TC520A Serial Interface Adapter for TC500 A/D Converter Family Features General Description • Converts TC500/TC500A/TC510/TC514 to Serial Operation • Programmable Conversion Rate and Resolution for Maximum Flexibility • Supports up to 17-Bits of Accuracy Plus Polarity Bit • Low Power Operation: Typically 7.5mΩ • 14-Pin PDIP or 16-Pin SOIC Packages • Polled or Interrupt Mode Operation The TC520A serial interface adapter provides logic control for Microchip's TC500/TC500A/TC510/TC514 family of dual slope, integrating A/D converters. It directly manages TC500 converter phase control signals A, B and CMPTR, thereby reducing host processor task loading and software complexity. Communication with the TC520A is accomplished over a 3 wire serial port. Key converter operating parameters are programmable for complete user flexibility. Data conversion is initiated when the CE input is brought low. The converted data (plus overrange and polarity bits) are held in an 18-bit shift register until read by the processor or until the next conversion is completed. Data may be clocked out of the TC520A at any time, and at any rate, the user prefers. A Data Valid (DV) output is driven active at the start of each conversion cycle, indicating the 18-bit shift register update has just been completed. This signal may be polled by the processor or can be used as data ready interrupt. The TC520A timebase can be derived from an external frequency source of up to 6MHz or can operate from its own external crystal. It requires a single 5V logic supply and dissipates less than 7.5mΩ. Applications • Computer Peripheral Interface • Portable Instruments • Data Acquisition System Interface Device Selection Table Part Number Package Temperature Range TC520ACOE 16-Pin SOIC (Wide) 0°C to +70°C TC520ACPD 0°C to +70°C 14-Pin PDIP Package Type 14-Pin PDIP VDD 1 14 CE DGND 2 13 DV CMPTR 3 12 LOAD B 4 A 5 10 DCLK OSCOUT 6 9 DOUT OSCIN 7 8 READ TC520A 11 DIN 16-Pin SOIC VDD 1 16 CE DGND 2 15 DV CMPTR 3 14 LOAD B 4 13 DIN TC520A A 5 12 DCLK OSCOUT 6 11 DOUT OSCIN 7 10 READ N/C 8 9 N/C 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21431B-page 1 TC520A Functional Block Diagram VDD GND 1 2 8-Bit Shift Reg. 8 Gate 5 A 4 B 3 CMPTR 14 CE DV 13 8-Bit Counter Logic Control Pinout of 14-Pin Package 11 D IN Gate ÷ 256 Timeout Force Auto Zero Polarity Bit 18-Bit Shift Register Gate Clear Count 12 LOAD 9 10 DOUT DCLK 8 READ 16 OSCIN OSCOUT 7 6 ÷4 DS21431B-page 2 SYSCLK Gate 16-Bit Counter Overrange Bit 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC520A 1.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS *Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Absolute Maximum Ratings* DC Supply Voltage (VDD) .................................... +6.0V Input Voltage (All Inputs VIN):.... - 0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V) Operating Temperature Range (TA) .......... 0°C to 70°C Storage Temperature Range .............. -65°C to +150°C TC520A ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Electrical Characteristics: VDD = 5V, FOSC = 1MHz, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameters Min Typ Max Unit V DD Operating Voltage Range 4.5 5 5.5 V IDD Supply Current — 0.8 1.5 mA V Test Conditions Supply Input Characteristics VIL Low Input Voltage — — 0.8 VIH High Input Voltage 2.0 — — V IIL Input Leakage Current — — 10 µA IPD Pull-down Current (CE) — 5 — µA IPU Pull-up Current (READ, LOAD) — 5 — µA 0.3 V Output Characteristics (IOUT = 250 µA, VDD = 5V) VOL Low Output Voltage — 0.2 VOH High Output Voltage 3.5 4.3 — V CL = 10pF, Rise/Fall Times — — 250 nsec T R, T F Oscillator (OSCIN , OSC OUT) FXTL Crystal Frequency — 1.0 4.0 MHz FOSC External Frequency (OSCIN ) — — 6.0 MHz 250 — — nsec 1 — — µsec 450 — — nsec 1 — — µsec Timing Characteristics TRD READ Delay Time TRS Data Read Setup Time TDRS DCLK to DOUT Delay TLS LOAD Setup Time TDLS Data Load Setup Time 50 — — nsec TPWL DCLK Pulse Width Low Time 150 — — nsec TPWH DCLK Pulse Width High Time 150 — — nsec TLDL Load Default Low Time 250 — — nsec TLDS Load Default Setup Time 250 — — nsec Parameter TIZ Integrator ZERO Time — 0.5 — msec TAZI Auto zero (RESET) Time at Power-Up — 100 — msec 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21431B-page 3 TC520A 2.0 PIN DESCRIPTIONS The descriptions of the pins are listed in Table 2-1 TABLE 2-1: Pin Number 14-Pin PDIP PIN FUNCTION TABLE Pin Number 16-Pin SOIC Symbol Description 1 1 VDD 2 2 DGND 3 3 CMPTR 4 4 B Output, active high. The A and B outputs of the TC520A connect directly to the A and B inputs of the TC5XX A/D converter connected to the TC520A. The binary code on A, B determines the conversion phase of the TC5XX A/D converter: (A, B) = 01 places the TC5XX A/D converter into the Auto Zero phase; (A, B) =10 for Integrate phase (INT); (A, B) =11 for De-integrate phase (DINI) and (A, B) = 00 for Integrator Zero phase (IZ). Please see the TC500/TC500A/TC510/TC514 family data sheets for a complete description of these phases of operation. 