SM1126 Series Melody IC with Built-in SRAM NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS INC. OVERVIEW PINOUT The SM1126 Series are melody ICs for use in mobile telecommunications equipment. A maximum of 15 melodies can be stored in programmable ROM and one in built-in read/write SRAM. (Top View) ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ORDERING INFORMATION VDD SC 3 6 MTO ST 4 5 TEST 1126×× PACKAGE DIMENSIONS (Unit: mm) 0.5 0.2 ■ VSS 7 0.575 TYP P ackag e SM1126××V 8-pin VSOP + 0.1 0.15− 0.05 3.1 0.3 0.65 0.10 D e vice 6.4 0.3 ■ 8 2 4.4 0.2 ■ 2.0 to 3.6 V supply voltage Maximum of 16 melody selections (15 in ROM + 1 in SRAM) Level hold playback mode External reference clock input versions and builtin RC oscillator versions available, set by masterslice option (RC oscillator versions require an external resistor and capacitor). Selectable clock frequencies (fixed for all melodies) • External clock input versions (6 frequencies) - 32.768 kHz system: 32.768, 65.536 and 131.072 kHz - 38.4 kHz system: 38.4, 76.8 and 153.6 kHz • Built-in RC oscillator versions (1 frequency) - 131.072 kHz 2-pin serial data melody selection and 1-pin melody playback control Parity check function Delivery pattern alarm Power save function • External clock input versions Clock gating in non-play modes • Built-in RC oscillator versions Oscillator stopped in non-play modes 1 SIO 1.15 0.05 ■ OSC 0.1 0.05 FEATURES 8-pin VSOP 0.22 0.1 + 0.12 M NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—1 SM1126 Series BLOCK DIAGRAM OSC Frequency Multiplier Master slice OSC Master slice Gate VDD Divider Scale Counter Divider SIO Main RAM ST TEST Main ROM (Pull-down resistance built-in) MultiPlexer Tempo Latch Tempo Counter MTO Scale ROM Control Circuit SC VSS SW2 SW1 Rhythm Counter Address Counter Start Address Latch PIN DESCRIPTION Number Name Function 1 OSC Built-in RC oscillator option: External resistor and capacitor connection pins External clock input option: External reference clock input (gate circuit built-in) 2 SIO Playback control serial interface data input. During parity check, the G flag is output while ST is HIGH. 3 SC Playback control serial interface clock input 4 ST Play mode: Playback start/stop control signal input Write mode: Serial interface data write control signal input 5 TEST Test input. Pull-down resistor built-in. Leave open or connect to VSS. 6 MTO Playback melody signal output 7 VDD Supply 8 VSS Ground NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—2 SM1126 Series SPECIFICATIONS Absolute Maximum Ratings P arameter Rating Unit V DD − V SS Symbol −0.3 to 5.0 V Input voltage range V IN V SS − 0.2 to V DD + 0.2 V Power dissipation PD 100 mW Storage temperature range Tstg −40 to 125 °C Soldering temperature Tsld 255 °C Soldering time tsld 10 s Supply voltage range Condition Recommended Operating Conditions VSS = 0 V Rating Unit Supply voltage P arameter Symbol V DD Condition 2.0 to 3.6 V Operating temperature Topr −20 to 70 °C DC Characteristics Ta = −20 to 70 °C, VSS = 0 V, VDD = 2.0 to 3.6 V P arameter Symbol Condition Rating Unit min typ max 2.0 3.0 3.6 V Supply voltage V DD Current consumption (1) IDD1 Non-playback mode, Ta = 25°C – – 0.5 µA Current consumption (2) IDD2 External clock input option: Playback mode, MTO pin open – 25 200 µA Current consumption (3) IDD3 Built-in RC oscillator option: Playback mode, MTO pin open – 215 600 µA V DD − 0.2 – V DD V V SS – V SS + 0.2 V IIH1 V IH = V DD, Ta = 25°C External clock input option: ST, SIO, SC and OSC pins, Built-in RC oscillator option: ST, SIO and SC pins – – 0.5 µA IIL1 V IL = 0 V, Ta = 25°C External clock input option: ST, SIO, SC and OSC pins, Built-in RC oscillator option: ST, SIO and SC pins – – 0.5 µA IIH2 TEST pin, V IH = V DD – – 200 µA V IH Input voltage V IL Input current (1) Input current (2) Start voltage Output voltage (1) Output voltage (2) Oscillator frequency External clock input option: ST, SIO, SC and OSC pins, Built-in RC oscillator option: ST, SIO and SC pins VOPN TEST pin