PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402 nRF2402G Single chip 2.4 GHz Transmitter FEATURES APPLICATIONS • • True single chip GFSK transmitter in a small 16-pin package (QFN16 4x4) • Adjustable output power up to 0dBm • Data rate 0 to 1Mbps • Low Bill of Material • Multi Channel operation • 128 channels • Support frequency hopping • Channel switching time <200µs. • Power supply range: 1.9 to 3.6 V • CRC computation • ShockBurst™ mode for ultra-low power operation • Low supply current, typical 10mA peak @ -5dBm output power • 100% RF tested • World wide use Wireless mouse, keyboard, joystick Keyless entry Wireless data communication Alarm and security systems Home Automation Remote control Surveillance Automotive Telemetry Intelligent sports equipment Industrial sensors Toys • • • • • • • • • • • GENERAL DESCRIPTION nRF2402/nRF2402G is a single-chip radio transmitter for the world wide 2.4 - 2.5 GHz ISM band. The transmitter consists of a fully integrated frequency synthesizer, a power amplifier, a crystal oscillator and a modulator. Output power and frequency channel is easily programmable by use of the 3-wire interface. Current consumption is very low, only 10 mA at an output power of -5dBm. Built-in ShockBurst™ and Power Down modes makes power saving easily realizable. QUICK REFERENCE DATA Parameter Value Unit Minimum supply voltage Maximum output power Maximum GFSK data rate Supply current GFSK transmitter @ -5dBm output power Supply current in Power Down mode 1.9 0 1000 10 200 V dBm kbps mA nΑ Table 1 nRF2402/nRF2402G quick reference data Type Number Description Version NRF2402 NRF2402G 16 pin QFN 4x4, punch/saw 16 pin QFN 4x4, punch, green A A Table 2 nRF2402/nRF2402G ordering information Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 1 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter BLOCK DIAGRAM VSS (15) VSS (5) VDD (13) VDD (8) XC1 (7) ShockBurstTM CE (1) FIFO In PWR_UP (16) Frequency Synthesiser XC2 (6) CRC Code ANT1 (10) PA ANT2 (11) GFSK Filter DIN (4) 3-wire Interface CLK (3) VSS_PA (9) 3-wire Programming Interface VDD_PA (12) IREF (14) CS (2) 22kΩ Figure 1 nRF2402/nRF2402G with external components. PIN FUNCTIONS Pin Name Pin function Description 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 CE CS CLK DIN VSS XC2 XC1 VDD VSS_PA ANT1 ANT2 VDD_PA VDD IREF VSS PWR_UP Input Input Input Input Power Output Input Power Power Power/RF Power/RF Power Output Power Input Power Input Chip Enable Activates TX mode Chip Select Activates Configuration Mode Clock Input TX Data and 3-wire Interface TX Data Input / Configuration Data Input Ground (0V) Crystal pin 2 Crystal pin 1 Power Supply (1.9-3.6V) Ground (0V) Antenna output 1 Antenna output 2 Power Supply (+1.8V) output to internal Power Amplifier Power Supply (1.9-3.6V) Reference current Ground (0V) Power Up Table 3 nRF2402/nRF2402G pin functions Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 2 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter PIN ASSIGNMENT PWR_UP 16 CE 1 CS 2 VSS IREF VDD 15 14 13 nRF2402/ nRF2402G QFN16 4x4 12 VDD_PA 11 ANT2 ANT1 CLK 3 10 DIN 4 9 5 VSS 6 7 8 XC2 XC1 VDD VSS_PA Figure 2. nRF2402/nRF2402G pin assignment (top view). Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 3 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Conditions: VDD = +3V, VSS = 0V, TA = - 40ºC to + 85ºC Symbol Parameter (condition) VDD TEMP Notes Min. Typ. Max. Units 1.9 -40 3.0 +27 3.6 +85 V ºC 0.7·VDD Vss VDD 0.3·VDD V V VDD- 0.3 Vss VDD 0.3 V V 1) 2) 2400 4 2527 20 3) >0 250 MHz MHz kHz kbps kbps MHz Operating conditions Supply voltage Operating Temperature VIH VIL Digital input pin HIGH level input voltage LOW level input voltage VOH VOL HIGH level output voltage (IOH=-0.5mA) LOW level output voltage (IOL=0.5mA) Digital output pin fOP fXTAL ∆f RGFSK RGFSK FCHANNEL P RF P RFC P RFCR P BW P RF2 P RF3 IVDD IVDD IVDD IVDD IVDD General RF conditions Operating frequency Crystal frequency Frequency deviation GFSK data rate ShockBurst™ GFSK data rate Direct Mode Channel spacing ±156 1000 1000 1 Transmitter operation Maximum Output Power RF Power Control Range RF Power Range Control Resolution 20dB Bandwidth for Modulated Carrier 2nd Adjacent Channel Transmit Power 2MHz 3rd Adjacent Channel Transmit Power 3MHz Supply current @ 0dBm output power Supply current @ -5dBm output power Supply current @ -10dBm output power Supply current @ -20dBm output power Average Supply current @ -5dBm output power, ShockBurst™ Supply current in stand-by mode Supply current in power down 4) 16 0 20 +4 ±3 1000 -20 -40 5) 5) 5) 5) 6) 11.5 10.0 8.5 7.0 500 dBm dB dB kHz dBc dBc mA mA mA mA µA IVDD 12 µA IVDD 200 nA NOTES: 1) Usable band is determined by local regulations 2) The crystal frequency may be chosen from 5 different values (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20MHz) which are specified in the configuration word, see Table 8. 