HT46R232/HT46C232 A/D Type 8-Bit MCU Technical Document · Tools Information · FAQs · Application Note - HA0005E Controlling the I2C bus with the HT48 & HT46 MCU Series - HA0013E HT48 & HT46 LCM Interface Design - HA0017E Controlling the Read/Write Function of the HT24 Series EEPROM Using the HT49 Series MCUs Features · Operating voltage: · Up to 0.5ms instruction cycle with 8MHz system clock fSYS=4MHz: 2.2V~5.5V fSYS=8MHz: 3.3V~5.5V at VDD=5V · 8-level subroutine nesting · 40 bidirectional I/O lines (max.) · 8 channels 10-bit resolution A/D converter · 1 interrupt input shared with an I/O line · 4-channel 8-bit PWM output shared with · Two 16-bit programmable timer/event counter with four I/O lines overflow interrupt · Bit manipulation instruction · On-chip crystal and RC oscillator · 16-bit table read instruction · Watchdog Timer · 63 powerful instructions · 4096´16 program memory · All instructions in one or two machine cycles · 192´8 data memory RAM · Low voltage reset function · Supports PFD for sound generation · I2C Bus (slave mode) · HALT function and wake-up feature reduce power · 28-pin SKDIP/SOP, 48-pin SSOP packages consumption General Description The advantages of low power consumption, I/O flexibility, programmable frequency divider, timer functions, oscillator options, multi-channel A/D Converter, Pulse Width Modulation function, I2C interface, HALT and wake-up functions, enhance the versatility of these devices to suit a wide range of A/D application possibilities such as sensor signal processing, motor driving, industrial control, consumer products, subsystem controllers, etc. The HT46R232/HT46C232 are 8-bit, high performance, RISC architecture microcontroller devices specifically designed for A/D applications that interface directly to analog signals, such as those from sensors. The mask version HT46C232 is fully pin and functionally compatible with the OTP version HT46R232 device. 2 I C is a trademark of Philips Semiconductors. Rev. 1.40 1 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 Block Diagram In te rru p t C ir c u it S T A C K P ro g ra m E P R O M P ro g ra m C o u n te r IN T C M M P D A T A M e m o ry X P F C P o rt F P F P W P A 5 M U X In s tr u c tio n D e c o d e r P o rt D P D S T A T U S A L U U fS P r e s c a le r X Y S T M R 0 T M R 1 X fS X fS Y S Y S /4 /4 W D T O S C P F 0 ~ P F 7 M P D C P C C S h ifte r T im in g G e n e ra to r U M W D T U U M T M R 1 C T M R 1 P F D 1 B P In s tr u c tio n R e g is te r M T M R 0 C T M R 0 P F D 0 P o rt C P C P D 0 /P W M 0 ~ P D 3 /P W P D 4 ~ P D 7 M 3 P C 0 ~ P C 7 8 -C h a n n e l A /D C o n v e rte r O S C 2 O S R E V D V S S S H A L T A C C C 1 D E N /D IS P B C P o rt B P B L V R P A C P o rt A P A 2 I C B u s S la v e M o d e P B 0 /A N 0 ~ P B 7 /A N 7 P A P A P A P A P A P A 0 ~ 3 / 4 5 / 6 / 7 / P A 2 P F D IN T S D A S C L Pin Assignment 1 4 8 P B 6 /A N 6 P B 4 /A N 4 2 4 7 P B 7 /A N 7 P A 3 /P F D 3 4 6 P A 4 P A 2 4 4 5 P A 5 /IN T P A 1 5 4 4 P A 6 /S D A P A 0 6 4 3 P A 7 /S C L P B 3 /A N 3 7 4 2 P F 4 P B 2 /A N 2 8 4 1 P F 5 P B 1 /A N 1 9 4 0 P F 6 P B 0 /A N 0 1 0 3 9 P F 7 P B 5 /A N 5 1 2 8 P B 6 /A N 6 N C 1 1 3 8 O S C 2 P B 4 /A N 4 2 2 7 P B 7 /A N 7 P F 3 1 2 3 7 O S C 1 P A 3 /P F D 3 2 6 P A 4 P F 2 1 3 3 6 V D D P A 2 4 2 5 P A 5 /IN T P F 1 1 4 3 5 R E S P A 1 5 2 4 P A 6 /S D A P D 7 1 5 3 4 T M R 1 P A 0 6 2 3 P A 7 /S C L P D 6 1 6 3 3 P D 3 /P W M 3 P B 3 /A N 3 7 2 2 O S C 2 P D 5 1 7 3 2 P D 2 /P W M 2 P B 2 /A N 2 8 2 1 O S C 1 P D 4 1 8 3 1 P D 1 /P W M 1 P B 1 /A N 1 9 2 0 V D D V S S 1 9 3 0 P D 0 /P W M 0 P B 0 /A N 0 1 0 1 9 R E S P F 0 2 0 2 9 P C 7 V S S 1 1 1 8 P D 1 /P W M 1 /T M R 1 T M R 0 2 1 2 8 P C 6 P C 0 1 2 1 7 P D 0 /P W M 0 P C 0 2 2 2 7 P C 5 P C 1 1 3 1 6 P C 4 P C 1 2 3 2 6 P C 4 P C 2 1 4 1 5 P C 3 P C 2 2 4 2 5 P C 3 H T 4 6 R 2 3 2 /H T 4 6 C 2 3 2 2 8 S K D IP -A /S O P -A Rev. 1.40 P B 5 /A N 5 H T 4 6 R 2 3 2 /H T 4 