5 5 A Output, active high. See pin 4 description above. 6 6 OSCOUT Input. This pin connects to one side of an AT-cut crystal having a effective series resistance of 100Ω (typ.) and a parallel capacitance of 20pF (typ.). If an external frequency source is used to clock the TC520A, this pin must be left floating. 7 7 OSCIN Input. This pin connects to the other side of the crystal described in pin 6 above. The TC520A may also be clocked from an external frequency source connected to this pin. The external frequency source must be a pulse train having a duty cycle of 30% (minimum); rise and fall times of 15nsec and a min/max amplitude of 0 to VIH. If an external frequency source is used, pin 6 must be left floating. A maximum operating frequency of 4MHz (crystal) or 6MHz (external clock source) is permitted. 8 N/C No connection on 16 pin package version. No connection on 16 pin package version. Input. +5V ±10% power supply input with respect to DGND. Input. Digital Ground. Input, active high or low (depending on polarity of the voltage input to A/D converter). This pin connects directly to the zero crossing comparator output (CMPTR) of the TC5XX A/D converter. A high-to-low state change on this pin causes the TC520A to terminate the de-integrate phase of conversion. 9 N/C 8 10 READ Input, active low, level and negative edge triggered. A high-to-low transition on READ loads serial port output shift register with the most recent converted data. Data is loaded such that the first bit transmitted from the TC520A to the processor is the OVERRANGE bit (OVR), followed by the POLARITY bit (POL) (high = input positive; low = input negative). This is followed by a 16-bit data word (MSB first). OVR is available at the DOUT as soon as READ is brought low. This bit may be used as the 17th data bit, if so desired. The DOUT pin of the serial port is enabled only when READ is held low. Otherwise, DOUT remains in a high impedance state. A serial port read access cycle is terminated at any time by bringing READ high. 9 11 DOUT Output, logic level. Serial port output pin. This pin is enabled only when READ is low (see READ pin description). 10 12 DCLK Input, positive and negative edge triggered. Serial port clock. With READ low, serial data is clocked into the TC520A at each low-to-high transition of DCLK, and clocked out of the TC520A on each high-to-low transition of D CLK. A maximum serial port DCLK frequency of 3MHz is permitted. 11 13 DIN Input, logic level. Serial port input pin. The TC5XX A/D converter integration time (TINT ) and Auto Zero time (TAZ) values are determined by the LOAD VALUE byte clocked into this pin. This initialization must take place at power up and can be rewritten (or modified and rewritten) at any time. The LOAD VALUE is clocked into D IN MSB first. DS21431B-page 4 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC520A TABLE 2-1: PIN FUNCTION TABLE (CONTINUED) Pin Number 14-Pin PDIP Pin Number 16-Pin SOIC Symbol Description 12 14 LOAD Input, active low; level and edge triggered. The LOAD VALUE is clocked into the 8-bit shift register on board the TC520A while LOAD is held low. The LOAD VALUE is then transferred into the TC520A internal timebase counter (and becomes effective) when LOAD is returned high. If so desired, LOAD can be momentarily pulsed low, eliminating the need to clock a LOAD VALUE into DIN . In this case, the current state of DIN is clocked into the TC520A timebase counter selecting either a count of 65536 (DIN = High), or count of 32768, (DIN = Low). 