TK14551V FM IF DETECTOR/AMPLIFIER FEATURES APPLICATIONS ■ IF Input Frequency ~90 MHz (TYP) ■ Balanced Input (IF) ■ Includes Dual High Speed RSSI Outputs. One is for ASK demodulation, another one is for carrier sensing. ■ RSSI outputs are accurate with stable temperature characteristic and include buffer amplifiers. ■ High Speed RSSI Comparator for Carrier Sensing ■ HIgh Speed Data Comparator (~2 Mbps) ■ Wide Band Demodulator (~1 MHz) ■ Battery Save Function ■ Low Voltage Operation: 3.0 ~ 5.5 V ■ Very Small Package (TSSOP-24) ■ ■ ■ ■ Wide Band FSK Demodulation Wide Band FM Demodulation Video Signal Demodulation Wide Band ASK Demodulation TK14551 IF DECOUPLE IF INPUT (-) IF DECOUPLE 23 IF INPUT (+) DESCRIPTION 22 IF GND IF OUTPUT 21 BATTERY SAVE FM DEMODULATOR INPUT 20 RSSI COMP BIAS GND 19 RSSI OUTPUT-1 VCC 18 RSSI OUTPUT-2 17 RSSI BUFFERED OUTPUT-1 FM DEMODULATOR AMP INPUT 16 RSSI COMP OUTPUT FM DEMODULATOR AMP OUTPUT 15 RSSI COMP GND RSSI BUFFERED OUTPUT-2 DATA COMP INPUT (-) 14 DATA COMP GND DATA COMP INPUT (+) 13 DATA COMP OUTPUT DATA COMP GND DATA COMP OUTPUT DATA COMP INPUT (+) RSSI COMP GND DATA COMP INPUT (-) RSSI COMP OUTPUT RSSI BUFFERED OUTPUT-1 RSSI OUTPUT-2 RSSI OUTPUT-1 RSSI COMP BIAS IF GND BATTERY SAVE BLOCK DIAGRAM IF INPUT (+) BIAS IF AMP RSSI The TK14551V is available in the very small TSSOP-24 surface mount package. RSSI Comparator Data Comparator Therefore, the TK14551V is suitable for high-speed data communication and can be used for various applications. IF VCC IF INPUT (-) The TK14551V is a wide band IF IC capable of operating up to 90 MHz. It includes an FM demodulator, RSSI, RSSI comparator and data comparator. These functions can perform high-speed operations. The TK14551V has a unique function that allows establishing the demodulation characteristics by changing the external RC time constant, and not changing the phase shifter constant. The RSSI output is individually trimmed, resulting in excellent accuracy, good linearity, and stable temperature characteristics. Because the TK14551V includes a dual high-speed RSSI output, it is possible to demodulate AM simply and to sense the carrier level at the same time. ORDERING INFORMATION Demodulator January 2000 TOKO, Inc. RSSI BUFFERED OUTPUT-2 BUFF2 FM DEMODULATOR AMP OUTPUT GND IF VCC IF OUTPUT VCC FM DEMODULATOR AMP INPUT TL: Tape Left FM DEMODULATOR INPUT TAPE/REEL CODE IF DECOUPLE Tape/Reel Code IF DECOUPLE VCC VCC TK14551V Page 1 TK14551V ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Supply Voltage ........................................................... 6 V Operating Voltage Range .............................. 3.0 to 5.5 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 230 mW Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 °C Operating Temperature Range ...................-40 to +85 °C Operating Frequency Range ............ 0.1 to 90 MHz (typ.) TK14551V ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Test conditions: VCC = 3 V, TA = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL ICC MEASUREMENT POINT (NOTE 2) MIN TYP MAX UNITS Battery Save = OFF, Not including comparator output current. A1 6 10 15 mA Battery Save = ON, Not including comparator output current. A1 0.1 5.0 µA PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Supply Current VSON Battery Save On Voltage at Pin 21 for standby mode -0.1 0.2 VDC VSOFF Battery Save Off Voltage at Pin 21 for operation mode 2.0 VCC VDC -65 -59 dBm 100 160 mVrms 0.5 2.0 % FM DEMODULATION (fIN = 10.7 MHz) Limit Limiting Sensitivity VOUT(DET) Demodulation Output Voltage THD Distortion S/N Signal to Noise Ratio fDB1 Demodulating Frequency Band -3 dB Point, 1 kHz ± 100 kHz dev VA VA 1 kHz ± 100kHz dev, -20 dBm input Remove capacitor between Pin 8 and Pin 9. Standard measured value at 1 kHz 60 VA VA 55 65 dB VA 1 1.5 MHz Note 1: Power dissipation is 230 mW in free air. Derate at 1.84 mW/°C for operation above 25°C. Note 2: Refer to Test Circuit. Page 2 January 2000 TOKO, Inc. TK14551V TK14551V ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Test conditions: VCC = 3 V, TA = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified. MEASUREMENT POINT (NOTE 2) MIN TYP MAX UNITS No input, DC measurement VC 0.00 0.10 0.30 VDC -60 dBm nonmodulated input, DC measurement VC 0.30 0.45 0.60 VDC -30 dBm nonmodulated input, DC measurement VC 0.70 0.95 1.20 VDC 0 dBm nonmodulated input, DC measurement VC 1.05 1.35 1.65 VDC VOAM AM Demodulating Output Voltage fm = 2 MHz (sine wave), modulation = 80%, -40 dBm input VB 140 230 360 mVP-P VDAM AM Demodulating Output Voltage Deflection -60 ~ -15 dBm input, fm = 2 MHz (sine wave), modulation = 80% VB ±1.5 ±3 dB fDB2 Demodulating Frequency Band -6 dB point, modulation = 80%, Standard measured value at 100 kHz. VB SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS RSSI OUTPUT (fIN = 40 MHz) VRSSI RSSI Output Voltage 2 3 MHz RSSI