TPS62650 TPS62651 CSP-9 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 800-mA, 6-MHz HIGH-EFFICIENCY STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH I2CTM COMPATIBLE INTERFACE IN CHIP SCALE PACKAGING FEATURES 1 • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 • • • • 86% Efficiency at 6 MHz Operation 38µA Quiescent Current Wide VIN Range From 2.3 V to 5.5 V 6MHz Regulated Frequency Operation Best-In-Class Load and Line Transient ±2% PWM DC Voltage Accuracy Automatic PFM/PWM Mode Switching Low Ripple Light-Load PFM I2C Compatible Interface up to 3.4 Mbps Pin-Selectable Output Voltage (VSEL) Internal Soft-Start, <150-µs Start-Up Time Current Overload and Thermal Shutdown Protection Three Surface-Mount External Components Required (One MLCC Inductor, Two Ceramic Capacitors) Complete Sub 1-mm Component Profile Solution Total Solution Size <13mm2 Available in a 9-Pin NanoFree™ (CSP) Packaging APPLICATIONS • • • • SmartReflex™ Compliant Power Supply OMAP™ Application Processor Core Supply Cell Phones, Smart-Phones Micro DC-DC Converter Modules DESCRIPTION The TPS6265x device is a high-frequency synchronous step-down dc-dc converter optimized for battery-powered portable applications. Intended for low-power applications, the TPS6265x supports up to 800mA load current and allows the use of small, low cost inductors and capacitors. The device is ideal for mobile phones and similar portable applications powered by a single-cell Li-Ion battery. With an output voltage range adjustable via I2C interface down to 0.75V, the device supports low-voltage DSPs and processors core power supplies in smart-phones and handheld computers. The TPS6265x operates at a regulated 6MHz switching frequency and enters the efficiency optimized power-save mode operation at light load currents to maintain high efficiency over the entire load current range. In the shutdown mode, the current consumption is reduced to less than 3.5µA. The serial interface is compatible with Standard, Fast/Fast Plus and High-Speed mode I2C specification allowing transfers at up to 3.4 Mbps. This communication interface is used for dynamic voltage scaling with voltage steps down to 12.5mV, for setting the output voltage or reprogramming the mode of operation (PFM/PWM or Forced PWM) for instance. The TPS6265x is available in an 9-pin chip-scale package (CSP). 100 VIN VI C1 2.3 V .. 5.5 V FB SW 4.7mF GND VO L1 0.47 mH EN VO = Roof VO = Floor I2C Bus up to 3.4 Mbips VSEL SDA SCL Figure 1. Typical Application C2 4.7mF Efficiency − % TPS62650 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 VO = 1.2V VI = 2.7V PFM/PWM Operation VI = 3.6V PFM/PWM Operation VI = 4.2V PFM/PWM Operation 0.1 VI = 3.6V Forced PWM Operation 1 10 100 IO − Load Current − mA 1000 Figure 2. Efficiency vs Load Control 1 2 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. NanoFree, SmartReflex, OMAP are trademarks of Texas Instruments. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS62650 TPS62651 SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009................................................................................................................................................................................................. www.ti.com These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. ORDERING INFORMATION DEFAULT OUTPUT VOLTAGE (2) I2C ADDRESS BITS (2) PART NUMBER (1) OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE (2) VSEL0 VSEL1 A2 A1 TPS62650 (4) 0.75 V to 1.4375 V 1.05 V 1.2 V 0 0.75 V to 1.4375 V 0.95 V 1.1 V 1 TPS62651 (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) PACKAGE (3) ORDERING PACKAGE MARKING 1 YFF-9 TPS62650YFF GJ 1 YFF-9 TPS62651YFF GK All devices are specified for operation in the commercial temperature range, –40°C to 85°C. For customized output voltage limits (within a 0.75 V to 1.5375 V range), default output voltage and I2C address, contact the factory. Internal tap points are available to facilitate default output voltage settings in multiples of 50 mV. For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI website at www.ti.com. The following registers bits are set by internal hardware logic and not user programmable through I2C: a. VSEL0[7] = 1 b. VSEL1[7] = 1 c. CONTROL1[3:2] = 00 Product preview. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) MIN at VIN, SW (2) Input Voltage at FB (2) at EN, VSEL, SCL, SDA (2) Power dissipation MAX –0.3 V to 7V –0.3 V to 3.6 V –0.3 V to VI + 0.3 V Internally limited Operating junction temperature, TA (3) –40°C to Maximum operating junction Temperature, TJ 150°C Storage temperature range, Tstg ESD rating (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) 85°C –65°C to 150°C Human body model 2 kV Charge device model 1 kV Machine model 200 V Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltage values are with respect to network ground terminal. In applications where high power dissipation and/or poor package thermal resistance is present, the maximum ambient temperature may have to be derated. Maximum ambient temperature (TA(max)) is dependent on the maximum operating junction temperature (TJ(max)), the maximum power dissipation of the device in the application (PD(max)), and the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the part/package in the application (θJA), as given by the following equation: TA(max)= TJ(max)–(θJA X PD(max)). To achieve optimum performance, it is recommended to operate the device with a maximum junction temperature of 105°C. The human body model is a 100-pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5-kΩ resistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200-pF capacitor discharged directly into each pin. DISSIPATION RATINGS (1) (1) (2) 2 PACKAGE RθJA (2) RθJB (2) POWER RATING TA ≤ 25°C DERATING FACTOR ABOVE TA = 25°C YFF 105°C/W 35°C/W 950 mW 8 mW/°C Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = [TJ(max) – TA] / θJA. This thermal data is measured with high-K board (4 layers board according to JESD51-7 JEDEC standard). Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 TPS62650 TPS62651 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Minimum and maximum values are at VI = 2.3V to 5.5V, VO = 1.2 V, EN = 1.8V, EN_DCDC bit = 1, AUTO mode and TA = -40°C to 85°C; Circuit of Parameter Measurement Information section (unless otherwise noted). Typical values are at VI = 3.6V, VO = 1.2 V, EN = 1.8V, EN_DCDC bit = 1, AUTO mode and TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted). PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT SUPPLY CURRENT VI IQ Input voltage range 2.3 Operating quiescent current I(SD) Shutdown current UVLO Undervoltage lockout threshold VI = 3.6 V, IO = 0 mA, -40°C ≤ TJ≤ 85°C. Device not switching 38 VI = 3.6 V, IO = 0 mA. PWM mode 5.5 V 58 µA 5.35 mA VI = 3.6 V, EN = GND, EN_DCDC bit = X, -40°C ≤ TJ≤ 85°C 0.5 3.5 µA VI = 3.6 V, EN = VI, EN_DCDC bit = 0, -40°C ≤ TJ≤ 85°C 0.5 3.5 µA 2.05 2.15 V ENABLE, VSEL, SDA, SCL VIH High-level input voltage VIL Low-level input voltage Ilkg Input leakage current 0.9 V Input tied to GND or VI, -40°C ≤ TJ≤ 85°C 0.01 VI = V(GS) = 3.6 V 255 VI = V(GS) = 2.5 V 335 0.4 V 0.7 µA POWER SWITCH rDS(on) P-channel MOSFET on resistance Ilkg P-channel leakage current, PMOS rDS(on) N-channel MOSFET on resistance Ilkg N-channel leakage current, NMOS rDIS Discharge resistor for power-down sequence V(DS) = 5.5 V, -40°C ≤ TJ≤ 85°C 1 VI = V(GS) = 3.6 V 140 VI = V(GS) = 2.5 V 200 2.3 V ≤ VI ≤ 4.8 V. Open loop Input current limit under short-circuit conditions VO = 0 V 1350 Thermal shutdown Thermal shutdown hysteresis µA mΩ 1 µA 15 50 Ω 1500 1700 V(DS) = 5.5 V, -40°C ≤ TJ≤ 85°C P-MOS current limit mΩ mA 11 mA 140 °C 15 °C OSCILLATOR fSW Oscillator frequency IO = 0 mA. PWM mode 5.4 6 6.6 MHz OUTPUT Regulated DC output voltage accuracy VO 2.3 V ≤ VI ≤ 5.5 V, 0 mA ≤ IO(DC) ≤ 800 mA VO = 0.75 V, 1.05 V, 1.20 V, 1.4375 V (TPS62650) VO = 0.75 V, 0.95 V, 1.10 V, 1.4375 V (TPS62651) PWM operation –2% 2% 2.3 V ≤ VI ≤ 5.5 V, 0 mA ≤ IO(DC) ≤ 800 mA VO = 0.75 V, 1.05 V, 1.20 V, 1.4375 V (TPS62650) TPS62650/1 VO = 0.75 V, 0.95 V, 1.10 V, 1.4375 V (TPS62651) PFM/PWM Operation –2% 3% -0.5% +0.5% Regulated DC output voltage temperature drift VI = 3.6 V, VO = 1.20 