bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 Wide Range Fuel Gauge with Impedance Track™ Technology Check for Samples: bq34z100 FEATURES • • • • 1 2 • • • • • • Supports Li-Ion and LiFePO4 Chemistries Capacity Estimation Using Patented Impedance Track™ Technology for Batteries from 3 V to 65 V – Aging Compensation – Self-Discharge Compensation Supports Battery Capacities Above 65 Ahr Supports Charge and Discharge Currents Above 32 A External NTC Thermistor Support Supports Two-Wire I2C and HDQ Single Wire Communication Interfaces with Host System SHA-1/HMAC Authentication One- or Four-LED Direct Display Control • Five-LED and Higher Display Through Port Expander Reduced Power Modes (Typical Battery Pack Operating Range Conditions) – Normal Operation: < 140 µA Average – Sleep: < 64 µA Average – Full Sleep: < 19 µA Average • Package: 14-Pin TSSOP APPLICATIONS • • • • • • • • • • Light Electric Vehicles Power Tools Medical Instrumentation Uninterruptable Power Supplies (UPS) Mobile Radios DESCRIPTION The Texas Instruments bq34z100 is a fuel gauge solution that works independently of battery series-cell configurations, and supports a wide range of Li-Ion and LiFePO4 battery chemistries. Batteries from 3 V to 65 V can be supported through an external voltage translation circuit that can be controlled automatically to reduce system power consumption. The bq34z100 device provides several interface options, including an I2C slave, an HDQ slave, one or four direct LEDs, and an Alert output pin. Additionally, the bq34z100 provides support for an external port expander for more than four LEDs. ORDERING INFORMATION TA PART NUMBER PACKAGE (TSSOP) TUBE TAPE AND REEL –40°C to 85°C bq34z100PW or bq34z100PWR 14-Pin PW PWR 1 2 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. Impedance Track is a trademark of Texas Instruments. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com THERMAL INFORMATION bq34z100 THERMAL METRIC (1) TSSOP UNITS 14 Pins θJA, High K Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (2) (3) 103.8 θJC(top) Junction-to-case(top) thermal resistance θJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance (4) 46.6 ψJT Junction-to-top characterization parameter (5) 2.0 ψJB Junction-to-board characterization parameter (6) 45.9 θJC(bottom) Junction-to-case(bottom) thermal resistance (7) N/A (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 2 31.9 °C/W For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953. The junction-to-ambient thermal resistance under natural convection is obtained in a simulation on a JEDEC-standard, high-K board, as specified in JESD51-7, in an environment described in JESD51-2a. The junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the package top. No specific JEDECstandard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88. The junction-to-board thermal resistance is obtained by simulating in an environment with a ring cold plate fixture to control the PCB temperature, as described in JESD51-8. The junction-to-top characterization parameter, ψJT, estimates the junction temperature of a device in a real system and is extracted from the simulation data for obtaining θJA, using a procedure described in JESD51-2a (sections 6 and 7). The junction-to-board characterization parameter, ψJB, estimates the junction temperature of a device in a real system and is extracted from the simulation data for obtaining θJA , using a procedure described in JESD51-2a (sections 6 and 7). The junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the exposed (power) pad. No specific JEDEC standard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 PIN DETAILS PIN-OUT DIAGRAM P2 1 14 P3/SDA VEN 2 13 P4/SCL P1 3 12 P5/HDQ BAT 4 11 P6/TS CE 5 10 SRN REGIN 6 9 SRP REG25 7 8 VSS Figure 1. bq34z100 Pin-Out Diagram PIN DESCRIPTIONS Table 1. bq34z100 External Pin Functions PIN NAME PIN NUMBER TYPE (1) P2 1 O LED 2 or Not Used (connect to Vss) VEN 2 O Active High Voltage Translation Enable. This signal is optionally used to switch the input voltage divider on/off to reduce the power consumption (typ 45 uA) of the divider network. P1 3 O LED 1 or Not Used (connect to Vss). This pin is also used to drive an LED for single-LED mode. Use a small signal N-FET (Q1) in series with the LED as shown on Figure 9. BAT 4 I Translated Battery Voltage Input CE 5 I Chip Enable. Internal LDO is disconnected from REGIN when driven low. REGIN 6 P Internal integrated LDO input. Decouple with a 0.1-µF ceramic capacitor to Vss. REG25 7 P 2.5-V Output voltage of the internal integrated LDO. Decouple with 1-µF ceramic capacitor to Vss VSS 8 P Device ground SRP 9 I Analog input pin connected to the internal coulomb-counter peripheral for integrating a small voltage between SRP and SRN where SRP is nearest the BAT– connection. SRN 10 I Analog input pin connected to the internal coulomb-counter peripheral for integrating a small voltage between SRP and SRN where SRN is nearest the PACK– connection. P6/TS 11 I Pack thermistor voltage sense (use 103AT-type thermistor) P5/HDQ 12 I/O P4/SCL 13 I Slave I2C serial communication clock input. Use with a 10-K pull-up resistor (typical). Also used for LED 4 in the four-LED mode. P3/SDA 14 I/O Open drain slave I2C serial communication data line. Use with a 10-kΩ pull-up resistor (typical). Also used for LED 3 in the four-LED mode. (1) DESCRIPTION Open drain HDQ Serial communication line (slave) I = Input, O = Output, P = Power, I/O = Digital input/output Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 3 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com TYPICAL IMPLEMENTATION PACK + Protection FETs n Series cells ** CE REGIN P1 P2 I2C PROG P3/DAT P4/CLK P5/HDQ BAT VEN ** REG25 Protection and Balancing Solution P6/TS SRP Sense Resistor SRN VSS HDQ COMM ALERT PACK – ** optional to reduce divider power consumption Figure 2. bq34z100 Typical Implementation 4 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) VALUE UNIT VREGIN Regulator Input Range PARAMETER –0.3 to 5.5 V VCC Supply Voltage Range –0.3 to 2.75 V VIOD Open-drain I/O pins (SDA, SCL, HDQ) –0.3 to 5.5 V VBAT Bat Input pin –0.3 to 5.5 V –0.3 to VCC + 0.3 V 1.5 kV 2 kV VI ESD Input Voltage range to all other pins (P1, P2, SRP, SRN) Human-body model (HBM), BAT pin Human-body model (HBM), all other pins (1) TA Operating free-air temperature range –40 to 85 °C TF Functional temperature range –40 to 100 °C Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute–maximum–rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS TA = 25ºC, CLDO25 = 1.0 µF, and VREGIN = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER VREGIN Supply Voltage MAX UNIT No operating restrictions CONDITIONS MIN 2.7 TYP 4.5 V No FLASH writes 2.45 2.7 V 0.1 μF 1 μF Gas Gauge in NORMAL mode, ILOAD > Sleep Current 140 μA SLEEP operating-mode current Gas Gauge in SLEEP mode, ILOAD < Sleep Current 64 μA ISLP+ FULL SLEEP operating-mode current Gas Gauge in FULL SLEEP mode, ILOAD < Sleep Current 19 μA VOL Output voltage, low (SCL, SDA, HDQ) IOL = 3 mA VOH(PP) Output voltage, high IOH = –1 mA VCC – 0.5 V VOH(OD) Output voltage, high (SDA, SCL, HDQ) External pull-up resistor connected to VCC VCC – 0.5 V CREGIN External input capacitor for internal LDO between REGIN and VSS CLDO25 External output capacitor for internal LDO between VCC and VSS ICC Normal operating-mode current ISLP VIL VIH(OD) Nominal capacitor values specified. Recommend a 10% ceramic X5R type capacitor located close to the device. 0.47 0.4 V Input voltage, low –0.3 0.6 V Input voltage, high (SDA, SCL, HDQ) 1.2 6 V VA1 Input voltage range (TS) VSS – 0.05 1 V VA2 Input voltage range (BAT) VSS – 0.125 5 V VA3 Input voltage range (SRP, SRN) VSS – 0.125 0.125 V ILKG Input leakage current (I/O pins) tPUCD Power-up communication delay 0.3 250 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 μA ms 5 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com POWER-ON RESET TA = –40°C to 85°C; Typical Values at TA = 25°C and VREGIN = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VIT+ Positive-going battery voltage input at REG25 VHYS Power-on reset hysteresis MIN TYP MAX UNIT 2.05 2.20 2.31 V 45 115 185 mV LDO REGULATOR TA = 25°C, CLDO25 = 1.0 µF, VREGIN = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) (1) PARAMETER VREG25 ISHORT (2) (1) (2) TEST CONDITION Regulator output voltage Short Circuit Current Limit MIN NOM MAX UNIT 2.7 V ≤ VREGIN ≤ 4.5 V, IOUT ≤ 16 mA TA= –40°C to 85°C 2.3 2.5 2.7 V 2.45 V ≤ VREGIN < 2.7 V (low battery), IOUT ≤ 3 mA TA = –40°C to 85°C 2.3 VREG25 = 0 V TA = –40°C to 85°C 250 mA LDO output current, IOUT, is the sum of internal and external load currents. Assured by design. Not production tested. INTERNAL TEMPERATURE SENSOR CHARACTERISTICS TA = –40°C to 85°C, 2.4 V < REG25 < 2.6 V; Typical Values at TA = 25°C and REG25 = 2.5 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER GTEMP TEST CONDITIONS MIN Temperature sensor voltage gain TYP MAX –2 UNIT mV/°C LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR TA = –40°C to 85°C, 2.4 V < REG25 < 2.6 V; Typical Values at TA = 25°C and REG25 = 2.5 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER f(LOSC) Operating frequency f(LEIO) Frequency error (1) (2) t(LSXO) (1) (2) (3) TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 32.768 kHz TA = 0°C to 60°C –1.5 0.25 1.5 % TA = –20°C to 70°C –2.5 0.25 2.5 % TA = –40°C to 85°C –4 0.25 4 Start-up time (3) % μs 500 The frequency drift is included and measured from the trimmed frequency at VCC = 2.5 V, TA = 25°C. The frequency error is measured from 32.768 kHz. The startup time is defined as the time it takes for the oscillator output frequency to be ±3%. HIGH-FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR TA = –40°C to 85°C, 2.4 V < REG25 < 2.6 V; Typical Values at TA = 25°C and REG25 = 2.5 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER f(OSC) Operating frequency f(EIO) (1) (2) t(SXO) (1) (2) (3) Frequency error Start-up time TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 8.389 UNIT MHz TA = 0°C to 60°C –2 0.38 2 % TA = –20°C to 70°C –3 0.38 3 % TA = –40°C to 85°C –4.5 0.38 4.5 % 2.5 5 ms (3) The frequency error is measured from 2.097 MHz. The frequency error is measured from 32.768 kHz. The startup time is defined as the time it takes for the oscillator output frequency to be ±3%. INTEGRATING ADC (COULOMB COUNTER) CHARACTERISTICS TA = –40°C to 85°C, 2.4 V < REG25 < 2.6 V; Typical Values at TA = 25°C and REG25 = 2.5 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER V(SR) 6 TEST CONDITIONS Input voltage range, V(SRN) and V(SRP) V(SR) = V(SRN) – V(SRP) Submit Documentation Feedback MIN –0.125 TYP MAX UNIT 0.125 V Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 INTEGRATING ADC (COULOMB COUNTER) CHARACTERISTICS (continued) TA = –40°C to 85°C, 2.4 V < REG25 < 2.6 V; Typical Values at TA = 25°C and REG25 = 2.5 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER tSR_CONV TEST CONDITIONS Conversion time Single conversion Resolution VOS(SR) INL (1) MIN Effective input resistance (1) Input leakage current (1) UNIT 15 bits ±0.034 % FSR s 10 Integral nonlinearity error Ilkg(SR) MAX 1 14 Input offset ZIN(SR) TYP ±0.007 µV 2.5 MΩ 0.3 µA Assured by design. Not tested in production. ADC (TEMPERATURE AND CELL MEASUREMENT) CHARACTERISTICS TA = –40°C to 85°C, 2.4 V < REG25 < 2.6 V; Typical Values at TA = 25°C and REG25 = 2.5 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER VIN(ADC) tADC_CONV TEST CONDITIONS Input voltage range 14 Input offset ZADC1 Effective input resistance (TS) (1) ZADC2 Effective input resistance (BAT)(1) MAX UNIT 1 V 125 ms 15 bits 1 mV 8 bq34z100 not measuring cell voltage MΩ MΩ 8 bq34z100 measuring cell voltage Ilkg(ADC) TYP Conversion time Resolution VOS(ADC) MIN 0.05 100 Input leakage current (1) KΩ 0.3 µA DATA FLASH MEMORY CHARACTERISTICS TA = –40°C to 85°C, 2.4 V < REG25 < 2.6 V; Typical Values at TA = 25°C and REG25 = 2.5 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER tDR tWORDPROG ICCPROG (1) TEST CONDITIONS Data retention (1) MIN TYP MAX 10 Flash-programming write cycles (1) 20,000 Cycles Word programming time (1) Flash-write supply current (1) UNIT Years 5 2 ms 10 mA Assured by design. Not tested in production. HDQ COMMUNICATION TIMING CHARACTERISTICS TA = –40°C to 85°C, CREG = 0.47 μF, 2.45 V < VREGIN = VBAT < 5.5 V; typical values at TA = 25°C and VREGIN = VBAT = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT μs t(CYCH) Cycle time, host to bq34z100 190 t(CYCD) Cycle time, bq34z100 to host 190 250 μs t(HW1) Host sends 1 to bq34z100 0.5 50 μs t(DW1) bq34z100 sends 1 to host 32 50 μs t(HW0) Host sends 0 to bq34z100 86 145 μs t(DW0) bq34z100 sends 0 to host 80 145 μs t(RSPS) Response time, bq34z100 to host 190 950 μs t(B) Break time 190 μs t(BR) Break recovery time 40 μs t(RISE) HDQ line rising time to logic 1 (1.2 V) t(RST) HDQ Reset 205 950 1.8 2.2 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 ns s 7 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com 1.2V t(BR) t(B) t(RISE) (b) HDQ line rise time (a) Break and Break Recovery t(DW1) t(HW1) t(DW0) t(CYCD) t(HW0) t(CYCH) (d) Gauge Transmitted Bit (c) Host Transmitted Bit 1-bit R/W 7-bit address Break 8-bit data t(RSPS) (e) Gauge to Host Response Figure 3. Timing Diagrams I2C-COMPATIBLE INTERFACE TIMING CHARACTERISTICS TA = –40°C to 85°C, CREG = 0.47 μF, 2.45 V < VREGIN = VBAT < 5.5 V; typical values at TA = 25°C and VREGIN = VBAT = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 300 ns 300 ns tr SCL/SDA rise time tf SCL/SDA fall time tw(H) SCL pulse width (high) 600 ns tw(L) SCL pulse width (low) 1.3 μs tsu(STA) Setup for repeated start 600 ns td(STA) Start to first falling edge of SCL 600 ns tsu(DAT) Data setup time 100 ns th(DAT) Data hold time 0 ns tsu(STOP) Setup time for stop 600 ns tBUF Bus free time between stop and start 66 μs fSCL Clock frequency 400 tSU(STA) tw(H) tf tw(L) tr kHz