COMPARATOR TR1 Rise Time TF1 Fall Time tPD1 Propagation Delay Time (Low to High) tPD2 Propagation Delay Time (High to Low) DR1 Duty Ratio ISINK1 Output Sink Current VOUTH1 Output Voltage High Level January 2000 TOKO, Inc. IF no input, Pin 19 Input = 1 VDC, Pin 20 Input = 100 kHz, 0.1 VP-P, Square Wave (Duty Ratio = 50%, TR, TF < 10 ns), DC Offset = 1 VDC VD 25 50 ns VD 15 30 ns VD 55 110 ns VD 55 110 ns 55 % VD 45 50 DC measurement, Output Saturation Voltage = 0.3 V A2 3.5 5.0 DC measurement VD 2.70 2.95 mA 3.00 VDC Page 3 TK14551V TK14551V ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Test conditions: VCC = 3 V, TA = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MEASUREMENT POINT (NOTE 2) MIN TYP MAX UNITS VD 0.00 0.30 0.45 VDC VE 55 110 ns VE 55 110 ns VE 25 50 ns VE 15 30 ns 55 % RSSI COMPARATOR (CONT.) VOUTL1 Output Voltage Low Level DC measurement, Output Sink Current = 5 mA DATA COMPARATOR tPD3 Propagation Delay Time (Low to High) tPD4 Propagation Delay Time (High to Low) TR2 Rise Time TF2 Fall Time DR2 Duty Ratio ISINK2 Output Sink Current VOUTH2 VOUTL2 Input: DC Offset = 1 VDC, 2 MHz, 0.2 VP-P, Square Wave (Duty Ratio = 50%, TR, TF < 10 ns) Input: DC Offset = 1 VDC, 2 MHz, 0.2 VP-P, Sine Wave VE 45 50 DC measurement, Output Saturation Voltage = 0.3 V A3 3.5 5.0 Output Voltage High Level DC measurement VE 2.70 2.95 3.00 VDC Output Voltage Low Level DC measurement, Output Sink Current = 5 mA VE 0.00 0.30 0.45 VDC mA RSSI BUFFER AMPLIFIER 2 IOUT Output Current DC measurement A4 ±200 µA ZOUT Output Impedance DC measurement VB 130 Ω Page 4 January 2000 TOKO, Inc. TK14551V TEST CIRCUIT PG1 100 kHz DC = 1.0 V PG1 100 mVP-P 50 V4 = 1 V TR, TF < 10 ns V5 = 1 V SW3 SW4 V3 = 0.9 V SW2 Comp VCC 5.6 K V1 = 0.2 V SW1 CL1 10 pF V2 = 2.0 V SG1 50 ~ CL2 10 pF 1k 1k 2200 pF 100 pF 5.6 K =3V SW6 VD SW5 2200 pF 10 µF 0.01 µF A2 A3 V6 = 3V V7 = 3V VE VC 51 SG1 FM: 10.7 MHz 1 KHz ± 100 K dev NOTE: CL1 and CL2 simulate probe capacitance and stray capacitance. AM: 40.0 MHz 2 MHz 80% mod VD and VE are measured with low capacitance FET probe (Sony Tektronix P6201). 1pF 22 K SW7 2200 pF 2200 pF T1 SW9 SW8 1000 pF SW10 0.01 µF 0.01 µF SG2 2 MHz 200mVP-P Sine Wave DC = 1.0 V 50 3K SG2 1000 pF FM IF Coil T1: 836BH-0268 (TOKO) 0.01 µF 2.2 K 0.01 µF VA ~ 3K 10 k 10 µF A1 VB A4 V11 = 0.5 V VCC V8 47 µF V9 =1V V10 = 0.9 V VCC = 3 V Example of 40 MHz (= fIN) FM detection 56 k 1 pF 2.2 k 1000 pF 22 pF VCC A638AN-1346ETJ (TOKO) January 2000 TOKO, Inc. Page 5 TK14551V TEST CIRCUIT (CONT.) Measurement of Battery Save Function: Battery Save ON: SW1 = 0.2 V position Battery Save OFF: SW1 = 2 V position Measurement of Comparator: SW3 is closed only for the measurement of the RSSI comparator response characteristics and output sink current, supplying 1 VDC to Pin 19. PG1 is connected only for the measurement of the RSSI comparator response. Input the pulse wave to Pin 20, and measure the output wave (VD) of Pin 16. ISINK1 (RSSI Comparator Output Current): No IF input. SW2 = V3 position (supplying 0.9 V to Pin 20). SW3 = ON (supplying 1 V to Pin 19). SW5 = V6 position (supplying 3 V to Pin16). Measure the DC current to Pin 16 from V6. ISINK2 (Data Comparator Output Current): SW9 = V9 position(supplying 1 V Pin 11). SW10 = V10 position (supplying 0.9 V to Pin 12). SW6 = V7 position (supplying 3 V to Pin 13). Measure the DC current to Pin 13 from V7. Measurement of TR, TF, tPD (RSSI Comparator, Data Comparator): RSSI Comparator: No IF input. SW2 = PG1 position. SW3 = ON (supplying 1 V to Pin 19). SW5 = VD position. Measure the output wave (VD). Data Comparator: SW9 = 3 kΩ position. SW10 = 3 kΩ position. SW6 = VE position. Measure the output wave (VE). TR, TF: Measure the time between the 10% point and the 90% point of the output wave. tPD: Measure the time between the 50% point of the input wave and the 50% point of the output wave. Measurement of the Logarithmic Detection of RSSI Output: SW7 = OFF. SW8 = VB position. Input AM modulation signal SG1(fIN = 40 MHz, fm = 2 MHz, mod. = 80%, VIN = -60, -40, -15 dBm) to Pin 24. Measure the logarithmic detection output voltage of Pin 10. The AM demodulating output voltage deflection is standardizing the AM demodulating output voltage in the case of -40 dBm input, and calculated by the deflection by AM demodulating output voltage in the case of -60, -15 dBm input. The measurement of demodulating frequency band is standardizing the AM demodulating output voltage of Pin 10 in the case that VIN = -40 dBm, fIN = 40 MHz, fm = 100 kHz and 80% AM modulating output voltage at Pin 10, comparing it to the standard output voltage. Measurement of Output Current of RSSI Buffer Amplifier 2: SW7 = OFF. SW8 = V8 position. No IF input. SW4 = ON (supplying 1 V to Pin 18). Measure the DC current (A4) between V8 and Pin 10 in the case of V8 = 3 V, 0 V. Measurement of Output Impedance of RSSI Buffer Amplifier 2: No IF input. SW8 = VB position. SW4 = ON (supplying 1 V to Pin 18). At first, SW7 = OFF and measure the DC current (VB1) of Pin 10. Next, SW7 = ON and measure the DC current (VB8) of Pin 10. The output impedance (ZOUT) is calculated by the following: ZOUT (Ω) = 10 k • ((VB1 - VB2)/(VB2 - 0.5)) Page 6 January 2000 TOKO, Inc. TK14551V PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION PIN NO. SYMBOL TERMINAL VOLTAGE 1 IF DECOUPLE 1.8 V 2 IF DECOUPLE 1.8 V 23 IF INPUT (+) 1.8 V 24 IF INPUT (-) 1.8 V INTERNAL EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Pin 1,2: The terminal to connect the bypass capacitor of the IF limiter amplifier. IF V CC 1.5 k 1.5 k 50 k 50 k Pin 23: IF Limiter Amplifier Non-inverting Input. Pin 24: IF Limiter Amplifier Inverting Input. 3 IF OUTPUT 2.0 V IF VCC IF Limiter Amplifier Output. 1k 4 IF DEMODULATOR INPUT 3.0 V 5 IF VCC 3.0 V 6 GND 0V 7 VCC January 2000 TOKO, Inc. 3.0 V IF VCC FM Detector Input. Connection for the phase shift circuit. Power supply terminal of IF limiter amplifier, RSSI buffer amplifier-2 and FM detector GND Terminal Power supply terminal of RSSI buffer amplifier1, RSSI comparator, and data comparator Page 7 TK14551V PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION (CONT.) PIN NO. 8 SYMBOL FM DEMODULATOR AMP INPUT 9 TERMINAL VOLTAGE 1.4 V INTERNAL EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Pin 8: FM Detector Post Amplifier Input. IF VCC 1.4 V Pin 9: FM Detector Post Amplifier Output. FM DEMODULATOR AMP OUTPUT 1.4 V 10 RSSI BUFFERED OUTPUT-2 11 DATA COMP INPUT (-) 12 DATA COMP INPUT (+) 13 14 IF VCC IF VCC Pin 11: Data Comparator Inverting Input. Pin 12: Data Comparator Non-inverting Input. DATA COMP OUTPUT DATA COMP GND RSSI Buffer Amplifier-2 Output. IF VCC Pin 13: Data Comparator Output. The output circuit is open collector. 0V Pin 14: The terminal to terminate the data comparator output. Page 8 January 2000 TOKO, Inc. TK14551V PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION (CONT.) PIN NO. 15 SYMBOL RSSI COMP GND TERMINAL VOLTAGE INTERNAL EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT 0V IF VCC 16 RSSI COMP OUTPUT 17 RSSI BUFFERED OUTPUT-1 18 RSSI OUTPUT-2 19 RSSI OUTPUT-1 20 RSSI COMP BIAS January 2000 TOKO, Inc. DESCRIPTION Pin 15: The terminal to terminate the RSSI comparator output. Pin 16: RSSI Comparator Output. The output circuit is open collector. IF VCC VCC IF VCC IF VCC RSSI Buffer Amplifier-1 Output. Pin 18, 19: RSSI Output. These terminals are current outputs, converted to a voltage by connecting the external resistor between the output terminals and GND. RSSI Comparator Non-inverting Input. Supply the reference voltage. Page 9 TK14551V PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION (CONT.) PIN NO. 21 SYMBOL BATTERY SAVE TERMINAL VOLTAGE INTERNAL EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Battery Save Control. VBS 100 k 100 k Battery Save OFF: VBS = 1.5 V to VCC Battery Save ON: VBS < 0.3 V 22 IF GND Page 10 0V GND Terminal January 2000 TOKO, Inc. TK14551V TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified. 16 -40 12 AM OUT (30% mod.) -60 8 N -80 4 fin = 40 MHz fm = 1 kHz dev. = ±100 kHz -20 12 AM OUT (30% mod.) -60 8 -80 0 -100 -120 -100 -80 -60 20 0 -40 -20 0 20 IF INPUT LEVEL (dBm) IF INPUT LEVEL (dBm) RSSI BUFFER OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. IF INPUT LEVEL (VCC CHARACTERISTICS) RSSI BUFFER OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. IF INPUT LEVEL (FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS) RSSI BUFFER OUTPUT 1 (VDC) fin = 40 MHz 1.6 1.2 VCC 5.5 V 5.0 V 4.0 V 3.0 V 0.8 0.4 -20 0 2.0 VCC = 3 V 1.6 1.2 fin 40 MHz 70 MHz 90 MHz 0.8 0.4 0.0 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 20 -20 0 20 IF INPUT LEVEL (dBm) IF INPUT LEVEL (dBm) LOGARITHMIC DETECTION AM DEMODULATION VOLTAGE VS. IF INPUT LEVEL LOGARITHMIC DETECTION AM DEMODULATION VOLTAGE VS. DEMODULATING FREQUENCY 1000 RSSI BUFFER OUTPUT 2 (mVP-P) RSSI BUFFER OUTPUT 1 (VDC) -40 -20 0.0 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 RSSI BUFFER OUTPUT 2 (mVP-P) 4 N THD 0 2.0 300 16 -40 THD -100 -120 -100 -80 -60 500 S+N VCC = 3 V fin = 40 MHz fm = 2 MHz mod = 80% 100 50 30 10 -120 -100 -80 THD (%) S+N S+N, N, AM OUT (dBV) -20 fin = 10.7 MHz fm = 1 kHz dev. = ±100 kHz FM DEMODULATION S+N, N, THD, AM OUT (fin = 40 MHz) 20 0 VCC = 3 V THD (%) S+N, N, AM OUT (dBV) FM DEMODULATION S+N, N, THD, AM OUT (fin = 10.7 MHz) 20 0 VCC = 3 V -60 -40 -20 IF INPUT LEVEL (dBm) January 2000 TOKO, Inc. 0 20 1000 500 300 100 50 30 10 10k VCC = 3 V fin = 40 MHz mod = 80% 30k 100k 300k 1M 3M 10M MODULATING FREQUENCY fm (Hz) Page 11 TK14551V TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.) TA = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified. SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 100 20 VCC = 3 V 16 80 ICC (mA) 60 40 8 4 20 0 0 1 3 5 10 30 50 2 100 5 6 