V, IO(DC) = 50 mA -40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 105°C. PWM operation Line regulation VI = VO + 0.5 V (min 2.3 V) to 5.5 V, IO(DC) = 200 mA Load regulation IO(DC) = 0 mA to 800 mA 0.13 Feedback input resistance ΔVO Power-save mode ripple voltage %/V –0.00046 %/mA 480 kΩ VO = 1.05 V, VSEL = GND, IO(DC) = 1 mA PFM operation 16 mVPP VO = 1.20 V, VSEL = VI, IO(DC) = 1 mA PFM operation 16 mVPP DAC Resolution TPS62650 TPS62651 Differential nonlinearity 6 Specified monotonic by design Bits ±0.4 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 LSB 3 TPS62650 TPS62651 SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009................................................................................................................................................................................................. www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Minimum and maximum values are at VI = 2.3V to 5.5V, VO = 1.2 V, EN = 1.8V, EN_DCDC bit = 1, AUTO mode and TA = -40°C to 85°C; Circuit of Parameter Measurement Information section (unless otherwise noted). Typical values are at VI = 3.6V, VO = 1.2 V, EN = 1.8V, EN_DCDC bit = 1, AUTO mode and TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted). PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT TIMING VO Setup Time Between Rising EN and Start of I2C Stream TPS62650/1 Output voltage settling time TPS62650/1 Start-up time TPS62650/1 µs 50 From min to max output voltage, IO(DC) = 500 mA, VSEL = VI, PWM operation µs 12 Time from active EN to VO VO = 1.2 V, IO = 0 mA, PWM operation 125 Time from active EN to VO VO = 1.05 V, IO = 0 mA, PFM operation 120 µs I2C INTERFACE TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (1) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MAX UNIT Standard mode MIN 100 kHz Fast mode 400 kHz 1 MHz High-speed mode (write operation), CB – 100 pF max 3.4 MHz Fast mode plus f(SCL) SCL Clock Frequency Bus Free Time Between a STOP and START Condition tBUF tHD, tSTA tLOW Hold Time (Repeated) START Condition LOW Period of the SCL Clock High-speed mode (read operation), CB – 100 pF max 3.4 MHz High-speed mode (write operation), CB – 400 pF max 1.7 MHz High-speed mode (read operation), CB – 400 pF max 1.7 MHz Standard mode 4.7 µs Fast mode 1.3 µs Fast mode plus 0.5 µs Standard mode 4 µs Fast mode 600 ns Fast mode plus 260 ns High-speed mode 160 ns Standard mode 4.7 µs Fast mode 1.3 µs Fast mode plus 0.5 µs High-speed mode, CB – 100 pF max 160 ns High-speed mode, CB – 400 pF max 320 ns 4 µs Fast mode 600 ns Standard mode tHIGH tSU, tSTA HIGH Period of the SCL Clock Setup Time for a Repeated START Condition tSU, tDAT Data Setup Time (1) 4 Fast mode plus 260 ns High-speed mode, CB – 100 pF max 60 ns High-speed mode, CB – 400 pF max 120 ns Standard mode 4.7 µs Fast mode 600 ns Fast mode plus 260 ns High-speed mode 160 ns Standard mode 250 ns Fast mode 100 ns Fast mode plus 50 ns High-speed mode 10 ns Specified by design. Not tested in production. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 TPS62650 TPS62651 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 I2C INTERFACE TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (continued) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS tHD, tDAT Data Hold Time tRCL Rise Time of SCL Signal MIN MAX UNIT Standard mode 0 3.45 µs Fast mode 0 0.9 µs Fast mode plus 0 High-speed mode, CB – 100 pF max 0 70 ns High-speed mode, CB – 400 pF max 0 150 ns Standard mode 20 + 0.1 CB 1000 ns Fast mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns 120 ns 40 ns Fast mode plus High-speed mode, CB – 100 pF max High-speed mode, CB – 400 pF max tRCL1 tFCL Rise Time of SCL Signal After a Repeated START Condition and After an Acknowledge BIT Fall Time of SCL Signal 20 80 ns Standard mode 20 + 0.1 CB 1000 ns Fast mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns 120 ns Fast mode plus High-speed mode, CB – 100 pF max 10 80 ns High-speed mode, CB – 400 pF max 20 160 ns Standard mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns Fast mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns 120 ns 40 ns Fast mode plus High-speed mode, CB – 100 pF max High-speed mode, CB – 400 pF max tRDA tFDA Rise Time of SDA Signal Fall Time of SDA Signal tSU, tSTO Setup Time of STOP Condition CB Capacitive Load for SDA and SCL 10 µs 10 20 80 ns Standard mode 20 + 0.1 CB 1000 ns Fast mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns 120 ns Fast mode plus High-speed mode, CB – 100 pF max 10 80 ns High-speed mode, CB – 400 pF max 20 160 ns Standard mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns Fast mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns 120 ns ns Fast mode plus High-speed mode, CB – 100 pF max 10 80 High-speed mode, CB – 400 pF max 20 160 Standard mode 4 µs ns Fast mode 600 ns Fast mode plus 260 ns High-Speed mode 160 ns Standard mode 400 pF Fast mode 400 pF Fast mode plus 550 pF High-Speed mode 400 pF Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 5 TPS62650 TPS62651 SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009................................................................................................................................................................................................. www.ti.com I2C TIMING DIAGRAMS SDA tf tLOW tsu;DAT tr tf tBUF tr thd;STA SCL thd;STA thd;DAT S tsu;STA tsu;STO HIGH Sr P S Figure 3. Serial Interface Timing Diagram for Standard-, Fast-, Fast-Mode Plus Sr Sr P tfDA trDA SDAH tsu;STA thd;DAT thd;STA tsu;STO tsu;DAT SCLH tfCL trCL1 trCL1 trCL See Note A tHIGH tLOW tLOW tHIGH See Note A = MCS Current Source Pull-Up = R(P) Resistor Pull-Up Note A: First rising edge of the SCLH signal after Sr and after each acknowledge bit. Figure 4. Serial Interface Timing Diagram for HS-Mode 6 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 TPS62650 TPS62651 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 PIN ASSIGNMENTS TPS6265x CSP−9 (TOP VIEW) TPS6265x CSP−9 (BOTTOM VIEW) A1 A2 A3 A3 A2 A1 B1 B2 B3 B3 B2 B1 C1 C2 C3 C3 C2 C1 TERMINAL FUNCTIONS TERMINAL I/O DESCRIPTION NAME NO. VIN A2 I This is the input voltage pin of the device. Connect directly to the input bypass capacitor. EN B3 I This is the enable pin of the device. Connect this pin to ground forces the device into shutdown mode. Pulling this pin to VI enables the device. On the rising edge of the enable pin, all the registers are reset with their default values. This pin must not be left floating and must be terminated. VSEL A1 I VSEL signal is primarily used to scale the output voltage and to set the TPS6265x operation between active mode (VSEL=HIGH) and sleep mode (VSEL=LOW). The mode of operation can also be adapted by I2C settings. This pin must not be left floating and must be terminated. SDA A3 I/O SCL B2 I Serial interface clock line. C1 I Output feedback sense input. Connect FB to the converter output. FB GND Serial interface address/data line. C2, C3 SW Ground. B1 This is the switch pin of the converter and connected to the drain of the internal power MOSFETs. I/O FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM EN VIN Undervoltage Lockout Bias Supply Bandgap Soft-Start V REF = 0.75 V VIN Negative Inductor Current Detect Power Save Mode Switching Logic Thermal Shutdown Current Limit Detect Frequency Control FB Gate Driver Anti Shoot-Through SW + SDA SCL I2C I/F Control Logic Registers 6-Bit DAC VDAC GND VSEL Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 7 TPS62650 TPS62651 SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009................................................................................................................................................................................................. www.ti.com PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION TPS62650 VI VIN FB C1 VO SW L1 GND GND C2 EN VO = Roof VO = Floor I2C Bus up to 3.4 Mbps VSEL L = muRata LQM21PN1R0NGR C1 = muRata GRM155R60J475M (4.7mF, 6.3V, 0402, X5R) C2 = muRata GRM155R60J475M (4.7mF, 6.3V, 0402, X5R) SDA SCL Note: The internal registers are set to their default values TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Table of Graphs FIGURE η Efficiency Peak-to-peak output ripple