current This is the output of the PFC current amplifier. The signal from this pin is compared with an Amplifier internal sawtooth and determines the pulse width for PFC gate drive. IPFC 4 Inverting Input of PFC The inverting input of the PFC current amplifier. Proper external compensation circuits Current Amplifier result in excellent input power factor via average-current-mode control. IMP 5 Non-inverting Input of The non-inverting input of the PFC current amplifier and the output of the multiplier. Proper PFC Current Amplifier external compensation circuits result in excellent input power factor via average current and Output of mode control. Multiplier ISENSE 6 Peak Current Limit Setting for PFC FBPWM 7 The control input for voltage-loop feedback of PWM stage. It is internally pulled high through PWM Feedback Input a 6.5kΩ resistance. Usually an external opto-coupler from secondary feedback circuit is connected to this pin. IPWM 8 PWM Current Sense The current sense input for the PWM stage. Via a current sense resistor, this pin provides the control input for peak-current-mode control and cycle-by-cycle current limiting. OPWM 9 PWM Gate Drive The totem pole output drive for PWM MOSFET. This pin is internally clamped under 18V to protect the MOSFET. GND 10 Ground The power ground. OPFC 11 PFC Gate Drive The totem pole output drive for the PFC MOSFET. This pin is internally clamped under 18V to protect the MOSFET. VDD 12 Supply The power supply pin. The threshold voltages for start-up and turn-off are 14V and 10V, respectively. The operating current is lower than 10mA. SS 13 PWM Soft-Start During start-up, the SS pin charges an external capacitor with a 50µA constant current source. The voltage on FBPWM is clamped by SS during start-up. In the event of a protection condition occurring and/or PWM being disabled, the SS pin is quickly discharged. The voltage of SS pin can be used to select 50% or 65% maximum duty cycle. FBPFC 14 Voltage Feedback Input for PFC The feedback input for PFC voltage loop. The inverting input of PFC error amplifier. This pin is connected to the PFC output through a divider network. VEA 15 Error Amplifier Output The error amplifier output for PFC voltage feedback loop. A compensation network (usually for PFC Voltage a capacitor) is connected between this pin and ground. A large capacitor value results in a Feedback Loop narrow bandwidth and improves the power factor. IAC 16 Input AC Current © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) Function The peak current limit setting for PFC. For normal operation, this input is used to provide current reference for the multiplier. The suggested maximum IAC is 360µA. -3- www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller BLOCK DIAGRAM © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) -4- www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Symbol Parameter VDD DC Supply Voltage* 25 V IAC Input AC Current 2 mA VHigh OPWM, OPFC, IAC -0.5 to 25V V VLow Others -0.5 to 7V V PD Power Dissipation 0.8 W TJ Operating Junction Temperature -40 to 125 ℃ Tstg Storage Temperature Range -55 to +150 RθjC TL ESD Test Conditions Value At TA<50℃ Thermal resistance (Junction-to-Case) Unit ℃ DIP 33.64 SOP 41.95 ℃/W Lead Temperature (Wave soldering, 10 seconds) 260 ℃ Electrostatic Discharge Capability, Human Body Model 4.5 KV Electrostatic Discharge Capability, Machine Model 250 V *All voltage values, except differential voltages, are given with respect to the network ground terminal. RECOMMENDED OPERATING JUNCTION TEMPERATURE: -30°C~ 85°C* * For proper operation. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VDD=15V, TA=25°C unless otherwise noted. VDD Section Symbol VDD-OP Parameter Continuously Operating Voltage IDD ST Start-Up Current IDD-OP Operating Current VTH-ON Start Threshold Voltage VDD-min Min. Operating Voltage VDD-OVP VDD OVP1 (turn off PWM with delay) TVDD-OVP Delay time of VDD OVP1 Test Conditions Typ. Max. 20 Unit V VDD -0.16V 10 20 µA VDD=15V; OPFC OPWM open 6 10 mA 13 14 15 V 9 10 11 V 23.5 24.5 RI=24kΩ Min. 8 25.5 V 25 µs Oscillator & Green-Mode Operation Symbol Parameter VRI RI Voltage FOSC PWM Frequency FOSC-MINFREQ Minimum Frequency in Green Mode RI RIOPEN RISHORT Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 1.176 1.200 1.224 V RI=24kΩ 62 65 68 KHz RI=24kΩ 18 20 22 KHz 47 kΩ RI Range 12 RI Pin Open Protection If RI > RIopen , PWM Turned Off RI Pin Short Protection If RI< RIshort , PWM Turned Off © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) -5- 200 kΩ 2 kΩ www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller VRMS for UVP and ON/OFF Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 0.75 0.8 0.85 V RMS AC Voltage Under-Voltage Threshold VRMS-UVP-1 to Turn Off PFC (with TUVP Delay) for UVP Mode1 VRMS-UVP-2 VRMS-UVP-1+ VRMS-UVP-1+ VRMS-UVP-1+ Recovery Level on VRMS for UVP V 0.17V 0.19V 0.21V RI=24kΩ 150 195 240 ms Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 2.95 3.00 3.05 V Under-Voltage Protection Propagation to TUVP Turn Off PFC Delay Time (No Delay for Start-up) PFC Stage Voltage Error Amplifier Symbol Parameter VREF Reference Voltage Av Open-Loop Gain 60 dB Zo Output Impedance 110 kΩ OVPFBPFC △OVPFBPFC PFC Over-voltage Protection PFC Feedback Voltage Protection Hysteresis VFBPFC-H Clamp-High Feedback Voltage GFBPFC-H Clamp-High Gain VFBPFC-L Clamp-Low Feedback Voltage GFBPFC-L Clamp-Low Gain IFBPFC-L. Maximum Source Current 3.20 3.25 3.30 V 60 90 120 mV 3.10 3.15 3.20 V 2.90 V 0.5 mA/V 2.75 2.85 6.5 mA/mV 1.5 2.0 mA IFBPFC-H. Maximum Sink Current 70 110 UVPVFB PFC Feedback Under-Voltage Protection 0.35 0.40 0.45 V VFBHIGH Output High Voltage on VEA 6 7 8 V 2.6 2.7 2.8 V 40 70 120 µs Min. Typ. Max. Unit VRD-FBPFC TUVP-PFC Voltage level on FBPFC to Enable OPWM During Start-up Debounce Time of PFC UVP µA Current Error Amplifier Symbol Parameter VOFFSET Input Offset Voltage ((-) > (+)) 8 AI Open-loop Gain 60 dB BW Unit Gain Bandwidth 1.5 MHz CMRR Common-mode Rejection Ratio 70 dB VOUT-HIGH Output High Voltage VOUT-LOW Output Low Voltage IMR1, IMR2 Reference Current Source IL Maximum Source Current 3 mA IH Maximum Sink Current 0.25 mA © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) Test Conditions VCM=0 ~ 1.5V mV 3.2 RI=24kΩ (IMR=20+IRI•0.8) -6- V 50 0.2 V 70 µA www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller Peak Current Limit Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit IP Constant Current Output RI=24kΩ 90 100 110 µA Peak Current Limit Threshold Voltage VRMS=1.05V 0.15 0.20 0.25 V Cycle-by-Cycle Limit (Vsense < Vpk) VRMS=3V 0.35 0.40 0.45 V 200 ns Vpk TpkD Propagation Delay Bnkt Leading-Edge Blanking Time 270 350 450 ns Typ. Max. Unit 360 µA Multiplier Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. IAC Input AC Current Multiplier Linear Range 0 IMO–max Maximum Multiplier Current Output; RI=24kΩ Multiplier Current Output VRMS=1.05V; IAC=90µA; (Low-Line, High-Power) VEA=7.5V; RI=24kΩ IMO-1 IMO–2 VIMP Multiplier Current Output VRMS=3V; IAC=264µA; (High-Line, High-Power) VEA=7.5V; RI=24kΩ 230 Voltage of IMP Open 200 230 65 85 3.4 3.9 µA 280 µA µA 4.4 V Typ. Max. Unit 16 18 V PFC Output Driver Symbol Parameter Test Conditions VZ-PFC Output Voltage Maximum (Clamp) VDD=20V Min. VOL-PFC Output Voltage Low VDD=15V; IO=100mA VOH-PFC Output Voltage High VDD=13V; IO=100mA TR-PFC Rising Time VDD=15V; CL=5nF; O/P=2V to 9V 40 70 120 ns Tf-PFC Falling Time VDD=15V; CL=5nF; O/P=9V to 2V 40 60 110 ns DC(MAX) Maximum Duty Cycle 97 % 1.5 8 V V 93 PWM Stage FBPWM Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. AV FB to Current Comparator Attenuation 2.2 2.7 3.2 V/V ZFB Input Impedance 4 4.2 5 4.5 7 4.8 kΩ RI=24kΩ 500 