TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 2 TM 1.5A/4.1A Multiple LED Camera Flash Driver With I C Compatible Interface FEATURES DESCRIPTION • The TPS6132x device is based on a high-frequency synchronous boost topology with constant current sinks to drive up to three white LEDs in parallel (445mA/890mA/445mA maximum flash current). The extended high-current mode (HC_SEL) allows up to 1025mA/2050mA/1025mA flash current out of the storage capacitor. 1 23 • • • • • • • • • • • • • Four Operational Modes – DC Light and Flashlight – Voltage Regulated Converter: 3.8V...5.7V – Standby: 2mA (typ.) Storage Capacitor Friendly Solution Automatic VF and ESR Calibration Power-Save Mode for Improved Efficiency at Low Output Power, Up to 95% Efficiency Output Voltage Remains Regulated When Input Voltage Exceeds Nominal Output Voltage I2C Compatible Interface up to 3.4Mbits/s Dual Wire Camera Module Interface Zero Latency Tx-Masking Input LED Temperature Monitoring Privacy Indicator LED Output Integrated LED Safety Timer GPIO/Flash Ready Output Total Solution Size of Less Than 25 mm2 (<1mm height) Available in a 20-Pin NanoFree™ (CSP) APPLICATIONS • • Single/Dual/Triple White LED Flashlight Supply for Cell Phones and Smart-Phones LED Based Xenon "Killer" Flashlight The high-capacity storage capacitor on the output of the boost regulator provides the high-peak flash LED current, thereby reducing the peak current demand from the battery to a minimum. The 2-MHz switching frequency allows the use of small and low profile 2.2mH inductors. To optimize overall efficiency, the device operates with a 400mV LED feedback voltage. The TPS6132x device not only operates as a regulated current source, but also as a standard voltage boost regulator. The device keeps the output voltage regulated even when the input voltage exceeds the nominal output voltage. The device enters power-save mode operation at light load currents to maintain high efficiency over the entire load current range. To simplify DC light and flashlight synchronization with the camera module, the device offers a dedicated control interface (STRB0, STRB1) for zero latency LED turn-on time. TPS61325 L SW SW VOUT SUPER-CAP 2.2 mH AVIN 2.5 V..5.5 V HC_SEL CI 4.7 mF PHONE POWER ON BAL CO 10mF D1 D2 LED1 STRB0 STRB1 I2C I/F SCL SDA LED2 LED3 INDLED 1.8 V Privacy Indicator Tx-MASK TS GPIO/PG NTC AGND PGND PGND FLASH READY Figure 1. Typical Application 1 2 3 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. NanoFree is a trademark of Texas Instruments. I2C is a trademark of NXP Semiconductors. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. AVAILABLE OPTIONS (1) PART NUMBER (1) PACKAGE MARKING PACKAGE TPS61325YFF 61325 CSP-20 DEVICE SPECIFIC FEATURES (2) Dual Wire Camera Module Interface (STRB0, STRB1) LED Temperature Monitoring Input (TS) The YFF package is available in tape and reel. Add R suffix (TPS6132xYFFR) to order quantities of 3000 parts per reel, T suffix for 250 parts per reel. For more details, refer to the section Application Diagrams. (2) ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) VI (1) VALUE UNIT Voltage range on AVIN, VOUT, SW, LED1, LED2, LED3 (2) –0.3 to 7 V (2) –0.3 to 7 V Voltage range on SCL, SDA, STRB0, STRB1, GPIO/PG Voltage range on HC_SEL, Tx-MASK, TS, BAL (2) Current on GPIO/PG Power dissipation TA TJ Operating ambient temperature range (MAX) Maximum operating junction temperature Storage temperature range Human body model ESD rating (1) (2) (3) (4) (4) V ±25 mA Internally limited (3) Tstg –0.3 to 7 –40 to 85 °C 150 °C –65 to 150 °C 2 kV Charge device model 500 V Machine model 100 V Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute–maximum–rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltage values are with respect to network ground terminal. In applications where high power dissipation and/or poor package thermal resistance is present, the maximum ambient temperature may have to be derated. Maximum ambient temperature [TA(max)] is dependent on the maximum operating junction temperature [TJ(max)], the maximum power dissipation of the device in the application [PD(max)], and the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the part/package in the application (qJA), as given by the following equation: TA(max) = TJ(max) – (qJA × PD(max)) The human body model is a 100-pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5-kΩ resistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200-pF capacitor discharged directly into each pin. DISSIPATION RATINGS (1) (2) 2 PACKAGE THERMAL RESISTANCE (1) qJA THERMAL RESISTANCE (1) qJB POWER RATING TA = 25°C DERATING FACTOR ABOVE (2) TA = 25°C YFF 71°C/W 21°C/W 1.4 W 14mW/°C Simulated with high-K board Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), qJA and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TA)/ qJA. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Unless otherwise noted the specification applies for VIN = 3.6V over an operating junction temp. –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C; Circuit of Parameter Measurement Information section (unless otherwise noted). Typical values are for TJ = 25°C. PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 2.5 5.5 UNIT SUPPLY CURRENT VIN Input voltage range IQ Operating quiescent current into AVIN IOUT = 0 mA, device not switching –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C 590 IOUT(DC) = 0mA, PWM operation VOUT = 4.95V, voltage regulation mode 11.3 700 mA ISD Shutdown current HC_SEL = 0, –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C 1 5 ISTBY Standby current HC_SEL = 1, storage capacitor balanced –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C 2 5 180 220 3.35 3.6 Pre-charge current 0V ≤ VOUT ≤ 3.3V, device in pre-charge mode –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C Pre-charge termination threshold VOUT rising, –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C Pre-charge hysteresis (referred to VOUT) VUVLO Undervoltage lockout threshold (analog circuitry) 80 40 VIN falling 75 2.3 V mA mA mA mA V mV 2.4 V OUTPUT Output voltage range VOUT OVP Current regulation mode VIN 5.5 V Voltage regulation mode 3.825 5.7 V –2% 2% Internal feedback voltage accuracy 2.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 4.8V, –20°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C Boost mode, PWM voltage regulation Power-save mode ripple voltage IOUT = 10 mA Output overvoltage protection Output overvoltage protection hysteresis 0.015 VOUT VP-P VOUT rising, 0000 ≤ OV[3:0] ≤ 0100 4.5 4.65 4.8 V VOUT rising, 0101 ≤ OV[3:0] ≤ 1111 5.8 6.0 6.2 V VOUT falling, 0101 ≤ OV[3:0] ≤ 1111 0.15 V POWER SWITCH rDS(on) Ilkg(SW) Ilim Switch MOSFET on-resistance VOUT = VGS = 3.6 V 90 Rectifier MOSFET on-resistance VOUT = VGS = 3.6 V 135 Leakage into SW VOUT = 0V, SW = 3.6V, –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C 0.3 Rectifier valley current limit (open-loop) mΩ mΩ 4 mA VOUT = 4.95V, HC_SEL = 0 –20°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C PWM operation, ILIM bit = 0 (1) 775 1150 1600 mA VOUT = 4.95V, HC_SEL = 0 –20°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C PWM operation, ILIM bit = 1 (1) 1050 1600 2225 mA VOUT = 4.95V, HC_SEL = 1, Tx-MASK = 0 –20°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C PWM operation, ILIM bit = 0 (1) -85 30 150 mA VOUT = 4.95V, HC_SEL = 1, Tx-MASK = 0 –20°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C PWM operation, ILIM bit = 1 175 250 300 mA OSCILLATOR fOSC Oscillator frequency fACC Oscillator frequency 1.92 –10 MHz +7 % THERMAL SHUTDOWN, HOT DIE DETECTOR Thermal shutdown (1) 140 Thermal shutdown hysteresis (1) Hot die detector accuracy (1) (1) –8 160 °C 20 °C 8 °C Verified by characterization. Not tested in production. Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 3 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued) Unless otherwise noted the specification applies for VIN = 3.6V over an operating junction temp. –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C; Circuit of Parameter Measurement Information section (unless otherwise noted). Typical values are for TJ = 25°C. PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT LED CURRENT REGULATOR LED1/3 current accuracy (1) HC_SEL = 0 LED2 current accuracy (1) LED1/3 current accuracy (1) HC_SEL = 1 LED2 current accuracy (1) LED1/3 current matching (1) HC_SEL = 0 0.4V ≤ VLED1/3 ≤ 2.0V 0mA < ILED1/3 ≤ 111mA, TJ = +85°C –10 +10 % 0.4V ≤ VLED2 ≤ 2.0V ILED1/3 > 111mA, TJ = +85°C –7.5 +7.5 % 0.4V ≤ VLED2 ≤ 2.0V 0mA < ILED2 ≤ 250mA, TJ = +85°C –10 +10 % 0.4V ≤ VLED2 ≤ 2.0V ILED2 > 250mA, TJ = +85°C –7.5 +7.5 % 0.4V ≤ VLED1/3 ≤ 2.0V 0mA < ILED1/3 ≤ 1027mA, TJ = +85°C –10 +10 % 0.4V ≤ VLED2 ≤ 2.0V 0mA < ILED2 ≤ 2052mA, TJ = +85°C –10 +10 % VLED1/3 = 1.0V, ILED1/3 = 444mA, TJ = +85°C –7.5 LED1/2/3 current temperature coefficient INDLED current accuracy 1.5V ≤ (VIN-VINDLED) ≤ 2.5V 0000 ≤ INDC[3:0] ≤ 0111 TJ = +25°C –20 INDLED current temperature coefficient VDO (1) 4 +7.5 0.05 % %/°C +20 % 0.04 %/°C LED1/2/3 sense voltage ILED1-3 = full-scale current, HC_SEL = 0 400 mV LED1/2/3 sense voltage ILED1-3 = full-scale current, HC_SEL = 1 400 VOUT dropout voltage IOUT = -15.8mA, TJ = +25°C, device not switching LED1/2/3 input leakage current VLED1/2/3 = VOUT = 5V, –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C INDLED input leakage current VINDLED = 0V, –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C 450 mV 200 mV 0.1 4 mA 0.1 1 mA Verified by characterization. Not tested in production. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Unless otherwise noted the specification applies for VIN = 3.6V over an operating junction temp. –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C; Circuit of Parameter Measurement Information section (unless otherwise noted). Typical values are for TJ = 25°C. PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 1.7 3.0 mA 100 mV STORAGE CAPACITOR ACTIVE CELL BALANCING Active cell balancing circuitry quiescent current into VOUT HC_SEL = 1, storage capacitor balanced –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C Active cell balancing accuracy (VOUT – BAL) vs. BAL voltage difference Storage capacitor balanced HC_SEL = 1 VOUT = 5.7V BAL output drive capability VOUT = 4.95V, Sink and source current Active discharge resistor HC_SEL = 0, device in shutdown mode VOUT to BAL and BAL to GND 0.85 Thermistor bias current 23.8 –100 ±10 ±15 mA 1.5 kΩ LED TEMPERATURE MONITORING IO(TS) Temperature Sense Current Source TS Resistance (Warning Temperature) LEDWARN bit = 1, TJ≥ 25°C TS Resistance (Hot Temperature) LEDHOT bit = 1, TJ≥ 25°C mA 39 44.5 50 kΩ 12.5 14.5 16.5 kΩ SDA, SCL, GPIO/PG, Tx-MASK, STRB0, STRB1, HC_SEL V(IH) High-level input voltage V(IL) Low-level input voltage V(OL) V(OH) I(LKG) RPD C(IN) 1.2 V 0.4 V Low-level output voltage (SDA) IOL = 8mA 0.3 V Low-level output voltage (GPIO) DIR = 1, IOL = 5mA 0.3 V High-level output voltage (GPIO) DIR = 1, GPIOTYPE = 0, IOH = 8mA Logic input leakage current Input connected to VIN or GND –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C 0.01 STRB0, STRB1 pull-down resistance STRB0, STRB1 ≤ 0.4 V 350 kΩ Tx-MASK pull-down resistance Tx-MASK ≤ 0.4 V 350 kΩ HC_SEL pull-down resistance HC_SEL ≤ 0.4 V 350 kΩ SDA Input Capacitance SDA = VIN or GND 9 pF SCL Input Capacitance SCL = VIN or GND 4 pF GPIO/PG Input Capacitance DIR = 0, GPIO/PG = VIN or GND 9 pF STRB0 Input Capacitance STRB0 = VIN or GND 3 pF STRB1 Input Capacitance STRB1 = VIN or GND HC_SEL Input Capacitance HC_SEL = VIN or GND Tx-MASK Input Capacitance Tx-MASK = VIN or GND Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated VIN–0.4 V 0.1 mA 3 pF 3.5 pF 4 pF Submit Documentation Feedback 5 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Unless otherwise noted the specification applies for VIN = 3.6V over an operating junction temp. –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C; Circuit of Parameter Measurement Information section (unless otherwise noted). Typical values are for TJ = 25°C. PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT TIMING Start-up time LED current settling time (1) triggered by a rising edge on STRB0 LED current settling time by Tx-MASK (1) (1) triggered From shutdown into DC light mode HC_SEL = 0, ILED = 111mA 1.5 ms MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 10, HC_SEL = 0 ILED2 = from 0mA to 890mA 400 ms MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 10, HC_SEL = 1 ILED2 = from 0mA to 2050mA 16 ms MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 10, HC_SEL = 0 ILED2 = from 890mA to 390mA 15 ms Settling time to ±15% of the target value. I2C INTERFACE TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (1) PARAMETER f(SCL) SCL Clock Frequency Bus Free Time Between a STOP and START Condition tBUF TEST CONDITIONS MAX UNIT Standard mode 100 kHz Fast mode 400 kHz High-speed mode (write operation), CB – 100 pF max 3.4 MHz High-speed mode (read operation), CB – 100 pF max 3.4 MHz High-speed mode (write operation), CB – 400 pF max 1.7 MHz High-speed mode (read operation), CB – 400 pF max 1.7 MHz Standard mode 4.7 ms Fast mode 1.3 ms 4 ms ns Standard mode tHD, tSTA tLOW Hold Time (Repeated) START Condition LOW Period of the SCL Clock Fast mode 600 High-speed mode 160 ns Standard mode 4.7 ms Fast mode 1.3 ms High-speed mode, CB – 100 pF max 160 ns High-speed mode, CB – 400 pF max 320 ns 4 ms Standard mode tHIGH HIGH Period of the SCL Clock tSU, tSTA Setup Time for a Repeated START Condition tSU, tDAT Data Setup Time tHD, tDAT Data Hold Time tRCL (1) 6 Rise Time of SCL Signal MIN Fast mode 600 ns High-speed mode, CB – 100 pF max 60 ns High-speed mode, CB – 400 pF max 120 ns Standard mode 4.7 ms Fast mode 600 ns High-speed mode 160 ns Standard mode 250 ns Fast mode 100 ns High-speed mode 10 Standard mode 0 3.45 ms ns Fast mode 0 0.9 ms High-speed mode, CB – 100 pF max 0 70 ns High-speed mode, CB – 400 pF max 0 150 ns Standard mode 20 + 0.1 CB 1000 ns Fast mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns High-speed mode, CB – 100 pF max 10 40 ns High-speed mode, CB – 400 pF max 20 80 ns Specified by design. Not tested in production. