UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 Advanced PWM Controller With Pre-Bias Operation Check for Samples: UCC28250 FEATURES DESCRIPTION • • The UCC28250 PWM controller is designed for high power density applications that may have stringent pre-biased startup requirements. The UCC28250’s integrated synchronous rectifier control outputs target high efficiency and high performance topologies such as half-bridge, full-bridge, interleaved forward, and push-pull. The UCC27200 half bridge drivers and UCC2732X MOSFET drivers used in conjunction with the UCC28250 provide a complete power converter solution. 1 • • • • • • • Pre-biased Startup Synchronous Rectifier Control Outputs with Programmable Delays (Including Zero Delay Support) Voltage Mode Control with Input Voltage Feed-Forward or Current Mode Control Primary or Secondary-Side Control 3.3-V, 1.5% Accurate Reference Output 1-MHz Capable Switching Frequency 1% Accurate Cycle-by-Cycle Over Current Protection with Matched Duty Cycle Outputs Programmable Soft-Start and Hiccup Restart Timer Thermally Enhanced 4-mm x 4-mm QFN-20 Package and 20-pin TSSOP Package Externally programmable soft-start, used in conjunction with an internal pre-biased startup circuit, allows the controller to gradually reach a steady-state operating point under all output conditions. The UCC28250 can be configured for primary or secondary-side control and either voltage or current mode control can be implemented. The oscillator operates at frequencies up to 2 MHz, and can be synchronized to an external clock. Input voltage feedforward, cycle-by-cycle current limit, and a programmable hiccup timer allow the system to stay within a safe operation range. Input voltage, output voltage and temperature protection can be implemented. Dead time between primary-side switch and secondary-side synchronous rectifiers can be independently programmed. APPLICATIONS • • • • • Half-Bridge, Full-Bridge, Interleaved Forward, and Push-Pull Isolated Converters Telecom and Data-com Power Wireless Base Station Power Server Power Industrial Power Systems Simplified Application Diagram VIN (36 V ~ 75 V) VIN (36 V ~ 75 V) UCC28250 UCC27200 OVP OUTA HI HI RAMP OUTB LO LO RT SRA SS SRB Isolation COMP VOUT UCC2732x Feedback and Isolation GND Not Shown: PS, SP, HICC, VDD, EA+, EA-, VREF, EN, ILIM, AND VSENSE 1 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com ORDERING INFORMATION TEMPERATURE RANGE TA = TJ PACKAGE TAPE AND REEL QTY Plastic 20-pin QFN (RGP) -40°C to 125°C Plastic 20-pin TSSOP (PW) PART NUMBER 250 UCC28250RGPT 3000 UCC28250RGPR 250 UCC28250PWT 3000 UCC28250PWR ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS over operating free-air temperature range (1) (2) (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER VDD (3) VALUE Input supply voltage HBM OUTA, OUTB, SRA and SRB -0.3 to VDD + 0.3 COMP -0.3 to VREF + 0.3 Input voltages on SS and EN -0.3 to 5.5 Input voltages on RT, PS, SP, ILIM, OVP, HICC, VSENSE, EA+ and EA- -0.3 to 3.6 Input voltage on RAMP/CS -0.3 to 4.3 Output voltage on VREF -0.3 to 3.6 2k Lead temperature (soldering 10 sec) PW package (1) (2) (3) V 3k ESD rating CDM UNIT -0.3 to 20.0 300 °C Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper device handling procedures. All voltages are with respect to GND unless otherwise noted. Currents are positive into, negative out of the specified terminal. See Packaging Section of the datasheet for thermal limitations and considerations of packages. THERMAL INFORMATION UCC28250 UCC28250 RGP PW (1) THERMAL METRIC qJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance qJC(top) Junction-to-case(top) thermal resistance (2) (3) Junction-to-board thermal resistance qJC(bottom) Junction-to-case(bottom) thermal resistance (3) (4) (5) 2 20 PINS 60.3 with hot spot, 39.3 without hot spot 31.5 (4) qJB (1) (2) 20 PINS 126 with hot spot, 104 without hot spot UNITS °C/W 55.8 (5) 0.8 For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953. The junction-to-ambient thermal resistance under natural convection is obtained in a simulation on a JEDEC-standard, high-K board, as specified in JESD51-7, in an environment described in JESD51-2a. The junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the package top. No specific JEDEC-standard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88. The junction-to-board thermal resistance is obtained by simulating in an environment with a ring cold plate fixture to control the PCB temperature, as described in JESD51-8. The junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the exposed (power) pad. No specific JEDEC standard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN Supply voltage range, VDD TYP 4.7 Supply bypass capacitor, CVDD MAX 12 UNIT 17 V 1 VREF bypass capacitor 0.5 2 Error amplifier input common mode range (REF/EA+, FB/EA-) 0 3.0 VSENSE input voltage range 0 3.3 12.5 200 5 250 RT resistor range PS, SP resistor range RAMP/CS voltage range Operating junction temperature range µF V kΩ 0 2.7 V -40 125 °C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (1) VDD = 12 V, 1-µF capacitor from VDD and VREF to GND, TA = TJ = -40°C to 125°C, RT = 75 kΩ connected to ground to set FSW = 200 kHz (unless otherwise noted). PARAMETER TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNITS Supply Currents IDD(off) Startup current VDD = 3.6 V 150 275 µA IDD Operating supply current 100-pF capacitor on OUTA, OUTB, SRA and SRB 2.0 2.7 3.4 mA IDD(dis) Standby current EN = 0 V 250 425 600 µA Under Voltage Lockout VUVLOR Start threshold 4.0 4.3 4.6 VUVLOF Minimum operating voltage after start 3.8 4.1 4.4 0.15 0.20 0.25 Hysteresis V Soft Start ISS Soft-start charge current VSS(max) Clamp voltage VSS = 0 V 25 27 29 µA 3.3 3.6 4.0 V 2.25 V Enable (2) Trigger threshold Minimum pulse width for pulse enable 3 µs Error Amplifier High-level COMP voltage 2.8 Low-level COMP voltage 3 0.3 Input offset -12 0.4 12 Open loop gain 70 100 ICOMP(snk) COMP sink current 3.0 6.5 9.0 ICOMP(src) COMP source current 2.0 4.5 8.0 (1) (2) V mV dB mA Typical values for TA = 25°C. Refer to EN pin description. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 3 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (1) (continued) VDD = 12 V, 1-µF capacitor from VDD and VREF to GND, TA = TJ = -40°C to 125°C, RT = 75 kΩ connected to ground to set FSW = 200 kHz (unless otherwise noted). PARAMETER TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNITS Oscillator FSW(nom) Nominal switching frequency at OUTA or OUTB set by RT resistor FSW(min_sync) Minimum switching frequency at OUTA or OUTB set by fRT/SYNC = 100 kHz external sync frequency FSW(max_sync) Maximum switching frequency at OUTA or OUTB set by external sync frequency RT/SYNC = 75 kΩ, RSP = 20 kΩ 185 215 kHz 85 fRT/SYNC = 2.5 MHz External synchronization signal high 200 1.15 MHz 1 V External synchronization signal low 0.2 Voltage Reference VVREF Output voltage Short circuit current VDD = from 7 V to 17 V, IVREF = 2 mA 3.22 3.30 3.38 0 < IREF < 10 mA 3.22 3.30 3.38 12 25 40 0.495 0.502 0.509 V 15 25 36 ns 40 60 90 ns VREF = 3 V, TJ = 25°C V mA Current Sense, Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit With Hiccup VILIM ILIM cycle-by-cycle threshold TPDILIM Propagation delay from ILIM to OUTA and OUTB outputs TBLANK leading edge blanking Exclude leading edge blanking Current limit shutdown delay timing program current Measured at HICC pin 55 75 95 Hiccup timing program current Measured at HICC pin 2 2.7 3.5 0.55 0.60 0.65 µA VHICC_SD Current limit shutdown delay timer threshold at HICC VHICC_PU HICC pull-up threshold 2.3 2.4 2.5 VHICC_RST Hiccup restart threshold 0.25 0.30 0.35 VCS(max) RAMP/CS clamp voltage 3.5 4.0 4.5 4 10-V ramp charging voltage source with 40-kΩ current limiting resistor Submit Documentation Feedback V Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (1) (continued) VDD = 12 V, 1-µF capacitor from VDD and VREF to GND, TA = TJ = -40°C to 125°C, RT = 75 kΩ connected to ground to set FSW = 200 kHz (unless otherwise noted). PARAMETER TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNITS OVP/OTP Comparator VOVP Internal reference IOVP Internal current 0.66 0.70 0.74 V 8.5 11.0 13.5 µA Primary Outputs Rise/fall time CLOAD = 100 pF RSRC Output source resistance IOUT = 20 mA 12 20 8 35 ns RSNK Output sink resistance IOUT = 20 mA 4 12 30 IOUT = 20 mA, VDD = 12 V 12 20 35 IOUT = 20 mA, VDD = 5 V 15 25 45 IOUT = 20 mA, VDD = 12 V 4 12 30 Ω Synchronous Rectifier Outputs Rise/fall time RSRC Output source resistance RSNK Output sink resistance TDPS Primary off to secondary on dead time CLOAD = 100 pF Secondary off to primary on dead time ns PS = VREF -5.0 0 7.5 PS = 27 kΩ 27 40 50 PS = 27 kΩ, 25°C TDSP 8 37 40 43 SP = VREF -5.0 0 7.5 SP = 20 kΩ 30 40 50 SP = 20 kΩ, 25°C 37 40 43 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 Ω ns ns 5 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com DEVICE INFORMATION Over temperature OUTB SRA SRB 9 8 7 6 OTP + 4.1V/4.3V OUTA Functional Block Diagram UVLO VDD 5 Vref OK COMP 2 FB/EA- 1 REF/EA+ 13 SS 16 RAMP/CS 14 VSENSE 4 GND EN_INT Switching Logic LDO OP + + OCP VREF 20 3 Vref ready + Enable detection Level&pulse EN 18 + Cycle by cycle current limit & duty cycle match + 0.5V BLANK SR_RAMP ILIM 17 Enable OCP delay timer 550mV HICC 10 350mV SR_RAMP generator gm + + 11uA Hiccup timer OVP/OTP 19 + 0.7V OVP RT 15 CLK Oscillator SP 12 PS 11 70ns leading edge blanking BLANK Deadtime NOTE Pin numbers are used for RGP package. PW package has different pin numbers. 6 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 + Typical Application Diagram Figure 1. Primary-Side Half-Bridge Controller with Synchronous Rectification Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 7 UCC28250 www.ti.com + SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 Figure 2. Secondary-Side Half-Bridge Controller with Synchronous Rectification 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 DEVICE INFORMATION Pinout Drawings TSSOP-20 TOP VIEW QFN-20 TOP VIEW RT VSENSE SS SP PS 15 12 11 14 13 RAMP/CS 16 10 HICC ILIM 17 9 OUTA EN 18 8 OUTB OVP/OTP 19 7 SRA VREF 20 6 SRB 1 2 3 4 REF/EA+ FB/EA- COMP GND 5 VDD VSENSE 1 20 SS RT 2 19 SP RAMP/CS 3 18 PS ILIM 4 17 HICC EN 5 16 OUTA OVP/OTP 6 15 OUTB VREF 7 14 SRA REF/EA+ 8 13 SRB FB/EA- 9 12 VDD COMP 10 11 GND Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 9 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com TERMINAL FUNCTIONS 10 QFN-20 PW-20 NAME I/O 5 12 VDD I Bias supply input. FUNCTION 20 7 VREF O 3.3-V reference output. 18 5 EN I Device enable and disable. 15 2 RT I Oscillator frequency set or synchronous clock input. 12 19 SP I Synchronous rectifier off to primary on dead-time set . 11 18 PS I Primary off to synchronous rectifier on dead-time set . 16 3 RAMP/CS I PWM ramp input (for voltage mode control) or current sense input (for current mode control). 1 8 REF/EA+ I Error amplifier non-inverting input. 2 9 FB/EA- I Error amplifier inverting input. 3 10 COMP I/O 14 1 VSENSE I 13 20 SS I/O Error amplifier output. Output voltage sensing for pre-bias control. Soft-start programming. 17 4 ILIM I Current sense for cycle-by-cycle over-current protection. 10 17 HICC I Cycle-by-cycle current limit time delay and Hiccup time setting. 19 6 OVP/OTP I Over voltage and over temperature protection pin. 9 16 OUTA O 0.2-A sink/source primary switching output. 8 15 OUTB O 0.2-A sink/source primary switching output. 7 14 SRA O 0.2-A sink/source synchronous rectifier output. 6 13 SRB O 0.2-A sink/source synchronous rectifier output. 4 11 GND I Ground. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 DETAILED PIN DESCRIPTIONS VDD (5/12) The UCC28250 can be powered up by a wide supply range from 4.3 V (UVLO rising typical) to 20 V (absolute maximum), making it suitable for primary-side control or secondary-side control. When the voltage at the VDD pin is lower than 4.1 V (typical), the controller is in stand-by mode and consumes 150 µA (typical) at 3.6 V VDD. In stand-by mode, VREF continues to be regulated to 3.3 V or follows VDD if VDD is lower than 3.3 V. Please refer to the VREF description for more detailed information. A minimum 1-µF bypass capacitor is required from VDD to ground. Keep the bypass capacitor as close to the device as possible. VREF (Reference Generator) (20/7) The VREF pin is regulated at 3.3 V. An external ceramic capacitor must be placed as close as possible to the VREF and GND pins for noise filtering and to provide compensation to the regulator. The capacitance range must be limited between 0.5 µF to 2 µF for stability. This reference is used to power the controller’s internal circuits, and can also be used to bias an opto-coupler transistor, an external house-keeping microcontroller, or other peripheral circuits. This reference can also be used to generate the reference for an external error amplifier. This regulator output is internally current limited to 25 mA (typical). EN (Enable Pin) (18/5) The following conditions must be met before the controller allows start up: 1. VDD voltage is above the rising UVLO threshold 4.3 V (typical); 2. The 3.3-V reference voltage output at the VREF pin is available and above 2.4 V (typical); 3. Junction temperature is below the thermal shutdown threshold 130°C (minimum); 4. The voltage at OVP is below 0.7 V (typical). If all these conditions are met, the signal driving the EN pin is able to initiate the soft start process. Once the device is enabled, the 27-µA internal charging current at the SS pin is turned on and begins to charge the soft-start capacitor. The EN pin can accept both level-enable and pulse-enable signals. For level-enable, the voltage level on the EN pin needs to be continuously higher than 2.25 V to allow continuous operation. Once the EN pin falls below 2.25 V, the device is disabled (see Figure 3). UVLO EN SS 0.3V CLK Figure 3. Level Enable at EN pin Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 11 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com A pulse signal may also be applied to the EN pin. Pulse-enable operation is shown on Figure 4. If the EN falling edge happens before the SS voltage reaches 0.3 V, the enable signal at EN pin is considered as a pulse. In this case, the next rising edge at EN pin disables the controller. If the falling edge of the first pulse at EN pin happens after SS rises to 0.3 V, the UCC28250 interprets the pulse enable as a level enable, and an external solution as shown on Figure 5 (a) can be used to reduce the pulse width. In this circuit, R2 is used to limit the current (especially the negative current) through the internal ESD cell. Figure 5 (b) illustrates the waveforms based on this solution. To prevent false trigger by noises, the pulse at the EN pin must be at least 2.25 V (minimum) high and 3 µs wide to be considered valid. Choose the R1, R2, and C values based on the following equations: Choose R2 based on the current limit requirement from the device. R2 > 10kW (1) Choose R1 arbitrarily but much smaller than R2 and choose C1 according to the time constant requirement to generate longer than 3-µs pulse. C1 = 6 ms R1 (2) If enable function is not used, pull EN pin to VREF. UVLO EN SS 0.3V CLK Figure 4. Pulse Enable at EN Pin (a) (b) UCC28250 Enable Signal C1 R2 EN Enable Signal R1 EN Figure 5. An External Solution to Generate Enable Pulses for Pulse Enable 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 RT (Oscillator Frequency Set and Synchronization) (15/2) The UCC28250 oscillator frequency is set by an external resistor connected between the RT pin and ground. Switching frequency selection is a trade-off between efficiency and component size. Based on the selected switching frequency, the programming resistor value can be calculated as: 1 - Td(SP ) 2 ´ fSW RT = 33.2pF (3) In this equation, fSW is the switching frequency and TD(sp) is the dead time between synchronous rectifier turn-off to primary switch turn-on. TD(sp) is set by an external resistor between the SP pin and ground (refer to the SP pin description). Each output (OUTA, OUTB, SRA, SRB) switches at half the oscillator frequency (fSW = ½ x fOSC). Figure 6 shows the relationship between RT and fOSC at certain TD(sp) and can be used to program oscillator frequency accordingly. OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs RT RESISTOR 2000 TD(ps) = 40 ns 1800 FOSC - Oscillator Frequency - kHz 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 TD(ps) = 100 ns 200 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 RT Resistor - kW Figure 6. Oscillator Frequency FOSC vs External Resistance of RT at TD(ps) = 40 ns and 100 ns The UCC28250 can be synchronized to an external clock by applying an external clock source to the RT pin. Synchronization helps with parallel operation and/or preventing beat frequency noise. The UCC28250 synchronizes its internal oscillator to an external frequency source ranging from 170 kHz to 2.3 MHz, which is equivalent to an 85-kHz to 1.15-MHz switching frequency. The internal oscillator frequency is clamped to 170 kHz during synchronization if the external source frequency drops below 170 kHz. The UCC28250 aligns the turn-on of primary outputs OUTA and OUTB to the falling edge of the synchronizing signal, as shown in Figure 7. If the frequency source is from the gate outputs of another half bridge controller, interleaving can be achieved. The interleaving angle is determined by the frequency source’s duty cycle. When a 50% duty cycle is applied, optimal interleaving is achieved, and EMI filters can be minimized. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 13 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com Frequency Source OUTA OUTB Figure 7. Timing Diagram for Synchronization CLK OUTA SRA Td(SP) Td(PS) OUTB SRB Td(SP) Td(PS) Figure 8. UCC28250 Outputs Timing Waveforms 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 SP (Synchronous Rectifier Turn-Off to Primary Output Turn-On Dead Time Programming) (13/19) The dead time TD(sp) between synchronous rectifier turn-off to primary output turn-on is programmed by an external resistor, RSP, connected between the SP pin and ground. The value of RSP can be determined by Figure 9. Zero dead time can be achieved by tying the SP pin to VREF. The falling edge of synchronous rectifier SRA/SRB is aligned with the raising edge of the primary output OUTA/OUTB. SP DEAD TIME vs SP RESISTOR 400 DSP - SP Dead Time - ns 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 RSP - SP Resistor - kW Figure 9. Dead Time TD(sp) vs. External Resistor RSP at SP Pin PS (Primary Output Turn-Off to Synchronous Rectifier Turn-On Dead Time Programming) (11/18) The dead time TD(ps) between primary output turn-off to synchronous rectifier turn-on is set by external resistor, RPS, connected between PS pin and ground. The value of is RPS is defined by Figure 10. Zero dead time can be achieved by tying the SP pin to VREF. PS DEAD TIME vs PS RESISTOR 400 DPS - PS Dead Time - ns 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 RPS - PS Resistor - kW Figure 10. Dead Time TD(ps) vs. External Resistor RPS at PS Pin Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 15 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com RAMP/CS (PWM Ramp Input or Current Sense Input) (16/3) The UCC28250 can be controlled using either voltage mode or current mode. RAMP/CS is a multi-function pin used either to generate the ramp signal for voltage mode control or to sense current for current mode control.The following sections describe the RAMP/CS functionality for voltage mode and current mode control. RAMP: Voltage Mode Control with Feed-Forward Operation For voltage mode control, a resistor RCS and a capacitor CCS must be connected to the RAMP/CS pin as shown in Figure 11. The internal pull-down switch has approximately 40-Ω on-resistance. The RAMP/CS pin is clamped internally to 4 V for internal device protection. The CCS value must be small enough to discharge the RAMP/CS pin from its peak voltage to ground within the pulse width of the BLANK signal (TD(sp) + 70 ns). The following formula derives a CCS value. æ 4 V / 2 ö Td(SP) + 70ns CCS < ç ÷´ 4V è 40 W ø (4) A CCS value less than 650 pF works for most applications. In order to minimize the impacts of parasitic capacitance caused by the PCB layout and routing, a minimum of 100 pF is recommended for CCS. Once CCS is determined, RCS can be calculated according to the desired ramp peak amplitude. RCS = 1 æ VCHARGE 2 ´ ln ç è VCHARGE - VPK ö ÷ ´ CCS ´ fSW ø (5) In this equation, the VCHARGE is the voltage used to generate the ramp, VPK is the desired ramp amplitude and the fSW is the switching frequency. Choose the ramp amplitude to accommodate the voltage range of the COMP pin and the maximum duty cycle required by the power stage. Use the following equation to select VPK, in the equation, DMAX is the maximum duty cycle for primary outputs. VPK = 1.4 V DMAX (6) UCC28250 UCC28250 VIN 36 V to 75 V VREF RCS RCS RAMP/CS CCS GND RAMP/CS BLANK CCS GND BLANK Figure 11. Fixed Ramp Generation/Ramp Generation With Input Voltage Feedforward Voltage feed-forward can be achieved by driving RCS from line input VIN. The peak of RAMP/CS is proportional to VIN and output has have much faster line transient response. When the UCC28250 is used for the primary-side control, RAMP parameters are critical for the optimal pre-biased start up performance. Refer to the ‘Voltage Mode Control and Input Voltage Feed-Forward’ section of the Functional Description section for a detailed design procedure of choosing RCS. If the line input cannot be easily accessed due to limited board area or other limitation, a RAMP signal with fixed peak voltage can be implemented by simply driving RCS from 3.3 V VREF (Figure 11). 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 CS: Current Mode Control For current mode control, the RAMP/CS pin is driven by a signal representative of the transformer primary-side current. The current signal has to have compatible input range of the COMP pin. As shown in Figure 12, the COMP pin voltage is used as the reference for peak current. The primary-side signals OUTA and OUTB are turned on by the internal clock signal and turned off when sensed peak current reaches the COMP pin voltage. Choose the current sense transformer turns ratio (1:n) and the burden resistor value (RB) based on the peak current at maximum load IMAX. Refer to the Functional Description section for more details on the current mode control. RB = 3V IMAX / n (7) COMP CS OUTA OUTB Figure 12. Peak Current Mode Control and PWM Generation REF/EA+ (1/8) REF/EA+ is the non-inverting input of the UCC28250’s internal error amplifier. When the UCC28250 is configured for secondary-side control, the internal error amplifier is used as the control loop error amplifier. Connect REF/EA+ directly to the VREF pin to provide the reference voltage for the feedback loop. When the UCC28250 is configured for primary-side control, the error amplifier is connected as a voltage follower. Connect REF/EA+ to the opto-coupler output. The voltage range on REF/EA+ pin is 0 V to 3.7 V. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 17 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com FB/EA- (2/9) FB/EA- is the inverting input of the UCC28250’s internal error amplifier. When the UCC28250 is configured for secondary-side control, connect the output voltage sensing divider to this pin. The voltage divider can be selected according to the voltage on REF/EA+ pin. Referring to Figure 13, pick the lower resistor RO1 value arbitrarily, and choose the upper resistor RO2 value as: æ VO ö RO2 = ç - 1÷ ´ RO1 è VREF / EA + ø (8) Because the control loop gain is affected by voltage divider resistor values, choose an appropriate RO1 value so that the voltage loop DC gain is larger than 40 dB to prevent interference between the primary-side control loop and the SR control loop during start up. When the UCC28250 is sitting on the primary side, the error amplifier is connected as a voltage follower. Connect FB/EA- directly with COMP pin. The maximum voltage allowed on FB/EA- pin is 3.7 V. COMP (3/10) The COMP pin is the internal error amplifier’s output. The voltage range of COMP pin is 0 V to 3 V. Both the primary-side switches’ duty cycle and secondary-side SRs’ duty cycle is controlled by the COMP pin voltage. At steady state, a higher COMP pin voltage results in a larger duty cycle for the primary-side switches and a smaller duty cycle on the SRs. When the UCC28250 controller is set up for secondary-side control, connect the compensation network from the FB/EA- pin to the COMP pin. For primary-side control, the error amplifier is connected as a voltage follower. Directly connect the COMP pin to the FB/EA- pin. VSENSE (14/1) The VSENSE pin is used to directly sense the output voltage and to feed it into a transconductance error amplifier. The measured voltage allows the UCC28250 to achieve optimal pre-biased start up performance. When configured as a secondary-side controller, the output voltage is sensed and fed into the FB/EA- pin. The UCC28250 uses a conventional error amplifier approach to allow type III compensation. Therefore, the FB/EApin voltage always follows the REF/EA+ voltage. The FB/EA- pin does not reflect the true output voltage and therefore this dedicated VSENSE pin is required. The voltage divider connected to VSENSE is discussed in the Pre-Biased Start-Up Section. When UCC28250 is set up as primary-side control, connect VSENSE pin to VREF. 18 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 SS (Soft Start Programming Pin) (13/20) The soft-start circuit gradually increases the converter’s output voltage until steady state operation is reached. This reduces start-up stresses and current surge. When the UCC28250 reaches its valid operating threshold, the SS pin capacitor is charged with a 27-µA current source. The UCC28250’s internal error amplifier non-inverting terminal follows the SS pin voltage on REF/EA+ pin voltage depending on which one is lower. Hence, during soft start, the SS pin voltage is lower than REF/EA+. The internal error amplifier then uses the SS pin as its reference voltage, until the SS pin voltage rises above the REF/EA+ level. Once the SS pin voltage is above REF/EA+ voltage, soft-start time is considered finished. The soft-start implementation scheme and timing is different, depending on the location of the UCC28250 with respect to the isolation barrier. For secondary-side control, the internal error amplifier is used to achieve the voltage regulation. The REF/EA+ is connected to an external reference voltage, FB/EA- is connected to the voltage sensing divider, and the error amplifier’s output pin (COMP) is connected through a compensation filter back to the FB/EA- pin (Figure 13). In this case, the primary output’s start-up is a closed loop soft start (soft-start input reference of error amplifier). The output soft-start time is determined by the external capacitor connected at SS pin based on the internal 27-µA charging current and the voltage set at REF/EA+ pin. Based on the soft-start time TSS, choose soft start capacitor CSS value as: CSS = 27 mA ´ TSS VREF / EA + (9) VOUT UCC28250 VSENSE CP1 RO2 VREF RZ3 RS2 RZ2 CZ2 COMP CZ3 FB/EA- REF/EA+ RS1 RO1 + + SS CSS Figure 13. Error Amplifier EAMP Connections for secondary-side Control Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 19 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com For primary-side control, the internal error amplifier is connected as a buffer stage. In other words, the COMP pin is shorted to the FB/EA- pin, and the output of an external error amplifier is connected to the REF/EA+ pin through an optical coupler (Figure 14). In this case, the output start-up is an open loop soft start because the COMP follows the soft-start voltage instead of the voltage loop output. The soft-start time is still determined by external capacitor CSS and the 27-µA internal charge current. The voltage depends on the value of final COMP voltage which corresponds to the regulated primary output duty cycle. According to the desired soft start time and COMP pin voltage level at steady state, the SS pin capacitor can be calculated as: CSS = 27 mA ´ TSS VCOMP _ final (10) After soft start, the voltage at SS pin is eventually clamped at around 4 V. Under fault conditions (UVLO, internal thermal shut down, OVP/OTP, hiccup mode), or when externally disabled, SS pin is pulled down to ground quickly by an internal switch with 2 kΩ on resistance to prepare for re-start. Pulling SS pin to ground externally shuts down the controller as well. VOUT UCC28250 RO2 CP1 VSENSE RZ3 CZ2 RZ2 VREF COMP CZ3 + FB/EA- REF/EA+ RO1 + + SS External Reference CSS Figure 14. Error Amplifier EAMP Connections for primary-side Control 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 ILIM (Current Limit for Cycle-By-Cycle Over-Current Protection) (17/4) Cycle-by-cycle current limit is accomplished using the ILIM pin for current mode control or for voltage mode control. The input to the ILIM pin represents the primary current information. If the voltage sensed at ILIM pin exceeds 0.5 V, the current sense comparator terminates the pulse of output OUTA or OUTB. If the high current condition persists, the controller operates in a cycle-by-cycle current limit mode with duty cycle determined by the current sense comparator instead of the PWM comparator. ILIM pin is pulled down by an internal switch at the rising edge of every clock cycle. This internal switch remains on for an additional 70 ns after OUTA or OUTB goes high to blank leading edge transient noise in the current sensing loop. This reduces the filtering requirements at the ILIM pin and improves the current sense response time. Transformer Primary Side Current UCC28250 ILIM CT RS HICC CS 1:n CHICC Figure 15. Current Limit Circuit Once the over current protection level IPK is selected, the current transformer turns ratio and the burden resistor value can be decided as: RS = 0.5 V ´ n IPK (11) In this equation, current transformer turns ratio is 1:n and RS is the burden resistor value. Some filtering capacitance is required to reduce the sensing noise. Choose the RC constant at about 100 ns, and calculate the capacitor value as: CS = 100ns RS (12) The cycle-by-cycle current limit operation time before all four outputs shut down can be programmed by external capacitor CHICC at HICC pin. (See HICC pin description) Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 21 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com HICC (10/17) The cycle-by-cycle current limit operation time before all four outputs shut down can be programmed by an external capacitor CHICC from HICC pin to ground, as shown in Figure 15. Once all four outputs are shutdown, controller goes into hiccup cycle which is about 100 times of the cycle-by-cycle current limit shut-down delay time. A 1-mA internal current source charges HICC pin up to 2.4 V, then the HICC pin is discharged by a 2.7-µA internal current source to generate long hiccup restart time until HICC reaches 0.3 V. Based on the system requirement, once the cycle-by-cycle current limit delay time TOC(delay) is selected, the HICC pin capacitor CHICC can be selected based on the equation TOC(delay ) ´ 75 mA CHICC = 0.6 V (13) TOCdealy THICC HICC 2.4V 0.6V 0.3V t SS 4V t OUTA OUTB Normal OC Normal OC Hiccup Soft Start Figure 16. Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit Delay Timer and Hiccup Restart Timer As shown in Figure 16, cycle-by-cycle current limiting shut-down delay time is: TOC(delay ) = CHICC ´ 0.6 V 75 mA (14) And hiccup-restart-time THICC is equal to: THICC = CHICC ´ 2.4 V - 0.3 V 2.7 mA (15) As soon as the outputs are shut-down, the SS pin is pulled to ground internally until the hiccup restart timer is reset after time duration THICC. 