VOH1 SIO pin, IOH1 = 1 mA, V DD = 2.4 V – – 0.1 V V DD − 0.4 – V DD V VOL1 SIO pin, IOL1 = 1 mA, V DD = 2.4 V V SS – V SS + 0.4 V VOH2 MTO pin, IOH2 = 1 mA V DD − 0.4 – V DD V VOL2 MTO pin, IOL2 = 1 mA V SS – V SS + 0.4 V fOSC Built-in RC oscillator option: NPC test board measurement, V DD = 3.0 V, RO = 82 kΩ, C O = 130 pF 117.965 131.072 144.179 kHz ∆f/f Built-in RC oscillator option – 0.2 – %/0.1V Oscillator start voltage VDOB Built-in RC oscillator option – – 1.6 V Oscillator stop voltage V DOS Built-in RC oscillator option – – 1.6 V Frequency stability NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—3 SM1126 Series AC Characteristics Ta = −20 to 70 °C, VSS = 0 V, VDD = 2.0 to 3.6 V Rating P arameter Symbol OSC pulse cycle tOSC OSC HIGH-level pulsewidth tOWH OSC LOW-level pulsewidth tOWL Condition Unit “OSC input pulse (external clock input version)” timing min typ max 4.0 – – µs 2.0 – – µs 2.0 – – µs OSC pulse rise time tOr – – 200 ns OSC pulse fall time tOf – – 200 ns SC pulsewidth tSC 4.0 – – µs SC HIGH-level pulsewidth tSWH 2.0 – – µs SC LOW-level pulsewidth tSWL 2.0 – – µs “SC input pulse” timing SC pulse rise time tSr – – 200 ns SC pulse fall time tSf – – 200 ns SIO-SC setup time tDS 2.0 – – µs SIO-SC hold time tDH 2.0 – – µs 2.0 – – µs “SC-SIO-ST serial input pulse” timing ST input write pulsewidth tWP ST input write pulse rise time tWr – – 200 ns ST input write pulse fall time tWf – – 200 ns SIO output enable delay tOE – – 600 ns SIO output disable delay tOD – – 600 ns “SIO parity check G-flag output data” timing OSC input pulse (external clock input version) VDD 0.5VDD VSS 0.9VDD 0.1VDD t OWH t OWL t OSC t Of t Or SC input pulse VDD 0.5VDD VSS 0.9VDD 0.1VDD t SWH t OWL SWL t SC t Sf t Sr NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—4 SM1126 Series SC-SIO-ST serial input pulse VDD 0.5VDD VSS SC t DS t DH VDD 0.5VDD VSS SIO t WP VDD 0.5VDD VSS 0.9VDD ST 0.1VDD t Wr t Wf ST must be set to LOW when switching ST SIO parity check G-flag output data VDD 0.5VDD VSS SC SIO INPUT MODE 0.9VDD OUTPUT MODE (G FLAG OUTPUT) 0.1VDD t OE ST t OD 0.9VDD 0.1VDD INPUT MODE VDD 0.5VDD VSS VDD 0.5VDD VSS ST must be set to LOW when switching ST NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—5 SM1126 Series FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Control Functions External reference clock SM1126 Series devices are available in external clock input versions and built-in RC oscillator versions, set by master-slice option. In the case of the built-in RC oscillator option, an external resistor and capacitor is required for the oscillator function. SM1126 Series devices can operate at 6 selectable reference clock frequencies. All melodies playback at the fixed speed set by the reference clock frequency. External clock input versions operate at one of 6 selectable clock frequencies, as shown in table 1. Built-in RC oscillator versions operate at only one oscillator frequencies—131.072 kHz. Table 1. Reference clock frequencies (external clock) F r e q u e n cy system Selectable frequencies 32.768 kHz 32.768 kHz 65.536 kHz 131.072 kHz 38.4 kHz 38.4 kHz 76.8 kHz 153.6 kHz Power-save function In external clock input versions, the external reference clock input is used during playback mode only and is otherwise ignored. If a clock signal is input when not in playback mode (when ST is LOW), the gate circuit switches to cutoff the external reference clock signal from entering the device, preventing unwanted current flow. In built-in RC oscillator versions, the oscillator is stopped when not in playback mode (when ST is LOW), preventing unwanted current flow. ST OSC Figure 1. External clock input version: OSC input during playback mode only ST OSC Figure 2. External clock input version: Continuous OSC input ST OSC CR Oscillation Figure 3. Built-in RC oscillator version NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—6 SM1126 Series Serial inputs Serial data is input on SIO in sync with the SC clock in 8-bit units when ST is LOW. Data is not accepted