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 I2C INTERFACE TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (1) (continued) PARAMETER tRCL1 Rise Time of SCL Signal After a Repeated START Condition and After an Acknowledge BIT TEST CONDITIONS MIN MAX UNIT Standard mode 20 + 0.1 CB 1000 ns Fast mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns 10 80 ns High-speed mode, CB – 100 pF max High-speed mode, CB – 400 pF max tFCL tRDA tFDA Fall Time of SCL Signal Rise Time of SDA Signal Fall Time of SDA Signal 20 160 ns Standard mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns Fast mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns High-speed mode, CB – 100 pF max 10 40 ns High-speed mode, CB – 400 pF max 20 80 ns Standard mode 20 + 0.1 CB 1000 ns Fast mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns High-speed mode, CB – 100 pF max 10 80 ns High-speed mode, CB – 400 pF max 20 160 ns Standard mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns Fast mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns High-speed mode, CB – 100 pF max 10 80 ns High-speed mode, CB – 400 pF max 20 160 ns Standard mode tSU, tSTO Setup Time for STOP Condition CB Capacitive Load for SDA and SCL Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated 4 ms Fast mode 600 ns High-speed mode 160 ns 400 Submit Documentation Feedback pF 7 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com I2C TIMING DIAGRAMS SDA tf tLOW tsu;DAT tr tf tBUF tr thd;STA SCL thd;STA thd;DAT S tsu;STA tsu;STO HIGH Sr P S Figure 2. Serial Interface Timing for F/S-Mode Sr Sr P tfDA trDA SDAH tsu;STA thd;DAT thd;STA tsu;STO tsu;DAT SCLH tfCL trCL1 See Note A trCL1 trCL tHIGH tLOW tLOW tHIGH See Note A = MCS Current Source Pull-Up = R(P) Resistor Pull-Up Note A: First rising edge of the SCLH signal after Sr and after each acknowledge bit. Figure 3. Serial Interface Timing for H/S-Mode 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 DEVICE INFORMATION PIN FUNCTIONS PIN I/O DESCRIPTION NAME NO. AVIN E4 I This is the input voltage pin of the device. Connect directly to the input bypass capacitor. VOUT A2 O This is the output voltage pin of the converter. LED1 E2 I LED2 E1 I LED3 E3 I STRB0 B4 I LED1/2/3 enable logic input. This pin can be used to enable/disable the high-power LEDs connected to the device. STRB0 = LOW: LED1, LED2 and LED3 current regulators are turned-off. STRB0 = HIGH: LED2, LED2 and LED3 current regulators are active. The LED current level (DC light or flashlight current) is defined according to the STRB1 logic level. HC_SEL B3 I Extended high-current mode selection input. This pin must not be left floating and must be terminated. HC_SEL = LOW: LED direct drive mode. The power stage is active and the maximum LED currents are defined as 445mA/890mA/445mA (ILED1/ILED2/ILED3). HC_SEL = HIGH: Energy storage mode. In flash mode, the power stage is either active with reduced current capability or disabled. The maximum LED current is defined as 1025mA/2050mA/1025mA (ILED1/ILED2/ILED3). SCL B2 I Serial interface clock line. This pin must not be left floating and must be terminated. SDA B1 I/O Serial interface address/data line. This pin must not be left floating and must be terminated. GPIO/PG D4 I/O This pin can either be configured as a general purpose input/output pin (GPIO) or either as an open-drain or a push-pull output to signal when the converters output voltage is within the regulation limits (PG). Per default, the pin is configured as an open-drain power-good output. TS C4 I/O NTC resistor connection. This pin can be used to monitor the LED temperature. Connect a 220kΩ NTC resistor from the TS input to ground. In case this functionality is not desired, the TS input should be tied to AVIN or left floating. INDLED A1 O This pin provides a constant current source to drive low VF LEDs. Connect to LED anode. STRB1 D3 I LED current level selection input. Pulling this input high disables the DC light watchdog timer. STRB1 = LOW: Flash light mode is enabled. STRB1 = HIGH: DC light mode is enabled. Tx-MASK C3 I RF PA synchronization control input. SW C1 C2 I/O Inductor connection. Drain of the internal power MOSFET. Connect to the switched side of the inductor. SW is high impedance during shutdown. BAL A3 O Balancing output for dual cells super-capacitor. In steady-state operation, this output compensates for leakage current mismatch between the cells. PGND D1 D2 Power ground. Connect to AGND underneath IC. AGND A4 Analog ground. LED return input. This feedback pin regulates the LED current through the internal sense resistor by regulating the voltage across it. The regulation operates with typically 400mV (HC_SEL = L) or 400mV (HC_SEL = H) dropout voltage. Connect to the cathode of the LEDs. PIN ASSIGNMENTS CSP-20 (TOP VIEW) CSP-20 (BOTTOM VIEW) A4 B4 C4 D4 E4 E4 D4 C4 B4 A4 A3 B3 C3 D3 E3 E3 D3 C3 B3 A3 A2 B2 C2 D2 E2 E2 D2 C2 B2 A2 A1 B1 C1 D1 E1 E1 D1 C1 B1 A1 Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 9 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM SW AVIN Undervoltage Lockout Bias Supply Bandgap OVP COMPARATOR VREF = 1.238V REF Backgate Control VOUT Hot Die Indicator TON Control ERROR AMPLIFIER VREF S Q R Q HC_SEL VOUT CONTROL LOGIC P EN VOUT 2 COMPARATOR Z BAL Z VOLTAGE REGULATION CURRENT REGULATION VLED Sense SENSE FB SCL I2C I/F LED2 ON/OFF Max tON Timer CURRENT CONTROL DAC P SDA SENSE FB Slew-Rate Controller Oscillator LED1 ON/OFF CURRENT CONTROL DAC P STRB1 SENSE FB LED3 STRB0 Tx-MASK P HC_SEL Low-Side LED Current Regulator Control Logic 350 kΩ AVIN INDLED INDC[1:0] AVIN High-Side LED Current Regulator 23µA TS WARNING VREF = 1.05V HOT VREF = 0.345V AGND 10 Submit Documentation Feedback PGND Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 TIMER BLOCK DIAGRAM (GPIO Bit) Tx-MASK 350 kW Port Direction (DIR) CURRENT REGULATOR MODE – DC LIGHT / FLASH ACTIVE MODE 0 = LOW MODE 0 MODE 1 = HIGH Port Type (PG) MODE 1 STRB1 GPIO/PG 0 STRB0 1 1 (GPIO Bit) 350 kW Safety Timer Trigger (STT) Edge Detect PWROK Start Flash/Timer (SFT) MODE 0 MODE 1 DC Light Safety Timer (11.2s) 0: NORMAL OPERATION 1: DISABLE CURRENT SINK Start LED1-3 CURRENT CONTROL CLOCK 16-bit Prescaler Safety Timer tPULSE 0: DC LIGHT CURRENT LEVEL 1: FLASH CURRENT LEVEL Time-Out (TO) Dimming (DIM) Timer Value (STIM) Duty-Cycle Generator (5% ... 67%) LED1-3 ON/OFF CONTROL 0: LED1-3 OFF 1: DC LIGHT CURRENT LEVEL Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 11 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION TPS61325 L SW SW VOUT AVIN 2.5 V..5.5 V HC_SEL CI I2C I/F BAL STRB0 LED1 STRB1 LED2 SCL SDA SUPER-CAP 2.2 mH CO D1 D2 LED3 INDLED Privacy Indicator Tx-MASK TS GPIO/PG NTC AGND PGND PGND List of Components: L = 2.2mH, Wuerth Elektronik WE-TPC Series CI, CO = 10mF 6.3V X5R 0603 – TDK C1605X5R0J106MT Storage Capacitor = TDK EDLC262020-500mF NTC = 220kΩ, muRata NCP18WM224J03RB 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Table of Graphs FIGURE LED Power Efficiency vs. Input Voltage Figure 4, Figure 5 DC Input Current vs. Input Voltage Figure 6 LED Current vs. LED Pin Headroom Voltage LED Current vs. LED Current Digital Code INDLED Current vs. LED Pin Headroom Voltage Voltage Mode Efficiency vs. Output Current Figure 15, Figure 16 vs. Output Current Figure 17 vs. Input Voltage Figure 18 DC Output Voltage Maximum Output Current vs. Input Voltage DC Pre-Charge Current vs. Differential Input-Output Voltage Valley Current Limit Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9 Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 19 Figure 20, Figure 21 Figure 22, Figure 23 Balancing Current vs. Balance Pin Voltage Figure 24 Supply Current vs. Input Voltage Figure 25 Standby Current vs. Ambient Temperature Figure 26 Temperature Detection Threshold Junction Temperature Flash Sequence (Direct Drive Mode) Tx-Masking Operation Figure 27, Figure 28 vs. Port Voltage Figure 29 Figure 30 Figure 31, Figure 32, Figure 33 Low-Light Dimming Mode Operation Figure 34 PWM Operation Figure 35 PFM Operation Figure 36 Down-Mode Operation (Voltage Mode) Figure 37 Voltage Mode Load Transient Response Figure 38 Start-up Into DC Light Operation Figure 39 Start-up Into Voltage Mode Operation Figure 40 Storage Capacitor Pre-Charge Figure 41 Storage Capacitor Charge-Up Figure 42, Figure 43, Figure 44 DC Light Operation (Energy Storage Mode) Flash Sequence (Energy Storage Mode) Figure 45 Figure 46, Figure 47, Figure 48, Figure 49 Junction Temperature Monitoring Figure 50 Shutdown (Energy Storage Mode) Figure 51 Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 13 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com 100 90 90 80 70 60 ILED2 = 83 mA ILED2 = 111 mA ILED2 = 166 mA 50 ILED2 = 250 mA 40 30 20 ILIM = 1600 mA, Tx-MASK = Low LED2 Channel Only 10 0 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.5 VI - Input Voltage - V 4.9 LED Power Efficiency (PLED/PIN) - % LED Power Efficiency (PLED/PIN) - % TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 100 80 70 40 30 20 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.5 VI - Input Voltage - V 4.9 5.3 ILED2 = 805 mA 800 ILED2 = 720 mA 700 LED2 Current - mA DC Input Current - mA ILIM = 1600 mA, Tx-MASK = Low 10 900 1500 1250 1000 ILED1 = ILED3 = 250 mA ILED2 = 555 mA ILED1 = ILED3 = 250 mA ILED2 = 444 mA 500 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.5 VI - Input Voltage - V Submit Documentation Feedback 500 400 300 100 ILIM = 1600 mA, Tx-MASK = Low 2.9 600 4.9 ILED2 = 555 mA ILED2 = 470 mA ILED2 = 360 mA ILED2 = 277 mA 200 ILED1 = ILED3 = 250 mA ILED2 = 277 mA Figure 6. DC Input Current vs. Input Voltage 14 ILED1 = ILED3 = 111 mA ILED2 = 194 mA ILED1 = ILED3 = 250 mA ILED2 = 444 mA ILED1 = ILED3 = 250 mA ILED2 = 555 mA 50 Figure 5. LED Power Efficiency vs. Input Voltage ILED1 = ILED3 = 360 mA ILED2 = 610 mA 1750 0 2.5 ILED1 = ILED3 = 83 mA ILED2 = 166 mA 0 2.5 5.3 2000 250 ILED1 = ILED3 = 55 mA ILED2 = 111 mA 60 Figure 4. LED Power Efficiency vs. Input Voltage 750 ILED1 = ILED3 = 360 mA ILED2 = 610 mA 5.3 ILIM = 1600 mA 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 LED2 Pin Headroom Voltage - mV Figure 7. LED2 Current vs. LED2 Pin Headroom Voltage (HC_SEL=0) Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 900 2400 ILED1 = ILED3 = 416 mA 2300 800 ILED2 = 2048 mA, TA = 85°C ILED2 = 2048 mA, TA = 25°C 2200 ILED1 = ILED3 = 305 mA 600 LED2 Current - mA LED1 + LED3 Current - mA ILED1 = ILED3 = 360 mA 700 ILED1 = ILED3 = 250 mA 500 400 300 2100 2000 1900 1800 1700 200 1600 ILIM = 1600 mA 100 1500 1400 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 LED1, LED3 Pin Headroom Voltage - mV ILED2 = 1792 mA, TA = 85°C ILED2 = 1792 mA, TA = -40°C ILED2 = 1792 mA, TA = 25°C VIN = 3.6 V, VOUT = 4.95 V HC_SEL = High 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 LED2 Pin Headroom Voltage - mV Figure 8. LED1+LED3 Current vs. LED1+LED3 Pin Headroom Voltage (HC_SEL=0) Figure 9. LED2 Current vs. LED2 Pin Headroom Voltage (HC_SEL=1) 300 275 ILED2 = 2048 mA, TA = -40°C 125 ILIM = 1600 mA ILIM = 1600 mA VIN = 2.5 V LED2 Current - mA 225 200 VIN = 4.5 V 175 150 125 VIN = 3.6 V 100 75 LED1, LED3 Current - mA 250 VIN = 3.6 V 100 VIN = 4.5 V 75 VIN = 2.5 V 50 50 25 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 LED2 Current Digital Code - mA Figure 10. LED2 Current vs. LED2 Current Digital Code (HC_SEL=0) Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated 25 25 50 75 100 LED1, LED3 Current Digital Code - mA 125 Figure 11. LED1, LED3 Current vs. LED1, LED3 Current Digital Code (HC_SEL=0) Submit Documentation Feedback 15 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 450 900 ILIM = 1600 mA 850 VIN = 2.5 V ILIM = 1600 mA 425 VIN = 2.5 V 800 400 LED1, LED3 Current - mA 750 LED2 Current - mA 700 650 VIN = 4.5 V VIN = 3.6 V 600 550 500 450 400 350 375 350 VIN = 3.6 V VIN = 4.5 V 325 300 275 250 300 225 250 200 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 LED2 Current Digital Code - mA 200 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 LED1, LED3 Current Digital Code - mA 900 Figure 12. LED2 Current vs. LED2 Current Digital Code (HC_SEL=0) Figure 13. LED1, LED3 Current vs. LED1, LED3 Current