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE RSSI BUFFER OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE RSSI BUFFER OUTPUT 1 (VDC) 12 8 4 2.0 V 1.6 =3V CC fin = 40 MHz 0 dBm input 1.2 -30 dBm input 0.8 -60 dBm input 0.4 -90 dBm input 0.0 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 -40 -20 80 1.2 TEMP. (°C) 85 50 25 0 -20 -40 0.4 0.0 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 20 40 60 80 LOGARITHMIC DETECTION AM DEMODULATION VOLTAGE, AM DEMODULATION OUTPUT vs. TEMPERATURE 400 AM DEMODULATING OUTPUT VOLTAGE (mVP-P) RSSI BUFFER OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. IF INPUT LEVEL (TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS) 2.0 VCC = 3 V fin = 40 MHz 1.6 0.8 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) RSSI BUFFER OUTPUT 1 (VDC) 4 VCC (VDC) 16 V =3V CC fin = 40 MHz fm = 2 MHz mod. = 80% Vin = -40 dBm 300 AM Demodulating Output Voltage 200 0 20 8 6 4 AM Demodulating Output Voltage Deflection 100 2 0 -20 IF INPUT LEVEL (dBm) Page 12 3 INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz) 20 ICC (mA) 12 AM DEMODULATING OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEFLECTION(dB) IF LIMITING AMPLIFIER GAIN (dB) IF LIMITING AMPLIFIER GAIN vs. INPUT FREQUENCY 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE (°C) January 2000 TOKO, Inc. TK14551V TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.) TA = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified. FM DEMODULATION DEMODULATION OUTPUT VOLTAGE, TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION vs. TEMPERATURE 200 5 8 6 V =3V CC fin = 40 MHz fm = 2 MHz mod. = 80% Vin = -40 dBm AM Demodulating Output Voltage Deflection 100 4 2 0 3 4 5 2 0 0 -40 -20 6 S/N (dB) -40 -50 S/N -60 60 -3 dB Limit. Sens. 40 -70 -80 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 160 -40 -50 S/N (dB) S/N -60 60 50 -70 -3 dB Limit. Sens. 40 -80 4 5 VCC (VDC) January 2000 TOKO, Inc. 4 3 80 2 40 1 THD 0 0 3 4 5 6 DATA COMPARATOR TRANSIENT RESPONSE (RISE) -3 dB LIMITING SENSITIVITY (dBm) =3V CC fin = 10.7 MHz fm = 1 kHz dev. = ±100 kHz 3 80 VCC (VDC) V 2 60 VOUT 120 2 FM DEMODULATION S/N, -3 dB LIMITING SENSITIVITY vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 70 40 V =3V CC fin = 10.7 MHz fm = 1 kHz dev. = ±100 kHz TEMPERATURE (°C) 80 20 FM DEMODULATION DEMODULATION OUTPUT VOLTAGE, TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 200 5 VOUT (mVrms) =3V CC fin = 10.7 MHz fm = 1 kHz dev. = ±100 kHz -3 dB LIMITING SENSITIVITY (dBm) V 50 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) FM DEMODULATION S/N, -3 dB LIMITING SENSITIVITY vs. TEMPERATURE 70 1 THD VCC (VDC) 80 3 80 40 0 2 VOUT 120 4 THD (%) 200 V =3V CC fin = 10.7 MHz fm = 1 kHz dev. = ±100 kHz 160 VOUT (mVrms) AM Demodulating Output Voltage 300 AM DEMODULATING OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEFLECTION (dB) AM DEMODULATING OUTPUT VOLTAGE (mVP-P) 400 THD (%) LOGARITHMIC DETECTION AM DEMODULATION VOLTAGE, AM DEMODULATION OUTPUT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE VCC = 3 V OUT (1V/div) IN (0.1V/div) 6 20 ns/div Page 13 TK14551V TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.) TA = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified. DATA COMPARATOR TRANSIENT RESPONSE (FALL) DATA COMPARATOR OUTPUT DUTY RATIO vs. INPUT VOLTAGE 100 V CC =3V VCC = 3 V fin = 2 MHz 80 DUTY (%) OUT (1V/div) 60 40 IN (0.1V/div) 20 0 0 100 20 ns/div 200 300 400 VIN (mVP-P) FM DEMODULATION FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS S CURVE CHARACTERISTICS 2.0 V V =3V CC = -20 dBm 1 pF VOUT (VDC) IN 22 k 1.6 RD = 1 k 1.2 RD C VCC 836BH-0268 (TOKO) RD = 2.2 k 0.8 9.9 10.3 10.7 11.1 11.5 IF INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz) DEMODULATION OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. DEMODULTING FREQUENCY RD = 2.2 kΩ DEMODULATION OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. DEMODULTING FREQUENCY RD = 1.0 kΩ 2 2 0 dB = 104.4 mVrms -2 C = 330 pF C = 1000 pF -6 -8 VCC = 3 V fin = 10.7 MHz dev. = 100 kHz -10 -12 1k 3k 10k C= 10 pF 30k 100k 300k 1M MODULATING FREQUENCY fm (Hz) Page 14 -4 C = 330 pF C = 1000 pF -6 -8 C= 47 pF C = none 0 VOUT (dB) VOUT (dB) -2 -4 0 dB = 30.7 mVrms C = none 0 VCC = 3 V fin = 10.7 MHz dev. = 100 kHz -10 -12 1k 3k 10k C= 10 pF C= 47 pF 30k 100k 300k 1M MODULATING FREQUENCY fm (Hz) January 2000 TOKO, Inc. TK14551V TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.) TA = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified. ASK Demodulation Output Wave, Effect of Inserting Active Filter Condition: VCC = 3 V, fin = 40 MHz, fm = 2 MHz (sine wave), mod. = 80%, VIN = -40 dBm Without Active Filter With Active Filter (fc = 3 MHz) Test Circuit Test Circuit 3k 1000 pF 3k 10 pF 3k 1k 3k 1k 1000 pF 33 pF 10 pF COMP VCC COMP VCC 2.2 k 2.2 k 15 pF RSSI Buffer Out 2 (0.1V/div) RSSI Buffer Out 2 (0.1V/div) Data