600 700 ms RI=24kΩ 80 95 120 ms 1.9 2.1 2.3 V 60 75 90 Hz/mV 1.35 1.60 1.75 V FBOPEN-LOOP TOPEN-PWM-Hiccup TOPEN-PWM VN SG VG Test Conditions PWM Open-Loop Protection Voltage Interval of PWM Open-Loop Protection Reset PWM Open-Loop Protection Delay Time Frequency Reduction Threshold on FBPWM Green-Mode Modulation Slope Voltage on FBPWM for Minimum Green-Mode Frequency © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) -7- Max. Unit V www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller PWM-Current Sense Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. TPD-PWM Propagation Delay to Output – VLIMIT Loop VDD=15V, OPWM drops to 9V 60 Typ. Max. Unit 120 VLIMIT Peak Current Limit Threshold Voltage 0.65 0.70 0.75 ns V TBNK-PWM Leading-Edge Blanking Time 270 350 450 ns △VSLOPE Slope Compensation △Vs=△VSLOPE x (Ton/T) △Vs: Compensation Voltage Added to Current Sense 0.40 0.45 0.55 V Unit Output Driver Symbol Parameter Test Conditions VZ-PWM Output Voltage Maximum (Clamp) VDD=20V Min. TPWM Interval of OPWM Lags Behind OPFC at Start-up RI=24kΩ VOL-PWM Output Voltage Low VDD=15V; IO=100mA VOH-PWM Output Voltage High VDD=13V; IO=100mA 8 2 Typ. Max. 16 18 V 4 6 ms 1.5 V V TR-PWM Rising Time VDD=15V; CL=5nF; O/P=2V to 9V 30 60 120 ns TF-PWM Falling Time VDD=15V; CL=5nF; O/P=9V to 2V 30 50 110 ns Typ. Maximum Duty Cycle Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Max. Unit DC SS=6V Maximum Duty Cycle for SS=6V RI=24kΩ 62 66 % DC SS=5V Maximum Duty Cycle for SS=5V RI=24kΩ 46 50 % Soft-Start Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit ISS Constant Current Output for Soft-Start RT=24kΩ 44 50 56 µA VDC-MAX-50% Voltage of SS for 50% Maximum Duty Cycle 5 V VDC-MAX--65% Voltage of SS for 65% Maximum Duty Cycle RD Discharge Resistance © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) 6 V 470 -8- Ω www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Min. Operation Voltge (VDD-MIN) vs Temperature 20.0 11.0 18.0 10.8 16.0 10.6 14.0 10.4 VTH-MIN(V) IDD ST (uA) Start-Up Current (IDD ST) vs Temperature 12.0 10.0 8.0 10.2 10.0 9.8 6.0 9.6 4.0 9.4 2.0 9.2 0.0 9.0 -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ Temperature (℃) Temperature (℃) Start Threshold Voltage (VTH-ON) vs Temperature Frequency vs. FB Voltage 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ 15.0 14.8 70.0 14.6 60.0 Frequency (KHz) VTH-ON(V) 14.4 14.2 14.0 13.8 13.6 13.4 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 13.2 0.0 13.0 1.3 -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 FB Voltage (V) Temperature (℃) Duty Cycle vs. FB Voltage Start-up Current vs. VDD Voltage 60.0 50.0 Duty Cycle (%) Start-up Current (uA) 70.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0.0 VDD Voltage (V) 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 FB Voltage (V) © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) -9- www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller PFC over Voltage Protection (OVPPFC) vs Temperature 25.5 3.30 25.3 3.29 25.1 3.28 24.9 3.27 OVPPFC (V) VDD-OVP (V) VDD OVP Threshold (VDD-OVP) vs Temperature 24.7 24.5 24.3 3.26 3.25 3.24 24.1 3.23 23.9 3.22 23.7 3.21 3.20 23.5 -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ -40℃ 125℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ 90.0 80.0 TR(nS) FOSC (KHz) 65℃ 100.0 68.0 67.5 67.0 66.5 66.0 65.5 65.0 64.5 64.0 63.5 63.0 62.5 62.