16MHz is required for 1Mbps operation. 3) Data rate must be either 250kbps or 1000kbps. 4) Antenna load impedance = 100Ω+j175Ω 5) Antenna load impedance = 100Ω+j175Ω. Effective data rate 250kbps or 1Mbps. 6) Antenna load impedance = 100Ω+j175Ω. Effective data rate 10kbps. Table 4 nRF2402/nRF2402G electrical specifications Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 4 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter PACKAGE OUTLINE, PUNCH TYPE nRF2402G uses the GREEN QFN16 4x4 package, with matt tin plating. Package Type Green QFN16 (4x4 mm) Min typ. Max A 0.8 0.9 A1 0.0 0.02 0.05 A2 0.65 0.69 b 0.25 0.3 0.35 D/E D1/E1 e 4 BSC 3.75 BSC 0.65 BSC J 2.02 2.12 2.22 K 2.02 2.12 2.22 L 0.45 0.55 0.65 Figure 3 nRF2402G Punch package outline. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 5 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 R 0.51 0.61 0.71 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter PACKAGE OUTLINE, SAW TYPE nRF2402, uses the QFN16 4x4 package, only available with SnPb plating. Dimensions are in mm. Package Type QFN16 (4x4 mm) Min typ. Max A 0.8 A1 0.0 A2 0.75 1 0.05 1 b 0.23 0.3 0.38 D E e 4 BSC 4 BSC 0.65 BSC J 0.75 K 0.7 2.25 2.25 L 0.45 0.55 0.75 Figure 4 nRF2402 Saw package outline, dimensions in mm. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 6 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 P 45° REF PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Supply voltages VDD ............................ - 0.3V to + 3.6V VSS ...................................................0V Input voltage VI ....................... - 0.3V to VDD + 0.3V Output voltage VO ...................... - 0.3V to VDD + 0.3V Total Power Dissipation PD (TA =85°C) ..............................35mW Temperatures Operating Temperature…. - 40°C to + 85°C Storage Temperature…... - 40°C to + 125°C Note: Stress exceeding one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. ATTENTION! Electrostatic Sensitive Device Observe Precaution for handling. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 7 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter GLOSSARY OF TERMS Term CLK CRC CS CE GFSK ISM MCU OD PWR_DWN PWR_UP RX ST_BY TX Description Clock Cyclic Redundancy Check Chip Select Chip Enable Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying Industrial- Scientific -Medical Micro Controller Unit Overdrive Power Down Power Up Receive Standby Transmit Table 5 Glossary Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 8 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter MODES OF OPERATION Overview of Operational Modes The nRF2402/nRF2402G can be set in the following main modes depending on three control pins: Mode Active Configuration Stand By Power Down PWR_UP 1 1 1 0 CE 1 0 0 X CS 0 1 0 X Table 6 Overview of Operational Modes of nRF2402/nRF2402G. Active Modes The nRF2402/nRF2402G has two transmit modes: • • ShockBurst™ Direct Mode The device functionality in these modes is determined by the content of a configuration word. This configuration word is presented in the configuration section. ShockBurst™ The ShockBurst™ technology uses on-chip FIFO to clock in data at a low data rate and transmit at a very high rate thus enabling extreme reduction in power consumption. When operating the nRF2402/nRF2402G (in co-operation with nRF2401/nRF24E1) in ShockBurst™, you gain access to the high data rates (1 Mbps) offered by the 2.4 GHz band without the need of a costly, high-speed micro controller (MCU) for data processing. By putting all high speed signal processing related to RF protocol on-chip, the nRF2402/nRF2402G offers the following benefits: • • • Highly reduced current consumption Lower system cost (facilitates use of less expensive micro controller) Greatly reduced risk of ‘on-air’ collisions due to short transmission time The nRF2402/nRF2402G can be programmed using a simple 3-wire interface where the data rate is decided by the speed of the micro controller. By allowing the digital part of the application to run at low speed while maximizing the data rate on the RF link, the nRF ShockBurst™ mode reduces the average current consumption in applications considerably. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 9 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter ShockBurst™ principle When the nRF2402/nRF2402G is configured in ShockBurst™, TX operation is conducted in the following way (10 kbps for this example only). nRF2402/ nRF2402G Continuous 10kbps 8-bit MCU FIFO ShockBurstTM 1Mbps Fig ure 5 Clocking in data with MCU and sending with ShockBurst technology Without ShockBurstTM, running at speed dictated by 10kbps MCU 10mA periode 10mA periode 0 20 40 60 10kbps MCU with ShockBurstTM 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 Time mS Figure 6 Current consumption with and without ShockBurst technology nRF2402/nRF2402G ShockBurst™ Transmit: MCU interface pins: CE, CLK, DIN 1. When the application MCU has data to send, set CE high. This activates RF2402 on-board data processing. 2. The address of the receiving node (RX address) and payload data is clocked into the nRF2402/nRF2402G. The application protocol or MCU sets the speed (ex: 10kbps). 3. MCU sets CE low, this activates a nRF2402/nRF2402G ShockBurst™ transmission. 4. nRF2402/nRF2402G ShockBurst™: • RF front end is powered up • RF package is completed (preamble added, CRC calculated) • Data is transmitted at high speed (250 kbps or 1 Mbps configured by user). • nRF2402/nRF2402G returns to stand-by when finished Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 10 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter NO nRF2402 in ShockBurstTM TX (CE=hi)? YES Data content of registers: uController Loading ADDR and PAYLOAD data ADDR PAYLOAD Maximum 256 bits nRF2402 Calculating CRC ADDR PAYLOAD CRC NO CE=Low? YES nRF2402 Adding Preamble nRF2402 Sending ShockBurstTM Package (250 or 1000kbps) YES Preamble ADDR PAYLOAD CRC Input FIFO not Empty NO Sending completed? Figure 7 Flow Chart ShockBurst™ Transmit of nRF2402/nRF2402G with CRC and preamble. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 11 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter Direct Mode In direct mode the nRF2402/nRF2402G works like a traditional RF device. The data rate must be 1Mbps ±200ppm, or 250kbps ±200ppm at low data rate setting, for the receiver (nRF2402/nRF24E1) to detect the signals. MCU interface pins: CE, DIN 1. When application MCU has data to send, set CE high 2. The nRF2402/nRF2402G RF front end is now immediately activated, and after 200 µs settling time, signal on the DIN pin will modulate the carrier directly. 3. All RF protocol parts must hence be implemented in MCU firmware (preamble, address and CRC). Configuration Mode In configuration mode a configuration word of up to 20 bits is downloaded to nRF2402/nRF2402G. This is done through a simple 3-wire interface (CS, CLK and DIN). For more information on configuration please refer to the nRF2402/nRF2402G device configuration chapter, page13. Power Down Mode Power down mode is used to achieve very low current consumption. Effectively the chip is disabled with minimal leakage current consumption, typically less than 200nA. Operating in this mode when not transmitting data significantly increases battery lifetime. Stand-By Mode Stand by mode is used to achieve low current consumption. In this mode only a part of the crystal oscillator is running (12µA) to guarantee a short start-up time. Operating in this mode when not transmitting data increases battery lifetime while keeping start up delays short. Pin configuration for the different modes of nRF2402/nRF2402G nRF2402/nRF2402G MODES Pin Name Power down Stand by Configuration TX ShockBurst™ TX Direct INPUT PINS PWR_UP CE CS CLK DIN 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 X 0 1 0 0 X X CLK CLK Set to 0∗ X X CONFIG DATA TX DATA TX DATA Table 7 Pin configuration of nRF2402/nRF2402G. ∗ CLK not used in direct mode. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 12 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter DEVICE CONFIGURATION All configuration of the nRF2402/nRF2402G is done via a 3-wire interface to a single configuration register. The configuration word can be up to 20 bits long for ShockBurst™ use and up to 14 bits long for direct mode. Configuration for ShockBurst™ operation The configuration word in ShockBurst™ enables the nRF2402/nRF2402G to handle the RF protocol (in co-operation with nRF2401/nRF24E1). Once the protocol is completed and loaded into nRF2402/nRF2402G only seven bits, also used in direct mode, needs to be updated during operation. The configuration bits dedicated to ShockBurst™ is as follows: • Preamble: Generation of 8 bit preamble in transmitted data. • CRC: Enables nRF2402/nRF2402G on-chip CRC generation. NOTE: The MCU must generate an address and a payload section that fits the configuration of the nRF2401/nRF24E1 that is to receive the data. When using the nRF2402/nRF2402G on-chip CRC feature ensure that CRC is enabled and uses the same length for both the nRF2402/nRF2402G and the receiving nRF2401/nRF24E1 devices. PRE-AMBLE ADDRESS PAYLOAD CRC Figure 8 Data packet set-up Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 13 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter Configuration for Direct Mode operation For direct mode operation only the 14 first bits (bit[13:0]) of the configuring word is relevant. Configuration Word overview General device configuration Bit Number position of bits 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11:9 8:7 6:0 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 7 Name PLL Control PREAMBLE PREAMBLE CRC CRC CM RFDR_SB XO_F RF_PWR RF_CH# Function Close the PLL for test. UNUSED Enable on-chip PREAMBLE generation UNUSED, must be 1 8 or 16 bit CRC Enable on-chip CRC generation Communication mode (Direct or ShockBurst™) RF data rate (1Mbps requires 16MHz crystal) Crystal frequency RF output power Frequency channel (0 to 127) Table 8 Table of configuration words. The configuration word is shifted in MSB first on positive CLK edges. New configuration is enabled on the negative edge of CS. NOTE! On the negative edge of CS, the nRF2402/nRF2402G updates the number of bits actually shifted in during the last configuration. Ex: If the nRF2402/nRF2402G is to be configured for Preamble and CRC in ShockBurst™, a total of 17 bits must be shifted in during the first configuration after VDD is applied. Once the wanted "protocol" and modus are set there is no need to update this part of the configuration during operation. If RF channel is to be changed, only the RF_CH# bits need to be updated. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 14 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter Configuration Word Detailed Description The following describes the function of the 32 bits (bit 31 = MSB) that is used to configure the nRF2402/nRF2402G. General Device Configuration: bit[13:0] ShockBurst™ Configuration: bit[17:14] Test Configuration: bit[19:18] TEST D19 PLL 0 D13 Burst 0 D18 0 D12 OD 0 D17 PRE_EN 1 D16 ShockBurst D15 D14 CRC 1 0 D11 D10 D9 XO Frequency 1 1 1 0 RF-Programming D8 D7 D6 RF Power 1 0 0 Default LSB D5 0 D4 D3 D2 Channel selection 0 0 0 D1 D0 1 0 Default The MSB bit should be loaded first into the configuration register. Default configuration word: h30F02. Test configuration Bit 19: PLL: For test purposes the PLL may be closed to send a constant carrier Logic 0: Open loop (normal operation) Logic 1: Closed loop (test only) Bit: 18: Not used, must be set to logic 1 Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 15 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter ShockBurst™ configuration The section bit[17:14] contains the segments of the configuration register dedicated to ShockBurst™ operation. After VDD is turned on ShockBurst™ configuration must be done once, but remains set whilst VDD is present. During operation only the 7 bits for frequency channel normally need to be changed. PREAMBLE 17 16 CRC 15 14 Table 9 Preamble and CRC settings. Bit 17: PRE_EN: Preamble to be generated by nRF2402/nRF2402G in ShockBurst™. Logic 0: No generation of Preamble Logic 1: Preamble generation enabled (default) Bit: 16: Not used, must be set to logic 1 Bit 15: CRC_L: CRC length to be calculated by nRF2402/nRF2402G in ShockBurst™. Logic 0: 8 bit CRC (default) Logic 1: 16 bit CRC Bit: 14: CRC_EN: Enables on-chip CRC generation (TX) Logic 0: On-chip CRC generation disabled (default) Logic 1: On-chip CRC generation enabled NOTE: An 8 bit CRC (compared to 16 bit) will increase the number of payload bits possible in each ShockBurst™ data packet, but will also reduce the communication integrity. General device configuration: This section of the configuration word handles RF and device related parameters. Burst OD 13 12 XO_F 11 10 RF_PWR 9 8 7 Table 10 RF operational