13 15 DV Output, active low. DV is brought low any time the TC520A is in the AZ phase of conversion. This occurs when, either the TC520A initiates a normal AZ phase by setting A, B, equal to 01, or when CE is pulled high, which overrides the normal A, B sequencing and forces an AZ state. DV is returned high when the TC520A exits AZ. 14 16 CE Input, active low, level triggered. Conversion will be continuously performed as long as CE remains low. Pulling CE high causes the conversion process to be halted and forces the TC520A into the AZ mode for as long as CE remains high. CE should be taken high whenever it is necessary to momentarily suspend conversion (for example: to change the address lines of an input multiplexer). CE should be pulled high only when the TC520A enters an AZ phase (i.e. when DV is low). This is necessary to avoid excessively long integrator discharge times, which could result in erroneous conversion. This pin should be grounded if unused. It should be left floating if a 0.01µF RESET capacitor is connected to it (see Section 4.0, Typical Applications). 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21431B-page 5 TC520A 3.0 DETAILED DESCRIPTION 3.1 TC520A Timing The TC520A consists of a serial port and state machine. The state machine provides control timing to the TC5xx A/D converter connected to the TC520A as well as providing sequential timing for TC520A internal operation. All timing is derived from the frequency source at OSCIN and OSCOUT. This frequency source can be either an externally provided clock signal or external crystal. If an external clock is used, it must be connected to the OSC IN pin and OSCOUT must remain floating. If a crystal is used, it must be connected between the OSCIN and OSC OUT and be physically located as close to the OSCIN and OSC OUT pins as possible. The incoming frequency is internally divided by 4 and the resulting clock (SYSCLK) controls all timing functions. 3.2 TC5XX A/D Converter Control Signals The TC520A control outputs (A, B) and control input (CMPTR) connect directly to the corresponding pins of the TC5XX A/D converter. A conversion is consummated when A, B have been sequenced through the required 4 phases of conversion: Auto Zero (AZ), Integrate (INT), De-integrate (D INT) and Integrator Zero (IZ) (see Figure 4-1). The Auto Zero phase compensates for offset errors in the TC5XX A/D converter. The Integrate phase connects the voltage to be converted to the TC5XX A/D converter input, resulting in an integrator output dv/dt directly proportional to the magnitude of the applied input voltage. Actual A/D conversion (counting) is initiated at the start of the DINT phase and terminates when the integrator output crosses 0V. The integrator output is then forced to 0V during the IZ phase and the converter is ready for another cycle. Please see the TC500/TC500A/TC510/TC514 data sheet for a complete description of these phases. The time period required for the DINT phase is a function of the amount of voltage stored on the integrator during the INT phase and the value of VREF. The DINT phase is initiated by the TC520A immediately after the INT phase and terminated when the TC5XX A/D converter changes the state of the CMPTR input of the TC520A, indicating a zero crossing. In general, the maximum number of counts chosen for DINT is twice that of INT (with VREF chosen at VININ(MAX)/2). Choosing these values guarantees a full count (maximum resolution) during DINT when VIN = VIN(MAX). The IZ phase is initiated immediately following the DINT phase and is maintained until the CMPTR input transitions high. This indicates the integrator is initialized and ready for another conversion cycle. This phase typically takes 2msec. 3.3 Serial Port Control Signals Communication to and from the TC520A is accomplished over a 3 wire serial port. Data is clocked into D IN on the rising edge of DCLK and clocked out of DOUT on the falling edge of DCLK. READ must be low to read from the serial port and can be taken high at any time, which terminates the read cycle and releases D OUT to a high impedance state. Conversion data is shifted to the processor from DOUT in the following order: OVERRANGE (which can also be used as the 17th data bit), POLARITY, conversion data (MSB first). The number of SYSCLK periods (counts) for the AZ and INT phases is determined by the LOAD VALUE. The LOAD VALUE is a single byte that must be loaded into the most significant byte of 16-bit counter on board the TC520A during initialization. The lower byte of this counter is pre-loaded to a value of 0FFH (25610) and cannot be changed. The LOAD VALUE (upper 8 bits of the counter) can be programmed over a range of 0FFH to 00H (corresponding to