Digital Code (HC_SEL=0) 16 100 14 INDLED = 0111 INDLED = 0110 TA = 40°C, TA = 25°C, TA = 85°C 10 8 INDLED = 0011 6 VIN = 2.5 V 70 VIN = 3.6 V VIN = 3 V PFM/PWM Operation 60 50 40 Forced PWM Operation 30 4 INDLED = 0010 20 2 VIN = 3.6 V 0 0.5 10 0 0.7 VOUT = 4.95 V ILIM = 1600 mA Voltage Mode Regulation INDLED = 0001 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 INDLED Pin Headroom Voltage - V Figure 14. INDLED Current vs. INDLED Pin Headroom Voltage 16 80 Efficiency - % INDLED Current - mA 12 VIN = 4.2 V 90 Submit Documentation Feedback 1.9 2 1 10 100 1000 IO - Output Current - mA 10000 Figure 15. Efficiency vs Output Current Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 100 5.2 VIN = 3.6 V Voltage Mode Regulation 90 VO - Output Voltage (DC) - V VIN = 3 V VIN = 2.5 V 80 Forced PWM Operation Efficiency - % 70 VIN = 4.2 V 60 50 PFM/PWM Operation 40 30 VOUT = 3.825 V ILIM = 1600 mA Voltage Mode Regulation 20 10 5.1 10 100 1000 IO - Output Current - mA 5 4.95 4.8 1 10000 VO - Output Voltage (DC) - V 3.94 3.902 IOUT = 100 mA 3.863 IOUT = 1000 mA 3.787 VOUT = 3.825 V ILIM = 1600 mA 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.5 4.9 IO - Output Current - mA Figure 18. DC Output Voltage vs. Input Voltage 1100 1000 IO - Maximum Output Current - mA IOUT = 0 mA 3.978 Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated 10 100 1000 IO - Output Current - mA 10000 Figure 17. DC Output Voltage vs. Load Current 1200 2.9 VIN = 3.6 V VIN = 2.5 V Voltage Mode Regulation 3.71 2.5 Forced PWM Operation 4.85 4.016 3.749 VIN = 4.2 V 4.9 Figure 16. Efficiency vs. Output Current 3.825 PFM/PWM Operation 5.05 0 1 VOUT = 4.95 V, ILIM = 1600 mA 5.15 900 800 700 Voltage Mode Regulation TA = 25°C VOUT = 4.95 V, ILIM = 1150 mA VOUT = 5.7 V, ILIM = 1150 mA 600 500 400 300 200 VOUT = 4.95 V, ILIM = 250 mA VOUT = 4.95 V, ILIM = 30 mA 100 5.3 0 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 VI - Input Voltage - V Figure 19. Maximum Output Current vs. Input Voltage Submit Documentation Feedback 17 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 225 175 150 VIN = 4.2 V, TA = 25°C 125 100 75 50 25 150 100 75 50 25 HC_SEL = 1 0 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 Differential Input - Output Voltage - V Differential Input - Output Voltage - V Figure 21. DC Pre-Charge Current vs. Differential Input-Output Voltage (HC_SEL=1) 50 VIN = 3.6 V VIN = 3.6 V 10 ILIM - Valley Current Limit - mA Figure 22. Valley Current Limit (HC_SEL=1) Submit Documentation Feedback 190 150 170 110 130 90 360 345 315 330 285 270 240 255 210 225 195 0 165 0 180 5 150 5 Sample Size = 74 50 Sample Size = 74 15 10 15 20 30 TA = -40°C TA = -40°C -10 20 25 -50 25 30 -30 TA = 85°C 30 TA = 85°C 35 -90 35 Sample Percentage - % 40 TA = 25°C HC_SEL = 1, Tx-MASK = 0, ILIM bit = 1 -70 HC_SEL = 1, Tx-MASK = 0, ILIM bit = 1 45 70 TA = 25°C 10 18 HC_SEL = 1 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 300 Sample Percentage - % 40 VIN = 3.6 V, TA = 85°C 125 Figure 20. DC Pre-Charge Current vs. Differential Input-Output Voltage (HC_SEL=1) 45 VIN = 3.6 V, TA = -40°C 175 0 50 VIN = 3.6 V, TA = 25°C 200 VIN = 2.5 V, TA = 25°C DC Pre-Charge Current - mA DC Pre-Charge Current - mA 200 225 VIN = 3.6 V, TA = 25°C ILIM - Valley Current Limit - mA Figure 23. Valley Current Limit (HC_SEL=1) Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 25 1500 VOUT = 4.95 V, HC_SEL = 1 10 5 1300 TA = 85°C 15 TA = 25°C TA = -40°C 0 -5 -10 1200 VOUT = 4.95 V, TA = 85°C 1100 VOUT = 5.7 V, TA = 25°C 1000 900 800 VOUT = 4.95 V, TA = -40°C V OUT = 4.95 V, TA = 25°C 700 -15 -20 2.30 IOUT = 0 mA ENPSM bit = ENVM bit = 1 1400 ICC - Supply Current - mA IBAL - Balance Pin Current - mA 20 600 2.35 2.40 2.45 2.50 2.55 2.60 2.65 VBAL - Balance Pin Voltage - V 500 2.5 2.70 Figure 24. Balancing Current vs. Balance Pin Voltage 3.7 4.1 4.5 VI - Input Voltage - V 4.9 5.3 26 24 2.5 VIN = 3.6 V 1.5 VIN = 2.5 V 1 VIN = 3.6 V 22 VIN = 4.8 V 20 Sample Percentage - % ISTBY - Standby Current - mA 3.3 Figure 25. Supply Current vs. Input Voltage 3 2 2.9 VOUT = 3.825 V, TA = 25°C 18 16 14 12 10 Sample Size = 76 8 6 0.5 4 HC_SEL = 1 Storage capacitor balanced (IOUT = 0 mA) 0 -35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 TA - Ambient Temperature - °C Figure 26. Standby Current vs. Ambient Temperature (HC_SEL=1) Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated 2 0 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 Temperature Detection (55°C Threshold) 60 Figure 27. Temperature Detection Threshold Submit Documentation Feedback 19 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 200 28 26 VIN = 3.6 V 175 Tx-MASK Input IPORT = -100 mA 20 18 16 14 12 Sample Size = 76 10 8 6 150 STRB1 Input 125 100 75 50 Port Input Buffer 25 0 VPORT Sample Percentage - % 22 TJ - Junction Temperature - °C 24 4 -25 2 0 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 Temperature Detection (70°C Threshold) Figure 28. Temperature Detection Threshold STRB0 (2V/div) 100 mA -50 -0.6 -0.55 -0.5 -0.45 -0.4 -0.35 -0.3 -0.25 -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 Port Voltage - V Figure 29. Junction Temperature vs. Port Voltage STRB0 (2V/div) ILED2 (500mA/div) LED2 Channel Only DCLC2[2:0] = 000 FC2[5:0] = 011110 Tx-MASK (2V/div) DCLC13[2:0] = 000 FC13[4:0] = 01011 VOUT (1V/div - 3.6V Offset) LED2 Pin Headroom Voltage (1V/div) VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 4.95V, ILIM = 1600mA t - Time = 1 ms/div Figure 30. FLASH SEQUENCE (HC_SEL=0) 20 Submit Documentation Feedback ILED1 + ILED3 (200mA/div) ILED2 (200mA/div) DCLC2[2:0] = 000 FC2[5:0] = 010101 VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 4.95V, ILIM = 1600mA t - Time = 500 µs/div Figure 31. Tx-MASKING OPERATION (HC_SEL=0) Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Tx-MASK (2V/div) Tx-MASK (2V/div) ILED2 (200mA/div) ILED2 (200mA/div) IL (200mA/div) IL (500mA/div) VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 4.95V ILIM = 1600mA LED2 Channel Only DCLC2[2:0] = 111 FC2[5:0] = 011110 VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 4.95V ILIM = 1600mA t - Time = 5 µs/div Figure 32. Tx-MASKING OPERATION (HC_SEL=0) HC_SEL = 1 LED2 Channel Only DCLC2[2:0] = 010 FC2[5:0] = 011110 t - Time = 100 µs/div Figure 33. Tx-MASKING OPERATION (HC_SEL=0) VOUT (20mV/div - 4.95V Offset) ILED2 (20 mA/div) IL (200mA/div) Frequency = 30 kHz Duty Cycle = 23 % VIN = 3.6 V, IDCLIGHT2 = 75 mA VOUT = 4.95 V LED2 Channel Only INDC[3:0] = 1011 t - Time = 10 µs/div Figure 34. LOW-LIGHT DIMMING MODE OPERATION Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated SW (2V/div) VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 4.95V IOUT = 300mA, ILIM = 1600mA Forced PWM Operation ENPSM bit = 0 t - Time = 125 ns/div Figure 35. PWM OPERATION Submit Documentation Feedback 21 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) VOUT (100mV/div - 4.95V Offset) IL (200mA/div) VOUT (100mV/div - 3.825V Offset) IL (200mA/div) SW (5V/div) SW (5V/div) VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 4.95V IOUT = 50mA, ILIM = 1600mA PFM/PWM Operation ENPSM bit = 1 t - Time = 2 ms/div Figure 36. PFM OPERATION VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 4.95V ILIM = 1600mA VIN = 4.2V, VOUT = 3.825V IOUT = 50mA, ILIM = 1600mA PFM/PWM Operation ENPSM bit = 1 t - Time = 2 ms/div Figure 37. DOWN-MODE OPERATION (VOLTAGE MODE) MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 01 DC Light Turn-On ILED2 (50mA/div) VOUT (500mV/div - 4.95V Offset) VOUT (2V/div) IL (500mA/div) 50mA to 500mA Load Step IOUT (500mA/div) PFM/PWM Operation ENPSM bit = 1 t - Time = 50 ms/div Figure 38. VOLTAGE MODE LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE 22 Submit Documentation Feedback IL (200mA/div) VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 4.95V ILIM = 1600mA LED2 Channel Only DCLC2[2:0] = 100 t - Time = 200 µs/div Figure 39. START-UP INTO DC LIGHT OPERATION Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) ENVM bit Voltage Mode Regulation Start VOUT (2V/div) IL (200mA/div) VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 4.95V IOUT = 0mA, ILIM = 1600mA HC_SEL (2V/div) PG (2V/div) VOUT (1V/div) IL (50mA/div) ENPSM bit = 1 VIN = 3.6V, IOUT = 0mA t - Time = 100 µs/div Figure 40. START-UP INTO VOLTAGE MODE OPERATION HC_SEL, ENVM (2V/div) PG (2V/div) t - Time = 2 s/div Figure 41. STORAGE CAPACITOR PRE-CHARGE (HC_SEL=1) HC_SEL, ENVM (2V/div) PG (2V/div) VOUT (2V/div) VOUT (2V/div) IL (100mA/div) IL (100mA/div) VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 4.95V IOUT = 0mA ENPSM bit = 1, ILIM bit = 1 Tx-MASK = 0 t - Time = 2 s/div Figure 42. STORAGE CAPACITOR CHARGE-UP (HC_SEL=1) Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 4.95V IOUT = 0mA ENPSM bit = 1, ILIM bit = 0 Tx-MASK = 0 t - Time = 5 s/div Figure 43. STORAGE CAPACITOR CHARGE-UP (HC_SEL=1) Submit Documentation Feedback 23 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) PG (2V/div) PG (2 V/div) VOUT (1 V/div) ENVM bit = 1 VOUT (1V/div) ILED1 + ILED3 (50mA/div) DCLC13[2:0] = 010 DCLC2[2:0] = 011 DC Light Turn-On Command ILED2 (50mA/div) IL (200 mA/div) VIN = 3.6 V, VOUT = 4.95 V, ENPSM bit = 1, ILIM bit = 1, IOUT = 0 mA Tx-MASK = 0 t - Time = 1 s/div DC Light Turn-Off Command VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 4.95V ENPSM bit = 1, ILIM bit = 1 All LED Channels Active Tx-MASK = 0 t - Time = 500 ms/div Figure 44. STORAGE CAPACITOR CHARGE-UP (HC_SEL=1) STRB0 (2V/div) Figure 45. DC LIGHT OPERATION (HC_SEL=1) STRB0 (2V/div) PG (2V/div) VOUT (200mV/div - 4.95V Offset) VOUT (500mV/div - 4.95V Offset) IL (200mA/div) DCLC2[2:0] = 000 FC2[5:0] = 100000 ILED2 (1A/div) ENPSM bit = 1, ILIM bit = 1, Tx-MASK = 0 VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 4.95V, LED2 Channel Only t - Time = 50 ms/div Figure 46. FLASH SEQUENCE (HC_SEL=1) 24 Submit Documentation Feedback ILED2 (1A/div) DCLC2[2:0] = 000 FC2[5:0] = 100000 ENPSM bit = 1, ILIM bit = 1, Tx-MASK = 0 VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 4.95V, LED2 Channel Only t - Time = 100 ms/div Figure 47. FLASH SEQUENCE (HC_SEL=1) Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) PG (2 V/div) FLASH SYNC (2 V/div) LED VF Calibrated Circuit, ca. 500 mV LED Pin Headroom Pin (e/o Strobe) VOUT (200 mV/div - 4.95 V Offset) VOUT (200 mV/div - 4.95 V Offset) IL (100 mA/div) Tx-MASK Input = 1 ILED2 (1 A/div) ILED2 (1 A/div) ENPSM bit = 1, Tx-MASK bit = 0, ILIM bit = 0 DCLC2[2:0] = 000 FC2[5:0] = 100000 ILED1 + ILED3 (1 A/div) VIN = 3.6 V, VOUT = 4.95 V, LED2 Channel Only Tx-MASK Input = 0 ENPSM bit = 1, Tx-MASK bit = 0, ILIM bit = 1 DCLC13 [2:0] = 000 DCLC2 [2:0] = 000 FC13 [4:0] = 10000 FC2 [5:0] = 100000 VIN = 3.6 V, VOUT = 4.95 V, All LED Channels Active t - Time = 50 ms/div t - Time = 10 ms/div Figure 48. FLASH SEQUENCE (HC_SEL=1) ENPSM bit = 1, Tx-MASK bit = 0, ILIM bit = 1 Figure 49. FLASH SEQUENCE (HC_SEL=1) HC_SEL (2V/div) Tx-MASK (10 mV/div - -0.55 V Offset) TJ = 55°C PG (2V/div) TJ = 25°C VOUT (500mV/div) LED VF Calibrated Circuit, ca. 500 mV LED Pin Headroom Pin (e/o Strobe) DCLC13 [2:0] = 010 FC13 [4:0] = 10000 DCLC2 [2:0] = 100 FC2 [4:0] = 100000 ILED1 + ILED3 (1 A/div) ILED2 (1 A/div) DC Light = 2 s Flash Strobe = 35 ms VIN = 3.6 V, VOUT = 4.7 V, All LED Channels Active t - Time = 500 ms/div Figure 50. JUNCTION TEMPERATURE MONITORING (HC_SEL=1) Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated VIN = 3.6V, IOUT = 0mA t - Time = 100 s/div Figure 51. SHUTDOWN (HC_SEL=1) Submit Documentation Feedback 25 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com DETAILED DESCRIPTION OPERATION The TPS6132x family employs a 2MHz fixed on-time, PWM current-mode converter to generate the output voltage required to drive up to three high power LEDs in parallel. The device integrates a power stage based on an NMOS switch and a synchronous PMOS rectifier. The device also implements a set of linear low-side current regulators to control the LED current when the battery voltage is higher than the diode forward voltage. A special circuit is applied to disconnect the load from the battery during shutdown of the converter. In conventional synchronous rectifier circuits, the back-gate diode of the high-side PMOS is forward biased in shutdown and allows current flowing from the battery to the output. This device however uses a special circuit which takes the cathode of the back-gate diode of the high-side PMOS and disconnects it from the source when the regulator is in shutdown (HC_SEL = L). The TPS6132x device cannot only operate as a regulated current source but also as a standard voltage boost regulator featuring power-save mode for improved efficiency at light load. Voltage mode operation can be enabled/disabled by software control. The TPS6132x device also supports storage capacitor on its output (so called energy storage mode). In this operating mode (HC_SEL = H), the inductive power stage is used to charge-up the super-capacitor to a user selectable value. Once the charge-up is complete, the LEDs can be fired up to 1025mA (LED1 and LED3) and 2050mA (LED2) without causing a battery overload. In general, a boost converter only regulates output voltages which are higher than the input voltage. This device operates differently. For example, in the voltage mode operation the device is capable to regulate 4.2V at the output from a battery voltage pulsing as high 5.5V. To control these applications properly, a down conversion mode is implemented. If the input voltage reaches or exceeds the output voltage, the converter changes to a down conversion mode. In this mode, the control circuit changes the behavior of the rectifying PMOS. It sets the voltage drop across the PMOS as high as needed to regulate the output voltage. This means the power losses in the converter increase. This has to be taken into account for thermal consideration. In direct drive mode (HC_SEL = L), the power stage is capable of supplying a maximum total current of roughly 1300 to 1500mA. The TPS6132x provides three constant current inputs, capable of sinking up to 445mA (LED1 and LED3) and 890mA (LED2) in flashlight mode. The TPS6132x integrates an I2C compatible interface allowing transfers up to 3.4Mbits/s. This communication interface can be used to set the operating mode (shutdown, constant output current mode vs. constant output voltage mode), to control the brightness of the external LED (DC light and flashlight modes), to adjust the output voltage (between 3.825V and 5.7V in 125mV steps) or to program the safety timer for instance. For more details, refer to the I2C register description section. In the TPS6132x device, the DC light and flash can be controlled either by the I2C interface or by the means of hardware control signals (STRB0 and STRB1). The maximum duration of the flashlight pulse can be limited by means of an internal user programmable safety timer (STIM). To avoid the LEDs to be kept accidentally on in DC light mode by software control, the device implements a 13.0s watchdog timer. The DC light watchdog timer can be disabled by pulling high the STRB1 signal. 