t(BUF) SCL SDA td(STA) tsu(STOP) tf tr th(DAT) tsu(DAT) REPEATED START STOP START Figure 4. I2C-Compatible Interface Timing Diagrams 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The bq34z100 accurately predicts the battery capacity and other operational characteristics of a single cell or multiple rechargeable cells blocks, which are voltage balanced when resting. It supports various Li-Ion and LiFePO4 chemistries. It can be interrogated by a host processor to provide cell information, such as Remaining Capacity, Full Charge Capacity, and Average Current. Information is accessed through a series of commands, called Standard Commands. Further capabilities are provided by the additional Extended Commands set. Both sets of commands, indicated by the general format Command(), are used to read and write information contained within the bq34z100 device’s control and status registers, as well as its data flash locations. Commands are sent from host to gauge using the bq34z100 serial communications engines, HDQ, and I2C, and can be executed during application development, pack manufacture, or end-equipment operation. Cell information is stored in the bq34z100 in non-volatile flash memory. Many of these data flash locations are accessible during application development and pack manufacture. They cannot, generally, be accessed directly during end-equipment operation. Access to these locations is achieved by either use of the bq34z100’s companion evaluation software, through individual commands, or through a sequence of data-flash-access commands. To access a desired data flash location, the correct data flash subclass and offset must be known. The bq34z100 provides 32 bytes of user-programmable data flash memory. This data space is accessed through a data flash interface. For specifics on accessing the data flash, refer to DATA FLASH INTERFACE. The key to the bq34z100 device’s high-accuracy gas gauging prediction is Texas Instrument’s proprietary Impedance Track algorithm. This algorithm uses voltage measurements, characteristics, and properties to create state-of-charge predictions that can achieve accuracy with as little as 1% error across a wide variety of operating conditions. The bq34z100 measures charge/discharge activity by monitoring the voltage across a small-value series sense resistor connected in the low side of the battery circuit. When an application’s load is applied, cell impedance is measured by comparing its Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) with its measured voltage under loading conditions. The bq34z100 can use an NTC thermistor (default is Semitec 103AT or Mitsubishi BN35-3H103FB-50) for temperature measurement, or can also be configured to use its internal temperature sensor. The bq34z100 uses temperature to monitor the battery-pack environment, which is used for fuel gauging and cell protection functionality. To minimize power consumption, the bq34z100 has three power modes: NORMAL, SLEEP, and FULL SLEEP. The bq34z100 passes automatically between these modes, depending upon the occurrence of specific events. Multiple modes are available for configuring from one to 16 LEDs as an indicator of remaining state of charge. More than four LEDs require the use of one or two inexpensive SN74HC164 shift register expanders. A SHA-1/HMAC-based battery pack authentication feature is also implemented on the bq34z100. When the IC is in UNSEALED mode, authentication keys can be (re)assigned. Alternatively, keys can also be programmed permanently in secure memory by Texas Instruments. A scratch pad area is used to receive challenge information from a host and to export SHA-1/HMAC encrypted responses. See the AUTHENTICATION section for further details. NOTE Formatting conventions in this document: Commands: italics with parentheses and no breaking spaces, e.g. RemainingCapacity(). Data Flash: italics, bold, and breaking spaces, e.g. Design Capacity. Register Bits and Flags: brackets only, e.g. [TDA] Data Flash Bits: italic and bold, e.g. [LED1] Modes and states: ALL CAPITALS, e.g. UNSEALED mode. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 9 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com DATA COMMANDS STANDARD DATA COMMANDS The bq34z100 uses a series of 2-byte standard commands to enable host reading and writing of battery information. Each standard command has an associated command-code pair, as indicated in Table 2. Because each command consists of two bytes of data, two consecutive HDQ/I2C transmissions must be executed both to initiate the command function and to read or write the corresponding two bytes of data. Standard commands are accessible in NORMAL operation. Also, two block commands are available to read Manufacturer Name and Device Chemistry. Read/Write permissions depend on the active access mode. Table 2. Standard Commands NAME COMMAND CODE UNITS SEALED ACCESS UNSEALED ACCESS Control() CNTL 0x00 / 0x01 N/A R/W R/W StateOfCharge() SOC 0x02 / 0x03 % R R RemainingCapacity() RM 0x04 / 0x05 mAh R R FullChargeCapacity() FCC 0x06 / 0x07 mAh R R Voltage() VOLT 0x08 / 0x09 mV R R AverageCurrent() AI 0x0a / 0x0b mA R R Temperature() TEMP 0x0c / 0x0d 0.1ºK R R Flags() FLAGS 0x0e / 0x0f N/A R R Mfr Date DATE 0x6B / 0x6c N/A R R Mfr Name Length NAMEL 0x6d N/A R R Mfr Name NAME 0x6e – 0x78 N/A R R Device Chemistry Length CHEML 0x79 N/A R R Device Chemistry CHEM 0x7a – 0x7d N/A R R Serial Number SERNUM 0x7e / 0x7f N/A R R Control(): 0x00/0x01 Issuing a Control() command requires a subsequent two-byte sub-command. These additional bytes specify the particular control function desired. The Control() command allows the host to control specific features of the bq34z100 during normal operation, and additional features when the bq34z100 is in different access modes, as described in Table 3. Table 3. Control() Subcommands CNTL FUNCTION CNTL DATA SEALED ACCESS CONTROL_STATUS 0x0000 Yes Reports the status of DF Checksum, IT, for example. DESCRIPTION DEVICE_TYPE 0x0001 Yes Reports the device type of 0x0541 (indicating bq34z100) FW_VERSION 0x0002 Yes Reports the firmware version on the device type HW_VERSION 0x0003 Yes Reports the hardware version of the device type RESET_DATA 0x0005 No Returns reset data PREV_MACWRITE 0x0007 No Returns previous MAC command code CHEM_ID 0x0008 Yes Reports the chemical identifier of the Impedance Track configuration BOARD_OFFSET 0x0009 No Forces the device to measure and store the board offset CC_OFFSET 0x000A No Forces the device to measure the internal CC offset CC_OFFSET_SAVE 0x000B No Forces the device to store the internal CC offset DF_VERSION 0x000C Yes Reports the data flash version on the device SET_FULLSLEEP 0x0010 No Set the [FULLSLEEP] bit in the control register to 1 STATIC_CHEM_CHKSUM 0x0017 Yes Calculates chemistry checksum 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 Table 3. Control() Subcommands (continued) CNTL FUNCTION CNTL DATA SEALED ACCESS DESCRIPTION CURRENT 0x0018 Yes Returns the instantaneous current measured by the gauge SEALED 0x0020 No Places the device in SEALED access mode IT_ENABLE 0x0021 No Enables the Impedance Track algorithm CAL_ENABLE 0x002D No Toggle calibration mode RESET 0x0041 No Forces a full reset of the bq34z100 EXIT_CAL 0x0080 No Exit calibration mode ENTER_CAL 0x0081 No Enter calibration mode OFFSET_CAL 0x0082 No Reports internal CC offset in calibration mode CONTROL_STATUS: 0x0000 Instructs the fuel gauge to return status information to Control addresses 0x00/0x01. The status word includes the following information. Table 4. CONTROL_STATUS Flags Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 High Byte — FAS SS CALMODE CCA BCA CSV Bit 0 — Low Byte — — FULLSLEEP SLEEP LDMD RUP_DIS VOK QEN FAS: Status bit indicating the bq34z100 is in FULL ACCESS SEALED state. Active when set. SS: Status bit indicating the bq34z100 is in the SEALED State. Active when set. CSV: Status bit indicating a valid data flash checksum has been generated. Active when set. CALMODE: Status bit indicating the bq34z100 calibration function is active. True when set. Default is 0. CCA: Status bit indicating the bq34z100 Coulomb Counter Calibration routine is active. Active when set. BCA: Status bit indicating the bq34z100 Board Calibration routine is active. Active when set. FULLSLEEP: Status bit indicating the bq34z100 is in FULLSLEEP mode. True when set. The state can only be detected by monitoring the power used by the bq34z100 because any communication will automatically clear it. SLEEP: Status bit indicating the bq34z100 is in SLEEP mode. True when set. LDMD: Status bit indicating the bq34z100 Impedance Track algorithm using constant-power mode. True when set. Default is 0 (constant-current mode). RUP_DIS: Status bit indicating the bq34z100 Ra table updates are disabled. True when set. VOK: Status bit indicating cell voltages are OK for Qmax updates. True when set. QEN: Status bit indicating the bq34z100 Qmax updates are enabled. True when set. DEVICE TYPE: 0x0001 Instructs the fuel gauge to return the device type to addresses 0x00/0x01. FW_VERSION: 0x0002 Instructs the fuel gauge to return the firmware version to addresses 0x00/0x01. HW_VERSION: 0x0003 Instructs the fuel gauge to return the hardware version to addresses 0x00/0x01. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 11 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com RESET_DATA: 0x0005 Instructs the fuel gauge to return the number of resets performed to addresses 0x00/0x01. PREV_MACWRITE: 0x0007 Instructs the fuel gauge to return the previous command written to addresses 0x00/0x01. The value returned is limited to less than 0x0020. CHEM ID: 0x0008 Instructs the fuel gauge to return the chemical identifier for the Impedance Track configuration to addresses 0x00/0x01. BOARD_OFFSET: 0x0009 Instructs the fuel gauge to calibrate board offset. During board offset calibration the [BCA] bit is set. CC_OFFSET: 0x000A Instructs the fuel gauge to calibrate the coulomb counter offset. During calibration the [CCA] bit is set CC_OFFSET_SAVE: 0x000B Instructs the fuel gauge to save calibrate the coulomb counter offset after calibration. DF_VERSION: 0x000C Instructs the fuel gauge to return the data flash version to addresses 0x00/0x01. SET_FULLSLEEP: 0x0010 Instructs the fuel gauge to set the FULLSLEEP bit in Control Status register to 1. This allows the gauge to enter the FULLSLEEP power mode after the transition to SLEEP power state is detected. In FULLSLEEP mode less power is consumed by disabling an oscillator circuit used by the communication engines. For HDQ communication one host message will be dropped. For I2C communications, the first I2C message will incur a 6 ms–8 ms clock stretch while the oscillator is started and stabilized. A communication to the device in FULLSLEEP will force the part back to the SLEEP mode. STATIC_CHEM_DF_CHKSUM: 0x0017 Instructs the fuel gauge to calculate chemistry checksum as a 16-bit unsigned integer sum of all static chemistry data. The most significant bit (MSB) of the checksum is masked yielding a 15-bit checksum. This checksum is compared with the value stored in the data flash Static Chem DF Checksum. If the value matches, the MSB will be cleared to indicate pass. If it does not match, the MSB will be set to indicate failure. SEALED: 0x0020 Instructs the fuel gauge to transition from UNSEALED state to SEALED state. The fuel gauge should always be set to SEALED state for use in customer’s end equipment. IT ENABLE: 0x0021 Forces the fuel gauge to begin the Impedance Track algorithm, sets bit 2 of UpdateStatus and causes the [VOK] and [QEN] flags to be set in the CONTROL STATUS register. [VOK] is cleared if the voltages are not suitable for a Qmax update. Once set, [QEN] cannot be cleared. This command is only available when the fuel gauge is UNSEALED and is typically enabled at the last step of production after system test is completed. RESET: 0x0041 Instructs the fuel gauge to perform a full reset. This command is only available when the fuel gauge is UNSEALED. EXIT_CAL: 0x0080 Instructs the fuel gauge to exit calibration mode. 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 ENTER_CAL: 0x0081 Instructs the fuel gauge to enter calibration mode. OFFSET_CAL: 0x0082 Instructs the fuel gauge to perform offset calibration. StateOfCharge(): 0x02/0x03 This read-only function returns an unsigned integer value of the predicted remaining battery capacity expressed as a percentage of FullChargeCapacity(), with a range of 0 to 100%. RemainingCapacity(): 0x04/0x05 This read-only command pair returns the compensated battery capacity remaining. Units are 1 mAh per bit. FullChargeCapacity(): 0x06/07 This read-only command pair returns the compensated capacity of the battery when fully charged. Units are 1 mAh per bit except if X10 mode is selected. In X10 mode, units are 10 mAh per bit. FullChargeCapacity() is updated at regular intervals, as specified by the Impedance Track algorithm. Voltage(): 0x08/0x09 This read-word function returns an unsigned integer value of the measured cell-pack voltage in mV with a range of 0 V to 65535 mV. AverageCurrent(): 0x0a/0x0b This read-only command pair returns a signed integer value that is the average current flow through the sense resistor. It is updated every 1 second. Units are 1 mA per bit except if X10 mode is selected. In X10 mode, units are 10 mA per bit. Temperature(): 0x0c/0x0d This read-word function returns an unsigned integer value of the temperature in units of 0.1ºK measured by the gas gauge and has a range of 0 to 6553.5 ºK. The source of the measured temperature is configured by the [TEMPS] bit in the Pack Configuration register (see EXTENDED DATA COMMANDS). Table 5. Temperature Sensor Selection TEMPS Temperature() Source 0 Internal Temperature Sensor 1 TS Input (default) Flags(): 0x0e/0x0f This read-word function returns the contents of the gas-gauge status register, depicting current operation status. Table 6. Flags Bit Definitions Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 High Byte OTC OTD BATHIGH BATLOW CHG_INH RSVD FC CHG Low Byte OCVTAKEN ISD TDD RSVD RSVD SOC1 SOCF DSG OTC: Over-Temperature in Charge condition is detected. True when set. OTD = Over-Temperature in Discharge condition is detected. True when set. BATHIGH: Battery High bit indicating a high battery voltage condition. Refer to the data flash BATTERY HIGH parameters for threshold settings. BATLOW: Battery Low bit indicating a low battery voltage condition. Refer to the data flash BATTERY LOW parameters for threshold settings. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 13 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com CHG_INH: Charge Inhibit: unable to begin charging [Charge Inhibit Temp Low, Charge Inhibit Temp High]. True when set. RSVD: Reserved. FC: Full-charge is detected. FC is set when charge termination is reached and FC Set% = –1 (see CHARGING AND CHARGE TERMINATION INDICATION for details) or State of Charge is larger than FC SET% and FC Set% is not –1. True when set. CHG: (Fast) charging allowed. True when set. OCVTAKEN: Cleared on entry to relax mode and set to 1 when OCV measurement is performed in relax mode. ISD: Internal Short is detected. True when set. TDD = Tab Disconnect is detected. True when set. SOC1: State-of-Charge Threshold 1 reached. True when set. SOCF: State-of-Charge Threshold Final reached. True when set. DSG: Discharging detected. True when set. DATA FLASH INTERFACE ACCESSING DATA FLASH The bq34z100 data flash is a non-volatile memory that contains bq34z100 initialization, default, cell status, calibration, configuration, and user information. The data flash can be accessed in several different ways, depending on what mode the bq34z100 is operating in and what data is being accessed. Commonly accessed data flash memory locations, frequently read by a host, are conveniently accessed through specific instructions, already described in DATA COMMANDS. These commands are available when the bq34z100 is either in UNSEALED or SEALED modes. Most data flash locations, however, can only accessible in UNSEALED mode by use of the bq34z100 evaluation software or by data flash block transfers. These locations should be optimized and/or fixed during the development and manufacture processes. They become part of a Golden Image File and can then be written to multiple battery packs. Once established, the values generally remain unchanged during end-equipment operation. To access data flash locations individually, the block containing the desired data flash location(s) must be transferred to the command register locations, where they can be read to the host or changed directly. This is accomplished by sending the set-up command BlockDataControl() (code 0x61) with data 0x00. Up to 32 bytes of data can be read directly from the BlockData() command locations 0x40…0x5f, externally altered, then re-written to the BlockData() command space. Alternatively, specific locations can be read, altered, and re-written if their corresponding offsets are used to index into the BlockData() command space. Finally, the data residing in the command space is transferred to data flash, once the correct checksum for the whole block is written to BlockDataChecksum() (command number 0x60). Occasionally, a data flash CLASS will be larger than the 32-byte block size. In this case, the DataFlashBlock() command is used to designate which 32-byte block the desired locations reside in. The correct command address is then given by 0x40 + offset modulo 32. For example, to access Terminate Voltage in the Gas Gauging class, DataFlashClass() is issued 80 (0x50) to set the class. Because the offset is 48, it must reside in the second 32-byte block. Hence, DataFlashBlock() is issued 0x01 to set the block offset, and the offset used to index into the BlockData() memory area is 0x40 + 48 modulo 32 = 0x40 + 16 = 0x40 + 0X10 = 0x50. Reading and writing subclass data are block operations 32 bytes in length. Data can be written in shorter block sizes, however. Blocks can be shorter than 32 bytes in length. Writing these blocks back to data flash will not overwrite data that extend beyond the actual block length. None of the data written to memory are bounded by the bq34z100—the values are not rejected by the gas gauge. Writing an incorrect value may result in hardware failure due to firmware program interpretation of the invalid data. The data written is persistent, so a Power-On Reset does resolve the fault. 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 MANUFACTURER INFORMATION BLOCK The bq34z100 contains 32 bytes of user programmable data flash storage: Manufacturer Info Block. The method for accessing these memory locations is slightly different, depending on whether the device is in UNSEALED or SEALED modes. When in UNSEALED mode and when and “0x00” has been written to BlockDataControl(), accessing the Manufacturer Info Block is identical to accessing general data flash locations. First, a DataFlashClass() command is used to set the subclass, then a DataFlashBlock() command sets the offset for the first data flash address within the subclass. The BlockData() command codes contain the referenced data flash data. When writing the data flash, a checksum is expected to be received by BlockDataChecksum(). Only when the checksum is received and verified is the data actually written to data flash. As an example, the data flash location for Manufacturer Info Block is defined as having a Subclass = 58 and an Offset = 0 through 31 (32 byte block). The specification of Class = System Data is not needed to address Manufacturer Info Block, but is used instead for grouping purposes when viewing data flash info in the bq34z100 evaluation software. When in SEALED mode or when “0x01” BlockDataControl() does not contain “0x00”, data flash is no longer available in the manner used in UNSEALED mode. Rather than issuing subclass information, a designated Manufacturer Information Block is selected with the DataFlashBlock() command. Issuing a 0x01, 0x02, or 0x03 with this command causes the corresponding information block (A, B, or C, respectively) to be transferred to the command space 0x40…0x5f for editing or reading by the host. Upon successful writing of checksum information to BlockDataChecksum(), the modified block is returned to data flash. Note: Manufacturer Info Block A is “read only” when in SEALED mode. ACCESS MODES The bq34z100 provides three security modes which control data flash access permissions according to Table 7. Public Access refers to those data flash locations, specified in Table 20 that are accessible to the user. Private Access refers to reserved data flash locations used by the bq34z100 system. Care should be taken to avoid writing to Private data flash locations when performing block writes in Full Access mode by following the procedure outlined in ACCESSING DATA FLASH. Table 7. Data Flash Access Security Mode DF—Public Access DF—Private Access BOOTROM N/A N/A FULL ACCESS R/W R/W UNSEALED R/W R/W SEALED R N/A Although FULL ACCESS and UNSEALED modes appear identical, FULL ACCESS mode allows the bq34z100 to directly transition to BOOTROM mode and also write access keys. The UNSEALED mode lacks these abilities. SEALING/UNSEALING DATA FLASH ACCESS The bq34z100 implements a key-access scheme to transition between SEALED, UNSEALED, and FULLACCESS modes. Each transition requires that a unique set of two keys be sent to the bq34z100 via the Control() command (these keys are unrelated to the keys used for SHA-1/HMAC authentication). The keys must be sent consecutively, with no other data being written to the Control() register in between. Note that to avoid conflict, the keys must be different from the codes presented in the CNTL DATA column of Table 3 subcommands. When in SEALED mode the [SS] bit of Control Status() is set, but when the UNSEAL keys are correctly received by the bq34z100, the [SS] bit is cleared. When the full access keys are correctly received then the Flags() [FAS] bit is cleared. Both the sets of keys for each level are 2 bytes each in length and are stored in data flash. The UNSEAL key (stored at Unseal Key 0 and Unseal Key 1) and the FULL-ACCESS key (stored at Full Access Key 0 and Full Access Key 1) can only be updated when in FULL-ACCESS mode. The order of the bytes entered through the Control() command is the reverse of what is read from the part. For example, if the 1st and 2nd word of the UnSeal Key 0 returns 0x1234 and 0x5678, then Control() should supply 0x3412 and 0x7856 to unseal the part. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 15 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION FUEL GAUGING The bq34z100 measures the cell voltage, temperature, and current to determine the battery SOC based in the Impedance Track algorithm (refer to Theory and Implementation of Impedance Track Battery Fuel-Gauging Algorithm Application Report [SLUA450] for more information). The bq34z100 monitors charge and discharge activity by sensing the voltage across a small-value resistor (5 mΩ to 20 mΩ typ.) between the SRP and SRN pins and in-series with the cell. By integrating charge passing through the battery, the cell’s SOC is adjusted during battery charge or discharge. The total battery capacity is found by comparing states of charge before and after applying the load with the amount of charge passed. When an application load is applied, the impedance of the cell is measured by comparing the OCV obtained from a predefined function for present SOC with the measured voltage under load. Measurements of OCV and charge integration determine chemical state of charge and Chemical Capacity (Qmax). The initial Qmax value is taken from a cell manufacturers' data sheet multiplied by the number of parallel cells. The parallel value is also used for the value programmed in Design Capacity. The bq34z100 acquires and updates the battery-impedance profile during normal battery usage. It uses this profile, along with SOC and the Qmax value, to determine FullChargeCapacity() and StateOfCharge(), specifically for the present load and temperature. FullChargeCapacity() is reported as capacity available from a fully charged battery under the present load and temperature until Voltage() reaches the Terminate Voltage. NominalAvailableCapacity() and FullAvailableCapacity() are the uncompensated (no or light load) versions of RemainingCapacity() and FullChargeCapacity(), respectively. The bq34z100 has two flags accessed by the Flags() function that warns when the battery’s SOC has fallen to critical levels. When RemainingCapacity() falls below the first capacity threshold, specified in SOC1 Set Threshold, the [SOC1] (State of Charge Initial) flag is set. The flag is cleared once RemainingCapacity() rises above SOC1 Clear Threshold. All units are in mAh. When RemainingCapacity() falls below the second capacity threshold, SOCF Set Threshold, the [SOCF] (State of Charge Final) flag is set, serving as a final discharge warning. If SOCF Set Threshold = –1, the flag is inoperative during discharge. Similarly, when RemainingCapacity() rises above SOCF Clear Threshold and the [SOCF] flag has already been set, the [SOCF] flag is cleared. All units are in mAh. The bq34z100 has two additional flags accessed by the Flags() function that warn of internal battery conditions. The fuel gauge monitors the cell voltage during relaxed conditions to determine if an internal short has been detected When this condition occurs, [ISD] will be set. The bq34z100 also has the capability of detecting when a tab has been disconnected in a 2-cell parallel system by actively monitoring the state of health. When this condition occurs, [TDD] will be set. IMPEDANCE TRACK VARIABLES The bq34z100 has several data flash variables that permit the user to customize the Impedance Track algorithm for optimized performance. These variables are dependent upon the power characteristics of the application as well as the cell itself. Load Mode Load Mode is used to select either the constant current or constant power model for the Impedance Track algorithm as used in Load Select. See the Load Select section. When Load Mode is 0, the Constant Current Model is used (default). When Load Mode is 1, the Constant Power Model is used. The [LDMD] bit of CONTROL_STATUS reflects the status of Load Mode. Load Select Load Select defines the type of power or current model to be used to compute load-compensated capacity in the Impedance Track algorithm. If Load Mode = 0 (Constant Current) then the options presented in Table 8 are available. 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 Table 8. Current Model Used when Load Mode = 0 Load Select Value 0 Current Model Used Average discharge current from previous cycle: There is an internal register that records the average discharge current through each entire discharge cycle. The previous average is stored in this register. 1 (default) Present average discharge current: This is the average discharge current from the beginning of this discharge cycle until present time. 2 Average Current: based on the AverageCurrent() 3 Current: based on a low-pass-filtered version of AverageCurrent() (τ=14s) 4 Design Capacity / 5: C Rate based off of Design Capacity /5 or a C / 5 rate in mA. 5 Use the value specified by AtRate() 6 Use the value in User_Rate-mA: This gives a completely user configurable method. If Load Mode = 1 (Constant Power) then the following options are available: Table 9. Constant-Power Model Used when Load Mode = 1 Load Select Value 0 (default) Power Model Used Average discharge power from previous cycle: There is an internal register that records the average discharge power through each entire discharge cycle. The previous average is stored in this register. 