a range of AZ = INT = 256 counts to 65536 counts). (See Figure 3-2). The LOAD VALUE sets the number of counts for both the AZ and INT phases and directly affects resolution and speed of conversion. The greater the number of counts allowed for AZ and INT, the greater the A/D resolution (but the slower the conversion speed). DS21431B-page 6 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC520A 4.0 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 4.4.2 4.1 TC500 Series A/D Converter Component Selection The TC520A counter length is 16-bits (65536), allowing the full 65536 counts for TDEINT results in a maximum TINT = 65536/2 or 32768. The TC500/TC500A/TC510/TC514 data sheet details the equations necessary to calculate values for integration resistor (RINT) and capacitor (CINT), auto zero (CAZ) and reference capacitors (CREF) and voltage reference (V REF). All equations apply when using the TC520A, except Integration time (TINT) and Auto zero time (TAZ), which are functions of the SYSCLK period (timebase frequency and LOAD VALUE). Microchip offers a ready-to-use TC5XX A/D converter design tool. The TC500 Design Spreadsheet is an Excel-based spreadsheet that calculates values for all components as well as the TC520A LOAD VALUE. It also calculates overall converter performance such as noise rejection, converter speed, etc. 4.2 TC520A Initialization 4.4.3 CALCULATE TINT SELECT SYSCLK FREQUENCY SYSCLK frequency directly affects conversion time. The faster the SYSCLK, the faster the conversion time. The upper limit SYSCLK frequency is determined by the worst case delay of the TC500 comparator (which for the TC500 and TC500A is 3.2µsec). While a faster value for SYSCLK can be used, operation is optimized (error minimized) by choosing a SYSCLK period (1/ SYSCLK frequency) that is greater than 3.2µsec. Choosing TSYSCLK = 4µsec makes the SYSCLK frequency equal to 250kHz. This makes the external crystal (or frequency source) equal to 1.0MHz, since SYSCLK = crystal frequency/4). Calculating integration time (in msec) using TSYSCLK = 4µsec, TINT = 4µsec x 32768 = 131msec. Initialization of the TC520A consists of: 4.4.4 1. Plug the TINT and TSYSCLK values into the equation and convert the resulting value to hexadecimal: 2. Power-On RESET of the TC500/TC520A (forcing the TC520A into an AZ phase). Initializing the TC520A LOAD VALUE. 4.3 Power-On RESET The TC520A powers up with A,B = 00 (IZ Phase), awaiting a high logic state on CMPTR, which must be initiated by forcing the TC520A into the AZ phase. This can be accomplished in one of two ways: 1. 2. External hardware (processor or logic) can momentarily pull LOAD or CE low for a minimum of 100msec (TAZI) or; A .01µF RESET capacitor can be connected from CE to VCC to generate a power-on pulse on CE. 4.4 LOAD VALUE Initialization The LOAD VALUE is the preset value (high byte of the SYSCLK timing counter) which determines the number of counts allocated to the AZ and INT phases of conversion. This value can be calculated using either the TC520A spreadsheet within the TC500 Design Spreadsheet software or can be setup as shown in the following sections. 4.4.1 SELECT VREF, TDEINT Choose the TC5XX A/D converter reference voltage (VREF) to be half of the maximum A/D converter input voltage. For example, if VIN(MAX) = 2.5V, choose VREF = 1.25V. This forces the maximum de-integration time (TDEINT) to be equal to twice the maximum integration time (TINT), ensuring a full count (maximum resolution) during DINT. 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. CALCULATE LOAD VALUE EQUATION 4-1: LOAD VALUE = [(65536 - (TINT/TSYSCLK)] 256 In this example, LOAD VALUE = 128(10) = 10H. Therefore, a LOAD VALUE of 10H is loaded into the TC520A. If the desired TINT was 100msec instead of 131msec, the LOAD VALUE would be 9EH, and so on. The TC520A LOAD VALUE must be initialized on power-up, and can be re-initialized as often as desired thereafter. This is accomplished by bringing the LOAD input low while transmitting the appropriate LOAD VALUE to the TC520A as shown in Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2. 