22 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 OVP/OTP (19/6) The OVP/OTP pin provides multiple fault protection functions. If the voltage on the OVP/OTP pin exceeds 0.7 V, a fault shutdown occurs. All outputs stop switching and stay off (low) during the shutdown, and the SS pin is pulled to ground internally. Once the fault condition is cleared (i.e. OVP/OTP voltage drops below 0.7 V), the UCC28250 enters hiccup mode. A soft-start cycle begins after the hiccup cycle is finished. An internal 11-µA switched current source is used to create hysteresis. If the external resistor divider runs from line voltage VIN, a line over voltage protection is implemented. If the external resistor divider runs from the output voltage, output over voltage fault protection is achieved. Figure 17 shows the over-voltage protection external configuration at the OVP/OTP pin. According to the protection threshold VR and recovery threshold VF, choose an arbitrary R2 value. To ensure a realistic solution, R2 needs to meet the following: R2 < 0.7 V ´ (VR - VF ) 11mA ´ (VR - 0.7 V ) (16) The other two resistors, R1 and R3 can be calculated. R1 = R3 = VR - 0.7 V ´ R2 0.7 V 0.7 V ´ (VR - VF ) - 11mA ´ R2 ´ (VR - 0.7 V ) (17) 11mA ´ VR (18) If the external resistor divider runs from 3.3-V VREF, and replaces R2 with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor, an over temperature fault protection with programmable hysteresis is accomplished (Figure 18). Choose an arbitrary PTC value, which has a resistance as RPTC1 at protection temperature and resistance as RPTC2 at recovery temperature. Because of its positive temperature coefficient, RPTC1 is larger than RPTC2. To ensure an available solution, RPTC1 and RPTC2 need to meet the criteria. 0.7 V ´ (RPTC1 - RPTC2 ) - 11mA ´ RPTC1 ´ RPTC2 ³ 0 (19) And resistors R1 and R3 can be calculated as: R1 = 3.7 ´ RPTC1 R3 = (20) 2.6 V ´ ëé0.7 V ´ (RPTC1 - RPTC2 ) - 11mA ´ RPTC1 ´ RPTC2 ûù 11mA ´ (2.6 V ´ RPTC1 + 0.7 V ´ RPTC2 ) (21) UCC28250 VREF VIN or VOUT 11 mA R1 R3 R2 OVP + 0.7 V Figure 17. Over Voltage Protection Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 23 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com UCC28250 VREF R1 11 mA R3 OVP + 0.7 V PTC Figure 18. Over Temperature Protection Figure 19 shows an external configuration using the OVP/OTP pin to achieve both over-voltage and over temperature protection. Follow the same design procedure for the OVP setting to choose R1, R2, and R3. Choose an NTC value at protection temperature much smaller than R1 and with the resistance at protection temperature as RNTC1, and recover temperature as RNTC2. The R4 value can be calculated as: R4 = 0.7 V ´ RNTC1 3.3 V - 0.7 V (22) Because of the interaction between the two voltage dividers, over temperature protection thresholds move slightly with the different input voltages. UCC28250 VREF VIN or VOUT NTC R1 11 mA R3 R4 R2 OVP + 0.7 V Figure 19. Over Voltage and Over Temperature Protection With Single OVP Pin OUTA (9/16) and OUTB (8/15) OUTA and OUTB are the primary-side switch control signals. With the 0.2-A peak current capability, an external gate driver is required. SRA (7/14) and SRB (6/13) SRA and SRB are the synchronous rectifier control signals. With the 0.2A peak current capability, an external gate driver is required. GND (4/11) GND pin is the ground reference for the whole device. Tie all the signal returns to this pin. 24 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS START-UP CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE STAND-BY CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE 240 465 VDD = 3.6 V VDD = 12 V 450 IDD(dis) - Stand-by Current - mA IDD(off) - Start-Up Current - mA 220 200 180 160 140 435 420 405 120 390 100 375 -45 -15 15 45 75 105 135 -15 -45 TJ - Temperature - °C 45 75 105 Figure 20. Figure 21. UVLO THRESHOLDS vs TEMPERATURE UVLO VOLTAGE LOCKOUT HYSTERESIS vs TEMPERATURE 135 0.225 UVLO - Under Voltage Lockout Hysteresis - V 4.41 4.33 Turn On UVLO Thresholds - V 15 TJ - Temperature - °C 4.25 4.17 Turn Off 4.09 4.01 0.220 0.215 0.210 0.205 0.200 0.195 0.190 3.93 -45 -15 15 45 75 105 135 -45 -15 15 45 75 105 135 TJ - Temperature - °C TJ - Temperature - °C Figure 22. Figure 23. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 25 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) OPERATING SUPPLY CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE SOFT-START CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE 27.4 2.85 27.3 2.80 ISS - Soft-Start Current - mA IDD - Operating Supply Current - mA FSW = 200 kHz 2.75 2.70 2.65 27.2 27.1 27.0 26.9 26.8 2.60 -45 -15 15 45 75 105 -45 135 -15 TJ - Temperature - °C 75 105 135 Figure 24. Figure 25. CYCLE-BY-CYCLE CURRENT LIMIT vs TEMPERATURE RAMP/CS CLAMP VOLTAGE AND HICCUP PULL-UP THRESHOLD vs TEMPERATURE IILIM - Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit Threshold - mV VHICC_PU / VCS(max) - RAMP/CS Clamp Voltage and Hiccup Pull-Up Threshold - V 500.6 500.4 500.2 500.0 499.8 499.6 499.4 -45 45 15 TJ - Temperature - °C -15 15 45 75 105 5.0 4.5 4.0 VCS(max) 3.5 3.0 2.5 VHICC_PU 2.0 1.5 -45 135 -15 15 45 75 105 135 TJ - Temperature - °C TJ - Temperature - °C Figure 26. 26 Figure 27. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) CURRENT LIMIT SHUTDOWN DELAY TIMER AND HICCUP RESTART vs TEMPERATURE 90 TBLANK 70 50 TPD_ILIM 30 10 -45 -15 15 75 45 105 135 VHICC_SD / VHICC_RST - Current Limit Shutdown Delay Timer and Hiccup Restart - V TPD_ILIM / TBLANK - Propagation Delay from ILIM to Outputs and Leading Edge Blanking - ns PROPAGATION DELAY/LEADING EDGE BLANKING vs TEMPERATURE 0.7 0.6 VHICC_SD 0.5 0.4 VHICC_RST 0.3 0.2 -15 -45 45 15 75 105 135 TJ - Temperature - °C TJ - Temperature - °C Figure 28. Figure 29. REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE 3.306 VDD = 12 V ILOAD = 1 mA 3.305 3.295 3.302 VREF - Reference Voltage - V VREF - Reference Voltage - V ILOAD = 10 mA ILOAD = 1 mA ILOAD = 10 mA 3.285 3.275 VDD = 7 V 3.298 VDD = 17 V VDD = 12 V 3.294 3.290 -55 -35 -15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 -55 TJ - Temperature - °C -35 -15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 TJ - Temperature - °C Figure 30. Figure 31. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 27 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) OVP INTERNAL REFERENCE vs TEMPERATURE OVP INTERNAL CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE 11.20 0.7015 11.15 IOVP - OVP Internal Currente - mA VOVP - OVP Internal Reference - V 0.7010 0.7005 0.7000 0.6995 0.6990 11.10 11.05 11.00 10.95 10.90 10.85 -45 -15 15 45 75 105 135 -45 -15 TJ - Temperature - °C 75 105 Figure 33. MINIMUM SYNCHRONIZATION FREQUENCY vs TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM SYNCHRONIZATION FREQUENCY vs TEMPERATURE 135 1.153 85.2 85.0 84.8 84.6 84.4 84.2 84.0 -45 -15 15 45 75 105 135 FSYN(max) - Maximum Synchronization Frequency - MHz FSYN(min) - Minimum Synchronization - kHz 45 Figure 32. 85.4 1.151 1.149 1.147 1.145 1.143 -45 TJ - Temperature - °C -15 15 45 75 105 135 TJ - Temperature - °C Figure 34. 28 15 TJ - Temperature - °C Figure 35. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) NOMINAL SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs TEMPERATURE DEAD TIME vs TEMPERATURE 42.5 42.0 200.6 TDPS at RPS = 27 kW 41.5 TDSP/TDPS - Dead Time- ns FSW(nom) - Nominal Switching Frequency - kHz 201.0 200.2 199.8 199.4 41.0 40.5 40.0 TDSP at RSP = 20 kW 39.5 39.0 38.5 199.0 38.0 -45 -15 15 75 45 105 135 -45 -15 TJ - Temperature - °C 105 135 OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE/SINK RESISTANCE vs TEMPERATURE TR 10 9 TF 8 7 6 15 45 75 105 135 RSRC / RSNK - Output Source Resistance/Sink Resistance - W OUTPUT RISE/FALL TIME vs TEMPERATURE 11 TR / TF - Output Rise/Fall Time - ns 75 Figure 37. VDD = 12 V -15 45 Figure 36. 12 -45 15 TJ - Temperature - °C 35 30 RSRC 25 RSNK 20 15 10 -45 -15 15 45 75 105 135 TJ - Temperature - °C TJ - Temperature - °C Figure 38. Figure 39. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 29 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com APPLICATION INFORMATION The UCC28250 is a high performance PWM controller with advanced synchronous rectifier outputs and is ideally suited for regulated half-bridge, full-bridge and push-pull converters. A dedicated internal pre-biased start up control loop working in conjunction with a primary-side voltage loop achieves monotonic pre-biased start up for either primary-side or secondary-side control applications. The UCC28250 architecture allows either voltage mode or current mode control. Input voltage feedforward can be implemented, allowing PWM ramp generator to improve the converter line transient response. Advanced cycle-by-cycle current limit achieves volt-second balancing even during fault conditions. The hiccup timer helps the system to stay within a safe operation range under over load conditions. With a multifunction OVP/OTP pin, combinations of input voltage protection, output voltage protection and over temperature protection can be implemented. The UCC28250 allows individual programming of dead time between primary-side switch and secondary-side SRs, in order to allow optimal power stage design. Dead time can also be reduced to zero, and this allows optimal system configuration considering the delays on the gate driver stage. The UCC28250 also provides complete system level protection functions, including UVLO, thermal shut down and over voltage, over current protection. Error Amplifier and PWM Generation The UCC28250 includes a high performance internal error amplifier with low input offset, high source/sink current capability and high gain bandwidth (typical 3.5 MHz). The reference of the error amplifier (REF/EA+ pin) is set externally to support flexible trimming of the voltage loop, and to make the controller flexible for both primary side, as well as secondary-side control. The extra positive input for the error amplifier is the SS pin which is used to externally program the soft-start time of the converter’s output. During steady state operation, the primary switch duty cycle, D, is generated based on the external ramp on RAMP/CS pin and the COMP pin voltage. A higher COMP pin voltage results in a larger duty cycle. The secondary-side SR duty cycle is SR_D = (1-D), complementary to the primary-side duty cycle, without considering the dead time between primary-side switch and secondary-side SR. The primary outputs begin to switch when COMP pin voltage is above the 350 mV internal offset. The synchronous rectifier outputs only switch after COMP pin voltage is above 550 mV internal offset. According to the internal logic, the minimum pulse width for the primary-side OUTA and OUTB is typically 100 ns. During soft start, the primary-side switch duty cycle is generated based on the external ramp on RAMP/CS pin and the COMP pin voltage. However, the duty cycle of secondary-side SR is generated based on an internal ramp and the COMP pin voltage. When the converter is controlled on the primary side, an internal ramp is a fixed ramp with 3-V peak voltage. When the converter is controlled on secondary side, an internal ramp is generated based on the internal pre-biased start-up loop. An internal pre-biased start-up loop modifies the SR duty cycle during soft start to achieve the optimal pre-biased start-up performance. After the SS pin reaches 2.9 V, the pre-biased start-up control loop is disabled. The secondary-side SR instantaneously changes into its steady state value as complementary to the primary-side duty cycle. 30 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 Pre-Biased Start Up With the internal error amplifier, UCC28250 supports both primary-side control and secondary-side control. For different control methods, the controller is configured accordingly and so is the pre-biased start-up control. During soft start, both the primary-side switches’ duty cycle and secondary-side SRs’ duty cycle are increased. This gradually increases the output voltage until steady state operation is reached, thereby reducing surge current. Secondary-Side Control For secondary-side control, the UCC28250 implements close-loop control of both the primary-side switches and secondary-side synchronous rectifiers’ duty cycles. This makes it easy to achieve optimal start up performance. The internal error amplifier is set up as the control loop error amplifier. Connect REF/EA+, FB/EA-, COMP and VSENSE as shown in Figure 40. To achieve optimal pre-biased start up performance, the output voltage needs to be directly measured. The UCC28250 uses the VSENSE pin to directly sense this output voltage. Choose the voltage dividers on VSENSE slightly different to the FB/EA- voltage divider so that the voltage on VSENSE pin is roughly 10% to 15% more than FB/EA- pin voltages. Select RO1 equal to RS1, and RS2 about 10% to 15% smaller than RO2. VOUT UCC28250 VSENSE CP1 RO2 VREF RZ3 RS2 RZ2 CZ2 COMP CZ3 FB/EA- REF/EA+ RS1 RO1 + + SS CSS Figure 40. Error Amplifier Set Up for Secondary-Side Control The error amplifier uses the lower voltage between the SS pin and the REF/EA+ pin to be the reference voltage for the feedback loop. In this method, the control loop is said to be ‘closed’ during the entire start up process, as it is always based on the true output voltage. During soft start, the primary-side switch duty cycle is controlled by the COMP pin voltage and ramp voltage generated on the RAMP/CS pin. A higher COMP pin voltage results in larger duty cycle. However, to improve start up performance, the secondary-side synchronous rectifier duty cycle is controlled by a separate, internal ramp signal (generated by a dedicated pre-biased start up loop) and by the COMP pin voltage. This dedicated pre-biased loop is much faster than the regular voltage loop in order to avoid interaction between the two loops. The start up loop reads the output voltage via a transconductance error amplifier connected to the VSENSE pin. When the output voltage is higher than the reference, the pre-biased start up loop increases the SR duty cycle to reduce the output voltage. Conversely, when the output voltage is lower than the reference, the SR duty cycle is decreased to help maintain higher output voltage. To speed up the start up time, the minimum duty cycle of the synchronous rectifier is 50%. Once the soft start is finished, the pre-biased loop is disabled and the duty cycle of the synchronous rectifiers becomes the complimentary of primary switches’ duty cycle, with some dead time inserted in between. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 31 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com Primary-Side Control When the UCC28250 is sitting on the primary side, the internal error amplifier is connected as a voltage follower and an extra error amplifier is needed on the secondary side for closed loop control. The error amplifier implementation is shown in Figure 41. VOUT UCC28250 RO2 CP1 VSENSE RZ3 CZ2 RZ2 VREF COMP CZ3 + FB/EA- REF/EA+ RO1 + + SS External Reference CSS Figure 41. Error Amplifier Setup for Primary-Side Control In the above configuration, the UCC28250 can only see the control loop feedback voltage, and cannot directly access the output voltage. The design of the soft-start time is critical to achieve optimal pre-biased start up performance. Some trial and error approaches are needed to achieve optimal performance. It is also important to choose the appropriate ramp amplitude. Refer to the ramp section discussion on the detailed design procedure for choosing ramp generation components. During soft start, regardless of the pre-biased condition, the output voltage is always lower than the regulation voltage, so that the feedback loop is always saturated. When the internal error amplifier is connected as a voltage follower, the COMP voltage follows the lower of the voltage on the RER/EA+ pin and the SS pin. Since the feedback loop is saturated, the COMP pin always follows the SS pin voltage, until the output voltage becomes regulated and the feedback voltage takes over. In this control method, the output voltage control loop is always saturated, and the controller soft starts the COMP pin voltage. Therefore, it is called open loop soft start. The primary-side switch duty cycle is controlled by the COMP pin voltage and by the RAMP/CS pin