Comparator Out (1V/div) Data Comparator Out (1V/div) 0.2 µs/div January 2000 TOKO, Inc. 0.2 µs/div Page 15 TK14551V TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.) TA = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified. RSSI Buffer Output (Pin 17) Transient Response (IF Input ON/OFF) RSSI BUFFERED OUTPUT-1 C 5.6 k Condition VCC = 3 V fin = 40 MHz • C = 100 pF 0 dBm input -30 dBm input -60 dBm input RSSI BUFFERED OUTPUT-1 (0.5V/div) SG GATE PULSE (1V/div) 2 µs/div 2 µs/div • C = 1000 pF 0 dBm input -30 dBm input -60 dBm input RSSI BUFFERED OUTPUT-1 (0.5V/div) SG GATE PULSE (1V/div) 5 µs/div 5 µs/div • C = 0.01 µF 0 dBm input -30 dBm input -60 dBm input RSSI BUFFERED OUTPUT-1 (0.5V/div) SG GATE PULSE (1V/div) 50 µs/div Page 16 50 µs/div January 2000 TOKO, Inc. TK14551V TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.) TA = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified. RSSI Buffer Output-1 (Pin 17) Transient Response (Battery Save ON OFF) RSSI BUFFERED OUTPUT-1 C 5.6 k Condition VCC = 3 V fin = 40 MHz • C = 100 pF 0 dBm input -30 dBm input -60 dBm input RSSI BUFFERED OUTPUT-1 (0.5V/div) Battery Save (1V/div) 2 µs/div • C = 1000 pF 0 dBm input -30 dBm input -60 dBm input RSSI BUFFERED OUTPUT-1 (0.5V/div) Battery Save (1V/div) 5 µs/div • C = 0.01 µF 0 dBm input -30 dBm input -60 dBm input RSSI BUFFERED OUTPUT-1 (0.5V/div) Battery Save (1V/div) 50 µs/div January 2000 TOKO, Inc. Page 17 TK14551V APPLICATION NOTES If the input is FM or FSK modulation, whether the IF input is a balanced or an unbalanced input, there is no problem. But, if the input is ASK modulation and the IF input is a balanced input, the Bit Error Rate (BER) may be high. Therefore, if the input is ASK modulation, the IF input must be an unbalanced input. If the input is an unbalanced input as shown below, do not terminate Pin 1 (do not connect the bypass capacitor between Pin 1 and GND). If Pin 23 is the input do not terminate Pin 2. do not terminate 50 1.5 k 50 k 1.5 k 50 k ~ Page 18 January 2000 TOKO, Inc. TK14551V CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION IF Limiter Amplifier: The IF limiter amplifier is composed of four differential gain stages. The total gain of the IF limiter amplifier is about 64 dB. The output signal of the IF limiter amplifier is provided at Pin 3 through the emitter-follower output stage. The IF limiter amplifier output level is 0.5 VP-P. The operating current of the IF limiter amplifier emitter-follower output is 550 µA. If the capacitive load is heavy, the negative half cycle of the output waveform may be distorted. This distortion can be reduced by connecting an external resistor between Pin 3 and GND to increase the operating current. The increased operating current by using an external resistor is calculated as follows (see Figure 1): VCC IF OUTPUT 550 µA Re Ie FIGURE 1 The increased operating current Ie (mA) = (VCC - 1.0)/Re (kΩ). Because the IF input is a balanced input, it is easy to match a SAW filter, etc. If the IF input is an unbalanced input, connect Pin 23 or 24 with a bypass capacitor to ground. The input resistance of the IF limiter amplifier is 1.5 kΩ (see Figure 2). If the impedance of the filter is lower than 1.5 kΩ, connect an external resistor between Pin 24 and Pin 2 or between Pin 23 and Pin 1 in parallel to provide the equivalent load impedance of the filter. Figure 2 shows an example of a filter with a 330 Ω impedance. 23, 24 1.5 K 330 1, 2 FIGURE 2 January 2000 TOKO, Inc. Page 19 TK14551V CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION The input impedance of the IF limiter amplifier (between Pin 23, 24 and GND) is as follows: FREQUENCY (MHz) |S11| ∠φ Zin [ Ω ] (series impedance) 30 0.932 -3.4 831-j701 40 0.928 -4.2 683-j667 50 0.930 -5.2 538-j672 60 0.939 -7.6 294-j613 70 0.933 -8.0 285-j574 80 0.926 -8.3 287-j537 90 0.920 -9.2 255-j490 100 0.916 -10.0 230-j450 S11 + j50 + j150 + j25 + j200 + j300 + j100 + j500 + j100 + j75 + j50 + j10 0 + j250 10 25 50 100 250 0 - j250 - j10 175 250 400 850 S11 30 MHz magnified S11 - j50 - j75 100 MHz - j100 - j25 - j500 - j100 - j150 - j50 Page 20 - j200 - j300 January 2000 TOKO, Inc. TK14551V CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION RSSI, RSSI Buffer Amplifier: Because the RSSI output of this product is a dual output, it has various uses. Because it includes a dual high-speed RSSI output, it is possible to sense the carrier level and to demodulate AM at the same time. The RSSI output is a current output. It converts to a voltage by an external resistor between Pin 28,19 and GND. The time constant of the RSSI output is determined by the product of the external converting resistor and parallel capacitor. When the time constant is longer, the RSSI output is more immune to disturbances or the component of amplitude modulation, but the RSSI output response is lower. Determine the external resistor