6 C 2 3 2 4 8 S S O P -A 2 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 Pin Description Pin Name PA0~PA2 PA3/PFD PA4 PA5/INT PA6/SDA PA7/SCL I/O Options Description I/O Pull-high Wake-up PA3 or PFD I/O or Serial Bus Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each bit can be configured as wake-up input by option (bit option). Software instructions determine the CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor (determined by pull-high options: bit option). The PFD and INT are pin-shared with PA3 and PA5, respectively. Once the I2C Bus function is used, the internal registers related to PA6 and PA7 cannot be used. PB0/AN0 PB1/AN1 PB2/AN2 PB3/AN3 PB4/AN4 PB5/AN5 PB6/AN6 PB7/AN7 I/O Pull-high Bidirectional 8-bits input/output port. Software instructions determine the CMOS output, Schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor (determined by pull-high option: bit option) or A/D input. Once a PB line is selected as an A/D input (by using software control), the I/O function and pull-high resistor are automatically disabled. PC0~PC7 I/O Pull-high Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine the CMOS output, Schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor (determine by pull-high option: byte option). PD0/PWM0 PD1/PWM1 PD2/PWM2 PD3/PWM3 PD4~PD7 I/O Pull-high PWM Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine the CMOS output, Schmitt trigger input with or without a pull-high resistor (determined by pull-high option: byte option). The PWM0/PWM1/PWM2/ PWM3 output function are pin-shared with PD0/PD1/PD2/PD3 (depending on the PWM options). PF0~PF7 I/O Pull-high Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine the CMOS output, Schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor (determine by pull-high option: byte option). TMR0 I ¾ Timer/Event Counter 0 Schmitt trigger input (without pull-high resistor) TMR1 I ¾ Timer/Event Counter 1 Schmitt trigger input (without pull-high resistor). RES I ¾ Schmitt trigger reset input, active low VSS ¾ ¾ Negative power supply, ground VDD ¾ ¾ Positive power supply OSC1 OSC2 I O Crystal or RC OSC1 and OSC2 are connected to an RC network or a crystal (by options) for the internal system clock. In the case of RC operation, OSC2 is the output terminal for 1/4 system clock. Absolute Maximum Ratings Supply Voltage ...........................VSS-0.3V to VSS+6.0V Storage Temperature ............................-50°C to 125°C Input Voltage..............................VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V Operating Temperature...........................-40°C to 85°C Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under ²Absolute Maximum Ratings² may cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliability. Rev. 1.40 3 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 D.C. Characteristics Ta=25°C Test Conditions Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit fSYS=4MHz 2.2 ¾ 5.5 V fSYS=8MHz 3.3 ¾ 5.5 V ¾ 0.6 1.5 mA ¾ 2 4 mA ¾ 0.8 1.5 mA ¾ 2.5 4 mA ¾ 4 8 mA ¾ ¾ 5 mA ¾ ¾ 10 mA ¾ ¾ 1 mA ¾ ¾ 2 mA Conditions VDD VDD IDD1 Operating Voltage ¾ 3V Operating Current (Crystal OSC) 5V IDD2 3V Operating Current (RC OSC) 5V IDD3 Operating Current (Crystal OSC, RC OSC) ISTB1 Standby Current (WDT Enabled) 5V No load, fSYS=4MHz ADC disable No load, fSYS=4MHz ADC disable No load, fSYS=8MHz ADC disable 3V No load, system HALT 5V ISTB2 3V Standby Current (WDT Disabled) No load, system HALT 5V VIL1 Input Low Voltage for I/O Ports, TMR0, TMR1 and INT ¾ ¾ 0 ¾ 0.3VDD V VIH1 Input High Voltage for I/O Ports, TMR0, TMR1 and INT ¾ ¾ 0.7VDD ¾ VDD V VIL2 Input Low Voltage (RES) ¾ ¾ 0 ¾ 0.4VDD V VIH2 Input High Voltage (RES) ¾ ¾ 0.9VDD ¾ VDD V VLVR Low Voltage Reset Voltage ¾ ¾ 2.7 3 3.3 V IOL 4 8 ¾ mA I/O Port Sink Current 10 20 ¾ mA -2 -4 ¾ mA -5 -10 ¾ mA 20 60 100 kW 10 30 50 kW 3V VOL=0.1VDD 5V IOH 3V I/O Port Source Current VOH=0.9VDD 5V RPH 3V ¾ Pull-high Resistance 