26 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 DOWN MODE IN VOLTAGE REGULATION MODE In general, a boost converter only regulates output voltages which are higher than the input voltage. The featured devices come with the ability to regulate 4.2 V at the output with an input voltage being has high as 5.5V. To control these applications properly, a down conversion mode is implemented. In voltage regulation mode, if the input voltage reaches or exceeds the output voltage, the converter changes to the down-conversion mode. In this mode, the control circuit changes the behavior of the rectifying PMOS. It sets the voltage drop across the PMOS as high as needed to regulate the output voltage. This means the power losses in the converter increase. This has to be taken into account for thermal consideration. The down conversion mode is automatically turned-off as soon as the input voltage falls about 200mV below the output voltage. For proper operation in down conversion mode the output voltage should not be programmed higher than ca. 5.3V. Care should be taken not to violate the absolute maximum ratings at the SW pins. The TPS6132x device uses a control architecture that allows to “recycle” excessive energy that might be stored in the output capacitor. By reversing the operation of the boost power stage, the converter is capable of transferring energy from its output back into the input source. In high-current mode (HC_SEL = 1), this feature becomes useful to dynamically adjust the output voltage (VOUT) depending on the operating conditions (e.g. +4.95V constant output voltage to support audio applications or variable storage capacitor pre-charge voltage, refer to “storage capacitor pre-charge voltage calibration” section). Notice that this reverse operating mode can only perform within an output voltage range higher than the input supply. For example, if the storage capacitor is initially pre-charged to 4.95V, the input voltage is around 4.1V and the target output voltage is set to 3.825V, the converter will only be able to lower the output node down to the input level. LED HIGH-CURRENT REGULATORS, UNUSED INPUTS The TPS6132x device utilizes LED forward voltage sensing circuitry on LED1-3 pins to optimize the power stage boost ratio for maximum efficiency. Due to the nature of the sensing circuitry, it is not recommended to leave any of the LED1-3 pins unused if the operation has been selected via ENLED[3:1] bits. Leaving LED1-3 pins unconnected, whilst the respective ENLEDx bits have been set, will force the control loop into high gain and eventually trip the output over-voltage protection. The LED1-3 inputs may be connected together to drive one or two LEDs at higher currents. Connecting the current sink inputs in parallel does not affect the internal operation of the TPS6132x. For best operation, it is recommended to disabled the LED inputs that are not used (refer to ENLED[3:1] bits description). To achieve smooth LED current waveforms, the TPS6132x device actively controls the LED current ramp-up/down sequence. Table 1. LED Current Ramp-Up/Down Control vs Operating Mode LED CURRENT RAMP-UP LED CURRENT RAMP-DOWN DIRECT DRIVE MODE (HC_SEL = 0) HIGH-CURRENT MODE (HC_SEL = 1) ISTEP = 27.5 mA ISTEP = 62 mA tRISE = 12 ms tRISE = 0.5 ms Slew-rate ≈ 2.3 mA/ms Slew-rate ≈ 124 mA/ms ISTEP = 27.5 mA ISTEP = 62 mA tFALL = 0.5 ms tFALL = 0.5 ms Slew-rate ≈ 55 mA/ms Slew-rate ≈ 124 mA/ms Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 27 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com LED CURRENT ISTEP Time t RISE t FALL Figure 52. LED Current Slew-Rate Control In high-current mode (HC_SEL = 1), the LED current settings are defined as a fixed ratio (x2.25) versus the direct drive mode values (HC_SEL = L). POWER-SAVE MODE OPERATION, EFFICIENCY The TPS6132x device integrates a power save mode to improve efficiency at light load. In power save mode the converter only operates when the output voltage trips below a set threshold voltage. It ramps up the output voltage with one or several pulses and goes again into power save mode once the output voltage exceeds the set threshold voltage. Output Voltage PFM mode at light load PFM ripple about 0.015 x VOUT 1.013 x VOUT NOM. VOUT NOM. PWM mode at heavy load Figure 53. Operation in PFM Mode and Transfer to PWM Mode The power save mode can be enabled and disabled via the ENPSM bit. In down conversion mode, power save mode is always active and the device cannot be forced into fixed frequency operation at light loads. The LED sense voltage has a direct effect on the converter’s efficiency. Because the voltage across the low-side current regulator does not contribute to the output power (LED brightness), the lower the sense voltage the higher the efficiency will be. In direct drive mode (HC_SEL = L), the energy is being directly transferred from the battery to the LEDs. The integrated current control loop automatically selects the minimum boosting ratio to maintain regulation based on the LED forward voltage and current requirements. The low-side current regulators will be dropping the voltage difference between the input voltage and the LEDs forward voltage (VF(LED) < VIN). When running in boost mode (VF(LED) > VIN), the voltage present at the LED1-3 pins of the low-side current regulators will be typically 400mV leading to high power conversion efficiency. Depending on the input voltage and the LEDs forward voltage characteristic the converter will show efficiency in the range of about 75% to 90%. In high-current mode (HC_SEL = H), the device is only supplying a limited amount of energy directly from the battery (i.e. DC light, contribution to flash current or voltage regulation mode). During a flash strobe, the bulk of the energy supplied to the LEDs is provided by the reservoir capacitor. The low-side current regulators will be typically operating with 400mV headroom voltage. This means the power losses in the device increase and special care should be taken for thermal considerations. 28 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 MODE OF OPERATION: DC LIGHT AND FLASHLIGHT Operation is understood best by referring to the timer block diagram. Depending on the settings of MODE_CTRL[1:0] bits the device can enter 4 different operating modes. • MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 00: The device is in shutdown mode. • MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 01: The STRB0, STRB1 inputs are disabled. The device is regulating the LED current in DC light mode (DCLC bits) regardless of the STRB0, STRB1 inputs and the START_FLASH/TIMER (SFT) bit. To avoid device shutdown by DC light safety timeout, MODE_CTRL[1:0] needs to be refreshed within less than 13.0s (STRB1 = 0). The DC light watchdog timer can be disabled by pulling high the STRB1 signal. • MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 10: The STRB0, STRB1 inputs are enabled and the flashlight pulse can either be triggered by these synchronization signals or by a software command (START_FLASH/TIMER (SFT) bit, STRB0 = 1). The LEDs operation is enabled/disabled according to the STRB0, STRB1 input, the flashlight safety timer is activated and the DC light safety timer is disabled. • MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 11: The device is regulating a constant output voltage according to OV[3:0] bits settings. The low-side LED1-3 current regulators are disabled and the LEDs are disconnected from the output. In this operating mode, the safety timer is disabled. FLASH STROBE IS LEVEL SENSITIVE (STT = 0): LED STROBE FOLLOWS STRB0, 1 INPUTS In this mode, the high-power LEDs are driven at the flashlight current level and the safety timer (STIM) is running. The maximum duration of the flashlight pulse is defined in the STIM[2:0] register. The safety timer is triggered on rising edge and stopped either by a negative logic on the synchronization source (STRB0, STRB1 = 0) or by a timeout event (TO bit). AF ASSIST LIGHT STROBE STRB0 STRB1 DURATION < STIM TIMER LED CONTROL LED OFF LED OFF DC LIGHT LED OFF FLASHLIGHT Figure 54. Hardware Synchronized DC Light and Flashlight Strobe Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 29 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com FLASH STROBE IS LEADING EDGE SENSITIVE (STT = 1): ONE-SHOT LED STROBE In this mode, the high-power LEDs are driven at the flashlight current level and the safety timer (STIM) is running. The duration of the flashlight pulse is defined in the STIM[2:0] register. The flashlight strobe is started either by a rising edge on the synchronization source (STRB0 = 1, STRB1 = 0) or by a positive transition on the START-FLASH/TIMER (SFT) bit (STRB0 = 1, STRB1 = 0). Once running, the timer ignores all kind of triggering signals and only stops after a timeout (TO). START-FLASH/TIMER (SFT) bit is being reset by the timeout (TO) signal. AF ASSIST LIGHT STROBE STRB0 STRB1 DURATION = STIM TIMER LED CONTROL LED OFF LED OFF DC LIGHT LED OFF FLASHLIGHT Figure 55. Edge Sensitive Timer (Single Trigger Event) SAFETY TIMER ACCURACY The LED strobe timer uses the internal oscillator as reference clock. As a matter of fact, the timer execution speed (refer to STIM[2:0]) scales according to the reference clock accuracy. OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY Minimum Typical Maximum (1) (2) 30 SAFETY TIMER DURATION Maximum = Typical × (1 + fACC) Typical (1) (2) Minimum = Typical x (1 - fACC) (1) Refer to REGISTER3, STIM[2:0] definition. Refer to the Electrical Characteristics table. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 CURRENT LIMIT OPERATION The current limit circuit employs a valley current sensing scheme. Current limit detection occurs during the off time through sensing of the voltage drop across the synchronous rectifier. The detection threshold is user selectable via the ILIM bit. The ILIM bit can only be set before the device enters operation (i.e., initial shutdown state). Figure 56 illustrates the inductor and rectifier current waveforms during current limit operation. The output current, IOUT, is the average of the rectifier ripple current waveform. When the load current is increased such that the lower peak is above the current limit threshold, the off time is lengthened to allow the current to decrease to this threshold before the next on-time begins (so called frequency fold-back mechanism). Both the output voltage and the switching frequency are reduced as the power stage of the device operates in a constant current mode. The maximum continuous output current (IOUT(CL)), before entering current limit operation, can be defined as: V V - VIN 1 D IOUT(CL) = (1 - D) ´ (IVALLEY + DIL ) with DIL = IN ´ and D » OUT 2 L f VOUT (1) The TPS6132x device also provides a negative current limit (c.a. 300mA) to prevent an excessive reverse inductor current when the power stage sinks current from the output (i.e., storage capacitor) in the forced continuous conduction mode. IPEAK DIL Current Limit Threshold Rectifier Current IVALLEY = ILIM IOUT (CL) DIL IOUT(DC) (= ILED) Increased Load Current IIN (DC) f Inductor Current IIN (DC) DIL ΔI L = V IN D × L f Figure 56. Inductor/Rectifier Currents in Current Limit Operation To minimize the requirements on the energy storage capacitor present at the output of the driver (HC_SEL = 1), the TPS6132x device can contribute to a larger extent in supporting directly the high-current LED flash strobe. In fact, the device can dynamically adjust it’s current limit setting according to the Tx-MASK input. Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 31 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com Table 2. Inductor Current Limit Operation vs HC_SEL/Tx-MASK Inputs VALLEY CURRENT LIMIT SETTING ILIM BIT HC_SEL INPUT Tx-MASK INPUT 1150 mA Low Low Low 1600 mA High Low Low 30 mA Low High Low 250 mA High High Low 1150 mA Low Low High 1600 mA High Low High (1) Low High High n/a (1) High High High n/a (1) The DC/DC power stage is disabled, zero current is being drained from the input source. LED FAILURE MODES AND OVER-VOLTAGE PROTECTION If a high-power LED fails as a short circuit, the low-side current regulator will limit the maximum output current and the HIGH-POWER LED FAILURE (HPLF) flag will be set. If a high-power LED fails as an open circuit, the control loop will initially attempt to regulate off of its low-side current regulator feedback signal. This will drive VOUT higher. As the open circuited LED will never accept its programmed current, VOUT must be voltage-limited by means of a secondary control loop. The TPS6132x device limits VOUT according to the over-voltage protection settings (refer to OVP specification). In this failure mode, VOUT is either limited to 4.65V (typ.) or 6.0V (typ.) and the HIGH-POWER LED FAILURE (HPLF) flag is set. OVP THRESHOLD OPERATING CONDITIONS 4.65 V typ HC_SEL = L and 0000 ≤ OV[3:0] ≤ 0100 6.0 V typ HC_SEL = H or 0101 ≤ OV[3:0] ≤ 1111 Refer to the section “LED High-Current Regulators, Unused inputs” for additional information. OVP Threshold 4.65 V ±150 mV 1.02 VOUT (NOM) VOUT (NOM) = 4.2 V 0.98 VOUT (NOM) Dynamic Load Transient LED Disconnect Figure 57. Over-Voltage Protection Operation (4.65V typ) 32 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 HARDWARE VOLTAGE MODE SELECTION The TPS6132x device integrates a software control bit (ENVM bit) that can be used to force the converter to run in voltage mode regulation. Table 3 gives an overview of the different mode of operation. Table 3. Operating Mode Description INTERNAL REGISTER SETTINGS MODE_CTRL[1:0] ENVM BIT 00 0 The converter is in shutdown mode and the load is disconnected from the battery. 01 0 LEDs are turned-on for DC light operation (i.e. movie-light). The converter is operating in the current regulation mode (CM). The output voltage is controlled by the forward voltage characteristic of the LED. The energy is being directly transferred from the battery to the output. 10 0 The converter is operating in the current regulation mode (CM). The output voltage is controlled by the forward voltage characteristic of the LED. LEDs are ready for flashlight operation supported directly from the battery. OPERATING MODES In high-current mode (HC_SEL = H), the energy is supplied by the output reservoir capacitor and the inductive power stage is turned-off for the flash strobe period of time. 11 0 LEDs are turned-off and the converter is operating in the voltage regulation mode (VM). The output voltage is set via the register OV[3:0]. 00 1 LEDs are turned-off and the converter is operating in the voltage regulation mode (VM). The output voltage is set via the register OV[3:0]. 01 1 The converter is operating in the voltage regulation mode (VM) and it’s output voltage is set via the register OV[3:0]. The LEDs are turned-on for DC light operation and the energy is being directly transferred from the battery to the output. The LED currents are regulated by the means of the low-side current sinks. 10 1 The converter is operating in the voltage regulation mode (VM) and it’s output voltage is set via the register OV[3:0]. The LED currents are regulated by the means of the low-side current sinks. The LEDs are ready for flashlight operation. In direct drive mode (HC_SEL = L), the energy is being directly transferred from the battery to the output. In high-current mode (HC_SEL = H), the energy is largely supplied by the output reservoir capacitor. Nonetheless, the inductive power stage is active thereby contributing to the flash power. 11 1 LEDs are turned-off and the converter is operating in the voltage regulation mode (VM). The output voltage is set via the register OV[3:0]. START-UP SEQUENCE To avoid high inrush current during start-up, special care is taken to control the inrush current. When the device enables, the internal startup cycle starts with the first step, the pre-charge phase. During pre-charge, the rectifying switch is turned on until the output capacitor is either charged to a value close to the input voltage or ca. 3.3V, whichever occurs first. The rectifying switch is current limited during that phase. The current limit increases with decreasing input to output voltage difference. This circuit also limits the output current under short-circuit conditions at the output. Figure 58 shows the typical pre-charge current vs. input minus the output voltage for a specific input voltage. Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 33 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com 225 DC Pre-Charge Current - mA 200 VIN = 3.6 V, TA = 25°C VIN = 3.6 V, TA = -40°C 175 150 125 VIN = 3.6 V, TA = 85°C 100 75 50 25 HC_SEL = 1 0 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 Differential Input - Output Voltage - V Figure 58. Typical DC Pre-charge and Short-Circuit Current In direct drive mode (HC_SEL = L, TPS6132x), after having pre-charged the output capacitor, the device starts-up switching and increases its current limit in three steps of typically 30mA, 250mA and full current limit (ILIM setting). The current limit transitions from the first to the second step occurs after a milli-second operation. Full current limit operation is set once the output voltage has reached its regulation limits. In this mode, the active balancing circuit is disabled. In high-current mode (HC_SEL = H), the pre-charge voltage of the storage capacitor is depending on the input voltage and operating mode (i.e., voltage regulation vs. current regulation mode). In case the device is set for exclusive current regulation operation (i.e., MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 01 or 10 and ENVM = 0), the output capacitor pre-charge voltage will be close to the input voltage. Under all other operating conditions, the pre-charge voltage will either be close to the input voltage or to approximately 3.3V, whichever is lower. Furthermore, pre-charge operation can be suspended/resumed via the Tx-MASK input (refer to ILIM setting and Tx-MASK input logic state). After having pre-charged the storage capacitor, the device starts-up switching. During down-mode operation, the inductor valley current is actively limited either to 30mA or 250mA (refer to ILIM setting). As the device enters boost mode operation, the current limit transitions to its full capability (refer to ILIM setting and Tx-MASK input logic state). As a consequence, the output voltage ramps-up linearly and the start-up time needed to reach the programmed output voltage (refer to OV[3:0] bits) will mainly depend on the super-capacitor value and load current. In this mode, the active balancing circuit is enabled. 34 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 POWER GOOD (FLASH READY) The TPS6132x integrates a power good circuitry that is activated when the device is operating in voltage regulation mode (MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 11 or ENVM = 1). In shutdown mode (MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 00) the GPIO/PG pin state is defined as following: GPIOTYPE GPIO/PG SHUTDOWN STATE 0 Reset/pulled to ground 1 Open-drain Depending on the GPIO/PG output stage type selection (i.e., push-pull or open-drain), the polarity of the power-good output signal (PG) can be inverted or not. The power-good software bit and hardware signal polarity is defined as following: GPIOTYPE 0: push-pull output 1: open-drain output PG BIT GPIO/PG OUTPUT PORT 0 0 1 1 0 Open-drain 1 Low COMMENTS Output is active high signal polarity Output is active low signal polarity The power good signal is valid when the output voltage is within –1.5% and +2.5% of its nominal value. Conversely, it is asserted low when the voltage mode operation gets suspended (MODE_CTRL[1:0] ≠ 11 and ENVM = 0). Forced PWM mode operation Output Voltage Down Regulation Voltage Mode Request 1.025 VOUT (NOM ) Nom. Voltage Output Voltage, VOUT VOUT (NOM ) Start-up phase 0.985 VOUT (NOM ) Output Voltage Up Regulation Power Good Bit, (PG) Power Good Output, GPIO/PG Hi-Z Hi-Z Forced PWM mode operation (PG) Bit Figure 59. Power Good Operation (DIR = 1, GPIOTYPE = 1) The TPS6132x device uses a control architecture that allows to “recycle” excessive energy that might be stored in the output capacitor. By reversing the operation of the boost power stage, the converter is capable of transferring energy from its output back into the input source. In this case, the power good signal is de-asserted whilst the output voltage is decreasing towards its target value (i.e., the closest fit voltage the converter can support, refer to the section “Down-Mode in Voltage Regulation Mode” for additional information). Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 35 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com LED TEMPERATURE MONITORING The TPS6132x devices monitor the LED temperature by measuring the voltage between the TS and AGND pins. An internal current source provides the bias (c.a. 24 mA) for a negative-temperature coefficient resistor (NTC), and the TS pin voltage is compared to internal thresholds (1.05V and 0.345V) to protect the LEDs against overheating. The temperature monitoring related blocks are always active in DC light or flashlight modes. In voltage mode operation (MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 11), the device only activates the TS input when the ENTS bit is set to high. In shutdown mode, the LED temperature supervision is disabled and the quiescent current of the device is dramatically reduced. The LEDWARN and LEDHOT bits reflect the LED temperature. The LEDWARN bit is set when the voltage seen at the TS pin is lower than 1.05V. This threshold corresponds to an LED warning temperature value, the device operation is still permitted. While regulating LED current (i.e.. DC light or flashlight modes), the LEDHOT bit is latched when the voltage seen at the TS pin is lower than 0.345V. This threshold corresponds to an excessive LED temperature value, the device operation is immediately suspended (MODE_CTRL[1:0] bits are reset and HOTDIE[1:0] bits are set). HOT DIE DETECTOR The hot die detector monitors the junction temperature but does not shutdown the device. It provides an early warning to the camera engine to avoid excessive power dissipation thus preventing from thermal shutdown during the next high-power flash strobe. The hot die detector (HOTDIE[1:0] bits) reflects the instantaneous junction temperature and is always enabled excepted when the device is in shutdown mode (MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 00). FLASHLIGHT BLANKING (Tx-MASK) In direct drive mode (HC_SEL = 0), the Tx-MASK input signal can be used to disable the flashlight operation, e.g., during a RF PA transmission pulse. This blanking function turns the LED from flashlight to DC light thereby reducing almost instantaneously the peak current loading from the battery. The Tx-MASK function has no influence on the safety timer duration. FLASH LED CURRENT DC LIGHT Tx- MASK STRB0 Figure 60. Synchronized Flashlight With Blanking Periods (STRB1 = 0) In high-current mode (HC_SEL = 1), the Tx-MASK input pin is also used to dynamically adjusts the device’s current limit setting (i.e. controls the maximum current drawn from the input source). Refer to the section “Current Limit Operation” for additional information. 