and capacitor with this in mind. It is possible to modify the slope of the RSSI curve characteristic by changing the external resistor. In this case, the maximum range of converted RSSI output voltage is GND level to about VCC - 0.2 V (the supply voltage minus the collector saturation voltage of the output transistor). In addition, it is possible to modify the temperature characteristic of the RSSI output voltage by changing the temperature characteristic of the external resistor. Normally, the temperature characteristic of the RSSI output voltage is very stable when using a carbon resistor or metal film resistor with a temperature characteristic of 0 to 200 ppm/ °C. This product is very accurate, because the RSSI characteristic is trimmed individually. Both systems of RSSI output are connected to individual buffer amplifiers with an internal gain of 1. Therefore, even if the load impedance is heavy, it is possible to take out the RSSI output signal from the buffer amplifier output. The maximum input and output level of this buffer amplifier is VCC - 1.0 V. VCC OUTPUT CURRENT 18, 19 RSSI- OUT Current-to-Voltage Transformation Resistor FIGURE 3 - RSSI OUTPUT STAGE AM Demodulation by Using the RSSI Output: Although the distortion of the RSSI output is high because it is a logarithmic detection of the envelope to the IF input, AM can be demodulated simply by using the RSSI output. In this case, the input dynamic range that can demodulate AM is the inside of the linear portion of the RSSI curve characteristic (see Figure 4). This method does not have a feedback loop to control the gain because an AGC amplifier is not necessary (unlike the popularly used AM demodulation method). Therefore, it is a very useful application for some uses because it doesn’t have the response time problem. January 2000 TOKO, Inc. Page 21 TK14551V CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Figure 4 shows the AM demodulated waveform. RSSI-OUT (V) Operating Condition: VCC = 3 V, fin = 40 MHz, fm = 2 MHz, Mod = ±80%, VIN = -40 dBm AM can be demodulated inside of linear range 50 mV/div 0.2 µs/div RF INPUT - LEVEL (dBu) FIGURE 4 -AM DEMODULATED WAVEFORM If it is necessary to improve the distortion of the AM demodulated waveform of logarithmic detection, connect a low pass filter to the RSSI buffer amplifier output. Figure 5 shows the AM demodulated waveform with a low pass filter inserted. TEST CIRCUIT Operating Condition: VCC = 3 V, fin = 40 MHz, fm = 2 MHz, Mod = ±80%, VIN = -40 dBm 3k C 3k 1k 33 pF 50 mV/div 0.2 µs/div 10 pF COMP VCC 2.2 k 2.2 k 15 pF fc = 3 MHz FIGURE 5 Page 22 January 2000 TOKO, Inc. TK14551V CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION FM Detector: The FM detector is included in the quadrature FM detector using a Gilbert multiplier. It is suitable for high speed data communication because the demodulation bandwidth is over 1 MHz. The phase shifter is connected between Pin 3 (IF limiter output) and Pin 4 (input detector). Any available phase shifter can be used: a LC resonance circuit, a ceramic discriminator, a delay line, etc. Figure 6 shows the internal equivalent circuit of the detector. VCC VCC QA VCC QB multiplier core circuit FIGURE 6 - DETECTOR INTERNAL EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT The signal from the phase shifter is applied to the multiplier (in the dotted line) through emitter-follower stage QA. When the phase shifter is connected between pin 3 and pin 4, note that the bias voltage to pin 4 should be provided from an external source because pin 4 is only connected to the base of QA. Because the base of QB (at the opposite side) is connected with the supply voltage, Pin 4 has to be biased with the equivalent voltage. Using an LC resonance circuit is not a problem (see Figure 7). However, when using a ceramic discriminator, it is necessary to pay attention to bias. If there is a difference of the base voltages, the DC voltages of the multiplier do not balance. It alters the DC zero point or worsens the distortion of demodulation output. The Pin 4 input level should be saturated at the multiplier; if this level is lower, it is easy to disperse the modulation output. Therefore, to have stable operation, Pin 4 should be higher than 100 mVP-P. The following figures show examples of the phase shifter. Rz is the characteristic impedance VCC VCC VCC Rz Rz Delay Line LC resonance circuit ceramic discriminator delay line FIGURE 7 - EXAMPLES OF PHASE SHIFTERS January 2000 TOKO, Inc. Page 23 TK14551V CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Establishing Demodulation Characteristics: Generally, demodulation characteristics of FM detectors are determined by the external phase shifter. However, this product has a unique function which can optionally establish the demodulation characteristics by the time constant of the circuit parts after demodulation. The following explains