1 Present average discharge power: This is the average discharge power from the beginning of this discharge cycle until present time. 2 Average Current × Voltage: based off the AverageCurrent() and Voltage(). 3 Current × Voltage: based on a low-pass-filtered version of AverageCurrent() (τ=14s) and Voltage() 4 Design Energy / 5: C Rate based off of Design Energy /5 or a C / 5 rate in mA . 5 Use whatever value specified by AtRate(). 6 Use the value in User_Rate-mW/cW. This gives a completely user-configurable method. Reserve Cap-mAh Reserve Cap-mAh determines how much actual remaining capacity exists after reaching 0 RemainingCapacity(), before Terminate Voltage is reached. A loaded rate or no-load rate of compensation can be selected for Reserve Cap by setting the [RESCAP] bit in the Pack Configuration register. Reserve Cap-mWh/cWh Reserve Cap-mWh determines how much actual remaining capacity exists after reaching 0 AvailableEnergy(), before Terminate Voltage is reached. A loaded rate or no-load rate of compensation can be selected for Reserve Cap by setting the [RESCAP] bit in the Pack Configuration register. Design Energy Scale Design Energy Scale is used to select the scale/unit of a set of data flash parameters. The value of Design Energy Scale can be either 1 or 10 only. When using Design Energy Scale = 10, the value for each of the parameters in Table 10 must be adjusted to reflect the new units. See X10 MODE. Table 10. Data Flash Parameter Scale/Unit-Based on Design Energy Scale Data Flash Parameter Design Energy Scale = 1 (default) Design Energy Scale = 10 Design Energy mWh cWh Reserve Energy-mWh/cWh mWh cWh Avg Power Last Run mW cW User Rate-mW/cW mWh cWh T Rise No Scale Scaled by X10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 17 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com Dsg Current Threshold This register is used as a threshold by many functions in the bq34z100 to determine if actual discharge current is flowing into or out of the cell. The default for this register should be sufficient for most applications. This threshold should be set low enough to be below any normal application load current but high enough to prevent noise or drift from affecting the measurement. Chg Current Threshold This register is used as a threshold by many functions in the bq34z100 to determine if actual charge current is flowing into or out of the cell. The default for this register should be sufficient for most applications. This threshold should be set low enough to be below any normal charge current but high enough to prevent noise or drift from affecting the measurement. Quit Current, Dsg Relax Time, Chg Relax Time, and Quit Relax Time The Quit Current is used as part of the Impedance Track algorithm to determine when the bq34z100 enters relaxation mode from a current flowing mode in either the charge direction or the discharge direction. The value of Quit Current is set to a default value that should be above the standby current of the host system. Either of the following criteria must be met to enter relaxation mode: 1. |AverageCurrent()| < |Quit Current| for Dsg Relax Time. 2. |AverageCurrent()| > |Quit Current| for Chg Relax Time. After about 6 minutes in relaxation mode, the bq34z100 attempts to take accurate OCV readings. An additional requirement of dV/dt < 4 μV/s is required for the bq34z100 to perform Qmax updates. These updates are used in the Impedance Track algorithms. It is critical that the battery voltage be relaxed during OCV readings to and that the current is not higher than C/20 when attempting to go into relaxation mode. Quit Relax Time specifies the minimum time required for AverageCurrent() to remain above the QuitCurrent threshold before exiting relaxation mode. Qmax Qmax Cell 0 contains the maximum chemical capacity of the cell and is determined by comparing states of charge before and after applying the load with the amount of charge passed. It also corresponds to capacity at low rate of discharge such as C/20 rate. For high accuracy, this value is periodically updated by the bq34z100 during operation. Based on the battery cell capacity information, the initial value of chemical capacity should be entered in the Qmax Cell 0 data flash parameter. The Impedance Track algorithm will update this value and maintain it internally in the gauge. Update Status The Update Status register indicates the status of the Impedance Track algorithm. Table 11. Update Status Definitions Update Status 18 Status 0x02 Qmax and Ra data are learned, but Impedance Track is not enabled. This should be the standard setting for a Golden Image File. 0x04 Impedance Track is enabled but Qmax and Ra data are not yet learned. 0x05 Impedance Track is enabled and only Qmax has been updated during a learning cycle. 0x06 Impedance Track is enabled. Qmax and Ra data are learned after a successful learning cycle. This should be the operation setting for end equipment. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 This register should only be updated by the bq34z100 during a learning cycle or when IT_ENABLE() subcommand is received. Refer to the Preparing Optimized Default Flash Constants for Specific Battery Types Application Report (SLUA334B). Avg I Last Run The bq34z100 logs the current averaged from the beginning to the end of each discharge cycle. It stores this average current from the previous discharge cycle in this register. This register should never need to be modified. It is only updated by the bq34z100 when required. Avg P Last Run The bq34z100 logs the power averaged from the beginning to the end of each discharge cycle. It stores this average power from the previous discharge cycle in this register. To get a correct average power reading the bq34z100 continuously multiplies instantaneous current times Voltage() to get power. It then logs this data to derive the average power. This register should never need to be modified. It is only updated by the bq34z100 when the required. Delta Voltage The bq34z100 stores the maximum difference of Voltage() during short load spikes and normal load, so the Impedance Track algorithm can calculate remaining capacity for pulsed loads. It is not recommended to change this value. The Ra Tables This data is automatically updated during device operation. No user changes should be made except for reading the values from another pre-learned pack for creating Golden Image Files. Profiles have format Cell0 R_a M, where M is the number indicating state of charge to which the value corresponds. PACK CONFIGURATION REGISTER Some bq34z100 pins are configured via the Pack Configuration data flash register, as indicated in Table 12. This register is programmed/read via the methods described in ACCESSING DATA FLASH. The register is located at subclass = 64, offset = 0. Table 12. Pack Configuration Register Bits Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 High Byte RESCAP CALEN RSVD RSVD VOLTSEL IWAKE RSNS1 RSNS0 Low Byte X10 RESFACTST EP SLEEP RMFCC RSVD RSVD RSVD TEMPS RESCAP: No-load rate of compensation is applied to the reserve capacity calculation. True when set. Default is 0. CALEN: When enabled, entering calibration mode is permitted. For special use only. Default = 0. RSVD: Reserved. Default = 0. VOLTSEL: This bit selects between use of internal or external battery voltage divider. The internal divider is for single cell use only. 1 = external. 0 = internal. Default is 0. IWAKE/RSNS1/RSNS0: These bits configure the current wake function (see Table 16). Default is 0/0/1. X10: X10 Capacity and/or Current bit. The mA, mAh, and cWh settings and reports will take on a value of ten times normal. This setting has no actual effect within the gauge. It is the responsibility of the host to reinterpret the reported values. X10 current measurement is achieved by calibrating the current measurement to a value X10 lower than actual. RESFACTSTEP: Enables Ra step up/down to Max/Min Res Factor before disabling Ra updates. Default is 1. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 19 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com SLEEP: The fuel gauge can enter sleep, if operating conditions allow. True when set. Default is 1. RMFCC: RM is updated with the value from FCC, on valid charge termination. True when set. Default is 1. RSVD: Reserved. Do not use. TEMPS: Selects external thermistor for Temperature() measurements. True when set. Uses internal temp when clear. Default is 1 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT The bq34z100 can measure temperature via the on-chip temperature sensor or via the TS input depending on the setting of the [TEMPS] bit PackConfiguration(). The bit is set by using the PackConfiguration() function, described in EXTENDED DATA COMMANDS. Temperature measurements are made by calling the Temperature() function (see STANDARD DATA COMMANDS for specific information). When an external thermistor is used, REG25 (pin 7) is used to bias the thermistor and TS (pin 11) is used to measure the thermistor voltage (a pull-down circuit is implemented inside the bq34z100). The bq34z100 then correlates the voltage to temperature, assuming the thermistor is a Semitec 103AT or similar device. OVER-TEMPERATURE INDICATION Over-Temperature: Charge If during charging, Temperature() reaches the threshold of DF:OT Chg for a period of OT Chg Time and AverageCurrent() > Chg Current Threshold, then the [OTC] bit of Flags() is set. Note: if OT Chg Time = 0 then feature is completely disabled. When Temperature() falls to OT Chg Recovery, the [OTC] of Flags() is reset. Over-Temperature: Discharge If, during discharging, Temperature() reaches the threshold of OT Dsg for a period of OT Dsg Time, and AverageCurrent() ≤ –Dsg Current Threshold, then the [OTD] bit of Flags() is set. NOTE If OT Dsg Time = 0, then the feature is completely disabled. When Temperature() falls to OT Dsg Recovery, the [OTD] bit of Flags() is reset. CHARGING AND CHARGE TERMINATION INDICATION For proper bq34z100 operation, the battery charging voltage must be specified by the user. The default value for this variable is Charging Voltage = 4200 mV. This parameter should be set to the recommended charging voltage for the entire battery stack. The bq34z100 detects charge termination when (1) during two consecutive periods of Current Taper Window, the AverageCurrent() is < Taper Current and (2) during the same periods, the accumulated change in capacity > 0.25 mAh /Taper Current Window and (3) Voltage() > Charging Voltage - Charging Taper Voltage. When this occurs, the [CHG] bit of Flags() is cleared. Also, if the [RMFCC] bit of Pack Configuration is set, and RemainingCapacity() is set equal to FullChargeCapacity(). 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 X10 MODE The bq34z100 supports high current and high capacity batteries above 32.76 Amperes and 32.76 Ampere-Hours by switching to a times-ten mode where currents and capacities are internally handled correctly, but various reported units and configuration quantities are rescaled to tens of milliamps and tens of milliamp-hours. The need for this is due to the standardization of a two byte data command having a maximum representation of +/–32767. When the X10 bit (Bit 7) is set in the Pack Configuration register, all of the mAh, cWh, and mWh settings will take on a value of ten times normal. When this bit is set, the actual units for all capacity and energy parameters will be 10 mAh or Wh. This includes reporting of Remaining Capacity. This bit will also be used to rescale the current reporting to 10 times normal, up to +/–327 A. The actual resolution in that case becomes 10 mA. It is important to know that setting the X10 flag does not actually change anything in the operation of the gauge. It serves as a notice to the host that the various reported values should be reinterpreted ten times higher. X10 Current measurement is achieved by calibrating the current gain to a value X10 lower than actually applied. Because the flag has no actual effect, it can be used to represent other scaling values. See Design Energy Scale. REMAINING STATE OF CHARGE LED INDICATION The bq34z100 supports multiple options for using one to sixteen LEDs as an output device to display the remaining state of charge. The LED/Comm Configuration register determines the behavior. Table 13. LED/COMM Configuration Bits Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 XLED3 XLED2 XLED1 XLED0 LEDON Mode2 Mode1 Mode0 Bits 0, 1, 2 are a code for one of five modes. 0 = No LED, 1 = Single LED, 2 = Four LEDs, 3 = External LEDs with I2C comm, 4 = External LEDs with HDQ comm. Setting Bit 3, LEDON, will cause the LED display to be always on, except in Single LED mode. When clear (default), the LED pattern will only be displayed after holding an LED display button for one to two seconds. The button applies 2.5 V from REG25 pin 7 to VEN pin 2 (refer to APPLICATION SCHEMATICS). The LED Hold Time parameter may be used to configure how long the LED display remains on if LEDON is clear. LED Hold Time configures the update interval for the LED display if LEDON is set. Bits 4, 5, 6, and 7 are a binary code for number of external LEDs. Code 0 is reserved. Codes 1 through 15 represents 2~16 external LEDs. So, number of External LEDs is 1 + Value of the 4-bit binary code. Display of Remaining Capacity will be evenly divided among the selected number of LEDs. Upon detecting A/D value representing 2.5 V on VEN pin, Single LED mode will toggle the LED as duty cycle on within a period of one second. So, for example 10% RSOC will have the LED on for 100 ms and off for 900 ms. 90% RSOC will have the LED on for 900 ms and off for 100 ms. Any value >90% will display as 90%. Upon detecting A/D value representing 2.5 V on VEN pin, Four-LED mode will display the RSOC by driving pins RC2(LED1), RC0(LED2), RA1(LED3),RA2(LED4) in a proportional manner where each LED represents 25% of the remaining state of charge. For example, if RSOC = 67%, three LEDs will be illuminated. Upon detecting A/D value representing 2.5 V on the VEN pin, External LED mode will transmit the RSOC into an SN74HC164 (for 2~8 LEDs) or two SN74HC164 devices (for 9~16 LEDs) using a bit-banged approach with RC2 as Clock and RC0 as Data (see Figure 9). LEDs will be lit for number of seconds as defined in a data flash parameter. Refer to the SN54HC164, SN74HC164 8-Bit Parallel-Out Serial Shift Registers Data Sheet (SCLS115E) for detail on these devices. Extended commands are available to turn the LEDs on and off for test purposes. ALERT SIGNAL Based on the selected LED mode, various options are available for the hardware implementation of an Alert signal. Software configuration of the Alert Configuration register determines which alert conditions will assert the Alert pin. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 21 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com Table 14. Alert Signal Pins Mode Description Alert Pin Alert Pin Name Config Register Hex Code 0 No LED 1 P2 0 1 Single LED 1 P2 1 2 4 LED 11 P6 2 3 5-LED Expander with I2C Host Comm 12 P5 43 3 10-LED Expander with I2C Host Comm 12 P5 93 4 5-LED Expander with HDQ Host Comm 13 P4 44 4 10-LED Expander with HDQ Host Comm 13 P4 94 Comment Filter and FETs are required to eliminate temperature sense pulses. See APPLICATION SCHEMATICS. The port used for the Alert output will depend on the mode setting in LED/Comm Configuration as defined in Table 14. The default mode is 0. The Alert pin will be asserted by driving LOW. However, note that in LED/COM mode 2, pin TS/P6, which has a dual purpose as temperature sense pin will be driven low except when temperature measurements are made each second. Refer to the reference schematic for filter implementation details if host alert sensing requires a continuous signal. The Alert pin will be a logical OR of the selected bits in the new configuration register when asserted in the Flags register. Default value for Alert Configuration register is 0. Table 15. Alert Configuration Register Bit Definitions Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 High Byte OTC OTD BATHIGH BATLOW CHG_INH Low Byte OCVTAKEN ISD TDD RSVD RSVD RSVD FC CHG SOC1 SOCF DSG OTC: Over-Temperature in Charge condition is detected. Alert enabled when set. OTD: Over-Temperature in Discharge condition is detected. Alert enabled when set. BATHIGH: Battery High bit indicating a high battery voltage condition. Refer to the data flash BATTERY HIGH parameters for threshold settings. Alert enabled when set. BATLOW: Battery Low bit indicating a low battery voltage condition. Refer to the data flash BATTERY LOW parameters for threshold settings. Alert enabled when set. CHG_INH: Charge Inhibit: unable to begin charging [Charge Inhibit Temp Low, Charge Inhibit Temp High]. Alert enabled when set. RSVD: Reserved. Do not use. FC: Full-charge is detected. FC is set when charge termination is reached and FC Set% = –1. (See CHARGING AND CHARGE TERMINATION INDICATION for details) or State of Charge is larger than FC Set% and FC Set% is not –1. Alert enabled when set. CHG: (Fast) charging allowed. Alert enabled when set. OCVTAKEN: Cleared on entry to relax mode and set to 1 when OCV measurement is performed in relax mode. Alert enabled when set. ISD: Internal Short is detected. Alert enabled when set. TDD: Tab Disconnect is detected. Alert enabled when set. SOC1: State-of-Charge Threshold 1 reached. Alert enabled when set. SOCF: State-of-Charge Threshold Final reached. Alert enabled when set. DSG: Discharging detected. Alert enabled when set. 22 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 POWER MODES The bq34z100 has three power modes: NORMAL mode, SLEEP mode, and FULLSLEEP mode. • In NORMAL mode, the bq34z100 is fully powered and can execute any allowable task. • In SLEEP mode, the gas gauge exists in a reduced-power state, periodically taking measurements and performing calculations. • In FULLSLEEP mode, the high frequency oscillator is turned off, and power consumption is further reduced compared to SLEEP mode. NORMAL Mode The gas gauge is in NORMAL mode when not in any other power mode. During this mode, AverageCurrent(), Voltage() and Temperature() measurements are taken, and the interface data set is updated. Decisions to change states are also made. This mode is exited by activating a different power mode. SLEEP Mode SLEEP mode is entered when (1) AverageCurrent() is below a programmable level Sleep Current and (2) if the [BUSLOW] bit of Pack Configuration() is set and the data bus (both SCL and SDA low pins) is low for 5 s. Once entry to sleep has been qualified but prior to entry to SLEEP mode, the bq34z100 performs an ADC autocalibration to minimize offset. Entry to SLEEP mode can be disabled by the [SLEEP] bit of Pack Configuration(), where 0 = disabled and 1 = enabled. During SLEEP mode, the bq34z100 periodically wakes to take data measurements and updates the data set, after which it then returns directly to SLEEP. The bq34z100 exits SLEEP if any entry condition is broken, a change in protection status occurs, or a current in excess of IWAKE through RSENSE is detected. FULLSLEEP Mode FULLSLEEP mode is enabled by setting the Pack Configuration [FULLSLEEP] bit in the Control Status register. FULLSLEEP mode is entered automatically when the bq34z100 is in SLEEP mode and the timer counts down to 0 (Full Sleep Wait Time > 0). FULLSLEEP mode is disabled when Full Sleep Wait Time is set to 0. During FULLSLEEP mode, the bq34z100 periodically takes data measurements and updates its data set. However, a majority of its time is spent in an idle condition. The gauge exits the FULLSLEEP mode when there is any communication activity. Therefore, the execution of SET_FULLSLEEP sets [FULLSLEEP] bit, but the EVSW might still display the bit clear. The FULLSLEEP mode can be verified by measuring the current consumption of the gauge. In this mode, the high frequency oscillator is turned off. The power consumption is further reduced compared to the SLEEP mode. While in FULLSLEEP mode, the fuel gauge can suspend serial communications as much as 4 ms by holding the communication line(s) low. This delay is necessary to correctly process host communication since the fuel gauge processor is mostly halted. For HDQ communication one host message will be dropped. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 23 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com POWER CONTROL RESET FUNCTIONS When the bq34z100 detects either a hardware or software reset (/MRST pin driven low or the [RESET] bit of Control() initiated, respectively), it determines the type of reset and increments the corresponding counter. This information is accessible by issuing the command Control() function with the RESET_DATA subcommand. As shown in Figure 5, if a partial reset was detected, a RAM checksum is generated and compared against the previously stored checksum. If the checksum values do not match, the RAM is reinitialized (a “Full Reset”). The stored checksum is updated every time RAM is altered. DEVICE RESET Generate Active RAM checksum value NO Do the Checksum Values Match? Stored checksum Re-initialize all RAM YES NORMAL OPERATION NO Active RAM changed ? YES Store checksum Generate new checksum value Figure 5. Partial Reset Flow Diagram WAKE-UP COMPARATOR The wake up comparator is used to indicate a change in cell current while the bq34z100 is in SLEEP mode. PackConfiguration() uses bits [RSNS1-RSNS0] to set the sense resistor selection. PackConfiguration() uses the [IWAKE] bit to select one of two possible voltage threshold ranges for the given sense resistor selection. An internal interrupt is generated when the threshold is breached in either charge or discharge directions. A setting of 0x00 of RSNS1..0 disables this feature. Table 16. IWAKE t=Threshold Settings (1) (1) 24 RSNS1 RSNS0 IWAKE Vth(SRP–SRN) 0 0 0 Disabled 0 0 1 Disabled 0 1 0 +1.25 mV or –1.25 mV 0 1 1 +2.5 mV or –2.5 mV 1 0 0 +2.5 mV or –2.5 mV 1 0 1 +5 mV or –5 mV The actual resistance value vs. the setting of the sense resistor is not important just the actual voltage threshold when calculating the configuration. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 Table 16. IWAKE t=Threshold Settings(1) (continued) RSNS1 RSNS0 IWAKE Vth(SRP–SRN) 1 1 0 +5 mV or –5 mV 1 1 1 +10 mV or –10 mV FLASH UPDATES Data flash can only be updated if Voltage() ≥ Flash Update OK Voltage. Flash programming current can cause an increase in LDO dropout. The value of Flash Update OK Voltage should be selected such that the bq34z100 Vcc voltage does not fall below its minimum of 2.4 V during Flash write operations. The default value of 2800 mV is appropriate. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 25 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com VOLTAGE DIVISION AND CALIBRATION The bq34z100 is shipped with factory configuration for the default case of 1 series Li-Ion cell. This can be changed by setting the VOLTSEL bit in the Pack Configuration register and by setting the number of series cells in the data flash configuration section. Multi-cell applications, with voltages up to 65535 mV may be gauged by using the appropriate input scaling resistors such that the maximum battery voltage, under all conditions, appears at the BAT input as approximately 900 mV. The actual gain function is determined by a calibration process and the resulting voltage calibration factor is stored in the data flash location Voltage Divider. For single-cell applications, an external divider network is not required. Inside the IC, behind the BAT pin is a nominal 5:1 voltage divider with 88 KΩ in the top leg and 22 KΩ in the bottom leg. This internal divider network is enabled by clearing the VOLTSEL bit in the Pack Configuration register. This ratio is optimum for directly measuring a single cell Li-Ion cell where charge voltage is limited to 4.5 V. For higher voltage applications, an external resistor divider network should be implemented as per the reference designs in this document. The quality of the divider resistors is very important to avoid gauging errors over time and temperature. It is recommended to use 0.1% resistors with 25ppm temperature coefficient. Alternately, a matched network could be used that tracks its dividing ratio with temperature and age due to the similar geometry of each element. Calculation of the series resistor can be made per the equation below. Note that exceeding Vin max mV will result in a measurement with degraded linearity. The bottom leg of the divider resistor should be in the range of 15 KΩ to 25 KΩ. Assuming we will use 16.5 KΩ: Rseries = 16500 Ω (Vin max mV – 900 mV) / 900 mV For all applications, the Voltage Divider value in data flash will be used by the firmware to calibrate the total divider ratio. The nominal value for this parameter is the maximum expected value for the stack voltage. The calibration routine adjusts the value to force the reported voltage to equal the actual applied voltage. 1S EXAMPLE For stack voltages under 4.5 volts max, it is not necessary to provide an external voltage divider network. The internal 5:1 divider should be selected by clearing the VOLTSEL bit in the Pack Configuration register. The default value for Voltage Divider is 5000 (representing the internal 5000:1000 mV divider) when no external divider resistor is used, and the default number of series cells = 1. In the 1S case, there is usually no requirement to calibrate the voltage measurement, since the internal divider is calibrated during factory test to within 2 mV. 7S EXAMPLE In the multi-cell case, the hardware configuration is different. An external voltage divider network is calculated using the Rseries formula above. The bottom leg of the divider should be in the range of 15 KΩ to 25 KΩ. For more details on configuration, see DESIGN STEPS. AUTOCALIBRATION The bq34z100 provides an autocalibration feature that will measure the voltage offset error across SRP and SRN from time-to-time as operating conditions change. It subtracts the resulting offset error from normal sense resistor voltage, VSR, for maximum measurement accuracy. The gas gauge performs a single offset calibration when (1) the interface lines stay low for a minimum of Bus Low Time and (2) Vsr > Deadband. The gas gauge also performs a single offset when (1) the condition of AverageCurrent() ≤ Autocal Min Current and (2) {voltage change since last offset calibration ≥ Delta Voltage} or {temperature change since last offset calibration is greater than Delta Temperature for ≥ Autocal Time}. Capacity and current measurements should continue at the last measured rate during the offset calibration when these measurements cannot be performed. If the battery voltage drops more than Cal Abort during the offset calibration, the load current has likely increased considerably; hence, the offset calibration will be aborted. 