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ Temperature (℃) 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ Temperature (℃) PWM Frequency (FOSC-GREEN) vs Temperature Falling Time (TF-PFC) vs Temperature 22.0 100.0 21.5 90.0 21.0 80.0 20.5 TF (nS) FOSC-MINFREQ (KHz) 50℃ Rising Time (TR-PFC) vs Temperature PWM Frequency (FOSC) vs Temperature 20.0 19.5 70.0 60.0 50.0 19.0 40.0 18.5 18.0 30.0 -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ Temperature (℃) 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ Temperature (℃) Reference Voltage (VREF) vs Temperature Maximum Duty Cycle (SS=5V) vs Temperature 3.05 50.0 3.04 49.5 3.03 49.0 DCMAX (%) 3.02 VREF (V) 35℃ Temperature (℃) Temperature (℃) 3.01 3.00 2.99 2.98 48.5 48.0 47.5 47.0 2.97 46.5 2.96 2.95 46.0 -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ Temperature (℃) © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ Temperature (℃) - 10 - www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller Rising Time (TR-PWM) vs Temperature Maximum Duty Cycle (SS=6V) vs Temperature 66.0 120.0 65.5 110.0 100.0 TR-PWM (nS) DCMAX (%) 65.0 64.5 64.0 63.5 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 63.0 50.0 62.5 40.0 62.0 30.0 -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ Temperature (℃) 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ 110℃ 125℃ Fall Time (TF-PWM) vs Temperature 4.80 4.75 4.70 4.65 4.60 4.55 4.50 4.45 4.40 4.35 4.30 4.25 4.20 110.0 100.0 90.0 TF-PWM (nS) FBOPEN-LOOP (V) PWM Open Loop Protection voltage (FBOPEN-LOOP) vs Temperature 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ Temperature (℃) 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ Temperature (℃) Constant Current Output for Soft Start (ISS) vs Temperature PWM Open Loop Protection Delay Time (TOPEN-PWM) vs Temperature 120 55 115 54 53 110 52 105 ISS (uA) TOPEN-PWM (mS) 35℃ Temperature (℃) 100 95 51 50 49 48 90 47 85 46 80 45 -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ Temperature (℃) -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ Temperature (℃) Peak Current Limit Threshold Voltge (VLIMIT) vs Temperature 0.75 0.74 0.73 VLIMIT (V) 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.65 -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ Temperature (℃) © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) - 11 - www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller OPERATION DESCRIPTION The highly integrated SG6932 is designed for power supplies with boost PFC and forward PWM. It requires very few external components to achieve green-mode operation and versatile protections / compensation. The patented interleave-switching feature synchronizes the PFC and PWM stages and reduces switching noise. At light load, the switching frequency is linearly decreased to reduce power consumption. The PFC function is implemented by averagecurrent-mode control. The patented switching charge multiplier-divider provides high-degree noise immunity for the PFC circuit. This also enables the PFC circuit to operate over a much wider region. The proprietary multi-vector output voltage control scheme provides a fast transient response in a low-bandwidth PFC loop, in which the overshoot and undershoot of the PFC voltage are clamped. If the feedback loop is broken, the SG6932 shuts off PFC to prevent extra-high voltage on output. For the forward PWM, the synchronized slope compensation ensures the stability of the current loop under continuous-mode operation. Hiccup operation during output overloading is also guaranteed. To prevent the power supply from drawing large current during start-up, the start-up for PWM stage is delayed 4ms after the PFC output voltage reaches its setting value. In addition, SG6932 provides complete protection functions such as brownout protection and built-in latch for over-voltage and RI open/short. Figure 1. Input Voltage Detection Switching Frequency / Current Sources The switching frequency of SG6932 can be programmed by the resistor RI connected between RI pin and GND. The relationship is: fPWM = 1560 (kHz ) ------------RI (kΩ) (1) For example, a 24kΩ resistor RI results in a 65kHz switching frequency. Accordingly, constant current IT flows through RI. I T = 1.2V RI (kΩ ) (mA) ---------------- (2) IT is used to generate internal current