this concept. Figure 8 shows the internal equivalent circuit of the detector output stage. The multiplier output current of the detector is converted to a voltage by the internal OP AMP. The characteristic of this stage is determined by converting the current to voltage with resistor R0 and the capacitor C0 connected between Pin 8 and Pin 9 (see Figure 8). In other words, the slope of the S-curve characteristic can be established optionally with resistor R0 without changing the constant of the phase shifter. The demodulated bandwidth can be established optionally by the time constant of this external resistor R0 and capacitor C0 inside of a bandwidth of the IF-filter and phase shifter. Figure 9 shows an example of this characteristic. Vref The -3 dB frequency Fc is calculated by the following: I to V convertor Fc = io R0 Demodulated Output Current Demodulated Output Voltage VOUT C0 1 2 π C0R0 The S-curve output voltage is calculated by the following as centering around the internal reference voltage Vref: VOUT = Vref ± io X R0 Where Vref = 1.4 V, maximum of current io = ±100 µA FIGURE 8 - INTERNAL EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF DETECTOR OUTPUT STAGE 2 0 dB = 30.7 mVrms C = none 0 VOUT (dB) -2 -4 C = 330 pF C = 1000 pF -6 -8 VCC = 3 V fin = 10.7 MHz dev. = 100 kHz -10 -12 1k 3k 10k C= 10 pF C= 47 pF Operating Condition: Measured by the standard test circuit. Parallel resistor to phase shift coil = 1 kΩ. fIN = 10.7 MHz, modulation = ±100 kHz. External capacitance C0 = 0 ~ 1000 pF. 30k 100k 300k 1M MODULATING FREQUENCY fm (Hz) FIGURE 9 - EXAMPLE: BAND WIDTH OF DEMODULATION VS. TIME CONSTANT CHARACTERISTIC Page 24 January 2000 TOKO, Inc. TK14551V CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Center Voltage of Detector DC Output: The center voltage of the detector DC output is determined by the internal reference voltage source. It is impossible to change this internal reference voltage source, but it is possible to change the center voltage by the following method. As illustrated in Figure 10, the demodulated output current at Pin 8 is converted to the voltage by an external resistor R1, without using the internal OP AMP. Figure 11 shows an example of a simple circuit that divides the supply voltage into halves using resistors. Since both circuits have a high output impedance, an external buffer amplifier should be connected. Vref I to V convertor io Demodulated Output Current VB R1 C1 Demodulated Output Voltage VOUT Demodulated Output Voltage VOUT = VB ± R1 x io Demodulated Bandwidth Fc = 1 2 π C1(1/gm) 1/gm is approximately 50 kΩ which is the output resistance of the multiplier. Pin 9 is disconnected. FIGURE 10 - EXAMPLE OF USING EXTERNAL REFERENCE SOURCE VCC Demodulated Output Voltage VOUT R1 R2 C1 Demodulated Output Voltage VOUT = VCC/ 2 ± R1 x io Demodulated Bandwidth Fc = 1 2 π C1(1/gm) 1/gm is approximately 50 kΩ, which is the output resistance of the multiplier. Pin 9 is disconnected. FIGURE 11 - EXAMPLE OF DIVIDING SUPPLY VOLTAGE INTO HALVES BY RESISTORS January 2000 TOKO, Inc. Page 25 TK14551V CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION RSSI Comparator, Data Comparator: The TK14551V contains a general purpose high speed data comparator and RSSI comparator for the base band processing. Because the input stage is composed of PNP transistors, it is possible to operate from a minimum voltage of 0.1 V to the supply voltage - 1.0 V (see Figure 12). Moreover, since the HFE of this PNP transistor is over 100, the bias current is below 0.01 µA (this is below the value of the competitors products which typically use a lateral PNP transistor at the input stage). INPUT STAGE FIGURE 12 - COMPARATOR INPUT STAGE Figure 13 shows the internal equivalent circuit of the comparator output stage. Because the comparator output is an open collector, it is suitable for many interface levels. This open collector output is connected with an electrostatic discharge protection diode at the GND side only; it is not connected with it at the power supply side in consideration of operating the voltage over the supply voltage of this IC. When the collector pull-up resistor value is low, high operating currents result. To prevent interference to the other circuitry, the emitters of the output transistors are brought out independently at Pins 14 and 15. Pins 14 and 15 are not connected with the substrate and other GNDs internal to the IC. Therefore, when operating these comparators, these terminals must be connected to GND. When these comparators are operating at high speed, the etch pattern of Pins 13, 14, 15, and 16 (comparator output stages) should not be run close to the etch pattern of Pins 23 and 24 (IF inputs). The switching waveforms of the comparator outputs may have an effect on the IF inputs and may add noise to the zero crossing of the demodulated waveform, resulting in cross over