voltage VO DC output voltage Measured output voltage vs Output current vs Input voltage 5, 6, 7, 8 9 vs Output Current 10, 11, 12, 13 vs Output current 14, 15, 16, 17 vs Ambient temperature vs DAC target output voltage PFM/PWM Boundaries 18, 19 20 21 IQ Quiescent current vs Input voltage 22 ISD Shutdown current vs Input voltage 23 fS Switching frequency vs Input voltage 24 P-channel MOSFET rDS(on) vs Input voltage 25 N-channel MOSFET rDS(on) vs Input voltage rDS(on) Load transient response Line transient PWM operation 39 Combined line and load transient response 40 PWM operation 41 Power-save mode operation 42 Dynamic voltage management 43, 44 Output voltage ramp control 45 Start-up 8 26 27 - 38 46, 47 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 TPS62650 TPS62651 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 VI = 3.6 V PFM/PWM 60 Efficiency - % Efficiency - % 70 50 40 VI = 4.2 V PFM/PWM VI = 3.6 V Forced PWM 20 1 10 100 IO - Output Current - mA 1 10 100 IO - Output Current - mA Figure 5. Figure 6. EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT 1000 100 VO = 0.75 V VO = 1.4375 V 90 80 VI = 2.7 V PFM/PWM VI = 3.6 V PFM/PWM 60 50 VI = 4.2 V PFM/PWM 50 40 30 20 20 10 10 10 100 IO - Output Current - mA 1000 VI = 3.6 V PFM/PWM 60 30 1 VI = 2.7 V PFM/PWM 70 Efficiency - % 70 Efficiency - % 40 0 0.1 1000 80 0 0.1 VI = 4.2 V PFM/PWM 50 10 100 40 60 20 10 90 VI = 3.6 V PFM/PWM 30 30 0 0.1 VI = 2.7 V PFM/PWM VO = 1.05 V VO = 1.20 V VI = 2.7 V PFM/PWM 0 0.1 Figure 7. VI = 4.2 V PFM/PWM 1 10 100 IO - Output Current - mA 1000 Figure 8. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 9 TPS62650 TPS62651 SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009................................................................................................................................................................................................. www.ti.com EFFICIENCY vs INPUT VOLTAGE PEAK-TO-PEAK OUTPUT RIPPLE VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 100 24 96 VO - Peak-to-Peak Output Ripple Voltage - mV VO = 1.2 V PFM/PWM 98 94 92 IO = 100 mA Efficiency - % 90 88 IO = 300 mA 86 IO = 10 mA 84 82 80 78 IO = 1 mA 76 74 72 70 2.3 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 VI - Input Voltage - V 5.1 VI = 4.8 V 18 16 VI = 3.6 V 14 VI = 2.5 V 12 10 8 6 4 2 5.5 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 IO - Load Current - mA Figure 10. PEAK-TO-PEAK OUTPUT RIPPLE VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT PEAK-TO-PEAK OUTPUT RIPPLE VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 800 24 22 VO - Peak-to-Peak Output Ripple Voltage - mV VO = 1.05 V 20 VI = 4.8 V 18 16 VI = 3.6 V 14 VI = 2.5 V 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 IO - Load Current - mA 700 800 VO = 0.75 V 22 20 VI = 4.8 V 18 16 VI = 3.6 V 14 VI = 2.5 V 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 IO - Load Current - mA Figure 11. 10 700 Figure 9. 24 VO - Peak-to-Peak Output Ripple Voltage - mV 20 0 2.7 VO = 1.2 V 22 700 800 Figure 12. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 TPS62650 TPS62651 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 PEAK-TO-PEAK OUTPUT RIPPLE VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT DC OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 1.224 VO = 1.2 V VO = 1.4375 V 22 20 VI = 4.8 V 18 16 1.212 VO - Output Voltage - V VO - Peak-to-Peak Output Ripple Voltage - mV 24 VI = 3.6 V 14 VI = 2.5 V 12 10 8 VI = 4.8 V PFM/PWM VI = 3.6 V PWM Operation 1.2 VI = 2.5 V PFM/PWM VI = 3.6 V PFM/PWM 1.188 6 4 2 1.176 0.1 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 IO - Load Current - mA 700 800 1 10 100 IO - Output Current - mA Figure 13. Figure 14. DC OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT DC OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 0.765 1.071 VO = 0.75 V VO = 1.05 V VI = 4.8 V PFM/PWM VI = 4.8 V PFM/PWM 0.758 VI = 3.6 V PFM/PWM VO - Output Voltage - V VO - Output Voltage - V 1.061 1.05 VI = 2.5 V PFM/PWM 1.04 1.029 0.1 1000 1 10 100 IO - Output Current - mA 1000 0.75 VI = 3.6 V PFM/PWM VI = 2.5 V PFM/PWM 0.743 0.735 0.1 Figure 15. 1 10 100 IO - Output Current - mA 1000 Figure 16. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 11 TPS62650 TPS62651 SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009................................................................................................................................................................................................. www.ti.com DC OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT DC OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 1.466 1.212 VO = 1.4375 V VO = 1.2 V, IO = 250 mA, PWM Operation 1.209 VI = 4.8 V PFM/PWM 1.206 VI = 3.6 V PWM Operation VO - Output Voltage - V VO - Output Voltage - V 1.452 1.438 VI = 2.5 V PFM/PWM VI = 3.6 V PFM/PWM 1.423 VI = 4.2 V VI = 3.6 V 1.203 1.2 VI = 2.7 V 1.197 1.194 1.191 1.409 0.1 1 10 100 IO - Output Current - mA 1000 1.188 -40 Figure 18. DC OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs AMBIENT TEMPERATURE MEASURED OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs DAC TARGET OUTPUT VOLTAGE VO = 1.05 V, IO = 250 mA, PWM Operation 3 Measured Output Voltage DAC Target Output Voltage - mV VI = 4.2 V VI = 3.6 V 1.055 VO - Output Voltage - V 100 4 1.058 VI = 2.7 V 1.053 1.05 1.047 1.045 VI = 3.6 V, IO = 100 mA, PWM Operation 2 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TA - Ambient Temperature - °C 100 TA = 85°C TA = 25°C 1 0 -1 -2 1.042 -3 0.75 TA = -40°C 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.35 VO - DAC Target Output Voltage - V Figure 19. 12 0 20 40 60 80 TA - Ambient Temperature - °C Figure 17. 1.061 1.04 -40 -20 1.45 Figure 20. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 TPS62650 TPS62651 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 QUIESCENT CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE 55 50 TA = 85oC 45 IQ − Quiescent Current − mA IO − Load Current − mA PFM/PWM BOUNDARIES 220 210 V = 1.2 V O 200 Always PWM 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 PFM to PWM 120 Mode Change 110 100 90 80 The switching mode 70 changes at these borders 60 50 PWM to PFM 40 Mode Change 30 20 Always PFM 10 0 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 o TA = 25 C 40 35 30 25 TA = -40oC 20 15 10 5 0 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 VI − Input Voltage − V VI − Input Voltage − V Figure 21. Figure 22. SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs INPUT VOLTAGE 2500 7 o IO = 50 mA 6.5 2000 fs - Switching Frequency - MHz I(SD) − Shutdown Current − nA 2250 TA = 85 C 1750 1500 1250 1000 o TA = 25 C 750 500 250 6 IO = 150 mA 5.5 IO = 300 mA 5 IO = 400 mA IO = 500 mA IO = 600 mA IO = 700 mA 4.5 IO = 800 mA 4 3.5 o TA = -40 C 0 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 3 2.3 2.7 VI − Input Voltage − V Figure 23. 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 VI - Input Voltage - V 5.1 5.5 Figure 24. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 13 TPS62650 TPS62651 SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009................................................................................................................................................................................................. www.ti.com rDS(on) P-MOSFET vs INPUT VOLTAGE rDS(on) N-MOSFET vs INPUT VOLTAGE 425 400 TA = 85°C 375 350 TA = 25°C 325 300 275 250 225 200 175 TA = -40°C 150 125 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.5 VI - Input Voltage - V 4.9 300 PWM Mode Operation 275 250 TA = 85°C 225 200 TA = 25°C 175 150 125 100 5.3 TA = -40°C 75 50 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.5 VI - Input Voltage - V 4.9 Figure 26. LOAD TRANSIENT: 50 mA / 400 mA / 50 mA PWM OPERATION LOAD TRANSIENT: 50 mA / 400 mA PWM OPERATION IO 200 mA/div Figure 25. 5.3 VI = 3.6 V VO = 1.35 V VO 20 mV/div - 1.20-V Offset VO 20 mV/div - 1.20-V Offset 14 rDS(on) - Static Drain-Source On-Resistance - mW PWM Mode Operation IO 200 mA/div rDS(on) - Static Drain-Source On-Resistance - mW 450 VI = 3.6 V VO = 1.20 V t − Time = 5 ms/div t − Time = 1 ms/div Figure 27. Figure 28. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 TPS62650 TPS62651 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 VI = 3.6 V VO = 1.20 V t − Time = 1 ms/div t − Time = 10 ms/div Figure 29. Figure 30. LOAD TRANSIENT: 50 mA / 400 mA PFM/PWM OPERATION LOAD TRANSIENT: 400 mA / 50 mA PFM/PWM OPERATION VI = 3.6 V VO = 1.20 V VO 20 mV/div - 1.20-V Offset IO 200 mA/div VI = 3.6 V VO = 1.20 V VO 20 mV/div - 1.20-V Offset IO 200 mA/div VO 20 mV/div - 1.20-V Offset VO 20 mV/div - 1.20-V Offset IO 200 mA/div VI = 3.6 V VO = 1.20 V LOAD TRANSIENT: 50 mA / 400 mA / 50 mA PFM/PWM OPERATION IO 200 mA/div LOAD TRANSIENT: 400 mA / 50 mA PWM OPERATION t − Time = 1 ms/div Figure 31. t − Time = 1 ms/div Figure 32. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 15 TPS62650 TPS62651 SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009................................................................................................................................................................................................. www.ti.com IO 200 mA/div - 400 mA Offset VO 20 mV/div - 1.20-V Offset VI = 3.6 V VO = 1.20 V VI = 3.6 V VO = 1.20 V t − Time = 5 ms/div t − Time = 1 ms/div Figure 33. Figure 34. LOAD TRANSIENT: 750 mA / 400 mA PWM OPERATION LOAD TRANSIENT: 5 mA / 100 mA / 5 mA PFM/PWM OPERATION VI = 3.6 V VI = 3.6 V VO = 1.20 V IO 50 mA/div VO = 1.05 V VO IO 200 mA/div - 400 mA Offset VO LOAD TRANSIENT: 400 mA / 750 mA PWM OPERATION 10 mV/div - 1.05-V Offset IO 16 20 mV/div - 1.20-V Offset VO 20 mV/div - 1.20-V Offset 200 mA/div - 400 mA Offset LOAD TRANSIENT: 400 mA / 750 mA / 400 mA PWM OPERATION t − Time = 1 ms/div t − Time = 250 ms/div Figure 35. Figure 36. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 TPS62650 TPS62651 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 LOAD TRANSIENT: 100 mA / 5 mA PFM/PWM OPERATION VI = 3.6 V VO = 1.05 V IO IL 200 mA/div VO 10 mV/div - 1.05-V Offset t − Time = 2.5 ms/div 100 mA/div VI = 3.6 V VO = 1.05 V t − Time = 2.5 ms/div Figure 37. Figure 38. LINE TRANSIENT PWM OPERATION COMBINED LINE/LOAD TRANSIENT (3.3 V TO 3.9 V, 400 mA TO 800 mA) PWM OPERATION VO = 1.20 V, IO = 50mA PWM Mode t − Time = 50 ms/div VI VO 20 mV/div - 1.20-V Offset 500 mV/div - 3.3-V Offset IO IL 200 mA/div VO VI VO 10 mV/div - 1.20-V Offset 500 mV/div - 3.3-V Offset 10 mV/div - 1.05-V Offset 100 mA/div LOAD TRANSIENT: 5 mA / 100 mA PFM/PWM OPERATION Figure 39. IO 500 mA/div VI 500 mV/div VO = 1.20 V PWM Mode t − Time = 25 ms/div Figure 40. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 17 TPS62650 TPS62651 SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009................................................................................................................................................................................................. www.ti.com IL 100 mA/div POWER SAVE MODE OPERATION VO VI = 3.6 V, VO = 1.20 V IO = 200 mA 10 mV/div - 1.20-V Offset IL SW 2 V/div VO 10 mV/div - 1.20-V Offset 100 mA/div PWM OPERATION IO = 30 mA t − Time = 40 ns/div Figure 41. t − Time = 500 ns/div Figure 42. DYNAMIC VOLTAGE MANAGEMENT VI = 3.6 V VO = 1.05 V (PFM) / 1.20 V (PWM) VSEL 2 V/div DYNAMIC VOLTAGE MANAGEMENT VSEL 2 V/div VI = 3.6 V VO = 1.20 V VO = 1.20 V VO IL PFM VI = 3.6 V VO = 1.05 V (PFM) / 1.20 V (PWM) RL = 5 W 50 mV/div - 1.05-V Offset VO = 1.05 V PWM PWM t − Time = 5 ms/div Figure 43. 18 VO = 1.05 V PFM 200 mA/div VO IL 200 mA/div 50 mV/div - 1.05-V Offset VO = 1.20 V RL = 270 W t − Time = 25 ms/div Figure 44. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 TPS62650 TPS62651 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 EN 2 V/div START UP VI = 3.6 V VO = 0.75 V / 1.4375 V (PWM) IO = 0 mA VO 500 mV/div IL VO VO = 1.4375 V 200 mV/div - 0.75-V Offset VI = 3.6 V VO = 1.05 V (PFM) 100 mA/div VSEL 2 V/div OUTPUT VOLTAGE RAMP CONTROL IO = 0 mA Slew Rate = 4.8 mV/ms VO = 0.75 V t − Time = 50 ms/div t − Time = 20 ms/div Figure 45. Figure 46. EN 2 V/div START UP VI = 3.6 V VO = 1.20 V (PWM) VO 500 mV/div IL 200 mA/div RL = 5 W t − Time = 20 ms/div Figure 47. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 19 TPS62650 TPS62651 SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009................................................................................................................................................................................................. www.ti.com DETAILED DESCRIPTION Operation The TPS6265x is a synchronous step-down converter typically operates at a regulated 6-MHz frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) at moderate to heavy load currents. At light load currents, the TPS6265x converter operates in power-save mode with pulse frequency modulation (PFM) and automatic transition into PWM operation when the load current increases. The TPS6265x integrates an I2C compatible interface allowing transfers up to 3.4 Mbps. This communication interface can be used for dynamic voltage scaling with voltage steps down to 12.5 mV, for reprogramming the mode of operation (PFM or forced PWM) or disable/enabling the output voltage for instance. For more details, see the I2C interface and register description section. The converter uses a unique frequency locked ring oscillating modulator to achieve best-in-class load and line response and allows the use of tiny inductors and small ceramic input and output capacitors. At the beginning of each switching cycle, the P-channel MOSFET switch is turned on and the inductor current ramps up rising the output voltage until the main comparator trips, then the control logic turns off the switch. One key advantage of the non-linear architecture is that there is no traditional feed-back loop. The loop response to change in VO is essentially instantaneous, which explains its extraordinary transient response. The absence of a traditional, high-gain compensated linear loop means that the TPS6265x is inherently stable over a range of small L and CO. Although this type of operation normally results in a switching frequency that varies with input voltage and load current, an internal frequency lock loop (FLL) holds the switching frequency constant over a large range of operating conditions. Combined with best in class load and line transient response characteristics, the low quiescent current of the device (ca. 38µA) allows to maintain high efficiency at light load, while preserving fast transient response for applications requiring tight output regulation. SWITCHING FREQUENCY The magnitude of the internal ramp, which is generated from the duty cycle, reduces for duty cycles either set of 50%. Thus, there is less overdrive on the main comparator inputs which tends to slow the conversion down. The intrinsic maximum operating frequency of the converter is about 10MHz to 12MHz, which is controlled to circa. 6MHz by a frequency locked loop. When high or low duty cycles are encountered, the loop runs out of range and the conversion frequency falls below 6MHz. The tendency is for the converter to operate more towards a "constant inductor peak current" rather than a "constant frequency". In addition to this behavior which is observed at high duty cycles, it is also noted at low duty cycles. When the converter is required to operate towards the 6MHz nominal at extreme duty cycles, the application can be assisted by decreasing the ratio of inductance (L) to the output capacitor's equivalent serial inductance (ESL). This increases the ESL step seen at the main comparator's feed-back input thus decreasing its propagation delay, hence increasing the switching frequency. POWER-SAVE MODE If the load current decreases, the converter will enter Power Save Mode operation automatically. During power-save mode the converter operates in discontinous current (DCM) single-pulse PFM mode, which produces low output ripple compared with other PFM architectures. When in power-save mode, the converter resumes its operation when the output voltage trips below the nominal voltage. It ramps up the output voltage with a minimum of one pulse and goes into power-save mode when the inductor current has returned to a zero steady state. The PFN on-time varies inversely proportional to the input voltage and proportional to the output voltage giving the regulated switching frequency when is steady-state. PFM mode is left and PWM operation is entered as the output current can no longer be supported in PFM mode. As a consequence, the DC output voltage is typically positioned ca 0.5% above the nominal output voltage and the transition between PFM and PWM is seamless. 