settings. Bit 13: Burst: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 Logic 0: nRF2402/nRF2402G operates in direct mode (default) Logic 1: nRF2402/nRF2402G operates in ShockBurst™ mode - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 16 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter Bit 12: OD: Logic 0: 250 kbps data rate Logic 1: 1 Mbps data rate NOTE: 1Mbps requires 16MHz crystal. Bit 11-9: XO_F: Selects the nRF2402/nRF2402G crystal frequency to be used: D11 0 0 0 0 1 XO FREQUENCY SELECTION D10 D9 Crystal Frequency [MHz] 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 4 8 12 16 20 Table 11 Crystal frequency setting. Bit 8-7: RF_PWR: Sets nRF2402/nRF2402G RF output power: RF OUTPUT POWER D8 D7 P [dBm] 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 -20 -10 -5 0 Table 12 RF output power setting. Conditions: Load impedance = 100+j175 Ω. RF channel RF_CH# 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Table 13 Frequency channel setting. Bit 6 – 0: RF_CH#: Sets the frequency channel the nRF2402/nRF2402G transmits in. The channel frequency is given by: Channel RF = 2400 MHz + RF _ CH # ⋅ 1.0 MHz RF_CH #: Frequencies between 2400MHz and 2527MHz may be set. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 17 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter DATA PACKAGE DESCRIPTION PRE-AMBLE ADDRESS PAYLOAD CRC Figure 9 Data Package Diagram The data packet for both ShockBurst™ mode and direct mode communication is divided into 4 sections. These are: • • 1. PREAMBLE • 2 ADDRESS • • • 3 PAYLOAD • • • 4 • CRC • The preamble field is a requirement for ShockBurst™ and Direct modes Preamble is 8 bits in length and is dependent on the 1st data bit. PREAMBLE 1st Data Bit (Address) 01010101 0 10101010 1 Preamble is automatically added to the data packet and thereby gives extra space for payload in ShockBurst™. Preamble must be added by MCU in Direct mode The address field is required in ShockBurst™ mode.1 8 to 40 bits length. Address automatically removed from received packet in ShockBurst™ mode. In Direct mode MCU must handle address. The data to be transmitted In ShockBurst™ mode payload size is 256 bits minus the following: (Address: 8 to 40 bits. + CRC 8 or 16 bits). In Direct mode the maximum payload size is defined by 1Mbps for 4ms: 4000 bits minus the following: (Preamble: 8 bits. + Address: 0 to 40 bits. + CRC: 0, 8 or 16 bits). On chip CRC calculation is an option in ShockBurst™ mode, and is not used in Direct mode. 8 or 16 bits length Table 14 Data package 1 Suggestions for the use of addresses in ShockBurst™: In general more bits in the address gives less false detection, which in the end may give lower data packet loss. • The address made by (5, 4, 3, or 2) equal bytes are not recommended because it in general will make the packet-error-rate increase. • Addresses where the level shift only one time (i.e. 000FFFFFFF) could often be detected in noise that may give a false detection, which again may give raised packet-error-rate. Direct mode will be dependent on the software used in the MCU, but it is recommended to have the same restrictions on addresses for this mode. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 18 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter IMPORTANT TIMING DATA The following timing applies for operation of nRF2402/nRF2402G. nRF2402/nRF2402G Timing Data nRF2402/nRF2402G timing Min. PWR_DWN è Configuration mode PWR_DWNè Active mode (TX) ST_BY è TX ShockBurst™ ST_BY è TX Direct Mode Minimum delay from CS to data. Minimum delay from CE to data. Delay between edges Setup time Hold time Delay to finish internal GFSK data Minimum input clock high Time on air, TX Direct mode Max. 3ms 3ms 195µs 202µs 5µs 5µs 50ns 500ns 500ns 1/data rate 500ns 4ms Name Tpd2cfgm Tpd2a Tsby2txSB Tsby2txDM Tcs2data Tce2data Td Ts Th Tfd Thmin ToaDM Table 15 Switching times for nRF2402/nRF2402G When the nRF2402/nRF2402G is powered up it must always settle in stand by for 3ms before it can enter configuration or active mode. PWR_UP CS CE CLK DIN Tpd2cfgm Figure 10 Timing diagram for power down (or VDD off) to configuration mode for nRF2402/nRF2402G. PWR_UP CS CE CLK DIN Tpd2a Figure 11 Power down (or VDD off) to active mode Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 19 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter Note that the configuration word will be lost when VDD is turned off and that the device then