36 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT The under-voltage lockout circuit prevents the device from mis-operation at low input voltages. It prevents the converter from turning on the switch–MOSFET, or rectifier–MOSFET for battery voltages below 2.3V. The I2C compatible interface is fully functional down to 2.1V input voltage. SHUTDOWN MODE_CTRL[1:0] bits low force the device into shutdown. The shutdown state can only be entered when voltage regulation is turned-off (ENVM = 0). In direct drive mode (HC_SEL = L), the regulator stops switching, the high-side PMOS disconnects the load from the input and the LEDx pins are high impedance thus eliminating any DC conduction path. The TPS6132x device actively discharges the output capacitor when it turns off. The integrated discharge resistor has a typical resistance of 2kΩ equally split-off between VOUT to BAL and BAL to GND outputs. The required time to discharge the output capacitor at VOUT depends on load current and the effective output capacitance. The active balancing circuit is disabled and the device consumes only a shutdown current of 1mA (typ). In high-current mode (HC_SEL = H), the device maintains its output biased at the input voltage level. In this mode, the synchronous rectifier is current limited (i.e. pre-charge current) allowing external load (e.g. audio amplifier) to be powered with a restricted supply. The active balancing circuit is enabled and the device consumes only a standby current of 5mA (typ). THERMAL SHUTDOWN As soon as the junction temperature, TJ, exceeds 160°C typical, the device goes into thermal shutdown. In this mode, the power stage and the low-side current regulators are turned-off, the HOTDIE[1:0] bits are set and can only be reset by a readout. In the voltage mode operation (MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 11 or ENVM = 1), the device continues its operation when the junction temperature falls below 140°C typ. again. In the current regulation mode (i.e., DC light or flashlight modes) the device operation is suspended. STORAGE CAPACITOR ACTIVE CELL BALANCING A fully charged super-capacitor will typically have leakage current of under 1mA. The TPS6132x device integrates an active balancing feature to cut the total leakage current from the super-capacitor and balance circuit to less than 1.7mA typ. The device integrates a window comparator monitoring the tap point of the multi-cell super-capacitor. The balancing output (BAL) is substantially half the actual output voltage (VOUT). If the internal leakage current in one of the capacitors is larger than that in the other, then the voltage at their junction will tend to change in such a way that the voltage on the capacitor with the larger (or largest) leakage current will reduce. When this happens, a current will begin to flow from the BAL output in such a direction as to reduce the amount by which the voltage changes. The current that will flow after a long period of steady-state conditions will be approximately equal to the difference between the leakage currents of the pair of capacitors which is being balanced by the circuit. The output resistance of the balancing circuit (c.a. 250Ω) determines how quickly an imbalance will be corrected. Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 37 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com RED LIGHT PRIVACY INDICATOR The TPS6132x device provides a high-side linear constant current source to drive low VF LEDs. The LED current is directly regulated off the battery and can be controlled via the INDC[3:0] bits. Operation is understood best by referring to the Figure 61 and Figure 62. AVIN Backgate Control SW L VOUT VBAT CIN CO INDC [3:2] = 01 && INDC[1:0] 00 P P P VOUT < TBD V P D1 SHUTDOWN ACTIF D2 P LED2 ON/OFF Hi-Z P LED1 LED3 ON/OFF Hi-Z P AVIN INDLED INDC[3:0] High-Side LED Current Regulator Figure 61. RED Light Indicator, Configuration 1 AVIN L Backgate Control SW VOUT VBAT CIN CO INDC[3:2] = 01 && INDC[1:0] 00 P P P VOUT < TBD V P SHUTDOWN ACTIF D1 D2 P LED2 ON/OFF Hi-Z P LED1 LED3 ON/OFF Hi-Z P AVIN INDLED INDC[3:0] High-Side LED Current Regulator Figure 62. RED Light Indicator, Configuration 2 38 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 The device can provide a path to allow for reverse biasing of white LEDs (refer to Figure 62). To do so, the output of the converter (VOUT) is pulled to ground thus allowing a reverse current to flow. This mode of operation is only possible when the converter’s power stage is in shutdown (MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 00, ENVM = 0 and HC_SEL = 0). WHITE LED PRIVACY INDICATOR The TPS6132x device features white LED drive capability at low light intensity. To generate a reduced LED average current, the device employs a 30kHz fixed frequency PWM modulation scheme. The PWM timer uses the internal oscillator as reference clock, therefore the PWM modulating frequency shows the same accuracy as the internal reference clock. Operation is understood best by referring to the timer block diagram. The DC light current is modulated with a duty cycle defined by the INDC[3:0] bits. The low light dimming mode can only be activated in the software controlled DC light only mode (MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 01, ENVM = 1) and applies to the LEDs selected via ENLED[3:1] bits. In this mode, the DC light safety timeout feature is disabled. PWM Dimming Steps 5%, 11%, 17%, 23%, 30%, 36%, 48%, 67% I DCLIGHT t1 I LED (DC ) = I DCLIGHT x PWM Dimming Step 0 T PWM Figure 63. PWM Dimming Principle STORAGE CAPACITOR, PRE-CHARGE VOLTAGE CALIBRATION High-power LEDs tend to exhibit a wide forward voltage distribution. The TPS6132x device integrates a self-calibration procedure that can be used to determine the optimum super-capacitor pre-charge voltage based on the actual worst case LED forward voltage and ESR of the storage capacitor. This calibration procedure is meant to start-off at a min. output voltage and can be initiated by setting the SELFCAL bit (preferably with MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 00, ENVM = 0). The calibration procedure monitors the sense voltage across the low-side current regulators (according to ENLED[3:1] bits setting) and registers the worst case LED (i.e. the LED featuring the largest forward voltage). The TPS6132x device automatically sweeps through its output voltage range and performs a short duration flash strobe for each step (refer to FC13[1:0] and FC2[2:0] bits settings). In direct drive mode (HC_SEL = L), the energy is being directly transferred from the battery to the LEDs. In high-current mode (HC_SEL = H), the energy is supplied exclusively by the output reservoir capacitor and the inductive power stage is turned-off for the flash strobe period of time. The sequence is stopped as soon as the device detects that each of the low-side current regulators have enough headroom voltage (i.e. 400mV typ.). The device returns the according output voltage in the register OV[3:0] and sets the SELFCAL bit. This bit is only being reset at the (re-)start of a calibration cycle. In other words, when SELFCAL is asserted the output voltage register (OV[3:0]) returns the result of the last calibration sequence. Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 39 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com Output Voltage, VOUT ESR x ILED ~200 ms Feedback Sense Comparator Information VBAT Power Good, PG ~200 ms LED Flash Current, IFLASH Feedback Sense Comparator Output VLED > 400 mV OV[3:0] 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 Self-Calibration, SELFCAL bit (write) Self-Calibration, SELFCAL bit (read) X Figure 64. LED Forward Voltage Self-Calibration Principle STORAGE CAPACITOR, ADAPTIVE PRE-CHARGE VOLTAGE In high-power LED camera flash applications, the storage capacitor is supposed to be charged to an optimum voltage level in order to: • Maintain sufficient headroom voltage across the LED current regulators for the entire strobe time. • Minimize the power dissipation in the device. High-power LEDs tend to exhibit large dynamic forward voltage variation relating to own self-heating effects. In addition, the energy storage capacitor (i.e., Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor or Super-Capacitor) also shows a relatively large effective capacitance and ESR spread. The main factors contributing to these variations are: • Flash strobe duration • Temperature • Ageing effects In practice, it normally becomes very challenging to compensate for all these variations and a worst-case design would presumably be too pessimistic. As a consequence, designers would have to give-up on the benefits coming along with the “Storage Capacitor, Pre-Charge Voltage Calibration” approach. The TPS6132x device offers the possibility of controlling the storage capacitor pre-charge voltage in a closed-loop manner. The principle is to dynamically adjust the initial pre-voltage to the minimum value, as required for the particular components characteristic and operating conditions. The reference criteria used to evaluate proper operation is the headroom voltage across the LED current regulators. In case of a critical headroom voltage (VLED1-3) at the end of a flash strobe (i.e., n cycle), the pre-charge voltage should be increased prior to the next capture sequence (i.e., n+1 cycle). 40 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 Output Voltage, VOUT ESR x ILED Critical Headroom Voltage LED Flash Current, IFLASH Feedback Sense Comparator Output (VLED > 400 mV) Power Good, PG LEDHDR bit FLASH_SYNC Figure 65. Storage Capacitor, Simple Adaptive Pre-Charge Voltage SERIAL INTERFACE DESCRIPTION I2C™ is a 2-wire serial interface developed by Philips Semiconductor, now NXP Semiconductors (see I2C-Bus Specification, Version 2.1, January 2000). The bus consists of a data line (SDA) and a clock line (SCL) with pull-up structures. When the bus is idle, both SDA and SCL lines are pulled high. All the I2C compatible devices connect to the I2C bus through open drain I/O pins, SDA and SCL. A master device, usually a microcontroller or a digital signal processor, controls the bus. The master is responsible for generating the SCL signal and device addresses. The master also generates specific conditions that indicate the START and STOP of data transfer. A slave device receives and/or transmits data on the bus under control of the master device. The TPS6132x device works as a slave and supports the following data transfer modes, as defined in the I2C-Bus Specification: standard mode (100 kbps) and fast mode (400 kbps), and high-speed mode (3.4 Mbps). The interface adds flexibility to the power supply solution, enabling most functions to be programmed to new values depending on the instantaneous application requirements. Register contents remain intact as long as supply voltage remains above 2.1V. The data transfer protocol for standard and fast modes is exactly the same, therefore they are referred to as F/S-mode in this document. The protocol for high-speed mode is different from F/S-mode, and it is referred to as HS-mode. The TPS6132x device supports 7-bit addressing; 10-bit addressing and general call address are not supported. The device 7bit address is defined as ‘011 0011’. F/S-MODE PROTOCOL The master initiates data transfer by generating a start condition. The start condition is when a high-to-low transition occurs on the SDA line while SCL is high, as shown in Figure 66. All I2C-compatible devices should recognize a start condition. DATA CLK S P START Condition STOP Condition Figure 66. START and STOP Conditions Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 41 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com The master then generates the SCL pulses, and transmits the 7-bit address and the read/write direction bit R/W on the SDA line. During all transmissions, the master ensures that data is valid. A valid data condition requires the SDA line to be stable during the entire high period of the clock pulse (see Figure 67). All devices recognize the address sent by the master and compare it to their internal fixed addresses. Only the slave device with a matching address generates an acknowledge (see Figure 68) by pulling the SDA line low during the entire high period of the ninth SCL cycle. Upon detecting this acknowledge, the master knows that communication link with a slave has been established. DATA CLK Data line stable; data valid Change of data allowed Figure 67. Bit Transfer on the Serial Interface The master generates further SCL cycles to either transmit data to the slave (R/W bit 1) or receive data from the slave (R/W bit 0). In either case, the receiver needs to acknowledge the data sent by the transmitter. So an acknowledge signal can either be generated by the master or by the slave, depending on which one is the receiver. 