when ST is HIGH. When ST goes HIGH, the 8-bit data is latched. Note that if the input data exceeds 8 bits in length, the most recent 8 bits are used and any preceding bits are ignored. Data is in MSB first format. Input data is interpreted as a command or as a data word (in write mode), depending on the current operating mode of the device. There are 3 types of commands: ■ ■ ■ Playback start command SRAM write command End-of-write command The SRAM write command is used to invoke write mode operation, and end-of-write command is used to return to play mode operation. In write mode, however, data is interpreted as data words to be written to SRAM. Note that pin SIO is an output pin only when the parity check command is executed. At all other times, SIO is an input pin. Invalid Data SIO ? Valid Data Invalid Data ? B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? SC ST Pin SC should be LOW when either a LOW-to-HIGH or HIGH-to-LOW transition occurs on pin ST. Figure 4. Serial input timing Playback control The ST pin controls the start of playback. While ST is HIGH, the melody is played repeatedly, and when ST goes LOW, playback stops. Melodies are selected by input serial data on pins SIO and SC, as shown in table 2. The melody select command comprises a fixed code (1000) followed by 4 melody select data bits (B3 to B0). The 8 bits of data are retained even after playback. If serial data is input during playback, the data is ignored and playback continues. Invalid Data SIO ? Valid Data Invalid Data ? H L L L B3 B2 B1 B0 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? SC ST MTO Pin SC should be LOW when either a LOW-to-HIGH or HIGH-to-LOW transition occurs on pin ST. Figure 5. Serial data input timing NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—7 SM1126 Series Table 2. Serial data melody select B3 B2 B1 B0 ST M e l o dy B3 B2 B1 B0 ST M e l o dy L L L L L→H 1st melody H L L L L→H 9th melody L L L H L→H 2nd melody H L L H L→H 10th melody L L H L L→H 3rd melody H L H L L→H 11th melody L L H H L→H 4th melody H L H H L→H 12th melody L H L L L→H 5th melody H H L L L→H 13th melody L H L H L→H 6th melody H H L H L→H 14th melody L H H L L→H 7th melody H H H L L→H 15th melody L H H H L→H 8th melody H H H H L→H SRAM melody SIO #n1 Data #n2 Data SC ST MTO #n1 Play #n1 Play #n1 Play #n2 Play Melody plays repeatedly when ST is HIGH, and stops immediately when ST goes LOW. Figure 6. Melody repetition timing NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—8 SM1126 Series Playback timing diagrams Playback start Playback starts after an interval tST after ST goes HIGH. When the reference clock frequency is 32.768 kHz, tST = (256 ± 1 oscillator cycles) + 1/128 seconds. When the reference clock frequency is 38.4 kHz, tST = (300 ± 1 oscillator cycles) + 1/128 seconds. Play Start Command SIO MSB LSB SC ST OSC 256(300) *Internal Clock 1 Clock 1/128 sec ,,,,, ,,,,, ,,,,, MTO Figure 7. Playback start timing Playback stop Playback stops immediately when ST goes LOW. In external clock input versions, the IC internal clock also stops when ST goes LOW, regardless of whether or not there is a clock input signal on pin OSC. In built-in RC oscillator versions, the oscillator also stops when ST goes LOW. ST OSC *Internal Clock MTO ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Figure 8. Stop timing NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—9 SM1126 Series Write Mode Control Write sequence The SM1126 Series devices can accept data words written to the built-in SRAM to play any melody. The SRAM write sequence is described below. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Write the SRAM write command (11011111) to invoke write mode. Write the tempo word (parity check ON/OFF selectable). Write all necessary melody data words (parity check ON/OFF selectable). Write the melody end word (parity check ON/OFF selectable). Optionally, write extra data words (these are ignored). Write the end-of-write command (10111111) to return to play mode. If parity check was ON, write the parity check command (01111111) to perform an error check. The built-in SRAM can store 64 words, so all melody and end words must fit within this limit. Note that the tempo word is not stored in SRAM, but in a separate register. Playback of melodies stored in SRAM begins from the SRAM leading address and continues until the end word is detected, at which point playback continues again from the SRAM leading address. All data in SRAM after the end word is ignored. Input write command (11011111) Play mode Input write command (11011111) Write tempo word Write tempo word Write melody word (s) Write melody word (s) Write mode Write end word Write end word Write optional invalid data Write optional invalid data Input end-of-write command (10111111) Input end-of-write command (10111111) Input parity check command (01111111) Example 1. Parity check selected Play mode Example 2. Parity check not selected Figure 9. Write control sequence NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—10 SM1126 Series Write command The SRAM write command (11011111), shown below, is used to invoke write mode. PLAY mode changed to WRITE mode Address set to tempo-word register SIO 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 SC ST Figure 10. Write command timing Tempo word The tempo word controls the melody playback speed. The tempo word comprises a fixed code (000) followed by the tempo code (T4 to T0), as shown below. The tempo word is always the first word written after invoking write mode, and all subsequent words are melody data words. SIO WRITE command 0 0 0 T4 T3 T2 T1 T0 SC Changed to WRITE mode write Tempo-word ST ADDRESS No Address Tempo Register Address RAM Address Figure 11. Tempo word timing NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—11 SM1126 Series Melody words Melody words contain all the information needed for playback of a single note, including the note duration and type (name or rest). Each melody word comprises a 3-bit length code (R2 to R0) followed by a 5-bit type code (S4 to S0). SIO (n-1)th data (n)th data SC write (n)th data write (n-1)th Data ST n-1 ADDRESS n n+1 Figure 12. Melody word timing End word The end word (01011111) indicates the end of the melody. When the end word is detected during melody playback, operation returns to the SRAM leading address. All data in SRAM after the end word is ignored. SIO 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 next word SC write next word write END-WORD ST m ADDRESS m+1 m+2 Figure 13. End word timing End-of-write command The end-of-write command (10111111) is used to return to play mode from write mode. This command should be executed when power is first applied to set play mode. WRITE mode changed to PLAY mode SIO 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 SC ST Figure 14. End-of-write command timing NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—12 SM1126 Series Parity check command Data words (tempo word, melody words, end word) can have an optional parity bit added, forming 9-bit data words, for a parity check function. The parity check command is executed in play mode, immediately after the end-of-write command is executed. The parity bit is added at the beginning of the data word. Note that the last 8 bits are always the valid data bits. The parity check function performs an odd parity check (an odd number of 1s within the 9-bit data). If the parity check command is not executed, play mode operation continues using the valid 8 bits of data in each data word. The parity check sequence is described below. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The internal G flag (Good flag) is set to 1 when the write command is executed. When writing data words, the G flag remains set to 1 for odd parity, but is set to 0 if even parity is detected. The G flag remains set to 1 only if all data words have odd parity. Write the end-of-write command to return to play mode. Write the parity check command. When ST is HIGH, the SIO pin functions as the G flag output. When ST goes LOW, the G flag output is released. END-WRITE mode command Parity Check Command When G Flag = 1 When G Flag = 0 SIO 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SC ST MODE SIO Condition WRITE mode PLAY mode Input Output Input G Flag Figure 15. Parity check timing NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—13 SM1126 Series Command summary Command MSB Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 LSB Melody start command 1 0 0 0 B3 B2 B1 B0 Write command 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 Tempo word 0 0 0 T4 T3 T2 T1 T0 Melody word R2 R1 R0 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 End word 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 End-of-write command 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 Parity check command 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Musical Specifications Maximum program steps A maximum of 256 steps can be programmed into mask-programmable ROM, and a maximum of 64 steps (including one end word) can be stored in built-in SRAM. Each step represents either a note (sound pitch and length) a rest, or a tie. Note length (including rests) Eight rhythm values for notes and rests can be programmed. Also, 2 or more notes can be musically tied. Table 3. Rhythm values Code Ty p e 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Note x e e. q e ! q. h h. Rest Å ä ä.. g ä ! g. . Pitch and scale SM1126 Series devices support 27 pitches from F4 to G6. The pitch varies with the clock frequency, as shown in the frequency listing in table 4. The reference clock selected at master-slice does not affect the pitch range. Also, two pitches higher than G6 can be set as alarm pitches in mask ROM. Note that an alarm pitch option cannot be specified in SRAM. The frequency error calculation for a given pitch is shown below. Error calculation: (A4 pitch with 32.768 kHz clock) Output frequency log 10 ------------------------------------------------Output frequency Reference frequency 1200 × log 2 ------------------------------------------------- = 1200 × --------------------------------------------------------------Reference frequency log 10 2 Output frequency ≈ 3986.3 × log 10 ------------------------------------------------Reference frequency 439.839 ≈ 3986.3 × log 10 ------------------440.000 ≈ – 0.63 cent NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—14 SM1126 Series Table 4. Frequency range Note code System clock 32.768 kHz system F r e q u e n cy divider F r e q u e n cy (Hz) 38.4 kHz system S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 Pitch Reference frequency Relative F r e q u e n cy error (cent) divider F r e q u e n cy (Hz) Relative error (cent) 0 0 0 0 0 Rest – – – – – – – 0 0 0 0 1 F4 349.228 188 348.596 −3.14 220 349.091 −0.68 0 0 0 1 0 F#4 369.994 177 370.260 1.24 208 369.231 −3.58 0 0 0 1 1 G4 391.995 167 392.431 1.92 196 391.837 −0.70 0 0 1 0 0 G#4 415.305 158 414.785 −2.17 185 415.135 −0.71 0 0 1 0 1 A4 440.000 149 439.839 −0.63 175 438.857 −4.50 0 0 1 1 0 A#4 466.164 141 464.794 −5.09 165 465.455 −2.64 0 0 1 1 1 B4 493.883 133 492.752 −3.97 156 492.308 −5.53 0 1 0 0 0 C5 523.251 125 524.288 3.43 147 522.449 −2.66 0 1 0 0 1 C#5 554.365 118 555.390 3.20 139 552.518 −5.78 0 1 0 1 0 D5 587.330 112 585.143 −6.46 131 586.260 −3.16 0 1 0 1 1 D#5 622.254 105 624.152 5.27 123 624.390 5.93 0 1 1 0 0 E5 659.255 99 661.980 7.14 116 662.069 7.37 0 1 1 0 1 F5 698.456 94 697.191 −3.14 110 698.182 −0.68 0 1 1 1 0 F#5 739.989 89 736.360 −8.51 104 738.462 −3.58 0 1 1 1 1 G5 783.991 84 780.190 −8.41 98 783.673 −0.70 1 0 0 0 0 G#5 830.609 79 829.570 −2.17 92 834.783 8.68 1 0 0 0 1 A5 880.000 74 885.622 11.02 87 882.759 5.42 1 0 0 1 0 A#5 932.328 70 936.229 7.23 82 936.585 7.89 1 0 0 1 1 B5 987.767 66 992.970 9.10 78 984.615 −5.53 1 0 1 0 0 C6 1046.502 63 1040.254 −10.37 73 1052.055 9.16 1 0 1 0 1 C#6 1108.731 59 1110.780 3.20 69 1113.043 6.72 1 0 1 1 0 D6 1174.659 56 1170.286 −6.46 65 1181.538 10.11 1 0 1 1 1 D#6 1244.508 53 1236.528 −11.14 