4.4.5 POLLED VS. INTERRUPT OPERATION The TC520A can be accessed at any time by the host processor. This makes operation in a polled environment especially easy since the most recently converted data is available to the processor as needed. The TC520A can also be used in an interrupt environment by connecting DV to the IRQ line of the processor. Since AZ is the first phase of a new conversion cycle, the most recently converted data will be available as soon as DV goes low. If so desired, the interrupt service routine can also modify the LOAD VALUE during the DV = low interval. DS21431B-page 7 TC520A FIGURE 4-1: TC520 initialization & startup conversion timing relatioNships TC520A Conversion State AZ INT DINT IZ AZ INT LOAD DINT AZ IZ AZ INT CE is pulled high only during AZ (DV = Low) CE LOAD VALUE updated and conversion started New LOAD VALUE can be loaded (if so desired) LOAD VALUE shifted into DIN DIN, DCLK Load Value DV TC520A held in AZ phase as long as CE = HIGH FIGURE 4-2: lOad value modify cycle TC520A Conversion State AZ INT DINT IZ AZ INT DINT IZ AZ INT LOAD CE LOAD VALUE updated and conversion started LOAD VALUE shift into DIN DIN, DCLK DV 4.4.6 OPTO-ISOLATED APPLICATIONS The 3 wire serial port of the TC520A can be optoisolated for applications requiring isolated data acquisition. The additional control lines (LOAD, DV, READ) are normally not needed in such applications, but can also be brought across the isolation barrier with the addition of a second isolator. DS21431B-page 8 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC520A FIGURE 4-3: Typical System Application +5V CINT 10k CAZ 100k RINT VIN+ .01µ 1 INT V+ MCP1525 .01µ 1µF V+ LOAD CMPTR TC500 B A 10 IN– 9 REF+ VIN- OSCOUT Crystal 3 CAZ 4 BUF 11 IN+ 6 16 14 13 12 CR– CR+ 8 REF– 5 COM 6 7 CREF 1 12 8 LD 7 OSCIN READ 3 CMPTR 10 DCLK 4 B 11 D TC520A 5 A IN 13 DOUT 9 DV 14 CE 15 GND 2 V RD SK SO SI 2 GND -5V Analog Ground CE DGND FIGURE 4-4: DV TC520A timing diagram Read Timing Load Timing TRS READ Load Default Timing LOAD LOAD TLS TRD DOUT DIN TDRS TPWL DCLK TDLS TLDL TPWH DIN TLDS DCLK READ Read Format DOUT LSB OVR POL MSB DCLK LOAD Load Format DIN MSB LSB DCLK 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21431B-page 9 TC520A 5.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION 5.1 Package Marking Information Package marking information not available at this time. 5.2 Taping Forms Component Taping Orientation for 16-Pin SOIC (Wide) Devices User Direction of Feed PIN 1 W P Standard Reel Component Orientation for TR Suffix Device Carrier Tape, Number of Components Per Reel and Reel Size Package 16-Pin SOIC (W) DS21431B-page 10 Carrier Width (W) Pitch (P) Part Per Full Reel Reel Size 16 mm 12 mm 1000 13 in 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC520A 5.3 Package Dimensions 14-Pin PDIP (Narrow) PIN 1 .260 (6.60) .240 (6.10) .310 (7.87) .290 (7.37) .770 (19.56) .745 (18.92) .200 (5.08) .140 (3.56) .040 (1.02) .020 (0.51) .150 (3.81) .115 (2.92) .015 (0.38) .008 (0.20) 3˚MIN. .400 (10.16) .310 (7.87) .110 (2.79) .090 (2.29) .070 (1.78) .045 (1.14) .022 (0.56) .015 (0.38) Dimensions: inches (mm) 16-Pin SOIC (Wide) PIN 1 .299 (7.59) .419 (10.65) .291 (7.40) .398 (10.10) .413 (10.49) .398 (10.10) .104 (2.64) .097 (2.46) .050 (1.27) TYP. .019 (0.48) .014 (0.36) .012 (0.30) .004 (0.10) 8° MAX. .013 (0.33) .009 (0.23) .050 (1.27) .016 (0.40) Dimensions: inches (mm) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21431B-page 11 TC520A DS21431B-page 12 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC520A SALES AND SUPPORT Data Sheets Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recommended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following: 1. 2. 3. Your local Microchip sales office The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277 The Microchip Worldwide Site (www.microchip.com) Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using. New Customer Notification System Register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn) to receive the most current information on our products. 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21431B-page 13 TC520A NOTES: DS21431B-page 14 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC520A Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip’s products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights. 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Le Colleoni 1 20041 Agrate Brianza Milan, Italy Tel: 39-039-65791-1 Fax: 39-039-6899883 United Kingdom Microchip Ltd. 505 Eskdale Road Winnersh Triangle Wokingham Berkshire, England RG41 5TU Tel: 44 118 921 5869 Fax: 44-118 921-5820 04/20/02 *DS21431B* DS21431B-page 16 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.