reference. IAC signal Line Voltage Detection (VRMS) Figure 1 shows the IAC pin connected to input voltage by a resistance and the current, IAC, is the input for PFC multiplier. For the linear range of IAC 0~360µA, the range input voltage should be connected a resistance over 1.2M. Figure 2 shows a resistive divider with low-pass filtering for line-voltage detection on VRMS pin. The VRMS voltage is used for the PFC multiplier and brownout protection. For brownout protection, when the VRMS voltage drops below 0.8V, OPFC turns off. © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) - 12 - www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller Figure 4. Control Loop of PFC Stage Figure 2. Line-Voltage Detection on VRMS Pin The current source output from the switching charge multiplier-divider can be expressed as: Interleave Switching / Green-Mode The SG6932 uses interleaved switching to synchronize the PFC and PWM stages. This reduces switching noise and spreads the EMI emissions. Figure 3 shows off-time (TOFF) inserted between the turn-off of the PFC gate drives and the turn-on of the PWM. The off-time (TOFF) is increased in response to the decreasing of the voltage level of FBPWM; therefore, the PWM switching frequency is linearly decreased to reduce switching losses. IMO = K × IAC × VEA (µA ) VRMS 2 (3) IMP, the current output from IMP pin, is the summation of IMO and IMR1. IMR1 and IMR2 are identical fixed-current sources. R2 and R3 are also identical. They are used to pull high the operating point of the IMP and IPFC pins when the voltage across RS goes negative with respect to ground. Through the differential amplification of the signal across RS, better noise immunity is achieved. The output of IEA is compared with an internal sawtooth and the pulse width for PFC is determined. Through the average current-mode control loop, the input current IS is proportional to IMO: OPFC OPWM TOFF IMO × R 2 = IS × RS (4) Figure 3. Interleaved Switching According to Equation 4, the minimum value of R2 and maximum of RS can be determined since IMO should not exceed the specified maximum value. PFC Operation The purpose of a boost active power factor corrector (PFC) is to shape the input current of a power supply. The input current waveform and phase follow that of the input voltage. Using SG6932, average-current-mode control is utilized for continuous-current-mode operation for the PFC booster. With the innovative multi-vector control for voltage loop and switching-charge multiplier-divider for current reference, excellent input power factor is achieved with good noise immunity and transient response. Figure 4 shows the total control loop for the average-current-mode control circuit of SG6932. © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) - 13 - There are different concerns in determining the value of the sense resistor, RS. The value of RS should be small enough to reduce power consumption, but large enough to maintain the resolution. A current transformer (CT) may be used to improve the efficiency of high power converters. To achieve good power factor, the voltage for VRMS and VEA should be kept as DC as possible, according to Equation 3. Good RC filtering for VRMS and narrow bandwidth (lower than the line frequency) for voltage loop are suggested for better input current shaping. The www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller transconductance error amplifier has output impedance RO (>90kΩ) and a capacitor CEA (1µF ~ 10µF) connected to ground (as shown in Figure 5). This establishes a dominant pole f1 for the voltage loop: f1 = 1 2π × R0 × CEA 3.15V + 2.85V (5) RA The average total input power can be expressed as: FBPFC - RB 3V Pin = Vin( rms ) × Iin( rms ) ∝ VRMS × I MO ∝ VRMS × I AC × VEA 2 VRMS + K IACxVEA 2 V RMS VEA C EA (6) Vin × VEA RAC ∝ VRMS × ∝ VEA 2 