26 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 COMMUNICATIONS AUTHENTICATION The bq34z100 can act as a SHA-1/HMAC authentication slave by using its internal engine. Sending a 160-bit SHA-1 challenge message to the bq34z100 will cause the IC to return a 160-bit digest, based upon the challenge message and hidden plain-text authentication keys. When this digest matches an identical one, generated by a host or dedicated authentication master (operating on the same challenge message and using the same plain text keys), the authentication process is successful. The bq34z100 contains a default plain-text authentication key of 0x0123456789ABCDEFFEDCBA987654321. If using the bq34z100 device's internal authentication engine, the default key can be used for development purposes, but should be changed to a secret key and the part immediately sealed, before putting a pack into operation. KEY PROGRAMMING When the bq34z100 device's SHA-1/HMAC internal engine is used, authentication keys are stored as plain-text in memory. A plain-text authentication key can only be written to the bq34z100 while the IC is in UNSEALED mode. Once the IC is UNSEALED, a 0x00 is written to BlockDataControl() to enable the authentication data commands. Next, subclass ID and offset are specified by writing 0x70 and 0x00 to DataFlashClass() and DataFlashBlock(), respectively. The bq34z100 is now prepared to receive the 16-byte plain-text key, which must begin at command location 0x4C. The key is accepted once a successful checksum has been written to BlockDataChecksum(), for the entire 32-byte block (0x40 through 0x5f), not just the 16-byte key. EXECUTING AN AUTHENTICATION QUERY To execute an authentication query in UNSEALED mode, a host must first write 0x01 to the BlockDataControl() command, to enable the authentication data commands. If in SEALED mode, 0x00 must be written to DataFlashBlock(), instead. Next, the host writes a 20-byte authentication challenge to the AuthenticateData() address locations (0x40 through 0x53). After a valid checksum for the challenge is written to AuthenticateChecksum(), the bq34z100 uses the challenge to perform it own the SHA-1/HMAC computation, in conjunction with its programmed keys. The resulting digest is written to AuthenticateData(), overwriting the pre-existing challenge. The host may then read this response and compare it against the result created by its own parallel computation. HDQ SINGLE-PIN SERIAL INTERFACE The HDQ interface is an asynchronous return-to-one protocol where a processor sends the command code to the bq34z100. With HDQ, the least significant bit (LSB) of a data byte (command) or word (data) is transmitted first. Note that the DATA signal on pin 12 is open-drain and requires an external pull-up resistor. The 8-bit command code consists of two fields: the 7-bit HDQ command code (bits 0–6) and the 1-bit R/W field (MSB Bit 7). The R/W field directs the bq34z100 either to • Store the next 8 or 16 bits of data to a specified register or • Output 8 or 16 bits of data from the specified register The HDQ peripheral can transmit and receive data as either an HDQ master or slave. The return-to-one data bit frame of HDQ consists of three distinct sections. The first section is used to start the transmission by either the host or by the bq34z100 taking the DATA pin to a logic-low state for a time tSTRH,B. The next section is for data transmission, where the data are valid for a time tDSU, after the negative edge used to start communication. The data are held until a time tDV, allowing the host or bq34z100 time to sample the data bit. The final section is used to stop the transmission by returning the DATA pin to a logic-high state by at least a time tSSU, after the negative edge used to start communication. The final logic-high state is held until the end of tCYCH,B, allowing time to ensure the transmission was stopped correctly. The timing for data and break communication is shown in HDQ COMMUNICATION TIMING CHARACTERISTICS. HDQ serial communication is normally initiated by the host processor sending a break command to the bq34z100. A break is detected when the DATA pin is driven to a logic-low state for a time tB or greater. The DATA pin should then be returned to its normal ready high logic state for a time tBR. The bq34z100 is now ready to receive information from the host processor. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 27 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com The bq34z100 is shipped in the I2C mode. TI provides tools to enable the HDQ peripheral. I2C INTERFACE The gas gauge supports the standard I2C read, incremental read, one-byte write quick read, and functions. The 7-bit device address (ADDR) is the most significant 7 bits of the hex address and is fixed as 1010101. The 8-bit device address is therefore 0xAA or 0xAB for write or read, respectively. Host Generated S 0 A ADDR[6:0] Fuel Gauge Generated A CMD[7:0] A P DATA[7:0] S 1 ADDR[6:0] A (a) S ADDR[6:0] 0 A DATA[7:0] N P (b) CMD[7:0] A Sr 1 ADDR[6:0] A DATA[7:0] N P ... DATA[7:0] (c) S ADDR[6:0] 0 A CMD[7:0] A Sr ADDR[6:0] 1 A DATA[7:0] A N P (d) Figure 6. Supported I2C formats: (a) 1-byte write, (b) quick read, (c) 1 byte-read, and (d) incremental read (S = Start, Sr = Repeated Start, A = Acknowledge, N = No Acknowledge, and P = Stop). The “quick read” returns data at the address indicated by the address pointer. The address pointer, a register internal to the I2C communication engine, increments whenever data is acknowledged by the bq34z100 or the I2C master. “Quick writes” function in the same manner and are a convenient means of sending multiple bytes to consecutive command locations (such as two-byte commands that require two bytes of data). Attempt to write a read-only address (NACK after data sent by master): S ADDR[6:0] 0 A A CMD[7:0] A DATA[7:0] P Attempt to read an address above 0x7F (NACK command): S 0 ADDR[6:0] CMD[7:0] A N P Attempt at incremental writes (NACK all extra data bytes sent): S ADDR[6:0] 0 A CMD[7:0] A DATA[7:0] A DATA[7:0] N A ... ... N P Incremental read at the maximum allowed read address: S ADDR[6:0] 0 A CMD[7:0] A Sr ADDR[6:0] 1 A DATA[7:0] Address 0x7F Data From addr 0x7F DATA[7:0] N P Data From addr 0x00 The I2C engine releases both SDA and SCL if the I2C bus is held low for tBUSERR. If the gas gauge was holding the lines, releasing them frees the master to drive the lines. If an external condition is holding either of the lines low, the I2C engine enters the low-power SLEEP mode. DESIGN STEPS For additional design guidelines, refer to the bq34z100EVM Wide Range Impedance Track Enabled Battery Fuel Gauge User's Guide (SLUU904). STEP 1: Review and modify the Data Flash Configuration Data. While many of the default parameters in the data flash will be suitable for most applications, the following should first be reviewed and modified to match the intended application. • Design Capacity: Enter the value in mAh for the battery, even if you plan to treat your application from the “design energy” point of view. • Design Energy: Enter the value in mWh. 28 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com • SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 Cell Charge Voltage Tx-Ty: Enter the desired cell charge voltage for each JEITA temperature range. STEP 2: Review and modify the Data Flash Configuration Registers. • • • • LED_Comm Configuration: See Table 13 and Table 14 to aid in selection of an LED mode. Note that the pin used for the optional Alert signal is dependent upon the LED mode selected. Alert Configuration: See Table 15 to aid in selection of which faults will trigger the Alert pin. Number of Series Cells Pack Configuration: Ensure that the VOLSEL bit is set for multi-cell applications and cleared for single-cell applications. STEP 3: Design and Configure the Voltage Divider. If the battery contains more than one series cells, a voltage divider network will be required. Design the divider network, based on the formula below. The voltage division required is from the highest expected battery voltage, down to approximately 900 mV. For example, using a lower leg resistor of 16.5 KΩ where the highest expected voltage is 32000 mV: Rseries = 16.5 KΩ ( 32000 mV – 900 mV) / 900 mV = 570.2 KΩ Based on price and availability, a 600 K resistor or pair of 300 K resistors could be used in the top leg along with a 16.5-K resistor in the bottom leg. Set the Voltage Divider in the Data Flash Calibration section of the Evaluation Software to 32000 mV. Use the Evaluation Software to calibrate to the applied nominal voltage, e.g.: 24000 mV. After calibration, a slightly different value will appear in the Voltage Divider parameter, which can be used as a default value for the project. STEP 4: Determine the Sense Resistor Value. To ensure accurate current measurement, the input voltage generated across the current sense resistor should not exceed +/– 125 mV. For applications having very high dynamic range, it is allowable to extend this range to absolute maximum of +/–300 mV for overload conditions where a protector device will be taking independent protective action. In such an overloaded state, current reporting and gauging accuracy will not function correctly. The value of the current sense resistor should be entered into both CC Gain and CC Delta parameters in the Data Flash Calibration section of the Evaluation Software. STEP 5: Review and Modify the Data Flash Gas Gauging Configuration, Data, and State. • Load Select: See Table 8 and Table 9. • Load Mode: See Table 8 and Table 9. • Cell Terminate Voltage: This is the theoretical voltage where the system will begin to fail. It is defined as zero state of charge. Generally a more conservative level is used in order to have some reserve capacity. Note the value is for a single cell only. • Quit Current: Generally should be set to a value slightly above the expected idle current of the system. • Qmax Cell 0: Start with the C-rate value of your battery. STEP 6: Determine and Program the Chemical ID. Use the bqChem feature in the Evaluation Software to select and program the chemical ID matching your cell. If no match is found, use the procedure defined in TI's Mathcad Chemistry Selection Tool (SLUC138). STEP 7: Calibrate. Follow the steps on the Calibration screen in the Evaluation Software. Achieving the best possible calibration is important before moving on to Step 8. For mass production, calibration is not required for single-cell applications. For multi-cell applications, only voltage calibration is required. Current and temperature may be calibrated to improve gauging accuracy if needed. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 29 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com STEP 8: Run an Optimization Cycle. Please refer to the Preparing Optimized Default Flash Constants for Specific Battery Types Application Report (SLUA334B). 30 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 TB3 2 3 BAT - 1 PACK - BAT + Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 GND AGND REGIN AGND R30 .010 75ppm 0.1uF C2 AGND R5 100 R6 100 1K R1 C6 C5 LED Display SW1 U2 VEN 0.1uF C8 REG25 REGIN CE BAT P1 1uF C7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0.1uF VSS SRP SRN P6/TS P5/HDQ P4/SCL P3/SDA BQ34Z100PW P2 0.1uF 7 6 5 4 2 3 P1 C1 1 0.1uF P2 AGND LED0 LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 REGIN GND GND D3 QTLP610C-4 GRN R12 R11 R10 D11 QTLP610C-4 GRN D12 QTLP610C-4 GRN R9 R8 P1 AZ23C5V6-7 D2 R13 100 D10 QTLP610C-4 GRN D9 QTLP610C-4 GRN RT1 10K R14 100 AZ23C5V6-7 R55 100 R56 100 D1 R53 100 R54 100 470 470 470 470 470 GND GND GND J9 4 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 GND QD QC QB QA B A U3 CLK ~CLR QE QF QG QH VCC SN74HC164PW J10 GND 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 REGIN HDQ or ALERT GND SDA SCLor ALERT 1 2 4 3 P2 C3 0.1uF GND bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 APPLICATION SCHEMATICS 1-Cell Li-Ion and 5-LED Display Figure 7. 1-Cell Li-Ion and 5-LED Display Submit Documentation Feedback 31 SH1 SH2 Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 SH1 SH2 GND AGND R30 .010 75ppm * * Optimize for required voltage and current 2 3 TB3 BAT - 1 PACK - BAT + 10k * R3 R1 Q3 2N7002 C2 0.1uF AGND GND BZT52C5V6T R7 D AGND 3 REGIN 16.5 K .1% 25PPM * VOLTAGE DIVIDER .1% 25PPM * D7 Q5 BSS84 R4 165K * AGND R6 R5 LED Display SW1 3300 pF C1 GND Q4 2N7002 2 S 32 G 1 R2 100K * 100 100 1k R15 P1 P2 C6 C5 REG25 U2 VEN 0.1uF C8 REG25 REGIN CE BAT P1 1uF C7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0.1uF VSS SRP SRN P6/TS P5/HDQ P4/SCL P3/SDA BQ34Z100PW P2 0.1uF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 AGND REG25 10K RT1 LED0 LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 REGIN D1 GND GND R11 R12 QTLP610C-4 GRN D3 D12 QTLP610C-4 GRN R9 R10 D11 QTLP610C-4 GRN R8 P1 AZ23C5V6-7 D2 D10 QTLP610C-4 GRN D9 QTLP610C-4 GRN R14 100 R13 100 R55 100 R56 100 AZ23C5V6-7 R53 100 R54 100 1k 1k 1k 1k 1k GND 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 GND QD QC QB QA B A U3 CLK ~CLR QE QF QG QH VCC SN74HC164PW 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 GND GND J9 4 3 REGIN 1 2 P2 C3 J10 0.1uF GND GND HDQ or ALERT GND SCLor ALERT 1 SDA 4 3 2 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com Multi-Cell and 5-LED Display Figure 8. Multi-Cell and 5-LED Display Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated BAT - BAT + PACK - TB3 3 2 1 GND R30 .010 75ppm AGND Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 2 R9 R10 R11 R12 R18 R20 R22 R23 R24 D11 QTLP610C-7 RED D12 QTLP610C-3 YEL D13 QTLP610C-3 YEL D14 QTLP610C-3 YEL D15 QTLP610C-4 GRN D16 QTLP610C-4 GRN D17 QTLP610C-4 GRN D6 TP2 6 5 6 U3 U1 CLK ~CLR QE QF QG QH VCC 13 14 8 9 10 11 12 C4 TP5 TP6 TP7 TP8 0.1uF P2 GND GND C6 C5 2 1 VEN P2 REGIN 0.1uF C8 REG25 REGIN CE BAT P1 0.1uF 7 6 5 4 3 P4/SCL P3/SDA 14 13 1uF 8 9 10 11 0.1uF C7 VSS SRP SRN P6/TS P5/HDQ 12 J1 AGND QTLP610C-4 GRN GND R32 1M Q1 2SK3019 LED A Open for I2C I2C pullups normally implemented in the host. Duplicated here since EV2300 does not provide CLK ~CLR QE QF QG QH VCC 8 9 10 11 12 13 100 R6 0.1uF 100 REG25 R38 1k LED Display R5 C3 AGND SW1 P2 P1 U2 BQ34Z100PW 3 GND QD QC QB QA B A SN74HC164PW GND QD QC QB QA B A 14 MultiCell MultiCell 1S 1S 0.1uF C2 AGND 3300 pF 48V Optional for additional power saving 7 TP4 4 3 2 1 7 TP3 GND GND 5 4 3 2 1 J5 SN74HC164PW 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 C9 16V 32V Adjust for minimum current consumption in the application 1k 1k 1k 1k 1k 1k 1k 1k 1k 1k 16.5K .1% GND 300K .1% R27 Vscale Hi Vscale Lo TP1 300K .1% R26 1 QTLP610C-4 GRN R8 P1 AGND R28 Q3 2N7002 D9 QTLP610C-7 RED REGIN 300K .1% R1 D7 BZT52C5V6S-7 Q5 BSS84 D10 QTLP610C-7 RED 10k R3 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 J2 LED B GND GND R33 1M Q2 2SK3019 D8 1uF C1 R7 2M 2SK3019 Q7 R15 1k P4 GND P3 3 GND D3 1k R16 R21 220K