62 1238.710 −8.08 1 1 0 0 0 E6 1318.510 50 1310.720 −10.26 58 1324.138 7.37 1 1 0 0 1 F6 1396.913 47 1394.383 −3.14 55 1396.364 −0.68 1 1 0 1 0 F#6 1479.978 44 1489.455 11.05 52 1476.923 −3.58 1 1 0 1 1 G6 1567.982 42 1560.381 −8.41 49 1567.347 −0.70 1 1 1 0 0 AL1 – – – – – – – 1 1 1 0 1 AL2 – – – – – – – 1 1 1 1 0 Tie – – – – – – – 1 1 1 1 1 End word – – – – – – – (Note) A4 is the following note. ú A4 (440Hz) & === Pitches AL1 and AL2 are optional alarm pitches which can take any value higher than G6, set in mask ROM. This option is not supported in SRAM. NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—15 SM1126 Series Tempo There are 29 tempos that can be selected for each melody. The tempo does not vary with the clock frequency. Table 5. Tempo range Code F r e q u e n cy divider 03 4 04 5 05 6 06 7 07 8 08 9 09 10 0A 11 q= Te m p o 320.0 Prestissimo 256.0 213.3 Presto 182.9 160.0 Allegro 142.2 128.0 116.4 Moderato 0B 12 106.7 0C 13 98.5 0D 14 91.4 Andante 0E 15 85.3 0F 16 80.0 10 17 75.3 11 18 12 19 13 20 Adagio 71.1 67.4 64.0 Larghetto 14 21 61.0 15 22 58.2 16 23 55.7 17 24 53.3 18 25 51.2 19 26 49.2 1A 27 1B 28 45.7 1C 29 44.1 1D 30 42.7 1E 31 41.3 1F 32 40.0 Largo 47.4 Quarter note (q) length = {1536 (32.768 kHz system) or 1800 (38.4 kHz system)} × tempo counter frequency divider ÷ clock frequency (Ex. 1) Tempo code = 1F (divider = 32), clock frequency = 32.768 kHz (32.768 kHz system) 1536 × 32 ÷ 32768 = 1.5 (seconds) (Ex. 2) Tempo code = 18 (divider = 25), CLK frequency = 153.6 kHz (38.4 kHz system) 1800 × 25 ÷ 38400 = 1.17 (seconds) NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—16 SM1126 Series TYPICAL APPLICATION External Clock Input Versions 2.0V to 3.6V B+ CONTROLLER OSC VSS SIO VDD SC MTO ST TEST Built-in RC Oscillator Versions B+ 2.0 to 3.6V RO CONTROLLER OSC VSS SIO VDD SC MTO ST TEST CO NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—17 SM1126 Series OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT The measurement circuit below shows a SM1126××V with built-in RC oscillator circuit and external RC oscillator components capacitor CO and resistor RO. When ST is switched to VDD, the oscillator starts and outputs a pulse on MTO with a frequency double that of the RC oscillator. The output pulse is counted using a frequency counter. RO CO Switch SM1126 V OSC VSS SIO VDD SC MTO ST TEST Frequency Counter Note that the board mounting and wiring will marginally affect the output frequency, even for equivalent values for RO and CO. NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS INC. reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this data sheet in order to improve the design or performance and to supply the best possible products. Nippon Precision Circuits Inc. assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuits shown in this data sheet, conveys no license under any patent or other rights, and makes no claim that the circuits are free from patent infringement. Applications for any devices shown in this data sheet are for illustration only and Nippon Precision Circuits Inc. makes no claim or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the use specified without further testing or modification. The products described in this data sheet are not intended to use for the apparatus which influence human lives due to the failure or malfunction of the products. Customers are requested to comply with applicable laws and regulations in effect now and hereinafter, including compliance with export controls on the distribution or dissemination of the products. Customers shall not export, directly or indirectly, any products without first obtaining required licenses and approvals from appropriate government agencies. NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS INC. NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS INC. 4-3, Fukuzumi 2-chome Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8430, Japan Telephone: 03-3642-6661 Facsimile: 03-3642-6698 NC9722BE 1998.12 NIPPON PRECISION CIRCUITS—18