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 TPS62650 TPS62651 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 PFM Mode at Light Load PFM Ripple Nominal DC Output Voltage PWM Mode at Heavy Load Figure 48. Operation in PFM Mode and Transfer to PWM Mode MODE SELECTION Depending on the settings of CONTROL1 register the device can be operated in either the regulated frequency PWM mode or in the automatic PWM and power-save mode. In this mode, the converter operates in a regulated frequency PWM mode at moderate to heavy loads and in the PFM mode during light loads, which maintains high efficiency over a wide load current range. For more details, see the CONTROL1 register description. The regulated frequency PWM mode has the tightest regulation and the best line/load transient performance. Furthermore, this mode of operation allows simple filtering of the switching frequency for noise-sensitive applications. In forced PWM mode, the efficiency is lower compared to the power-save mode during light loads. It is possible to switch from power-save mode (PFM) to forced PWM mode during operation either via the VSEL signal or by re-programming the CONTROL1 register. This allows adjustments to the converters operation to match the specific system requirements leading to more efficient and flexible power management. ENABLE The device starts operation when EN pin is set high and starts up with the soft start. This signal is gated by the EN_DCDC bit defined in register VSEL0 and VSEL1. On rising edge of the EN pin, all the registers are reset with their default values. Enabling the converter's operation via the EN_DCDC bit does not affect internal register settings. This allows the output voltage to be programmed to other values than the default voltage before starting up the converter. For more details, see the VSEL0/1 register description. Pulling the EN pin, VSEL0[6] bit or VSEL1[6] bit low forces the device into shutdown, with a shutdown current as defined in the electrical characteristics table. In this mode, the P and N-channel MOSFETs are turned off, the internal resistor feedback divider is disconnected, and the entire internal-control circuitry is switched off. For proper operation, the EN pin must be terminated and must not be left floating. In addition, depending on the setting of CONTROL2[6] bit, the device can actively discharge the output capacitor when it turns off. The integrated discharge resistor has a typical resistance of 15 Ω. The required time to discharge the output capacitor at VO depends on load current and the output capacitance value. SOFT START The TPS6265x has an internal soft-start circuit that limits the inrush current during start-up. This limits input voltage drops when a battery or a high-impedance power source is connected to the input of the converter. The soft-start system progressively increases the on-time from a minimum pulse-width of 35ns as a function of the output voltage. This mode of operation continues for c.a. 100µs after enable. Should the output voltage not have reached its target value by this time, such as in the case of heavy load, the soft-start transitions to a second mode of operation. The converter will then operate in a current limit mode, specifically the P-MOS current limit is set to half the nominal limit and the N-channel MOSET remains on until the inductor current has reset. After a further 100 µs, the device ramps up to full current limit operation providing that the output voltage has risen above 0.5V (approximately). Therefore, the start-up time depends on the output capacitor and load current. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 21 TPS62650 TPS62651 SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009................................................................................................................................................................................................. www.ti.com UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT The undervoltage lockout circuit prevents the device from misoperation at low input voltages. It prevents the converter from turning on the switch or rectifier MOSFET under undefined conditions. The TPS6265x device have a UVLO threshold set to 2.05V (typical). Fully functional operation is permitted down to 2.15 V input voltage. SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION The TPS6265x integrates a P-channel MOSFET current limit to protect the device against heavy load or short circuits. When the current in the P-channel MOSFET reaches its current limit, the P-channel MOSFET is turned off and the N-channel MOSFET is turned on. The regulator continues to limit the current on a cycle-by-cycle basis. As soon as the output voltage falls below ca. 0.4V, the converter current limit is reduced to half of the nominal value and the PWROK bit is reset. Because the short-circuit protection is enabled during start-up, the device does not deliver more than half of its nominal current limit until the output voltage exceeds approximately 0.5V. This needs to be considered when a load acting as a current sink is connected to the output of the converter. THERMAL SHUTDOWN As soon as the junction temperature, TJ, exceeds typically 140°C, the device goes into thermal shutdown. In this mode, the P- and N-channel MOSFETs are turned off. The device continues its operation when the junction temperature again falls below typically 130°C. VOLTAGE AND MODE SELECTION The TPS6265x features a pin-selectable output voltage. VSEL is primarily used to scale the output voltage between active (VSEL = HIGH) and sleep mode (VSEL = LOW). For maximum flexibility, it is possible to reprogram the operating mode of the converter (e.g. forced PWM, or auto transition PFM/PWM) associated with VSEL signal via the I2C interface VSEL output voltage and mode selection is defined as following: VSEL = LOW: –– DC/DC output voltage determined by VSEL0 register value. DC/DC mode of operation is determined by MODE0 bit in CONTROL1 register. VSEL = HIGH: –– DC/DC output voltage determined by VSEL1 register value. DC/DC mode of operation is determined by MODE1 bit in CONTROL1 register. The application processor programs via I2C the output voltages associated with the two states of VSEL signal: floor (VSEL0) and roof (VSEL1) values. The application processor also writes the DEFSLEW value in the CONTROL2 register to control the output voltage ramp rate. These two registers can be continuously updated via I2C to provide the appropriate output voltage according to the VSEL input. The voltage changes with the selected ramp rate immediately after writing to the VSEL0 or VSEL1 register. Table 1 shows the output voltage states depending on VSEL0, VSEL1 registers, and VSEL signal. Table 1. Dynamic Voltage Scaling Functional Overview 22 VSEL PIN VSEL0 REGISTER VSEL1 REGISTER Low No action No action OUTPUT VOLTAGE Floor Low Write new value No action Change to new value No change stays at floor voltage Low No action Write High No action No action Roof High Write new value No action No change stays at roof voltage High No action Write new value Change to new value Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 TPS62650 TPS62651 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 In PFM mode, when the output voltage is programmed to a lower value by toggling VSEL signal from high to low, PWROK is defined as low, while the output capacitor is discharged by the load until the converter starts pulsing to maintain the voltage within regulation. In multiple-step mode, PWROK is defined as low while the output voltage is ramping up or down. V (ROOF) Output Voltage Change Initiated Output Voltage Change Initiated V (FLOOR) V (ROOF) V (FLOOR) PWROK PWROK Figure 49. PWROK Functional Behavior VOLTAGE RAMP CONTROL The TPS6265x offers a voltage ramp rate control that can operate in two different modes: • Multiple-Step Mode • Single-Step Mode The mode is selected via DEFSLEW control bits in