D4 1k R17 GND R29 10k LED C Q6 2SK3019 RT1 10K REGIN P2 REG25 A B P1 P2 P3 P4 D D5 1k R19 C REGIN LED D J3 R31 10k R14 100 GND 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 J6 EXT A B C D R13 100 R34 100 R36 100 AZ23C5V6-7 D2 GND LED CONFIGURATION OPTIONS ALERT CONFIGURATION 200 R25 D1 AZ23C5V6-7 R37 100 R35 100 1 J7 4 3 1 2 2 3 TB1 J4 Fiducial Marks GND GND GND GND ALERT GND HDQ GND SDA 1 SCL 4 3 2 www.ti.com 2 LED0 LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 LED5 LED6 LED7 LED8 LED9 SH2 GND 1 Q4 BSS138 2 1 QTLP610C-4 GRN R4 165K QTLP610C-4 GRN 1 QTLP610C-4 GRN 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 R2 100K bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 Full-Featured Evaluation Module EVM Figure 9. Full-Featured Evaluation Module EVM Submit Documentation Feedback 33 SH1 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com REFERENCE OPERATION CONFIGURATION B REGISTER Some bq34z100 advanced features are rarely used. Operation Configuration registers B and C are available for configuring special applications. Default settings are recommended. Table 17. Operation Configuration B Bit Definition Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 ChgDoDEoC SE_TDD VconsEN SE_ISD RSVD LFPRelax DoDWT FConvEn ChgDoDEoC: Enable DoD at EoC during charging only. True when set. Default is 1. Default setting is recommended. SE_TDD: Enable Tab Disconnection Detection. True when set. Default is 1. VconsEN: Enable voltage consistency check. True when set. Default is 1. Default setting is recommended. SE_ISD: Enable Internal Short Detection. True when set. Default is 1. RSVD: Reserved. Default is 1. LFPRelax: Enable LiFePO4 long relaxation mode when chemical ID 400 series is selected. True when set. Default is 1. DoDWT: Enable Dod weighting for LiFePO4 support when chemical ID 400 series is selected. True when set. Default is 1. FConvEn: Enable fast convergence algorithm. Default is 1. Default setting is recommended. OPERATION CONFIGURATION C REGISTER Table 18. Operation Configuration C Bit Definition Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 FastQmax RsvdSBS FF_Near_End SleepWakeChg RSVD RSVD RSVD RSVD FastQmax: Enable Fast Qmax Update mode. True when set. Default is 0. Default setting is recommended. RsvdSBS: Enable to activate debug information in command space 0x6d ~ 0x76. For special use only. Default setting is recommended. FF_Near_End: Enable to use a fast voltage filter near the end of discharge only. Default setting is recommended. SleepWakeChg: Enable for faster sampling in sleep mode. Default setting is recommended. RSVD: Reserved. Default is 0. EXTENDED DATA COMMANDS Extended commands offer additional functionality beyond the standard set of commands. They are used in the same manner; however unlike standard commands, extended commands are not limited to 2-byte words. The number of command bytes for a given extended command ranges in size from single to multiple bytes, as specified in Table 19. For details on the SEALED and UNSEALED states, refer to the section entitled Access Modes. 34 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 Table 19. Extended Commands COMMAND CODE UNITS SEALED ACCESS (1), (2) UNSEALED ACCESS (1), (2) AR 0X10 / 0x11 mA R/W R/W NAME AtRate() AtRateTimeToEmpty() ARTTE 0x12 / 0x13 Minutes R R NominalAvailableCapacity() NAC 0x14 / 0x15 mAh R R FullAvailableCapacity() FAC 0x16 / 0x17 mAh R R TimeToEmpty() TTE 0x18 / 0x19 Minutes R R TimeToFull() TTF 0x1a / 0x1b Minutes R R SI 0x1c / 0x1d mA R R STTE 0x1e / 0x1f Minutes R R MLI 0x20 / 0x21 mA R R MLTTE 0x22 / 0x23 Minutes R R AE 0x24 / 0x25 10 mWhr R R StandbyCurrent() StandbyTimeToEmpty() MaxLoadCurrent() MaxLoadTimeToEmpty() AvailableEnergy() AveragePower() TTEatConstantPower() Internal_Temp() CycleCount() AP 0x26 / 0x27 10 mW R R TTECP 0x28 / 0x29 Minutes R R INTTEMP 0x2a / 0x2b 0.1°K R R CC 0x2c / 0x2d Counts R R StateOfHealth() SOH 0x2e/0x2f % / num R R ChargeVoltage() CHGV 0x30/0x31 mV R R ChargeCurrent() CHGI 0x32/0x33 mA R R PassedCharge() PCHG 0x34/0x35 mAh R R DOD0() DOD0 0x36/0x37 HEX# R R SelfDischargeCurrent SDSG 0x38/0x39 mA R R R PackConfiguration() PKCFG 0x3a / 0x3b N/A R DesignCapacity() DCAP 0x3c / 0x3d mAh R R DataFlashClass() (2) DFCLS 0x3e N/A N/A R/W DataFlashBlock() (2) DFBLK 0x3f N/A R/W R/W A/DF 0x40…0x53 N/A R/W R/W ACKS/DFD 0x54 N/A R/W R/W Authenticate()/BlockData() AuthenticateCheckSum()/BlockData() BlockData() DFD 0x55…0x5f N/A R R/W BlockDataCheckSum() DFDCKS 0x60 N/A R/W R/W BlockDataControl() DFDCNTL 0x61 N/A N/A R/W DNAMELEN 0x62 N/A R R DNAME 0x63...0x69 N/A R R RSVD 0x6a...0x7f N/A R R DeviceNameLength() DeviceName() Reserved AtRate(): 0X10/0x11 The AtRate() read-/write-word function is the first half of a two-function call-set used to set the AtRate value used in calculations made by the AtRateTimeToEmpty() function. The AtRate() units are in mA. The AtRate() value is a signed integer and both positive and negative values will be interpreted as a discharge current value. The AtRateTimeToEmpty() function returns the predicted operating time at the AtRate value of discharge. The default value for AtRate() is zero and will force AtRate() to return 65535. AtRateTimeToEmpty(): 0x12/0x13 This read-word function returns an unsigned integer value of the predicted remaining operating time if the battery is discharged at the AtRate() value in minutes with a range of 0 to 65534. A value of 65535 indicates AtRate() = 0. The gas gauge updates AtRateTimeToEmpty() within 1s after the host sets the AtRate() value. The gas gauge automatically updates AtRateTimeToEmpty() based on the AtRate() value every 1 s. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 35 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com NominalAvailableCapacity(): 0x14/0x15 This read-only command pair returns the uncompensated (no or light load) battery capacity remaining. Units are 1 mAh per bit. FullAvailableCapacity(): 0x16/0x17 This read-only command pair returns the uncompensated (no or light load) capacity of the battery when fully charged. Units are 1 mAh per bit. FullAvailableCapacity() is updated at regular intervals, as specified by the Impedance Track algorithm. TimeToEmpty(): 0x18/0x19 This read-only function returns an unsigned integer value of the predicted remaining battery life at the present rate of discharge, in minutes. A value of 65535 indicates battery is not being discharged. TimeToFull(): 0x1a/0x1b This read-only function returns an unsigned integer value of predicted remaining time until the battery reaches full charge, in minutes, based upon AverageCurrent(). The computation should account for the taper current time extension from the linear TTF computation based on a fixed AverageCurrent() rate of charge accumulation. A value of 65535 indicates the battery is not being charged. StandbyCurrent(): 0x1c/0x1d This read-only function returns a signed integer value of the measured standby current through the sense resistor. The StandbyCurrent() is an adaptive measurement. Initially it reports the standby current programmed in Initial Standby, and after spending some time in standby, reports the measured standby current. The register value is updated every 1 second when the measured current is above the Deadband (3 mA default) and is less than or equal to 2 x Initial Standby. The first and last values that meet this criterion should not be averaged in, since they may not be stable values. To approximate a 1 minute time constant, each new StandbyCurrent() value is computed as follows: StandbyCurrent()NEW = (239/256) × StandbyCurrent()OLD + (17/256) × AverageCurrent() StandbyTimeToEmpty(): 0x1e/0x1f This read-only function returns an unsigned integer value of the predicted remaining battery life at the standby rate of discharge, in minutes. The computation should use Nominal Available Capacity (NAC), the uncompensated remaining capacity, for this computation. A value of 65535 indicates battery is not being discharged. MaxLoadCurrent(): 0x20/0x21 This read-only function returns a signed integer value, in units of mA, of the maximum load conditions. The MaxLoadCurrent() is an adaptive measurement which is initially it reports the maximum load current programmed in Initial Max Load Current. If the measured current is ever greater than Initial Max Load Current, then MaxLoadCurrent() updates to the new current. MaxLoadCurrent() is reduced to the average of the previous value and Initial Max Load Current whenever the battery is charged to full after a previous discharge to an SOC less than 50%. This prevents the reported value from maintaining an unusually high value. MaxLoadTimeToEmpty(): 0x22/0x23 This read-only function returns an unsigned integer value of the predicted remaining battery life at the maximum load current discharge rate, in minutes. A value of 65535 indicates that the battery is not being discharged. AvailableEnergy(): 0x24/0x25 This read-only function returns an unsigned integer value of the predicted charge or energy remaining in the battery. The value is reported in units of mWh. 36 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 AveragePower(): 0x26/0x27 This read-word function returns an unsigned integer value of the average power of the current discharge. A value of 0 indicates that the battery is not being discharged. The value is reported in units of mW. TimeToEmptyAtConstantPower(): 0x28/0x29 This read-only function returns an unsigned integer value of the predicted remaining operating time if the battery is discharged at the AveragePower() value in minutes. A value of 65535 indicates AveragePower() = 0. The gas gauge automatically updates TimeToEmptyatContantPower() based on the AveragePower() value every 1s. InternalTemp(): 0x2a/0x2b This read-only function returns an unsigned integer value of the measured internal temperature of the device in units of 0.1K measured by the fuel gauge. CycleCount(): 0x2c/0x2d This read-only function returns an unsigned integer value of the number of cycles the battery has experienced with a range of 0 to 65535. One cycle occurs when accumulated discharge ≥ CC Threshold. StateOfHealth(): 0x2e/0x2f This read-only function returns an unsigned integer value, expressed as a percentage of the ratio of predicted FCC(25°C, SOH current rate) over the DesignCapacity(). The FCC(25°C, SOH current rate) is the calculated full charge capacity at 25°C and the SOH current rate which is specified in the data flash (State of Health Load). The range of the returned SOH percentage is 0x00 to 0x64, indicating 0% to 100% correspondingly. ChargeVoltage(): 0x30/0x31 This unsigned integer indicates the recommended charging voltage. ChargeCurrent(): 0x32/0x33 This signed integer indicates the recommended charging current. PassedCharge(): 0x34/0x35 This signed integer indicates the amount of charge passed through the sense resistor since the last IT simulation in mAh. DOD0(): 0x36/0x37 This unsigned integer indicates the depth of discharge during the most recent OCV reading. SelfDischargeCurrent(): 0x38/0x39 This read-only command pair returns a signed integer value that estimates the battery self discharge current. PackConfiguration(): 0x3a/0x3b This Read-Word function allows the host to read the configuration of selected features of the bq34z100 pertaining to various features. Refer to PACK CONFIGURATION REGISTER. DesignCapacity(): 0x3c/0x3d SEALED and UNSEALED Access: This command returns theoretical or nominal capacity of a new pack. The value is stored in Design Capacity and is expressed in mAh. DataFlashClass(): 0x3e UNSEALED Access: This command sets the data flash class to be accessed. The class to be accessed should be entered in hexadecimal. SEALED Access: This command is not available in SEALED mode. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 37 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com DataFlashBlock(): 0x3f UNSEALED Access: If BlockDataControl has been set to 0x00, this command directs which data flash block will be accessed by the BlockData() command. Writing a 0x00 to DataFlashBlock() specifies the BlockData() command will transfer authentication data. Issuing a 0x01 instructs the BlockData() command to transfer Manufacturer Data. SEALED Access: This command directs which data flash block will be accessed by the BlockData() command. Writing a 0x00 to DataFlashBlock() specifies the BlockData() command will transfer authentication data. Issuing a 0x01 instructs the BlockData() command to transfer Manufacturer Data. AuthenticateData/BlockData(): 0x40…0x53 UNSEALED Access: This data block has a dual function. It is used for the authentication challenge and response and is part of the 32-byte data block when accessing data flash. SEALED Access: This data block is used for authentication challenge and response and is part of the 32-byte data block when accessing the Manufacturer Data. AuthenticateChecksum/BlockData(): 0x54 UNSEALED Access: This byte holds the authenticate checksum when writing the authentication challenge to the bq34z100 and is part of the 32-byte data block when accessing data flash. SEALED Access: This byte holds the authentication checksum when writing the authentication challenge to the bq34z100 and is part of the 32-byte data block when accessing Manufacturer Data. BlockData(): 0x55…0x5f UNSEALED Access: This data block is the remainder of the 32-byte data block when accessing data flash. SEALED Access: This data block is the remainder of the 32-byte data block when accessing Manufacturer Data. BlockDataChecksum(): 0x60 UNSEALED Access: This byte contains the checksum on the 32 bytes of block data read or written to data flash. SEALED Access: This byte contains the checksum for the 32 bytes of block data written to Manufacturer Data. BlockDataControl(): 0x61 UNSEALED Access: This command is used to control data flash access mode. Writing 0x00 to this command enables BlockData() to