distortion. VCC 13, 16 VCC COMPARATOR OUTPUT STAGE 14, 15 FIGURE 13 - COMPARATOR OUTPUT STAGE Because the negative input of the RSSI comparator is connected to the RSSI buffer amplifier output-1 internally, it is used for carrier sensing. The data comparator is used for the data shaper. Page 26 January 2000 TOKO, Inc. TK14551V CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Battery Save Function: Pin 21 is the control terminal for the battery save function. The ON/OFF operation of the whole IC can be switched by controlling the DC voltage at this terminal. Figure 14 shows the internal equivalent circuit of Pin 21. Because it switches the bias circuit of the whole IC using the transistor in standby mode, it reduces the supply current to near zero. As the input terminal is connected with an electrostatic discharge protection diode at GND side only, it is possible to control the voltage above the supply voltage. It is possible to go into standby mode by disconnecting Pin 21, but it is not recommended because Pin 21 is a high impedance and may malfunction from an external disturbance. When Pin 21 is disconnected, a suitable capacitor should be connected between Pin 21 and GND. VCC BIAS 50 K 21 Vs FIGURE 14 - BATTERY SAVE Application of ASK(Amplitude Shift Keying) Demodulation: Figure 15 shows an example application of ASK demodulation. If the application circuit is like Figure 15, the transient response time is long because of the time constant of the rectifier (Pin 12) of the data comparator input. On the other hand, if the circuit construction between the RSSI buffer amplifier output-2 (Pin 10) and the data comparator input is Figure 16, the transient response time is shortened. Since the demodulation is a logarithmic detection using the RSSI output, the demodulated wave of the RSSI buffer amplifier output-2 is distorted making the duty ratio of the data comparator output worse. The output duty ratio may be improved by adding the offset DC voltage (Vs) to the DC voltage of Pin 11 of the data comparator input. Vs is established at a few tens of mV. But, as the demodulation level of the RSSI buffer amplifier output-2 is changed by the dispersion, it is best to control Vs by a variable resistor, etc. It is possible to substitute the variable resistor for Vs. January 2000 TOKO, Inc. Page 27 TK14551V CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 0.01 µF 1k B.S. = 1.5 V SG1 50 ~ Comp VCC =3V 10 µF 1k 5.6 K 2200 pF 5.6 K 2200 pF 100 pF 51 BIAS IF AMP RSSI VCC VCC 330 pF 2200 pF 0.01 µF 0.01 µF 2200 pF 3K 3K 0.01 µF 10 µF 0.01 µF VCC = 3 V 47 µF FIGURE 15 0.01 µF 1k B.S. = 1.5 V SG1 50 ~ Comp VCC =3V 10 µF 1k 5.6 K 2200 pF 5.6 K 2200 pF 100 pF 51 BIAS IF AMP RSSI VCC VCC VCC 2200 pF 2200 pF 0.01 µF 0.01 µF VCC 100 pF 100 K 100 K 0.01 µF 0.01 µF 10 µF Vs 47 µF VCC = 3 V FIGURE 16 Page 28 January 2000 TOKO, Inc. TK14551V TEST BOARD L1 C1= 2200 pF, C2 = 10 µF, C3 = 0.01 µF, C4 = 1 pF, C5 = 1000 pF, C6 = 100 pF R1 = 50 Ω, R2 = 2.2 kΩ, R3 = 22 kΩ, R4 = 1 kΩ, R5 = 5.6 kΩ L1 = 10 µH, L2 = 836BH-0268 (TOKO) January 2000 TOKO, Inc. Page 29 TK14551V NOTES Page 30 January 2000 TOKO, Inc. TK14551V NOTES January 2000 TOKO, Inc. Page 31 TK14551V PACKAGE OUTLINE Marking Information TSSOP-24 TK14551V 14551 1.0 0.35 Marking 13 4.8 24 4.4 AAAAA YYY e 0.65 Recommended Mount Pad 1 12 +0.15 -0.15 0.50 e 0.65 0.15 0 ~ 0.15 0.9 1.2 max 7.8 0 ~ 10 Lot. No. +0.15 0.25 -0.15 0.1 6.4 0.12 + 0.3 M Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = ± 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified) Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864 TOKO AMERICA REGIONAL OFFICES Midwest Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 1250 Feehanville Drive Mount Prospect, IL 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864 Western Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 2480 North First Street , Suite 260 San Jose, CA 95131 Tel: (408) 432-8281 Fax: (408) 943-9790 Eastern Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 107 Mill Plain Road Danbury, CT 06811 Tel: (203) 748-6871 Fax: (203) 797-1223 Semiconductor Technical Support Toko Design Center 4755 Forge Road Colorado Springs, CO 80907 Tel: (719) 528-2200 Fax: (719) 528-2375 Visit our Internet site at http://www.tokoam.com The information furnished by TOKO, Inc. is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, TOKO reserves the right to make changes or improvements in the design, specification or manufacture of its products without further notice. TOKO does not assume any liability arising from the application or use of any product or circuit described herein, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from the use of its products. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of TOKO, Inc. Page 32 © 1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved January 2000 TOKO, Inc. IC-119-TK119xx 0798O0.0K Printed in the USA