VRMS Figure 5. Multi-Vector Error Amplifier From Equation 6, VEA, the output of the voltage error amplifier, actually controls the total input power and the power delivered to the load. Multi-Vector Error Amplifier The voltage-loop error amplifier is transconductance, which has high output impedance (> 90kΩ). A capacitor CEA (1µF ~ 10µF) connected from VEA to ground provides a dominant pole for the voltage loop. Although the PFC stage has a low bandwidth voltage loop for better input power factor, the innovative multi-vector error amplifier provides a fast transient response to clamp the overshoot and undershoot of the PFC output voltage. Figure 5 shows the block diagram of the multi-vector error amplifier. When the variation of the feedback voltage exceeds ± 5% of the reference voltage, the transconductance error amplifier adjusts its output impedance to increase the loop response. If RA is opened, SG6932 shuts off immediately to prevent extra-high voltage on the output capacitor. © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) SG69XX - - 14 - Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limiting SG6932 provides cycle-by-cycle current limiting for both PFC and PWM stages. Figure 6 shows the peak current limit for the PFC stage. The PFC gate drive is terminated once the voltage on the ISENSE pin goes below VPK. The voltage of VRMS determines the voltage of VPK. The relationship between VPK and VRMS is shown in Figure 6. The amplitude of the constant current, IP, is determined by the internal current reference, IT, according to the equation: Ip = 2 × I T = 2× 1.2V R I (7) Therefore, the peak current of the IS is given by (VRMS<1.05V): IS_peak = (Ip × RP) - 0.2V RS (8) www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller 0.55V FBPWM + + IPWM 0.7V SG69XX Figure 6. Current Limit Figure 8. Slope Compensation Power-On Sequence / Soft-Start The SG6932 is enabled whenever the line voltage is higher than the brownout threshold. Once the SG6932 is active, the PFC stage is enabled first. The PWM stage is enabled following a 4ms delay after FBPFC voltage exceeds 2.7V. During start-up of PWM stage, the SS pin charges an external capacitor with a constant-current source. The voltage on FBPWM is clamped by SS during start-up. In the event of a protection condition occurring and/or PWM being disabled, the SS pin is quickly discharged. Limited Power Control Every time the output of power supply is shorted or over loaded, the FBPWM voltage increases. If the FB voltage is higher than a designed threshold, 4.2V, for longer than 95ms, the PWM output is turned off. Gate Drivers SG6932 output stages are fast totem-pole gate drivers. The output driver is clamped by an internal 18V Zener diode to protect the power MOSFET. 3V 2.7V FBPFC Protections The SG6932 provides full protection functions to prevent the power supply and the load from being damaged. The protection features include: OPFC 4mS PFC Feedback Over-Voltage Protection. When the PFC feedback voltage exceeds the over-voltage threshold, the SG6932 inhibits the PFC switching signal. This protection also prevents the PFC power converter from operating abnormally while the FBPFC pin is open. OPWM Figure 7. Power-On Sequence Forward PWM and Slope Compensation The PWM stage is designed for forward power converters. Peak current mode control is used to optimize system performance. Slope compensation is added to stabilize the current loop. The SG6932 inserts a synchronized positively sloped ramp at each switching cycle. The positively sloped ramp is represented by the voltage signal Vs-comp. In the example in Figure 8, the ramp signal voltage is 0.55V. © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) - 15 - Second PFC Over-Voltage Protection (OVP_PFC). The PFC stage over-voltage input. The comparator disables the PFC output driver if