the CONTROL2 register. Single-Step Voltage Scaling Mode (default), DEFSLEW[2:0] = [111] In single-step mode, the TPS6265x ramps the output voltage with maximum slew-rate when transitioning between the floor and the roof voltages (switch to a higher voltage). When switching between the roof and the floor voltages (transition to a lower voltage), the ramp rate control is dependent on the mode selection (see CONTROL1 register) associated with the target register (Forced PWM or auto transition PFM/PWM). Table 2 shows the ramp rate control when transitioning to a lower voltage with DEFSLEW set to immediate transition. Table 2. Ramp Rate Control vs. Target Mode Mode Associated with Target Voltage Output Voltage Ramp Rate Forced PWM Immediate PFM/PWM DC/DC converter stops switching. Time to ramp down depends on output capacitance and load current For instance, when the output is programmed to transition to a lower voltage with PFM operation enabled, the TPS6265x ramps down the output voltage without controlling the ramp rate or having intermediate micro-steps. The required time to ramp down the voltage depends on the capacitance present at the output of the TPS6265x and on the load current. From an overall system perspective, this is the most efficient way to perform dynamic voltage scaling. Multiple-Step Voltage Scaling Mode, DEFSLEW[2:0] = [000] to [110] In multiple-step mode the TPS6265x controls the output voltage ramp rate regardless of the load current and mode of operation (e.g. Forced PWM or PFM/PWM). The voltage ramp control is done by adjusting the time between the voltage micro-steps. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 23 TPS62650 TPS62651 SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009................................................................................................................................................................................................. www.ti.com THEORY OF OPERATION Serial Interface Description I2C is a 2-wire serial interface developed by Philips Semiconductor (see I2C-Bus Specification, Version 2.1, January 2000). The bus consists of a data line (SDA) and a clock line (SCL) with pull-up structures. When the bus is idle, both SDA and SCL lines are pulled high. All the I2C compatible devices connect to the I2C bus through open drain I/O pins, SDA and SCL. A master device, usually a microcontroller or a digital signal processor, controls the bus. The master is responsible for generating the SCL signal and device addresses. The master also generates specific conditions that indicate the START and STOP of data transfer. A slave device receives and/or transmits data on the bus under control of the master device. The TPS6265x device works as a slave and supports the following data transfer modes, as defined in the I2C-Bus Specification: standard mode (100 kbps), fast mode (400 kbps), fast mode plus (1 Mbps) and high-speed mode (up to 3.4 Mbps). The interface adds flexibility to the power supply solution, enabling most functions to be programmed to new values depending on the instantaneous application requirements. Register contents remain intact as long as supply voltage remains above 2.1 V (typical). The data transfer protocol for standard, fast and fast plus modes is exactly the same, therefore, they are referred to as F/S-mode in this document. The protocol for high-speed mode is different from the F/S-mode, and it is referred to as HS-mode. The TPS6265x device supports 7-bit addressing; 10-bit addressing and general call address are not supported. The TPS6265x device has a 7-bit address with two bits factory programmable allowing up to four dc/dc converters to be connected to the same bus. The 4 MSBs are 1001 and the LSB is 0. Standard-, Fast- and Fast-Mode Plus Protocol The master initiates data transfer by generating a start condition. The start condition is when a high-to-low transition occurs on the SDA line while SCL is high, see Figure 50. All I2C-compatible devices should recognize a start condition. The master then generates the SCL pulses, and transmits the 7-bit address and the read/write direction bit R/W on the SDA line. During all transmissions, the master ensures that data is valid. A valid data condition requires the SDA line to be stable during the entire high period of the clock pulse, see Figure 51. All devices recognize the address sent by the master and compare it to their internal fixed addresses. Only the slave device with a matching address generates an acknowledge, see Figure 52, by pulling the SDA line low during the entire high period of the ninth SCL cycle. Upon detecting this acknowledge, the master knows that the communication link with a slave has been established. The master generates further SCL cycles to either transmit data to the slave (R/W bit 1) or receive data from the slave (R/W bit 0). In either case, the receiver needs to acknowledge the data sent by the transmitter. An acknowledge signal can either be generated by the master or by the slave, depending on which one is the receiver. 9-bit valid data sequences consisting of 8-bit data and 1-bit acknowledge can continue as long as necessary. To signal the end of the data transfer, the master generates a stop condition by pulling the SDA line from low to high while the SCL line is high, see Figure 50. This releases the bus and stops the communication link with the addressed slave. All I2C compatible devices must recognize the stop condition. Upon the receipt of a stop condition, all devices know that the bus is released, and they wait for a start condition followed by a matching address Attempting to read data from register addresses not listed in this section results in 00h being read out. 24 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 TPS62650 TPS62651 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 H/S-Mode Protocol When the bus is idle, both SDA and SCL lines are pulled high by the pull-up devices. The master generates a start condition followed by a valid serial byte containing HS master code 00001XXX. This transmission is made in F/S-mode at no more than 400 Kbps. No device is allowed to acknowledge the HS master code, but all devices must recognize it and switch their internal setting to support 3.4-Mbps operation. The master then generates a repeated start condition (a repeated start condition has the same timing as the start condition). After this repeated start condition, the protocol is the same as F/S-mode, except that transmission speeds up to 3.4 Mbps are allowed. A stop condition ends the HS-mode and switches all the internal settings of the slave devices to support the F/S-mode. Instead of using a stop condition, repeated start conditions are used to secure the bus in HS-mode. Attempting to read data from register addresses not listed in this section results in FFh being read out. DATA CLK S P Start Condition Stop Condition Figure 50. START and STOP Conditions DATA CLK Data Line Stable; Data Valid Change of Data Allowed Figure 51. Bit Transfer on the Serial Interface Data Output by Transmitter Not Acknowledge Data Output by Receiver Acknowledge SCL From Master 1 2 S 8 9 Clock Pulse for Acknowledgement START Condition Figure 52. Acknowledge on the I2C Bus Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 25 TPS62650 TPS62651 SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009................................................................................................................................................................................................. www.ti.com Recognize START or REPEATED START Condition Recognize STOP or REPEATED START Condition Generate ACKNOWLEDGE Signal P SDA MSB Acknowledgement Signal From Slave Sr Address R/W SCL 1 S or Sr 2 7 8 9 ACK 1 2 3−8 9 ACK Sr or P Clock Line Held Low While Interrupts are Serviced START or Repeated START Condition STOP or Repeated START Condition Figure 53. Bus Protocol TPS6265X I2C Update Sequence The TPS6265x requires a start condition, a valid I2C address, a register address byte, and a data byte for a single update. After the receipt of each byte, TPS6265x device acknowledges by pulling the SDA line low during the high period of a single clock pulse. A valid I2C address selects the TPS6265x. TPS6265x performs an update on the falling edge of the LSB byte. When the TPS6265x is in hardware shutdown (EN pin tied to ground) the device can not be updated via the I2C interface. Conversely, the I2C interface is fully functional during software shutdown (EN_DCDC bit = 0). 