access general data flash. Writing a 0x01 to this command enables SEALED mode operation of DataFlashBlock(). DeviceNameLength(): 0x62 UNSEALED and SEALED Access: This byte contains the length of the Device Name. DeviceName(): 0x63…0x6A UNSEALED and SEALED Access: This block contains the device name that is programmed in Device Name. 38 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 DATA FLASH SUMMARY Table 20 summarizes the data flash locations available to the user, including their default, minimum, and maximum values. Table 20. Data Flash Summary Class Subclass ID Subclass Offset Max Value Default Value Units Configuration 2 Safety 0 OT Chg I2 Configuration 2 Safety 2 OT Chg Time U1 0 1200 550 0.1°C 0 60 2 s Configuration 2 Safety 3 OT Chg Recovery I2 0 1200 500 0.1°C Configuration 2 Safety 5 Configuration 2 Safety 7 OT Dsg I2 0 1200 600 0.1°C OT Dsg Time U1 0 60 2 s Configuration 2 Safety 8 OT Dsg Recovery I2 0 1200 550 0.1°C Configuration 32 Charge Inhibit Cfg 0 Chg Inhibit Temp Low I2 –400 1200 0 0.1°C Configuration 32 Charge Inhibit Cfg 2 Chg Inhibit Temp High I2 –400 1200 450 0.1°C Configuration 32 Charge Inhibit Cfg 4 Temp Hys I2 0 100 50 0.1°C Configuration 34 Charge 0 Suspend Low Temp I2 –400 1200 –50 0.1°C Configuration 34 Charge 2 Suspend High Temp I2 –400 1200 550 0.1°C Configuration 36 Charge Termination 0 Taper Current I2 0 1000 100 mA Configuration 36 Charge Termination 2 Min Taper Capacity I2 0 1000 25 0.01 mAh Configuration 36 Charge Termination 4 Cell Taper Voltage I2 0 1000 100 mV Configuration 36 Charge Termination 6 Current Taper Window U1 0 60 40 s Configuration 36 Charge Termination 7 TCA Set % I1 –1 100 99 % Configuration 36 Charge Termination 8 TCA Clear % I1 –1 100 95 % Configuration 36 Charge Termination 9 FC Set % I1 –1 100 100 % Configuration 36 Charge Termination 10 FC Clear % I1 –1 100 98 % Configuration 36 Charge Termination 11 DODatEOC Delta T I2 0 1000 100 0.1°C Configuration 48 Data 0 Rem Cap Alarm I2 0 700 100 mAh Configuration 48 Data 8 Initial Standby I1 –256 0 –10 mA Configuration 48 Data 9 Initial MaxLoad I2 –32767 0 –500 mA Configuration 48 Data 13 Manufacture Date U2 0 65535 0 Date code Configuration 48 Data 15 Serial Number H2 0000 ffff 1 num Configuration 48 Data 17 Cycle Count U2 0 65535 0 Count Configuration 48 Data 19 CC Threshold I2 100 32767 900 mAh Configuration 48 Data 21 Design Capacity I2 0 32767 1000 mAh Configuration 48 Data 23 Design Energy I2 0 32767 5400 mWh/cWh Name Data Type Min Value Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 39 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com Table 20. Data Flash Summary (continued) Class Subclass ID Subclass Offset Name Max Value Default Value Units Configuration 48 Data 25 SOH Load Current I2 –32767 0 –400 mA Configuration 48 Data 27 TDD SOH Percent I1 0 100 90 % Configuration 48 Data 28 Cell Charge Voltage T1-T2 U2 0 4600 4200 mV Configuration 48 Data 30 Cell Charge Voltage T2-T3 U2 0 4600 4200 mV Configuration 48 Data 32 Cell Charge Voltage T3-T4 U2 0 4600 4100 mV Configuration 48 Data 34 Charge Current T1-T2 U1 0 100 10 % of des cap Configuration 48 Data 35 Charge Current T2-T3 U1 0 100 50 % of des cap Configuration 48 Data 36 Charge Current T3-T4 U1 0 100 30 % of des cap Configuration 48 Data 37 JEITA T1 I1 –128 127 0 °C Configuration 48 Data 38 JEITA T2 I1 –128 127 10 °C Configuration 48 Data 39 JEITA T3 I1 –128 127 45 °C Configuration 48 Data 40 JEITA T4 I1 –128 127 55 °C Configuration 48 Data 41 ISD Current I2 0 32767 10 HourRate Configuration 48 Data 43 ISD Current Filter U1 0 255 127 – Configuration 48 Data 44 Min ISD Time U1 0 255 7 Hour Configuration 48 Data 45 Design Energy Scale U1 1 10 1 1 or 10 only Configuration 48 Data 46 Device Name S9 x x bq34z100 – Configuration 48 Data 55 Manufacturer Name S12 x x Texas Inst. – Configuration 48 Data 67 Device Chemistry S5 x x LION – Configuration 49 Discharge 0 SOC1 Set Threshold U2 0 65535 150 mAh Configuration 49 Discharge 2 SOC1 Clear Threshold U2 0 65535 175 mAh Configuration 49 Discharge 4 SOCF Set Threshold U2 0 65535 75 mAh Configuration 49 Discharge 6 SOCF Clear Threshold U2 0 65535 100 mAh Configuration 49 Discharge 9 Cell BL Set Volt Threshold I2 0 5000 2800 mV Configuration 49 Discharge 11 Cell BL Set Volt Time U1 0 60 2 s Configuration 49 Discharge 12 Cell BL Clear Volt Threshold I2 0 5000 2900 mV Configuration 49 Discharge 14 Cell BH Set Volt Threshold I2 0 5000 4300 mV Configuration 49 Discharge 16 Cell BH Set Volt Time U1 0 60 2 s Configuration 49 Discharge 17 Cell BH Clear Volt Threshold I2 0 5000 4200 mV Configuration 56 Manufacturer Data 0 Pack Lot Code H2 0 0xFFFF 0000 – 40 Data Type Min Value Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 Table 20. Data Flash Summary (continued) Class Subclass ID Max Value Default Value Units Configuration 0 0xFFFF 0000 – H2 0 0xFFFF 0000 – Hardware Revision H2 0 0xFFFF 0 – 8 Cell Revision H2 0 0xFFFF 0 – Manufacturer Data 10 DF Config Version H2 0 0xFFFF 0 – 57 Integrity Data 6 Static Chem DF Checksum H2 00x7fff 0x75F2 0 – Configuration 59 Lifetime Data 0 Lifetime Max Temp I2 0 1400 300 0.1°C Configuration 59 Lifetime Data 2 Lifetime Min Temp I2 –600 1400 200 0.1°C Configuration 59 Lifetime Data 4 Lifetime Max Chg Current I2 –32767 32767 0 mA Configuration 59 Lifetime Data 6 Lifetime Max Dsg Current I2 –32767 32767 0 mA Configuration 59 Lifetime Data 8 Lifetime Max Pack Voltage I2 0 32767 3200 mV Configuration 59 Lifetime Data 10 Lifetime Min Pack Voltage I2 0 32767 3500 mV Configuration 60 Lifetime Temp Samples 0 Lifetime Flash Count U2 0 65535 0 – Configuration 64 Registers 0 Pack Configuration H2 0 0xFFFF 0x0161 – Configuration 64 Registers 2 Pack Configuration B H1 0 0xFF 0xFF Flgs Configuration 64 Registers 3 Pack Configuration C H1 0 0xFF 0x30 Flgs Configuration 64 Registers 4 LED_Comm Configuration H1 0 0xFF 0x00 Flgs Configuration 64 Registers 5 Alert Configuration H2 0 0xFFFF 0x0000 Flgs Configuration 64 Registers 7 Number of Series Cells U1 1 100 1 – Configuration 66 Lifetime Resolution 3 LT Update Time U2 0 65535 60 s Configuration 67 LED Display 0 LED Hold Time U1 0 255 4 s Configuration 68 Power 0 Flash Update OK Voltage Cell Volt I2 0 4200 2800 mV Configuration 68 Power 2 Sleep Current I2 0 100 10 mA Configuration 68 Power 11 Full Sleep Wait Time U1 0 255 0 s System Data 58 Manufacturer Info 0–31 Manufacturer Info Block 0–31 H1 0 FF 00 – Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 0 Load Select U1 0 255 1 – Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 1 Load Mode U1 0 255 0 – Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 21 Max Res Factor U1 0 255 15 num Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 22 Min Res Factor U1 0 255 3 num Subclass Offset Name Data Type Min Value 56 Manufacturer Data 2 PCB Lot Code H2 Configuration 56 Manufacturer Data 4 Firmware Version Configuration 56 Manufacturer Data 6 Configuration 56 Manufacturer Data Configuration 56 Configuration Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 41 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com Table 20. Data Flash Summary (continued) Class Subclass ID Subclass Offset Max Value Default Value Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 25 Ra Filter U2 Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 42 Fast Qmax Start DOD % U1 0 1000 500 – 0 255 92 % Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 43 Fast Qmax End DOD % U1 0 255 96 % Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 44 Fast Qmax Start Volt Delta I2 0 4200 200 mV Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 67 Cell Termination Voltage I2 2500 3700 3000 mV Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 69 Cell Termination Voltage Delta I2 0 4200 50 mV Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 72 Simulation Res Relax Time U2 0 65534 200 s Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 76 User Rate-mA I2 –32767 32767 0 mA Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 78 User RatemW/cW I2 –32767 32767 0 mW/cW Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 80 Reserve CapmAh I2 0 9000 0 mAh Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 82 Reserve Energy I2 0 14000 0 mWh/cWh Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 86 Max Scale Back Grid U1 0 15 4 – Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 87 Cell Max Delta V U2 0 65535 200 mV Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 89 Cell Min Delta V U2 0 65535 0 mV Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 91 Max Sim Rate U1 0 255 2 C/rate Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 92 Min Sim Rate U1 0 255 20 C/rate Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 93 Ra Max Delta U2 0 32767 44 mΩ Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 95 Qmax Max Delta % U1 0 100 5 mAh Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 96 Cell DeltaV Max Delta U2 0 65535 10 mV Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 102 Fast Scale Start SOC U1 0 100 10 % Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 107 Charge Hys Voltage Shift I2 0 2000 40 mV Gas Gauging 81 Current Thresholds 0 Dsg Current Threshold I2 0 2000 60 mA Gas Gauging 81 Current Thresholds 2 Chg Current Threshold I2 0 2000 75 mA Gas Gauging 81 Current Thresholds 4 Quit Current I2 0 1000 40 mA Gas Gauging 81 Current Thresholds 6 Dsg Relax Time U2 0 8191 60 s Gas Gauging 81 Current Thresholds 8 Chg Relax Time U1 0 255 60 s Gas Gauging 81 Current Thresholds 9 Quit Relax Time U1 0 63 1 s Gas Gauging 81 Current Thresholds 10 Max IR Correct U2 0 1000 400 mV Gas Gauging 82 State 0 Qmax Cell 0 I2 0 32767 1000 mAh Gas Gauging 82 State 2 Cycle Count U2 0 65535 0 – Gas Gauging 82 State 4 Update Status H1 0x00 0x06 0x00 – Gas Gauging 82 State 5 Cell V at Chg Term I2 0 5000 4200 mV 42 Name Data Type Min Value Submit Documentation Feedback Units Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 bq34z100 www.ti.com SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 Table 20. Data Flash Summary (continued) Class Subclass ID Subclass Offset Gas Gauging 82 State 7 Avg I Last Run I2 –32768 32767 –299 mA Gas Gauging 82 State 9 Avg P Last Run I2 –32768 32767 –1131 mW/cW Gas Gauging 82 State 11 Cell Delta Voltage I2 –32768 32767 2 mV Gas Gauging 82 State 15 T Rise I2 0 32767 0 – Gas Gauging 82 State 17 T Time Constant I2 0 32767 32767 – OCV Table 83 OCV Table 0 Chem ID H2 0 0xFFFF 0107 – Ra Tables 88 Data 0–31 Cell0 R_a Table See Note 1 Ra Tables 89 Data 0–31 xCell0 R_a Table See Note 1 Calibration 104 Data 0 CC Gain (Note 4) F4 1.00E–01 4.00E+01 0.47095 num Calibration 104 Data 4 CC Delta Note 4) F4 2.98E+04 1.19E+06 5.595e5 num Calibration 104 Data 8 CC Offset (Note 4) I2 –32768 32767 –1200 num Calibration 104 Data 10 Board Offset (Note 4) I1 –128 127 0 num Calibration 104 Data 11 Int Temp Offset I1 –128 127 0 0.1°C Calibration 104 Data 12 Ext Temp Offset I1 –128 127 0 0.1°C Calibration 104 Data 13 Pack V Offset I1 –128 127 0 mV Calibration 104 Data 14 Voltage Divider U2 0 65535 5000 mV Calibration 107 Current 1 Deadband U1 0 255 5 mA Security 112 Codes 0 Sealed to Unsealed H4 0 ffffffff 36720414 – Security 112 Codes 4 Unsealed to Full H4 0 ffffffff ffffffff – Security 112 Codes 8 Authen Key3 H4 0 ffffffff 01234567 – Security 112 Codes 12 Authen Key2 H4 0 ffffffff 89ABCDEF – Security 112 Codes 16 Authen Key1 H4 0 ffffffff FEDCBA98 – Security 112 Codes 20 Authen Key0 H4 0 ffffffff 76543210 – Name Data Type Min Value Max Value Default Value Units 1. Encoded battery profile information created by bqEasy software. 2. Part number and/or part specific 3. Not IEEE floating point 4. Display as data flash value; value displayed in EVSW is different. See Table 21 for the conversion table. Table 21. Data Flash (DF) to EVSW Conversion Class Subclass ID Subclass Offset Name Data Type Data Flash Default Data Flash Unit EVSW Default Data 48 Data 13 Manufactu re Date U2 0 code 1-Jan1980 Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 59 User RatemW I2 0 cW 0 mW DF × 10 Gas Gauging 80 IT Cfg 63 Reserve Cap-mWh I2 0 cWh 0 mWh DF × 10 Calibration 104 Data 0 CC Gain F4 0.47095 Num 10.124 mΩ 4.768/DF Calibration 104 Data 4 CC Delta F4 5.595e5 Num 10.147 mΩ 5677445/DF Calibration 104 Data 8 CC Offset I2 –1200 Num –0.576 mV DF × 0.00048 EVSW Unit DF to EVSW Conversion Day+Mo*32 +(Yr1980)*256 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 43 bq34z100 SLUSAU1 – MAY 2012 www.ti.com Table 21. Data Flash (DF) to EVSW Conversion (continued) Class Subclass ID Subclass Offset Name Data Type Data Flash Default Data Flash Unit EVSW Default EVSW Unit Calibration 104 Data 10 Board Offset I1 0 Num 0 µV 44 Submit Documentation Feedback DF to EVSW Conversion DF × 16/0.48 Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq34z100 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 22-May-2012 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/ Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) BQ34Z100PW ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 90 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR BQ34Z100PWR ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Samples (Requires Login) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. 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Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 22-May-2012 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device BQ34Z100PWR Package Package Pins Type Drawing TSSOP PW 14 SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) 2000 330.0 12.4 Pack Materials-Page 1 6.9 B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) 5.6 1.6 8.0 W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant 12.0 Q1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 22-May-2012 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) BQ34Z100PWR TSSOP PW 14 2000 346.0 346.0 29.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. 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