9-bit valid data sequences consisting of 8-bit data and 1-bit acknowledge can continue as long as necessary. To signal the end of the data transfer, the master generates a stop condition by pulling the SDA line from low to high while the SCL line is high (see Figure 66). This releases the bus and stops the communication link with the addressed slave. All I2C compatible devices must recognize the stop condition. Upon the receipt of a stop condition, all devices know that the bus is released, and they wait for a start condition followed by a matching address. Attempting to read data from register addresses not listed in this section will result in 00h being read out. Figure 68. Acknowledge on the I2C Bus 42 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 Figure 69. Bus Protocol HS-MODE PROTOCOL The master generates a start condition followed by a valid serial byte containing HS master code 00001XXX. This transmission is made in F/S-mode at no more than 400 Kbps. No device is allowed to acknowledge the HS master code, but all devices must recognize it and switch their internal setting to support 3.4 Mbps operation. The master then generates a repeated start condition (a repeated start condition has the same timing as the start condition). After this repeated start condition, the protocol is the same as F/S-mode, except that transmission speeds up to 3.4 Mbps are allowed. A stop condition ends the HS-mode and switches all the internal settings of the slave devices to support the F/S-mode. Instead of using a stop condition, repeated start conditions should be used to secure the bus in HS-mode. Attempting to read data from register addresses not listed in this section will result in 00h being read out. TPS6132x I2C UPDATE SEQUENCE The TPS6132x requires a start condition, a valid I2C address, a register address byte, and a data byte for a single update. After the receipt of each byte, TPS6132x device acknowledges by pulling the SDA line low during the high period of a single clock pulse. A valid I2C address selects the TPS6132x. TPS6132x performs an update on the falling edge of the acknowledge signal that follows the LSB byte. 1 7 1 1 8 1 8 1 1 S Slave Address R/W A Register Address A Data A P “0” Write From Master to TPS6132x From TPS6132x to Master A S Sr P = Acknowledge = START condition = REPEATED START condition = STOP condition Figure 70. : “Write” Data Transfer Format in F/S-Mode Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 43 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com 1 7 1 1 8 1 1 7 1 1 8 1 1 S Slave Address R/W A Register Address A Sr Slave Address R/W A Data A P “0” Write “1” Read From Master to TPS6132x A S Sr P From TPS6132x to Master = Acknowledge = START condition = REPEATED START condition = STOP condition Figure 71. “Read” Data Transfer Format in F/S-Mode F/S Mode HS Mode F/S Mode 1 8 1 1 7 1 1 8 1 8 1 1 S HS-Master Code A Sr Slave Address R/W A Register Address A Data A/A P Data Transferred (n x Bytes + Acknowledge) HS Mode Continues Sr A A S Sr P From Master to TPS6132x From TPS6132x to Master Slave Address = Acknowledge = Acknowledge = START condition = REPEATED START condition = STOP condition Figure 72. Data Transfer Format in H/S-Mode SLAVE ADDRESS BYTE MSB X LSB X X X X X A1 A0 The slave address byte is the first byte received following the START condition from the master device. REGISTER ADDRESS BYTE MSB 0 LSB 0 0 0 00 D2 D1 D0 Following the successful acknowledgement of the slave address, the bus master will send a byte to the TPS6132x, which will contain the address of the register to be accessed. 44 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 REGISTER0 DESCRIPTION Memory location: 0x00 Description Bits Memory type Default value RESET D7 R/W 0 Bit Description RESET Register Reset bit. 0: Normal operation. 1: Default values are set to all internal registers. DCLC13[2:0] DC Light Current Control bits (LED1/3). 000: 0mA. (1) (2) 001: 28.0mA 010: 55.75mA 011: 83.25mA 100: 111.0mA 101: 138.75mA 110: 166.5mA 111: 194.25mA DCLC2[2:0] DC Light Current Control bits (LED2). 000: 0mA. (1) (2) 001: 28.0mA 010: 55.75mA 011: 83.25mA 100: 111.0mA 101: 138.75mA 110: 166.5mA, 249.75mA current level can be activated simultaneously with Tx-MASK = 1 111: 194.25mA, 360.75mA current level can be activated simultaneously with Tx-MASK = 1 (1) (2) FREE D6 R/W 0 D5 R/W 0 DCLC13[2:0] D4 R/W 0 D3 R/W 1 D2 R/W 0 DCLC2[2:0] D1 R/W 1 D0 R/W 0 LEDs are off, VOUT set according to OV[3:0]. When DCLC2[2:0] and DCLC13[2:0] are both reset, the device operates in voltage regulation mode. The output voltage is set according to OV[3:0]. Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 45 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com REGISTER1 DESCRIPTION Memory location: 0x01 Description Bits Memory type Default value MODE_CTRL[1:0] D7 D6 R/W R/W 0 0 FC2[5:0] D5 R/W 0 D4 R/W 1 D3 R/W 0 D2 R/W 0 D1 R/W 0 D0 R/W 0 Bit Description MODE_CTRL[1:0] Mode Control bits. 00: Device in shutdown mode. 01: Device operates in DC light mode. 10: Device operates in flashlight mode. 11: Device operates as constant voltage source. To avoid device shutdown by DC light safety timeout, MODE_CTRL[1:0] bits need to be refreshed within less than 13.0s. Writing to REGISTER1[7:6] automatically updates REGISTER2[7:6]. FC2[5:0] Flash Current Control bits (LED2). HC_SEL = 0 000000: 0mA. (1) (2) 000001: 28.0mA 000010: 55.75mA 000011: 83.25mA 000100: 111.0mA 000101: 138.75mA 000110: 166.5mA 000111: 194.25mA 001000: 222.0mA 001001: 249.75mA 001010: 277.5mA 001011: 305.25mA 001100: 333.0mA 001101: 360.75mA 001110: 388.5mA 001111: 416.25mA 010000: 444.0mA 010001: 471.75mA 010010: 499.5mA 010011: 527.25mA 010100: 555.0mA 010101: 582.75mA 010110: 610.5mA 010111: 638.25mA 011000: 666.0mA 011001: 693.75mA 011010: 721.5mA 011011: 749.25mA 011100: 777.0mA 011101: 804.75mA 011110: 832.5mA 011111: 860.25mA 100000 ... 111111: 888.0mA (1) (2) 46 HC_SEL = 1 000000: 0mA. (1) (2) 000001: 64mA 000010: 130mA 000011: 196mA 000100: 260mA 000101: 324mA 000110: 388mA 000111: 452mA 001000: 516mA 001001: 580mA 001010: 644mA 001011: 708mA 001100: 772mA 001101: 836mA 001110: 900mA 001111: 964mA 010000: 1028mA 010001: 1092mA 010010: 1156mA 010011: 1220mA 010100: 1284mA 010101: 1348mA 010110: 1412mA 010111: 1476mA 011000: 1540mA 011001: 1604mA 011010: 1668mA 011011: 1732mA 011100: 1796mA 011101: 1860mA 011110: 1924mA 011111: 1988mA 100000 ... 111111: 2052mA LEDs are off, VOUT set according to OV[3:0]. When FC13[4:0] and FC2[5:0] are both reset, the device operates in voltage regulation mode. The output voltage is set according to OV[3:0]. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 REGISTER2 DESCRIPTION Memory location: 0x02 Description Bits Memory type Default value MODE_CTRL[1:0] D7 D6 R/W R/W 0 0 ENVM D5 R/W 0 D4 R/W 0 D3 R/W 1 FC13[4:0] D2 R/W 0 D1 R/W 0 D0 R/W 0 Bit Description MODE_CTRL[1:0] Mode Control bits. 00: Device in shutdown mode. 01: Device operates in DC light mode. 10: Device operates in flashlight mode. 11: Device operates as constant voltage source. To avoid device shutdown by DC light safety timeout, MODE_CTRL[1:0] bits need to be refreshed within less than 13.0s. Writing to REGISTER2[6:5] automatically updates REGISTER1[6:5]. ENVM Enable Voltage Mode bit. 0: Normal operation. 1: Forces the device into a constant voltage source. In read mode, the ENVM bit returns zero. FC13[4:0] Flash Current Control bits (LED1/3). HC_SEL = 0 00000: 0mA. (1) (2) 00001: 27.75mA 00010: 55.5mA 00011: 83.25mA 00100: 111.0mA 00101: 138.75mA 00110: 166.5mA 00111: 194.25mA 01000: 222.0mA 01001: 249.75mA 01010: 277.5mA 01011: 305.25mA 01100: 333.0mA 01101: 360.75mA 01110: 388.5mA 01111: 416.25mA 10000 ... 11111: 444.0mA (1) (2) HC_SEL = 1 00000: 0mA. (1) (2) 00001: 64.5mA 00010: 127.0mA 00011: 192.0mA 00100: 256.0mA 00101: 320.25mA 00110: 384.5mA 00111: 448.75mA 01000: 513.0mA 01001: 577.25mA 01010: 641.5mA 01011: 705.75mA 01100: 770.0mA 01101: 834.25mA 01110: 898.5mA 01111: 962.75mA 10000 ... 11111: 1027.0mA LEDs are off, VOUT set according to OV[3:0]. When FC13[4:0] and FC2[5:0] are both reset, the device operates in voltage regulation mode. The output voltage is set according to OV[3:0]. Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 47 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com REGISTER3 DESCRIPTION Memory location: 0x03 Description Bits Memory type Default value STIM[2:0] D7 R/W 1 D6 R/W 1 Bit Description STIM[2:0] Safety Timer bits. STIM[2:0] RANGE 0 HPLF D5 R/W 0 D4 R 0 SELSTIM (W) TO (R) D3 R 0 RANGE 1 STIM[2:0] RANGE 0 RANGE 1 000 68.2ms 5.3ms 100 204.5ms 26.6ms 001 102.2ms 10.7ms 101 340.8ms 32.0ms 010 136.3ms 16.0ms 110 579.3ms 37.3ms 011 170.4ms 21.3ms 111 852ms 71.5ms STT SFT Tx-MASK D2 R/W 0 D1 R/W 0 D0 R/W 1 HPFL High-Power LED Failure flag. 0: Proper LED operation. 1: LED failed (open or shorted). High-power LED failure flag is reset after readout SELSTIM Safety Timer Selection Range (Write Only). 0: Safety timer range 0. 1: Safety timer range 1. TO Time-Out Flag (Read Only). 0: No time-out event occurred. 1: Time-out event occurred. Time-out flag is reset at re-start of the safety timer. STT Safety Timer Trigger bit. 0: LED safety timer is level sensitive. 1: LED safety timer is rising edge sensitive. This bit is only valid for MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 10. SFT Start/Flash Timer bit. In write mode, this bit initiates a flash strobe sequence. Notice that this bit is only active when STRB0 input is high. 0: No change in the high-power LED current. 1: High-power LED current ramps to the flash current level. In read mode, this bit indicates the high-power LED status. 0: High-power LEDs are idle. 1: Ongoing high-power LED flash strobe. Tx-MASK Flash Blanking Control bit. In write mode, this bit enables/disables the flash blanking/LED current reduction function. 0: Flash blanking disabled. 1: LED current is reduced to DC light level when Tx-MASK input is high. In read mode, this flag indicates whether or not the flashlight masking input has been activated. Tx-MASK flag is reset after readout of the flag. 0: No flash blanking event occurred. 1: Tx-MASK input triggered. 48 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 REGISTER4 DESCRIPTION Memory location: 0x04 Description Bits Memory type Default value PG D7 R/W 0 HOTDIE[1:0] D6 D5 R R 0 0 ILIM D4 R/W 0 INC[3:0] D3 R/W 0 D2 R/W 0 Bit Description PG Power Good bit. In write mode, this bit selects the functionality of the GPIO/PG output. 0: PG signal is routed to the GPIO port. 1: GPIO PORT VALUE bit is routed to the GPIO port. In read mode, this bit indicates the output voltage conditions. 0: The converter is not operating within the voltage regulation limits. 1: The output voltage is within its nominal value. HOTDIE[1:0] Instantaneous Die Temperature bits. 00: TJ < +55°C 01: +55°C < TJ < +70°C 10: TJ > +70°C 11: Thermal shutdown tripped. Indicator flag is reset after readout. ILIM Inductor Valley Current Limit bit. The ILIM bit can only be set before the device enters operation (i.e. initial shutdown state). VALLEY CURRENT LIMIT SETTING ILIM BIT SETTING HC_SEL INPUT LEVEL Tx-MASK INPUT LEVEL 1150 mA Low Low Low 1600 mA High Low Low Low 30 mA Low High 250 mA High High Low 1150 mA Low Low High 1600 mA High Low High (1) Low High High n/a (1) High High High n/a INDC[3:0] D0 R/W 0 Indicator Light Control bits. INDC[3:0] (1) (2) (3) D1 R/W 0 PRIVACY INDICATOR INDLED CHANNEL INDC[3:0] PRIVACY INDICATOR LED1-3 CHANNELS (2) 0000 Privacy indicator turned-off 1000 5% PWM dimming ratio 0001 INDLED current = 2.6mA (3) 1001 11% PWM dimming ratio 0010 INDLED current = 5.2mA (3) 1010 17% PWM dimming ratio 0011 INDLED current = 7.9mA (3) 1011 23% PWM dimming ratio 0100 Privacy indicator turned-off 1100 30% PWM dimming ratio 0101 INDLED current = 5.2mA (3) 1101 36% PWM dimming ratio 0110 INDLED current = 10.4mA (3) 1110 48% PWM dimming ratio 0111 INDLED current = 15.8mA 1111 67% PWM dimming ratio (3) The DC/DC power stage is disabled, zero current is being drained from the input source. This mode of operation can only be activated for MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 01 & ENVM = 1 & STRB1 = 0. For HC_SEL = L, the output node (VOUT) is internally pulled to ground. Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 49 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com REGISTER5 DESCRIPTION Memory location: 0x05 Description Bits Memory type Default value SELFCAL ENPSM D7 R/W 0 D6 R/W 1 DIR (W) STSTRB1 (R) D5 R/W 1 GPIO GPIOTYPE ENLED3 ENLED2 ENLED1 D4 R/W 0 D3 R/W 1 D2 R/W 0 D1 R/W 1 D0 R/W 0 Bit Description SELFCAL High-Current LED Forward Voltage Self-Calibration Start bit. In write mode, this bit enables/disables the output voltage vs. LED forward voltage/current self-calibration procedure. 0: Self-calibration disabled. 1: Self-calibration enabled. In read mode, this bit returns the status of the self-calibration procedure. 0: Self-calibration ongoing 1: Self-calibration done Notice that this bit is only being reset at the (re-)start of a calibration cycle. ENPSM Enable / Disable Power-Save Mode bit. 0: Power-save mode disabled. 1: Power-save mode enabled. STSTRB1 STRB1 Input Status bit (Read Only). This bit indicates the logic state on the STRB1 state. DIR GPIO Direction bit. 0: GPIO configured as input. 1: GPIO configured as output. GPIO GPIO Port Value. This bit contains the GPIO port value. GPIOTYPE GPIO Port Type. 0: GPIO is configured as push-pull output. 1: GPIO is configured as open-drain output. ENLED3 Enable / Disable High-Current LED3 bit. 0: LED3 input is disabled. 1: LED3 input is enabled. ENLED2 Enable / Disable High-Current LED2 bit. 0: LED2 input is disabled. 1: LED2 input is enabled. ENLED1 Enable / Disable High-Current LED1 bit. 0: LED1 input is disabled. 1: LED1 input is enabled. 50 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 REGISTER6 DESCRIPTION Memory location: 0x06 Description Bits Memory type Default value ENTS D7 R/W 0 LEDHOT D6 R/W 0 LEDWARN D5 R 0 LEDHDR D4 R 0 OV[3:0] D3 R/W 1 D2 R/W 0 D1 R/W 0 D0 R/W 1 Bit Description ENTS Enable / Disable LED Temperature Monitoring. 0: LED temperature monitoring disabled. 1: LED temperature monitoring enabled LEDHOT LED Excessive Temperature Flag. This bit can be reset by writing a logic level zero. 0: TS input voltage > 0.345V. 1: TS input voltage < 0.345V. LEDWARN LED Temperature Warning Flag (Read Only). This flag is reset after readout. 