this input exceeds 3.25V. This pin can be connected to the FBPFC pin or the PFC boost output through a divider network. This pin provides an extra input for PFC over-voltage protection. PFC Feedback Under-Voltage Protection. The SG6932 stops the PFC switching signal whenever the PFC feedback voltage drops below the under-voltage threshold. This protection feature is designed to prevent the PFC www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller power converter from experiencing abnormal conditions while the FBPFC pin is shorted to ground. VDD Over-Voltage Protection. The PFC and PWM stages are disabled whenever the VDD voltage exceeds the over-voltage threshold. RI Pin Open / Short Protection. The RI pin is used to set the switching frequency and internal current reference. The PFC and PWM stages of SG6932 are disabled whenever the RI pin is short or open. PCB Layout independently tied from the decoupling capacitor to the PFC output capacitor CO. The ground in the output capacitor CO is the major ground reference for power switching. To provide a good ground reference and reduce the switching noise of both the PFC and PWM stages, the ground traces 6 and 7 should be located very near and be low impedance. The IPFC pin is connected directly to RS through R3 to improve noise immunity. Do not incorrectly connect to the ground trace 2. The IMP and ISENSE pins should be connected directly via the resistors R2 and RP to another terminal of RS. SG6932 has a single ground pin, which prevents high sink currents in the output being returned separately. Good high-frequency or RF layout practices should be followed. Avoid long PCB traces and component leads. Locate decoupling capacitors near the SG6932. A resistor of 5 ~ 20Ω is recommended, connected in series from the output to the gate of the MOSFET. Isolating the interference between the PFC and PWM stages is also important. Figure 9 shows an example of the PCB layout. The ground trace 1 is connected from the ground pin of SG6932 to the decoupling capacitor, which should be low impedance and as short as possible. The ground trace 2 provides a signal ground. It should be connected directly to the decoupling capacitor CDD and/or to the ground pin of the SG6932. The ground trace 3 is © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) - 16 - Figure 9. PCB Layout www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller REFERENCE CIRCUIT © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) - 17 - www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller PACKAGE INFORMATION 16 PINS – PLASTIC DIP (D) θ D 9 16 E1 eB E 8 1 A2 L A e b1 A1 DIMENSION Symbol A A1 A2 b b1 D E E1 e L eB Millimeter Min. 0.381 3.175 18.669 θ° © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) 6.121 2.921 8.509 0° Typ. Max. 5.334 3.302 1.524 0.457 19.177 7.620 6.299 2.540 3.302 9.017 7° Inch Min. Typ. 3.429 0.015 0.125 19.685 0.735 6.477 0.241 3.810 9.525 0.115 0.335 15° - 18 - 0° Max. 0.210 0.130 0.060 0.018 0.755 0.300 0.248 0.100 0.130 0.355 7° 0.135 0.775 0.255 0.150 0.375 15° www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller 16 PINS – PLASTIC SOP (S) 16 9 E 1 H Detail A F 8 b c e θ D A2 A L y Detail A A1 DIMENSION Symbol A A1 A2 b c D E e H L F y θ° Millimeter Min. 1.346 0.101 1.244 © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) Typ. Max. 1.753 0.254 1.499 Inch Min. 0.053 0.004 0.049 0.406 0.203 9.804 3.810 10.008 3.988 0.386 0.150 6.198 1.270 0.228 0.016 0.394 0.157 0.050 0.381X45° 0° Max. 0.069 0.010 0.059 0.016 0.008 1.270 5.791 0.406 Typ. 0.244 0.050 0.015X45° 0.101 8° - 19 - 0° 0.004 8° www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007 Product Specification SG6932 Green-Mode PFC / Forward PWM Controller © System General Corp. Version 1.1.1 (IAO33.0011.B2) - 20 - www.sg.com.tw • www.fairchildsemi.com September 19, 2007