voltage. During soft start, the COMP pin voltage follows the SS pin as it is rising, so the primary-side switch duty cycle keeps increasing. When the output voltage becomes regulated, the feedback voltage becomes less than the SS pin voltage and the primary-side switch comes controlled by the control loop. For the primary-side control setup, because output voltage is not directly accessible, the internal pre-biased start up loop is disabled by connecting VSENSE to VREF. Instead, the internal ramp used to generate the synchronous rectifier duty cycle is fixed, with the peak voltage of 3 V. The duty cycle of the synchronous rectifier increases as the SS pin voltage increases. When the SS pin voltage reaches 2.9 V, the soft start is considered finished and the synchronous rectifier duty cycle becomes the complementary of the primary-side switch duty cycle, minus the programmed dead time. Because of different COMP pin voltages at different line voltages, the SR duty cycle generated by the internal ramp might be different than the complementary of the primary-side switch duty cycle (1-D). If the duty cycle is too large, the internal logic is able to limit the duty cycle to (1-D). However, if the duty cycle is too small, when the soft start is finished, the SR duty cycle has a sudden change, which will cause output voltage disturbance. To optimize the pre-biased start up performance, it is recommended that the duty cycle change at the end of soft start be as small as possible. 32 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 Voltage Mode Control and Input Voltage Feed-Forward For voltage mode control, a resistor RCS and a capacitor CCS are connected externally at RAMP/CS pin as shown in Figure 42. A ramp signal is generated on the RAMP/CS pin, at a rate of two times that of the switching frequency. The generated ramp signal is used to control the duty cycle for both the primary-side switches and secondary-side synchronous rectifiers. The ramp amplitude can be fixed or variable with the input voltage (input voltage feedforward). To realize a fixed amplitude ramp, connect RCS to the VREF pin, so that the ramp capacitor charging voltage is fixed regardless of line and load condition. The RAMP/CS pin is clamped internally to 4 V for internal device protection. Because the internal pull-down switch has about 40-Ω on-resistance, the CCS value must be small enough to discharge RAMP/CS from the peak to ground within TD(sp) + 70 ns (i.e. the pulse width of BLANK signal). To achieve the input voltage feedforward, the slope of the ramp needs to be proportional to the input voltage. Tie RCS to the input line voltage. Because the ramp voltage is much lower than the input voltage, the ramp capacitor charging current is considered to be proportional to the input voltage. With input voltage feedforward, the COMP pin voltage should only move slightly even with large input voltage variation. This will provide much better line transient response for the converter. UCC28250 UCC28250 VIN 36 V to 75 V VREF RCS RCS RAMP/CS CCS GND RAMP/CS BLANK CCS GND BLANK Figure 42. External Configuration of RAMP/CS Pin With/Without Feed-Forward Operation Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 33 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com The input voltage feedforward also helps on pre-biased start up. When doing primary-side control to pre-biased start up, three conditions need to be considered: Condition 1 At initial start up the primary side needs to provide enough energy to prevent output voltage dip; Condition 2 At the end of soft start, it is required to keep the SR duty cycle change to be as small as possible. With input voltage feedforward, the COMP pin voltage is virtually fixed for different input voltages. Therefore, before the end of soft start, the duty cycle is the same for different input voltages. Choose the RCS and CCS following the procedure below. Considering initial start up, the RAMP peak voltage should be: VRAMP VIN - VPRE -BIAS = 2´n ´ VSR(ramp) 2 ´ VPRE -BIAS (23) In this equation, VIN is the input voltage because of the feedforward any input voltage should be fine; VPRE-BIAS is the highest pre-bias start-up voltage required by the system; n is the tranformer primary to secondary turns ratio and VSR(ramp) is the internal SR ramp peak voltage 3 V. Another consideration is at the end of soft start, the SR duty cycle changes from controlled by the soft start, to complimentary to the primary-side duty cycle. The design should keep the transition as smooth as possible. Considering this, based on the output voltage and input voltage range, as well as the transformer turns ratio, calculate the SR duty cycle at different line voltages. Next, based on the maximum duty cycle on the SR_DMAX, and the internal fixed ramp amplitude 3 V, the COMP voltage at regulation can be chosen as: VCOMP( final) = (SR _ DMAX - 0.5 )´ 3 V ´ 2 (24) Condition 3 Use the calculated COMP pin voltage to derive the external ramp amplitude VRAMP = VCOMP( final) (1 - SR _ DMAX )´ 2 (25) According to the calculated ramp voltage from Equation 23 and Equation 25 some trade off is required to pick up the appropriate ramp voltage. Based on the selected ramp capacitor CCS value, choose the ramp resistor RCS value: RCS = VIN(max) ´ 2 VRAMP ´ CCS ´ fsw (26) In this equation, VIN(max) is the maximum input voltage, fSW is the switching frequency. Because these calculations ignore the dead time and the non-linearity of the ramp, slight modification is expected to achieve the optimal design. When the input voltage feed forward is not used, refer to the RAMP pin discussion for RC calculation. 34 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 Peak Current Mode Control For peak current mode control, RAMP/CS pin is connected directly with the current signal generated from a current transformer. The current signal must be compatible with the input range of the COMP pin. External slope compensation is required to prevent sub-harmonic oscillation and to maintain flux-balance. The slope compensation can be implemented by using OUTA and OUTB to charge external capacitors and use the voltage follower to add into the sensed the current signal, as shown in Figure 43. Follow the peak current mode control theory to select compensation slope or refer to “Modeling, Analysis and Compensation of the Current-Mode Converter”, (TI Literature Number SLUA101). OUTA OUTB UCC28250 VREF Transformer Primary Side Current RAMP/CS CT BLANK RS CS 1:n Figure 43. UCC28250 Set Up for Peak Current Mode Control Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 35 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit and Hiccup Mode Protection Cycle-by-cycle current limit is accomplished using the ILIM pin for both current mode control and voltage mode control. The input to the ILIM pin represents the primary current information. If the voltage sensed at ILIM pin exceeds 0.5 V, the current sense comparator terminates the pulse of output OUTA or OUTB. If the high current condition persists, the controller operates in a cycle-by-cycle current limit mode with duty cycle determined by the current sense comparator instead of the PWM comparator. ILIM pin is pulled down by an internal switch at the rising edge of each clock cycle. This internal switch remains on for an additional 70 ns after OUTA or OUTB goes high to blank leading edge transient noise in the current sensing loop. This reduces the filtering requirements at the ILIM pin and improves the current sense response time. UCC28250 makes it possible to maintain flux balance during cycle-by-cycle current limit operation. The duty cycles of primary switches are always matched. If one switch duty cycle is terminated earlier because of current limiting, a matched duty cycle is applied to the other switch for the next half switching cycle, regardless of the current condition, as shown in Figure 44. This matched duty cycle helps to maintain volt-second balancing on the transformer and prevents the transformer saturation. CLK 70ns 0.5V ILIM OUTA OUTB Figure 44. Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit Duty Cycle Matching Once the current limit is triggered, the 75-µA internal current source begins to charge the capacitor on HICC pin. If the current limit condition went away before HICC pin reaches 0.6 V, the device stops charge HICC capacitor and begins to discharge it with 2.7-µA current source. If the cycle-by-cycle current limit condition continues, HICC pin reachs 0.6 V, and all four outputs are shut down. The UCC28250 then enters hiccup mode. During hiccup mode, all four outputs keep low; SS pin is pulled to ground internally; a 2.7-µA current source continuously discharge HICC pin capacitor; until HICC pin voltage reaches 0.3 V. After that, HICC pin is discharged internally to get ready for the next HICC event. The whole converter starts with soft start after hiccup mode. 36 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 The cycle-by-cycle current limit operation time before all four outputs shut down is programmed by external capacitor CHICC at HICC pin. The delay time can be calculated as: TOC(delay ) = CHICC ´ 0.6 V 75 mA (27) The hiccup timer keeps all outputs being zero until the timer expires. The hiccup time THICC is calculated as: THICC = CHICC ´ 2.4 V - 0.3 V 2.7 mA (28) As soon as the outputs are shut-down, SS pin is pulled down internally until the hiccup restart timer is reset after time duration THICC. The detailed illustration of HICCUP mode is shown in Figure 45. TOCdealy THICC HICC 2.4V 0.6V 0.3V t SS 4V t OUTA OUTB Normal OC Normal OC Hiccup Soft Start Figure 45. Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit Delay Timer and Hiccup Restart Timer Thermal Protection Internal thermal shutdown circuitry protects the UCC28250 in the event the maximum rated junction temperature is exceeded. When activated, typically at 160°C, with the maximum threshold at 170°C and minimum threshold at 150°C the controller is forced into a low power standby mode. The outputs (OUTA, OUTB, SRA, SRB) are disabled. This helps to prevent accidental device overheating. A 20°C hysteresis is added to prevent comparator oscillation. During thermal shutdown, the UCC28250 follows a normal start up sequence after the junction temperature falls below 140°C (typical value, with 130°C minimum threshold and 150°C maximum threshold). Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 37 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com Design Example The example provided here is to show how to design a symmetrical half bridge converter of voltage mode control with UCC28250 on primary side. + Figure 46 is the circuit diagram to be used in this design example. This design example is to show how to determine the values in the circuit associated to UCC28250 programming. Figure 46. Circuit Diagram in Design Example. Table 1 shows the specifications for the design example. 38 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 Design Steps Step 1, Power Stage Design The power stage design in this example is standard and the same as that for symmetrical half bridge converter of voltage mode control. From the standard design, these components are determined. This includes Q1 through Q4, C1, C2, CT1, D1 and D2, D3, T1, T2 and T3, and U6. Their design is standard. Also, design associated to current sensing and protection is also standard. This includes CT1, D1, D2, R5 and C5. Step 2, Feedback Loop Design D3 (TLV431) with U6, R6, R9, R10, R12, R13, C11 and C12 are composed of standard type 3 feedback loop compensation network and output voltage set point. Their design is also standard. Table 1. Specifications for the Design Example PARAMETER VIN Input voltage VOUT Output voltage POUT Outpu power IOUT Output load current COUT Load capacitance fSW Switching frequency PLIMIT Over-power limit h Efficiancy at full load MIN TYP 36 MAX 48 UNITS 72 3.3 VDC 75 W 23 A 5000 µF 150 kHz 150% 90% Isolation 1500 V Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 39 UCC28250 SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com Step 3, Programming the Device Step 3-1 Equation 3 is used to determine RT based on switching frequency, 300 kHz and assumes the dead time of 150 ns. 1 1 - Td(SP ) - 150ns 2 ´ fSW 2 ´ 150kHz RT = = = 94.9kW Þ R4 = 100kW 33.2pF 33.2pF (29) Step 3-2, Determine RAMP Resistance and Capacitance There are two-fold considerations to determine RAMP resistance and capacitance. Equation 23 provides RAMP consideration for SR initial start up with prebias. The corresponding RAMP peak voltage is determined with input voltage low line and maximum prebias output voltage. In the below T1 turns ratio n = 4. VRAMP VIN 36 V - Vpre -bias - 3.0 V = 2´n ´ VSR _ RAMP = 2 ´ 4 ´ 3.0 V = 0.750 V 2 ´ Vpre -bias 2 ´ 3.0 V (30) Equation 24 and Equation 25 provides RAMP consideration for soft start completion to make duty cycle match (1-D) = SR_D. 1. Calculate OUTA or OUTB duty cycle at 75-V input voltage, 3.3-V output. D= n ´ VO 1 4 ´ 3.3 V 1 ´ = ´ = 0.176 VIN 2 75 V / 2 2 2 (31) 2. Calculate SRA or SRB duty cycle. SR _ D = 1 - D = 1 - 0.176 = 0.82 (32) 3. Calculate the COMP voltage value in steady state (Equation 24). VCOMP = (SR _ D - 0.5) ´ 3.0 V ´ 2 = (0.824 - 0.5) ´ 3.0 V ´ 2 = 1.944 V (33) 4. Calculate the RAMP peak value (Equation 25). VRAMP = VCOMP 1.944 V = = 5.523 V (D ´ 2) (0.176 ´ 2) (34) 5. Arbitrary select CRAMP 470 pF, then C3 = 470 pF. 6. Calculate RRAMP. RRAMP _ 1 = 1 æ ö VCHARGE 2 ´ ln ç ÷ ´ CRAMP ´ fsw è VCHARGE - VRAMP ø = 1 = 336.9kW 36 V 2 ´ ln( ) ´ 470pF ´ 150kHz 36 V - 0.750 V (35) RRAMP _ 2 = 1 æ ö VCHARGE 2 ´ ln ç ÷ ´ CRAMP ´ fsw è VCHARGE - VRAMP ø 1 = 2 ´ ln( 75 V ) ´ 470pF ´ 150kHz 75 V - 5.523 V = 92.7kW (36) As different RAMP resistor values are obtained, at this stage, we may take their average value for initial design. 40 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 UCC28250 www.ti.com SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 Step 3-3, Determine Soft-Start Capacitance Determine soft-start capacitance with soft-start time 15 ms. CSS = 27 mA ´ TSS 27 mA ´ 15ms = = 0.101mF Þ C8 = 0.1mF VCOMP( final) 4.0 V (37) Step 3-4, Determine Dead-Time Resistance Assuming the dead time is 150 ns, Select R7 = R8 = 121 kΩ based on Figure 9 and Figure 10. Step 3-5, Determine OCP Hiccup Off-Time Capacitance Assuming off time is 0.8 s (Equation 15). CHICC = THICC ´ 2.7 mA 2.7 mA = 0.8 s ´ = 1.03 mF Þ C7 = 1.0 mF 2.4 V - 0.3 V 2.4 V - 0.3 V (38) Step 3-6, Determine Primary-Side OVP Resistance Assuming OV_OFF = 73 V, OV_ON = 72 V (Equation 16 to Equation 18). R2 £ 0.7 V ´ (Vr - Vf ) 11mA ´ (Vr - 0.7 V ) = 0.7 V ´ (73 V - 72 V ) 11mA ´ (73 V - 0.7 V ) = 880 W Þ R2 = 866 W (39) V - 0.7 V 73 V - 0.7 V R1 = R ´ R2 = ´ 866 W = 89.4kW Þ R1 = 88.7kW 0.7 V 0.7 V 0.7 V ´ (VR - VF ) - 11mA ´ R2 ´ (VR - 0.7 V ) R3 = = 11mA ´ Vr = 0.7 V ´ (73 V - 72 V ) - 11mA ´ 866 W ´ (73 V - 0.7 V ) 11mA ´ 73 V (40) = 14 W Þ R14 = 14 W (41) Step 3-7, Select Capacitance for VDD and VREF As recommended by the datasheet, select C6 = C4 = 1.0 µF. The final design is shown in Figure 47. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 41 UCC28250 www.ti.com + + SLUSA29A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010 Figure 47. Schematics of Primary-Side Control Design Example 42 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28250 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 27-Aug-2010 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/ Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) Samples (Requires Login) UCC28250PW ACTIVE TSSOP PW 20 70 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM Request Free Samples UCC28250PWR ACTIVE TSSOP PW 20 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM Purchase Samples UCC28250RGPR ACTIVE QFN RGP 20 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Purchase Samples UCC28250RGPT ACTIVE QFN RGP 20 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Request Free Samples (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. 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