5V VAD A/D Input Voltage ¾ ¾ 0 ¾ VDD V EAD A/D Conversion Error ¾ ¾ ¾ ±0.5 ±1 LSB IADC Additional Power Consumption if A/D Converter is Used 3V ¾ 0.5 1 mA ¾ 1.5 3 mA Rev. 1.40 ¾ 5V 4 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 A.C. Characteristics Ta=25°C Test Conditions Symbol Parameter fSYS fTIMER tWDTOSC System Clock Timer I/P Frequency (TMR0/TMR1) Min. Typ. Max. Unit Conditions VDD ¾ 2.2V~5.5V 400 ¾ 4000 kHz ¾ 3.3V~5.5V 400 ¾ 8000 kHz ¾ 2.2V~5.5V 0 ¾ 4000 kHz ¾ 3.3V~5.5V 0 ¾ 8000 kHz 3V ¾ 45 90 180 ms 5V ¾ 32 65 130 ms ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ ms ¾ 1024 ¾ *tSYS Watchdog Oscillator Period tRES External Reset Low Pulse Width ¾ tSST System Start-up Timer Period ¾ tINT Interrupt Pulse Width ¾ ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ ms tAD A/D Clock Period ¾ ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ ms tADC A/D Conversion Time ¾ ¾ ¾ 76 ¾ tAD tADCS A/D Sampling Time ¾ ¾ ¾ 32 ¾ tAD tIIC I2C Bus Clock Period ¾ 64 ¾ ¾ *tSYS Wake-up from HALT Connect to external pull-high resistor 2kW Note: *tSYS=1/fSYS Rev. 1.40 5 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 Functional Description Execution Flow the value of the PC is incremented by 1. The PC then points to the memory word containing the next instruction code. When executing a jump instruction, conditional skip execution, loading a PCL register, a subroutine call, an initial reset, an internal interrupt, an external interrupt, or returning from a subroutine, the PC manipulates the program transfer by loading the address corresponding to each instruction. The system clock is derived from either a crystal or an RC oscillator. It is internally divided into four non-overlapping clocks. One instruction cycle consists of four system clock cycles. Instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such a way that a fetch takes one instruction cycle while decoding and execution takes the next instruction cycle. The pipelining scheme makes it possible for each instruction to be effectively executed in a cycle. If an instruction changes the value of the program counter, two cycles are required to complete the instruction. The conditional skip is activated by instructions. Once the condition is met, the next instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle replaces it to get a proper instruction; otherwise proceed to the next instruction. Program Counter - PC The lower byte of the PC (PCL) is a readable and writeable register (06H). Moving data into the PCL performs a short jump. The destination is within 256 locations. The program counter (PC) is 12 bits wide and it controls the sequence in which the instructions stored in the program ROM are executed. The contents of the PC can specify a maximum of 4096 addresses. After accessing a program memory word to fetch an instruction code, S y s te m C lo c k T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 When a control transfer takes place, an additional dummy cycle is required. T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 O S C 2 ( R C o n ly ) P C P C P C + 1 F e tc h IN S T (P C ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C -1 ) P C + 2 F e tc h IN S T (P C + 1 ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C ) F e tc h IN S T (P C + 2 ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C + 1 ) Execution Flow Mode Program Counter *11 *10 *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0 Initial Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 External Interrupt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 A/D Converter Interrupt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 I2C Bus Interrupt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 Loading PCL *11 *10 *9 *8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 Jump, Call Branch #11 #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 Return from Subroutine