must be configured before going to active mode. If the device is configured one can go directly from power down to active mode. Note: CE and CS may not be high at the same time. Setting one or the other decides whether configuration or active mode is entered. Configuration Mode In configuration mode the transmitters output power, transmit frequency, data rate, CRC, and preamble is set. The configuring data will be loaded during the Chip Select period (CS="1"). A random number of bits between 1 and 20 may be shifted in to the register to configure the transmitter, but normally you would at least shift in the seven channel frequency bits. The new configuration is activated on the negative edge of CS. When one or more of the bits in the configuration word needs to be changed the following timing apply. Configuration Mode Timing t=0 PWR_UP CS CE CLK DIN Td CS CE Thmin CLK MSB Tcs2data DIN Ts Th Figure 12 Timing Diagram of Configuration Mode If configuration mode is entered from power down, CS can be set high after Tpd2sby as shown in Figure 10. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 20 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter ShockBurst™ Mode Timing t=0 PWR_UP CS CE CLK DIN . ANT1/ANT2 Tsby2txSB Td Toa CS THmin CE CLK Tce2data DIN Ts Th Figure 13 Timing of ShockBurst™ in nRF2402/nRF2402G. The package length and the data rate give the delay Toa (time on air), as shown in the equation. TOA = 1 / datarate ⋅ (# databits + 1) Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 21 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter Direct Mode Timing t=0 PWR_UP CS CE CLK DIN ANT1/ANT2 Td Tsby2txDM ToaDM Tfd Figure 14 Timing Diagram of Direct Mode In direct mode the input data will be sampled by nRF2402/nRF2402G and therefore no clock is needed. The clock must be stable at low level during transmission due to noise considerations. The exact delay Tsby2txDM is given by the equation: Tsby 2txDM = 194us + 1 / F XO ⋅ 20 + 2.25us The maximum length of a package (ToaDM) over all voltages and temperatures is 4ms. This is limited by frequency drift in the transmitter and is independent of data rate and frequency channel. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 22 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter PERIPHERAL RF INFORMATION Antenna output The ANT1 and ANT2 output pins provide a balanced RF output to the antenna. The pins must have a DC path to VDD_PA, either via a RF choke or via the center point in a balanced antenna. Differential load impedance between the ANT1 and ANT2 pins, 100Ω+j175Ω, is recomme nded for maximum output power. Antennas with lower load impedance (for example 50Ω) can be matched to nRF2402/nRF2402G by using a simple matching network. Antenna matching networks The recommended 50Ω matching network is shown in Figure 15. This is a low pass network improving higher harmonic suppression. 2.2nF 4.7pF 1.0pF VDD_PA nRF2402 10nH ANT2 3.3nH ANT1 RF output 5.6nH 1.0pF 4.7pF Figure 15 Low pass antenna matching network A somewhat simpler matching network is shown in Figure 16. 2.2nF 4.7pF 22nH 1.0pF VDD_PA nRF2402 RF output ANT2 3.6nH ANT1 1.0pF Cout 1.5pF Figure 16 High pass antenna matching network This network utilizes one component less and uses few inductors, but performance of this network requires very careful PCB ground plane layout. The value of capacitor Cout is dependent on PCB ground plane layout and parasitics in the layout, and must hence be matched to a given application layout. The value of Cout will typically be in the range 1.0pF – 1.8pF. Cout must be tuned while checking that the harmonics output is below frequency regulatory limits. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 23 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter Output Power adjustment Power setting bits of configuring word 11 10 01 00 RF output power DC current consumption 0 dBm ±3dB -5 dBm ±3dB -10 dBm ±3dB -20 dBm ±3dB Conditions: Load impedance = 100+j175 Ω. 11.5 mA 10.0 mA 8.5 mA 7.0 mA Table 16 RF output power setting for the nRF2402/nRF2402G. Crystal Specification Tolerance includes initially accuracy and tolerance over temperature and aging. Frequency CL ESR C0max Tolerance 4MHz 8MHz 12MHz 16MHz 20MHz 8pF – 16pF 8pF – 16pF 8pF – 16pF 8pF – 16pF 8pF – 16pF 150Ω 100Ω 100Ω 100Ω 100Ω 7.0pF 7.0pF 7.0pF 7.0pF 7.0pF ±30ppm ±30ppm ±30ppm ±30ppm ±30ppm Table 17 Crystal specification of the nRF2402/nRF2402G To achieve a crystal oscillator