1 7 1 1 8 1 8 1 1 S Slave Address R/W A Register Address A Data A P “0” Write A = Acknowledge S = START condition P = STOP condition From Master to TPS6265x From TPS6265x to Master Figure 54. "Write" Data Transfer Format in Standard, Fast- and Fast-Plus Modes 1 7 1 1 8 1 1 7 1 1 8 1 1 S Slave Address R/W A Register Address A Sr Slave Address R/W A Data A P “0” Write From Master to TPS6265x From TPS6265x to Master “1” Read A A S Sr P = Acknowledge = Not Acknowledge = START condition = REPEATED START condition = STOP condition Figure 55. "Read" Data Transfer Format in Standard, Fast- and Fast-Plus Modes 26 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 TPS62650 TPS62651 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 F/S Mode S HS Mode A Sr SLAVE ADDRESS R/W A HS-MASTER CODE REGISTER ADDRESS F/S Mode A DATA Data Transferred (n x Bytes + Acknowledge) A/A P HS Mode Continues Sr Slave Address Figure 56. Data Transfer Format in H/S-Mode Slave Address Byte MSB X 1 0 0 1 A2 A1 LSB 0 The slave address byte is the first byte received following the START condition from the master device. The first four bits (MSBs) of the address are factory preset to 1001. The next two bits (A2, A1) of the address are device option dependent. The LSB bit (A0) is also factory preset to 0. Up to 4 TPS6265x type of devices can be connected to the same I2C-Bus. See the ordering information table for more details. Register Address Byte MSB 0 LSB 0 0 0 0 0 D1 D0 Following the successful acknowledgment of the slave address, the bus master sends a byte to the TPS6265x, which contains the address of the register to be accessed. The TPS6265x contains four 8-bit registers accessible via a bidirectional I2C-bus interface. All internal registers have read and write access. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 27 TPS62650 TPS62651 SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009................................................................................................................................................................................................. www.ti.com REGISTER DESCRIPTION VSEL0 REGISTER DESCRIPTION Memory location: 0x00 Description Bits Memory type Default value EN_DCDC D7 R/W 1 FREE D6 R/W 0 D5 R/W X D4 R/W X VSM0[5:0] D3 D2 R/W R/W X X Bit Description EN_DCDC Enable/Disable DC/DC operation. This bit gates the external EN pin control signal. This bit is mirrored in VSEL1 register. 0: Device in shutdown regardless of the EN signal. 1: Device enabled when EN is high, disabled when EN is low. VSM0[5:0] Output voltage selection bits (floor voltage). (1) 6-bit unsigned binary linear coding. Output voltage = Minimum output voltage + (VSM0[5:0] x 12.5 mV) (1) D1 R/W X D0 R/W X D1 R/W X D0 R/W X Register value is set according to the default output voltage, see ordering information table. VSEL1 REGISTER DESCRIPTION Memory location: 0x01 Description Bits Memory type Default value EN_DCDC D7 R/W 1 FREE D6 R/W 0 D5 R/W X D4 R/W X VSM1[5:0] D3 D2 R/W R/W X X Bit Description EN_DCDC Enable/Disable DC/DC operation. This bit gates the external EN pin control signal. This bit is mirrored in VSEL0 register. 0: Device in shutdown regardless of the EN signal. 1: Device enabled when EN is high, disabled when EN is low. VSM1[5:0] Output voltage selection bits (roof voltage). (1) 6-bit unsigned binary linear coding. Output voltage = Minimum output voltage + (VSM1[5:0] x 12.5 mV) (1) 28 Register value is set according to the default output voltage, see ordering information table. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 TPS62650 TPS62651 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 CONTROL1 REGISTER DESCRIPTION Memory location: 0x02 Description Bits Memory type Default value RESERVED D7 R 0 RESERVED D6 R 0 FREE D5 R/W 0 FREE D4 R/W 0 Bit Description MODE_CTRL[1:0] Mode control bits. (1) 00: Operation follows MODE0, MODE1. 01: PFM/PWM operation independent of VSEL signal. 10: Forced PWM operation independent of VSEL signal. 11: PFM/PWM operation independent of VSEL signal. MODE1 VSEL high (roof voltage) operating mode selection bit. 0: Forced PWM. 1: PFM/PWM automatic transition. MODE0 VSEL low (floor voltage) operating mode selection bit. 0,1: PFM/PWM automatic transition (no effect). (1) MODE_CTRL[1:0] D3 D2 R/W R/W 0 0 MODE1 D1 R/W 0 MODE0 D0 R/W 0 See the ordering information table to verify the validity of this option. CONTROL2 REGISTER DESCRIPTION Memory location: 0x03 Description Bits Memory type Default value FREE D7 R/W 0 OUTPUT_DISCHARGE D6 R/W 1 PWROK D5 R/W 0 FREE D4 R/W 0 FREE D3 R/W 0 D2 R/W 1 DEFSLEW D1 R/W 1 Bit Description OUTPUT_ DISCHARGE Output capacitor auto-discharge control bit. 0: The output capacitor is not actively discharged when the converter is disabled. 1: The output capacitor is discharged through an internal resistor when the converter is disabled. PWROK Power good bit. 0: The output voltage is not within its regulation limits. 1: The output voltage is in regulation. DEFSLEW Output voltage slew-rate control bits. 000: 0.15mV/µs 001: 0.3mV/µs 010: 0.6mV/µs 011: 1.2mV/µs 100: 2.4mV/µs 101: 4.8mV/µs 110: 9.6mV/µs 111: Immediate Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 D0 R/W 1 29 TPS62650 TPS62651 SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009................................................................................................................................................................................................. www.ti.com APPLICATION INFORMATION INDUCTOR SELECTION The TPS6265x series of step-down converters have been optimized to operate with an effective inductance value in the range of 0.3µH to 1.3µH and with output capacitors in the range of 4.7µF to 10µF. The internal compensation is optimized to operate with an output filter of L = 0.47µH and CO = 4.7µF. Larger or smaller inductor values can be used to optimize the performance of the device for specific operation conditions. For more details, refer to the section "checking loop stability". The inductor value affects its peak-to-peak ripple current, the PWM-to-PFM transition point, the output voltage ripple and the efficiency. The selected inductor has to be rated for its dc resistance and saturation current. The inductor ripple current (ΔIL) decreases with higher inductance and increases with higher VI or VO. V V - VO DI DIL = O x I DIL(MAX) = IO(MAX) + L VI L x fsw 2 (1) with: fSW = switching frequency (6 MHz typical) L = inductor value ΔIL = peak-to-peak inductor ripple current IL(MAX) = maximum inductor current In high-frequency converter applications, the efficiency is essentially affected by the inductor AC resistance (i.e. quality factor) and to a smaller extent by the inductor DCR value. To achieve high efficiency operation, care should be taken in selecting inductors featuring a quality factor above 25 at the switching frequency. Increasing the inductor value produces lower RMS currents, but degrades transient response. For a given physical inductor size, increased inductance usually results in an inductor with lower saturation current. The total losses of the coil consist of both the losses in the DC resistance (R(DC)) and the following frequency-dependent components: • The losses in the core material (magnetic hysteresis loss, especially at high switching frequencies) • Additional losses in the conductor from the skin effect (current displacement at high frequencies) • Magnetic field losses of the neighboring windings (proximity effect) • Radiation losses The following inductor series from different suppliers have been used with the TPS6265x converters. Table 3. List of Inductors MANUFACTURER MURATA 30 SERIES DIMENSIONS LQM21PN1R0NGR 2.0 x 1.2 x 1.0 max. height LQM21PNR54MG0 2.0 x 1.2 x 1.0 max. height LQM21PNR47MG0 2.0 x 1.2 x 1.0 max. height LQM2MPN1R0NG0 2.0 x 1.6 x 1.0 max. height TOKO MDT2012-CX1R0A 2.0 x 1.2 x 1.0 max. height FDK MIPS2012D1R0-X2 2.0 