0: TS input voltage > 1.05V. 1: TS input voltage < 1.05V. LEDHDR LED High-Current Regulator Headroom Voltage Monitoring bit. This bit returns the headroom voltage status of the LED high-current regulators. This value is being updated at the end of a flash strobe, prior to the LED current ramp-down phase. 0: Low headroom voltage. 1: Sufficient headroom voltage. 0V[3:0] Output Voltage Selection bits. In read mode, these bits return the result of the high-current LED forward voltage self-calibration procedure. In write mode, these bits are used to set the target output voltage (refer to voltage regulation mode). In applications requiring dynamic voltage control, care should be take to set the new target code after voltage mode operation has been enabled (MODE_CTRL[1:0] = 11 and/or ENVM bit = 1). OV[3:0] Target Output Voltage 0000 3.825V 0001 3.950V 0010 4.075V 0011 4.200V 0100 4.325V 0101 4.450V 0110 4.575V 0111 4.700V 1000 4.825V 1001 4.950V 1010 5.075V 1011 5.200V 1100 5.325V 1101 5.450V 1110 5.575V 1111 5.700V Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 51 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com REGISTER7 DESCRIPTION Memory location: 0x07 Description Bits Memory type Default value D7 R/W 0 D6 R/W 0 Bit Description REVID[2:0] Silicon Revision ID. 52 Submit Documentation Feedback NOT USED D5 R/W 0 D4 R/W 0 D3 R/W 0 D2 R 1 REVID[2:0] D1 R 1 D0 R 0 Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 APPLICATION INFORMATION INDUCTOR SELECTION A boost converter requires two main passive components for storing energy during the conversion. A boost inductor and a storage capacitor at the output are required. The TPS6132x device integrates a current limit protection circuitry. The valley current of the PMOS rectifier is sensed to limit the maximum current flowing through the synchronous rectifier and the inductor. The valley peak current limit (250mA/1150mA/1600mA) is user selectable via the I2C interface. In order to optimize solution size the TPS6132x device has been designed to operate with inductance values between a minimum of 1.3 mH and maximum of 2.9 mH. In typical high current white LED applications a 2.2mH inductance is recommended. The highest peak current through the inductor and the power switch depends on the output load, the input and output voltages. Estimation of the maximum average inductor current and the maximum inductor peak current can be done using Equation 2 and Equation 3: VOUT IL » IOUT ´ η ´ VIN (2) IL(PEAK) = VIN ´ D 2 ´ f ´ L + IOUT (1 - D) ´ h with D = VOUT - VIN VOUT (3) With f = switching frequency (2MHz) L = inductance value (2.2mH) h = estimated efficiency (85%) The losses in the inductor caused by magnetic hysteresis losses and copper losses are a major parameter for total circuit efficiency. Table 4. List of Inductors MANUFACTURER FDK MURATA SERIES DIMENSIONS MIPST2520 2.5mm x 2.0mm x 0.8mm max. height ILIM SETTINGS MIP2520 2.5mm x 2.0mm x 1.0mm max. height MIPSA2520 2.5mm x 2.0mm x 1.2mm max. height LQM2HP-G0 2.5mm x 2.0mm x 1.0mm max. height LQM2HP-GC 2.5mm x 2.0mm x 1.0mm max. height TDK VLF3014AT 2.6mm x 2.8mm x 1.4mm max. height COILCRAFT LPS3015 3.0mm x 3.0mm x 1.5mm max. height MURATA LQH2HPN 2.5mm x 2.0mm x 1.2mm max. height TOKO FDSE0312 3.0mm x 3.0mm x 1.2mm max. height MURATA LQM32PN 3.2mm x 2.5mm x 1.2mm max. height 250mA (typ.) 1150mA (typ.) 1600mA (typ.) INPUT CAPACITOR For good input voltage filtering low ESR ceramic capacitors are recommended. A 10-mF input capacitor is recommended to improve transient behavior of the regulator and EMI behavior of the total power supply circuit. The input capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the input pin of the converter. Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 53 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com OUTPUT CAPACITOR The major parameter necessary to define the output capacitor is the maximum allowed output voltage ripple of the converter. This ripple is determined by two parameters of the capacitor, the capacitance and the ESR. It is possible to calculate the minimum capacitance needed for the defined ripple, supposing that the ESR is zero, by using Equation 4: IOUT × (V OUT - VIN) Cmin » f ´ DV ´ V OUT (4) Parameter f is the switching frequency and ΔV is the maximum allowed ripple. With a chosen ripple voltage of 10mV, a minimum capacitance of 10mF is needed. The total ripple is larger due to the ESR of the output capacitor. This additional component of the ripple can be calculated using Equation 5: ΔVESR = IOUT × RESR (5) The total ripple is the sum of the ripple caused by the capacitance and the ripple caused by the ESR of the capacitor. Additional ripple is caused by load transients. This means that the output capacitor has to completely supply the load during the charging phase of the inductor. A reasonable value of the output capacitance depends on the speed of the load transients and the load current during the load change. For the standard current white LED application (HC_SEL = 0, TPS6132x), a minimum of 3mF effective output capacitance is usually required when operating with 2.2mH (typ) inductors. For solution size reasons, this is usually one or more X5R/X7R ceramic capacitors. Depending on the material, size and therefore margin to the rated voltage of the used output capacitor, degradation on the effective capacitance can be observed. This loss of capacitance is related to the DC bias voltage applied. It is therefore always recommended to check that the selected capacitors are showing enough effective capacitance under real operating conditions. To support high-current camera flash application (HC_SEL = 1), the converter is designed to work with a low voltage super-capacitor on the output to take advantage of the benefits they offer. A low-voltage super-capacitor in the 0.1F to 1.5F range, and with ESR larger than 40mΩ, is suitable in the TPS6132x application circuit. For this device the output capacitor should be connected between the VOUT pin and a good ground connection. 54 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 NTC SELECTION The TPS6132x requires a negative thermistor (NTC) for sensing the LED temperature. Once the temperature monitoring feature is activated, a regulated bias current (c.a. 24mA) will be driven out of the TS port and produce a voltage across the thermistor. If the temperature of the NTC-thermistor rises due to the heat dissipated by the LED, the voltage on the TS input pin decreases. When this voltage goes below the “warning threshold”, the LEDWARN bit in REGISTER6 is set. This flag is cleared by reading the register. If the voltage on the TS input decreases further and falls below “hot threshold”, the LEDHOT bit in REGISTER6 is set and the device goes automatically in shutdown mode to avoid damaging the LED. This status is latched until the LEDHOT flag gets cleared by software. The selection of the NTC-thermistor value strongly depends on the power dissipated by the LED and all components surrounding the temperature sensor and on the cooling capabilities of each specific application. With a 220kΩ (at 25°C) thermistor, the valid temperature window is set between 60°C to 90°C. The temperature window can be enlarged by adding external resistors to the TS pin application circuit. In order to ensure proper triggering of the LEDWARN and LEDHOT flags in noisy environments, the TS signal may require additional filtering capacitance. Figure 73. Temperature Monitoring Characteristic Table 5. List of Negative Thermistor (NTC) MANUFACTURER PART NUMBER VALUE MURATA NCP18WM224J03RB 220kΩ Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 55 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com CHECKING LOOP STABILITY The first step of circuit and stability evaluation is to look from a steady-state perspective at the following signals: • Switching node, SW • Inductor current, IL • Output ripple voltage, VOUT(AC) These are the basic signals that need to be measured when evaluating a switching converter. When the switching waveform shows large duty cycle jitter or the output voltage or inductor current shows oscillations the regulation loop may be unstable. This is often a result of improper board layout and/or L-C combination. As a next step in the evaluation of the regulation loop the load transient response needs to be tested. VOUT can be monitored for settling time, overshoot or ringing that helps judge the converter's stability. Without any ringing, the loop has usually more than 45° of phase margin. Because the damping factor of the circuitry is directly related to several resistive parameters (e.g., MOSFET rDS(on)) that are temperature dependant, the loop stability analysis has to be done over the input voltage range, output current range, and temperature range. LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS As for all switching power supplies, the layout is an important step in the design, especially at high peak currents and high switching frequencies. If the layout is not carefully done, the regulator could show stability problems as well as EMI problems. Therefore, use wide and short traces for the main current path and for the power ground tracks. The input capacitor, output capacitor, and the inductor should be placed as close as possible to the IC. Use a common ground node for power ground and a different one for control ground to minimize the effects of ground noise. Connect these ground nodes at any place close to one of the ground pins of the IC. To lay out the control ground, it is recommended to use short traces as well, separated from the power ground traces. This avoids ground shift problems, which can occur due to superimposition of power ground current and control ground current. L1 GND SDA COUT INDLED B2: SCL B3: HC_SEL C3: Tx_MASK D3: STRB1 D4: GPIO/PG BAL STRB0 1 TS CIN GND VIN LED2 LED1 LED3 Figure 74. Suggested Layout (Top) 56 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 THERMAL INFORMATION Implementation of integrated circuits in low-profile and fine-pitch surface-mount packages typically requires special attention to power dissipation. Many system-dependant issues such as thermal coupling, airflow, added heat sinks and convection surfaces, and the presence of other heat-generating components affect the power-dissipation limits of a given component. Three basic approaches for enhancing thermal performance are listed below: • Improving the power dissipation capability of the PCB design • Improving the thermal coupling of the component to the PCB • Introducing airflow in the system Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance is highly application and board-layout dependent. In applications where high maximum power dissipation exists, special care must be paid to thermal dissipation issues in board design. The maximum junction temperature (TJ) of the TPS6132x is 150°C. PDIS - Single Pulse Constant Power Dissipation - W The maximum power dissipation is especially critical when the device operates in the linear down mode at high LED current. For single pulse power thermal analysis (e.g., flashlight strobe), the allowable power dissipation for the device is given by Figure 75. These values are derived using the reference design. 10 9 8 TJ = 65°C rise 7 6 5 4 3 2 TJ = 40°C rise 1 No Airflow 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Pulse Width - ms Figure 75. Single Pulse Power Capability Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 57 TPS61325 SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com TYPICAL APPLICATIONS TPS61325 SW SW 2.2 mH VOUT SUPER-CAP L AVIN 2.5 V..5.5 V HC_ SEL CI BAL PHONE POWER ON CO D1 10 mF D2 LED 1 CAMERA ENGINE STRB0 LED 2 STRB1 LED 3 INDLED SCL SDA I2C I/F Privacy Indicator 1.8 V Tx-MASK NTC GPIO/PG TS 220k PGND PGND AGND FLASH READY Figure 76. 4100mA Two White High-Power LED Flashlight Featuring Storage Capacitor TPS61325 L 2.2 mH SW SW VOUT CO AVIN 2.5 V..5.5 V HC_ SEL CI BAL 10 mF D1 D2 LED 1 CAMERA ENGINE FLASH SYNCHRONIZATION STRB0 LED 2 STRB1 LED 3 INDLED I2C I/F RF PA TX ACTIVE SCL SDA Privacy Indicator Tx-MASK NTC TS GPIO/PG 220k AGND PGND PGND Figure 77. 2x 600mA High Power White LED Solution Featuring Privacy Indicator 58 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS61325 www.ti.com SLVS977 – FEBRUARY 2010 PACKAGE SUMMARY CHIP SCALE PACKAGE (BOTTOM VIEW) D A4 A3 A2 A1 B4 B3 B2 B1 C4 C3 C2 C1 D4 D3 D2 D1 E4 E3 E2 E1 E CHIP SCALE PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) YMLLLLS TPS613__ A1 Code: • YM — Year Month date code • LLLL — Lot trace code • S — Assembly site code CHIP SCALE PACKAGE DIMENSIONS The TPS6132x device is available in a 20-bump chip scale package (YFF, NanoFree™). The package dimensions are given as: • D = 2170 ±30 mm • E = 1928 ±30 mm Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 59 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 2-Apr-2010 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty TPS61325YFFR ACTIVE DSBGA YFF 20 1 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) SNAGCU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TPS61325YFFT ACTIVE DSBGA YFF 20 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) SNAGCU Level-1-260C-UNLIM Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. 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