solution with low power consumption and fast start-up time, it is recommended to specify the crystal with a low value of crystal load capacitance. Specifying a lower value of crystal parallel equivalent capacitance, Co=1.5pF is also good, but this can increase the price of the crystal itself. Typically Co=1.5pF at a crystal specified for Co_max=7.0pF. The crystal load capacitance, CL, is given by: CL = C1 '⋅C 2 ' , C1 '+C 2 ' where C1 ' = C1 + C PCB1 + C I 1 and C 2 ' = C 2 + C PCB 2 + C I 2 C1 and C2 are 0603 SMD capacitors as shown in the application schematics. CPCB1 and CPCB2 are the layout parasitic on the circuit board. CI1 and CI2 are the capacitance seen into the XC1 and XC2 pin respectively; the value is typical 1pF. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 24 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter Sharing crystal with micro controller. When using a micro controller to drive the crystal reference input XC1 of the nRF2402/nRF2402G transmitter some rules must be followed. Crystal parameters: When the micro controller drives the nRF2402/nRF2402G XC1 input, all crystal load parameters (C L, C 0, ESR) are set by the micro controller specification. The frequency accuracy (±30 ppm) is still set by the nRF2402/nRF2402G specification. The nRF2402/nRF2402G will load the crystal circuitry of the micro controller by XC1 input capacitance (0.5pF) plus PBC routing paracitics. External reference input amplitude & Current consumption The reference input should never have signal levels exceeding rail voltages. Exceeding rail voltage will excite the ESD structure and the radio performance is degraded below specification. Applying reference sources without DC bias will bring the reference signal under GND level, and this is not acceptable. XO_OUT Buffer: Sine to full swing Amplitude controlled current source Current starved inverter: XOSC core Vdd Vdd Vss Vss ESD ESD XC1 Figure 17 XC2 Principle of crystal oscillator It is hence recommended to use a DC-block before the XC1 pin so that the internal ESD structures will self bias the XC1 voltage. The nRF2402/nRF2402G crystal oscillator is amplitude regulated. To achieve low current consumption and also good signal-to-noise ratio, it is recommended to use an input signal Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 25 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter larger than 0.4 V-peak. The needed input swing is independent of the crystal frequency. When using external crystal refernce, XC2 is not used and can be left as an open pin. Frequency Reference MCU In direct mode there is a requirement on the accuracy of the data rate. For the receiver to detect the incoming data and recover the clock, the data rate must be within ±200ppm, given that the data is "random", i.e. there is a statistical calculation on how often a preamble like sequence is present in the data. The clock is synchronized for any preamble detection, be it a dedicated preamble or part of the data stream. PCB layout and de-coupling guidelines A well-designed PCB is necessary to achieve good RF performance. Keep in mind that a poor layout may lead to loss of performance, or even functionality, if due care is not taken. A fully qualified RF-layout for the nRF2402/nRF2402G and its surrounding components, including matching networks, can be downloaded from www.nordicsemi.no. A PCB with a minimum of two layers including a ground plane is recommended for optimum performance. The nRF2402/nRF2402G DC supply voltage should be de-coupled as close as possible to the VDD pins with high performance RF capacitors, see Table 18. It is preferable to mount a large surface mount capacitor (e.g. 4.7µF tantalum) in parallel with the smaller value capacitors. The nRF2402/nRF2402G supply voltage should be filtered and routed separately from the supply voltages of any digital circuitry. Long power supply lines on the PCB should be avoided. All device grounds, VDD connections and VDD bypass capacitors must be connected as close as possible to the nRF2402/nRF2402G IC. The VSS pins should be connected directly to the ground plane. One via hole should be used for each VSS pin. Full swing digital data or control signals should not be routed close to the crystal or the power supply lines. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 26 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter APPLICATION EXAMPLE nRF2402/nRF2402G with single ended matching network VDD VDD C5 1nF C6 10nF 16 15 14 13 R2 22k CE CS CLK DIN C8 1.0pF C3 4.7pF nRF2402 L2 VDD_PA ANT2 ANT1 VSS_PA 10nH 12 11 10 9 L1 3.3nH C9 L3 VSS XC2 XC1 VDD 1 2 3 4 PWR_UP VSS IREF VDD PWR_UP CE CS CLK DIN C4 2.2nF U1 NRF2402 5.6nH RF output 4.7pF 5 6 7 8 C7 1.0pF VDD X1 16MHz R1 1M C1 22pF C2 22pF Figure 18 nRF2402/nRF2402G schematic for RF layouts with single ended 50Ω antenna Component Size Value Tolerance Units C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 R1 R2 U1 Capacitor ceramic, 50V, NPO Capacitor ceramic, 50V, NPO Capacitor ceramic, 50V, NPO Capacitor ceramic, 50V, X7R Capacitor ceramic, 50V, X7R Capacitor ceramic, 50V, X7R Resistor Resistor nRF2402/nRF2402G transmitter 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 QFN16 / 4x4 ±5% ±5% ±5% ±10% ±10% ±10% ±10% ±1% pF pF pF nF nF nF MΩ kΩ X1 Crystal, CL = 12pF, ESR < 100 ohm Inductor 2) Inductor 2) Inductor 2) Ceramic capacitor, 50V, NP0 Ceramic capacitor, 50V, NP0 Ceramic capacitor, 50V, NP0 LxWxH = 4.0x2.5x0.8 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 22 22 4.7 2.2 1.0 10 1.0 22 nRF2402/ nRF2402G 16 1) +/- 30 ppm MHz 3.3 10 5.6 1.0 1.0 4.7 ± 5% ± 5% ± 5% ± 0.1 pF ± 0.1 pF ± 0.25 pF nH nH nH pF pF pF L1 L2 L3 C7 C8 C9 Description Table 18 Recommended components (BOM) in nRF2402/nRF2402G with antenna matching network 1) 2) nRF2402/nRF2402G can operate at several crystal frequencies, ref. the Crystal Spec. chapter. Self-resonant frequency (SFR) must be > 2.7 GHz Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 27 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter PCB layout example Figure 19 shows a PCB layout example for the application schematic in Figure 18. A double-sided FR-4 board of 1.6mm thickness is used. This PCB has ground planes on both bottom layer and top layer to ensure good grounding of critical component. Additionally, there are ground areas on the component side of the board to ensure sufficient grounding of critical components. A large number of via holes connect the top layer ground areas to the bottom layer ground plane. No components in bottom layer Top silk screen Bottom view Top view Figure 19 nRF2402/nRF2402G RF layout with single ended connection to 50Ω antenna and 0603 size passive components Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 28 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter DEFINITIONS Data sheet status Objective product specification Preliminary product specification Product specification This datasheet contains target specifications for product development. This datasheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published from Nordic Semiconductor ASA later. This datasheet contains final product specifications. Nordic Semiconductor ASA reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product. Limiting values Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Specifications sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Application information Where application information is given, it is advisory and does not form part of the specification. Table 19. Definitions. Nordic Semiconductor ASA reserves the right to make changes without further notice to the product to improve reliability, function or design. Nordic Semiconductor does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuits described herein. LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Nordic Semiconductor ASA customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Nordic Semiconductor ASA for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale. Product Specification: Revision Date: 26/04/2005. Datasheet order code: 260405-nRF2402/nRF2402G. All rights reserved ®. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 29 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter YOUR NOTES Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 30 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF2402/nRF2402G Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter Nordic Semiconductor ASA – World Wide Distributors For Your nearest dealer, please see http://www.nordicsemi.no Main Office: Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Phone: +47 72 89 89 00, Fax: +47 72 89 89 89 Visit the Nordic Semiconductor ASA web site at http://www.nordicsemi.no Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 2.0 Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 31 of 31 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 April 2005