x 1.2 x 1.0 max. height Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 TPS62650 TPS62651 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 OUTPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION The advanced fast-response voltage mode control scheme of the TPS6265x allows the use of tiny ceramic capacitors. Ceramic capacitors with low ESR values have the lowest output voltage ripple and are recommended. For best performance, the device should be operated with a minimum effective output capacitance of 1.6µF. The output capacitor requires either an X7R or X5R dielectric. Y5V and Z5U dielectric capacitors, aside from their wide variation in capacitance over temperature, become resistive at high frequencies. At nominal load current, the device operates in PWM mode and the overall output voltage ripple is the sum of the voltage step caused by the output capacitor ESL and the ripple current flowing through the output capacitor impedance. At light loads, the output capacitor limits the output ripple voltage and provides holdup during large load transitions. A 4.7µF capacitor typically provides sufficient bulk capacitance to stabilize the output during large load transitions. The typical output voltage ripple is 1.5% of the nominal output voltage VO. The output voltage ripple during PFM mode operation can be kept very small. The PFM pulse is time controlled, which allows to modify the charge transferred to the output capacitor by the value of the inductor. The resulting PFM output voltage ripple and PFM frequency depend in first order on the size of the output capacitor and the inductor value. The PFM frequency decreases with smaller inductor values and increases with larger once. Increasing the output capacitor value and the effective inductance will minimize the output ripple voltage. INPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION Because of the nature of the buck converter having a pulsating input current, a low ESR input capacitor is required to prevent large voltage transients that can cause misbehavior of the device or interferences with other circuits in the system. For most applications, a 2.2µF or 4.7µF capacitor is sufficient. If the application exhibits a noisy or erratic switching frequency, the remedy will probably be found by experimenting with the value of the input capacitor. Take care when using only ceramic input capacitors. When a ceramic capacitor is used at the input and the power is being supplied through long wires, such as from a wall adapter, a load step at the output can induce ringing at the VIN pin. This ringing can couple to the output and be mistaken as loop instability or could even damage the part. Additional "bulk" capacitance (electrolytic or tantalum) should in this circumstance be placed between CI and the power source lead to reduce ringing than can occur between the inductance of the power source leads and CI. CHECKING LOOP STABILITY The first step of circuit and stability evaluation is to look from a steady-state perspective at the following signals: • Switching node, SW • Inductor current, IL • Output ripple voltage, VO(AC) These are the basic signals that need to be measured when evaluating a switching converter. When the switching waveform shows large duty cycle jitter or the output voltage or inductor current shows oscillations, the regulation loop may be unstable. This is often a result of board layout and/or L-C combination. As a next step in the evaluation of the regulation loop, the load transient response is tested. The time between the application of the load transient and the turn on of the P-channel MOSFET, the output capacitor must supply all of the current required by the load. VO immediately shifts by an amount equal to ΔI(LOAD) x ESR, where ESR is the effective series resistance of CO. ΔI(LOAD) begins to charge or discharge CO generating a feedback error signal used by the regulator to return VO to its steady-state value. The results are most easily interpreted when the device operates in PWM mode. During this recovery time, VO can be monitored for settling time, overshoot or ringing that helps judge the converter’s stability. Without any ringing, the loop has usually more than 45° of phase margin. Because the damping factor of the circuitry is directly related to several resistive parameters (e.g., MOSFET rDS(on)) that are temperature dependant, the loop stability analysis has to be done over the input voltage range, load current range, and temperature range. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 31 TPS62650 TPS62651 SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009................................................................................................................................................................................................. www.ti.com LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS As for all switching power supplies, the layout is an important step in the design. High-speed operation of the TPS6265x devices demand careful attention to PCB layout. Care must be taken in board layout to get the specified performance. If the layout is not carefully done, the regulator could show poor line and/or load regulation, stability and switching frequency issues as well as EMI problems. It is critical to provide a low inductance, impedance ground path. Therefore, use wide and short traces for the main current paths. VOUT The input capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the IC pins as well as the inductor and output capacitor. In order to get an optimum ESL step, the output voltage feedback point (FB) should be taken in the output capacitor path, approximately 1mm away for it. The feed-back line should be routed away from noisy components and traces (e.g. SW line). GND L1 C1 C2 A B C VIN A: EN B: SCL C: SDA L E VS Figure 57. Suggested Layout (Top) 32 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 TPS62650 TPS62651 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................................................................. SLVS808 – AUGUST 2009 Thermal Information Implementation of integrated circuits in low-profile and fine-pitch surface-mount packages typically requires special attention to power dissipation. Many system-dependant issues such as thermal coupling, airflow, added heat sinks, and convection surfaces, and the presence of other heat-generating components, affect the power-dissipation limits of a given component. Three basic approaches for enhancing thermal performance are listed below: • Improving the power dissipation capability of the PCB design • Improving the thermal coupling of the component to the PCB • Introducing airflow in the system The maximum recommended junction temperature (TJ) of the TPS6265x device is 105°C. The thermal resistance of the 9-pin CSP package (YFF) is RθJA = 105°C/W. The regulator operation is specified to a maximum ambient temperature TA of 85°C. Therefore, the maximum power dissipation is about 200mW. TJMAX - TA 105oC - 85oC = 190 mW = PDMAX = RqJA 105oC/W (2) PACKAGE SUMMARY CHIP SCALE PACKAGE (BOTTOM VIEW) D A3 A2 A1 B3 B2 B1 C3 C2 C1 CHIP SCALE PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) YMLLLLS TPS6265x A1 E Code: • Y — 2 digit date code • LLLL - lot trace code • S - assembly site code PACKAGE DIMENSIONS The dimensions for the YFF-9 package are shown in Table 4. See the package drawing at the end of this data sheet. Table 4. YFF-9 Package Dimensions Packaged Devices D E TPS6265xYFF 1.296 ±0.03 mm 1.322 ±0.03 mm Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPS62650 TPS62651 33 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 3-Sep-2009 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty TPS62650YFFR ACTIVE DSBGA YFF 9 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) SNAGCU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TPS62650YFFT ACTIVE DSBGA YFF 9 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) SNAGCU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TPS62651YFFR PREVIEW DSBGA YFF 9 3000 TBD Call TI Call TI TPS62651YFFT PREVIEW DSBGA YFF 9 250 TBD Call TI Call TI Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. 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