S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 Skip Program Counter + 2 Program Counter Note: *11~*0: Program counter bits #11~#0: Instruction code bits Rev. 1.40 S11~S0: Stack register bits @7~@0: PCL bits 6 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 · Location 00CH Program Memory - EPROM Location 00CH is reserved for the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt service program. If a timer interrupt results from a Timer/Event Counter 1 overflow, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 00CH. The program memory (EPROM) is used to store the program instructions which are to be executed. It also contains data, table, and interrupt entries, and is organized into 4096´16 bits which are addressed by the program counter and table pointer. · Location 010H Certain locations in the ROM are reserved for special usage: Location 010H is reserved for the A/D converter interrupt service program. If an A/D converter interrupt results from an end of A/D conversion, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 010H. · Location 000H Location 000H is reserved for program initialization. After chip reset, the program always begins execution at this location. · Location 014H This area is reserved for the I2C Bus interrupt service program. If the I2C Bus interrupt resulting from a slave address is match or completed one byte of data transfer, and if the interrupt is enable and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 014H. · Location 004H Location 004H is reserved for the external interrupt service program. If the INT input pin is activated, and the interrupt is enabled, and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 004H. · Table location · Location 008H Any location in the ROM can be used as a look-up table. The instructions ²TABRDC [m]² (the current page, page=256 words) and ²TABRDL [m]² (the last page) transfer the contents of the lower-order byte to the specified data memory, and the contents of the higher-order byte to TBLH (Table Higher-order byte register) (08H). Only the destination of the lower-order byte in the table is well-defined; the other bits of the table word are all transferred to the lower portion of TBLH. The TBLH is read only, and the table pointer (TBLP) is a read/write register (07H), indicating the table location. Before accessing the table, the location should be placed in TBLP. All the table related instructions require 2 cycles to complete the operation. These areas may function as a normal ROM depending upon the users requirements Location 008H is reserved for the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt service program. If a timer interrupt results from a Timer/Event Counter 0 overflow, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 008H. 0 0 0 H D e v ic e In itia liz a tio n P r o g r a m 0 0 4 H 0 0 8 H 0 0 C H E x te r n a l In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 0 In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 1 In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e 0 1 0 H A /D 0 1 4 H C o n v e rte r In te rru p t I2C n 0 0 H P ro g ra m M e m o ry B u s In te rru p t Stack Register - STACK This is a special part of the memory which is used to save the contents of the program counter only. The stack is organized into 8 levels and is neither part of the data nor part of the program space, and is neither readable nor writeable. The activated level is indexed by the stack pointer (SP) and is neither readable nor writeable. At the state of a subroutine call or an interrupt acknowledgment, the contents of the program counter are pushed onto the stack. At the end of the subroutine or an interrupt routine, signaled by a return instruction (RET or RETI), the program counter is restored to its previous L o o k - u p T a b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s ) n F F H F 0 0 H L o o k - u p T a b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s ) F F F H 1 6 b its N o te : n ra n g e s fro m 0 to F Program Memory Instruction Table Location *11 *10 *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0 TABRDC [m] P11 P10 P9 P8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 TABRDL [m] 1 1 1 1 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 Table Location Note: *11~*0: Table location bits @7~@0: Table pointer bits Rev. 1.40 P11~P8: Current program counter bits 7 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 All of the data memory areas can handle arithmetic, logic, increment, decrement and rotate operations directly. Except for some dedicated bits, each bit in the data memory can be set and reset by ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i². They are also indirectly accessible through memory pointer registers (MP0;01H/MP1;03H). The space before 40H is overlapping in each bank. value from the stack. After a chip reset, the SP will point to the top of the stack. If the stack is full and a non-masked interrupt takes place, the interrupt request flag will be recorded but the acknowledgment will be inhibited. When the stack pointer is decremented (by RET or RETI), the interrupt is serviced. This feature prevents stack overflow, allowing the programmer to use the structure more easily. If the stack is full and a ²CALL² is subsequently executed, stack overflow occurs and the first entry will be lost (only the most recent 8 return addresses are stored). 0 0 H In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 0 0 1 H M P 0 0 2 H In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 1 0 3 H M P 1 0 4 H Data Memory - RAM 0 5 H The data memory (RAM) is designed with 231´8 bits, and is divided into two functional groups, namely; special function registers (39´8 bits) and general purpose data memory (192´8 bits) most of which are readable/writeable, although some are read only. A C C 0 6 H P C L 0 7 H T B L P 0 8 H T B L H 0 9 H 0 A H The special function registers are overlapped in any banks. Of the two types of functional groups, the special function registers consist of an Indirect addressing register 0 (00H), a Memory pointer register 0 (MP0;01H), an Indirect addressing register 1 (02H), a Memory pointer register 1 (MP1;03H), an Accumulator (ACC;05H), a Program counter lower-order byte register (PCL;06H), a Table pointer (TBLP;07H), a Table higher-order byte register (TBLH;08H), a Status register (STATUS;0AH), an Interrupt control register 0 (INTC0;0BH), a Timer/Event Counter 0 (TMR0H:0CH; TMR0L:0DH), a Timer/Event Counter 0 control register (TMR0C;0EH), a Timer/Event Counter 1 (TMR1H:0FH; TMR1L:10H), a Timer/Event Counter 1 control register (TMR1C; 11H), Interrupt control register 1 (INTC1;1EH), PWM data register (PWM0;1AH, PWM1;1BH, PWM2;1CH, PWM3;1DH), the I2C Bus slave address register (HADR;20H), the I2C Bus control register (HCR;21H), the I2C Bus status register (HSR;22H), the I 2 C Bus data register (HDR;23H),the A/D result lower-order byte register (ADRL;24H), the A/D result higher-order byte register (ADRH;25H), the A/D control register (ADCR;26H), the A/D clock setting register (ACSR;27H), I/O registers (PA;12H, PB;14H, PC;16H, PD;18H, PF; 28H) and I/O control registers (PAC;13H, PBC;15H, PCC;17H, PDC;19H, PFC;29H). The remaining space before the 40H is reserved for future expanded usage and reading these locations will get ²00H². The space before 40H is overlapping in each bank. The general purpose data memory, addressed from 40H to FFH, is used for data and control information under instruction commands. S T A T U S 0 B H IN T C 0 0 C H T M R 0 H 0 D H T M R 0 L 0 E H T M R 0 C 0 F H T M R 1 H 1 0 H T M R 1 L 1 1 H T M R 1 C 1 2 H P A 1 3 H P A C 1 4 H P B 1 5 H P B C 1 6 H P C 1 7 H P C C 1 8 H P D 1 9 H P D C 1 A H P W M 0 1 B H P W M 1 1 C H P W M 2 1 D H P W M 3 1 E H IN T C 1 S p e c ia l P u r p o s e D a ta M e m o ry 1 F H 2 0 H H A D R 2 1 H H C R 2 2 H H S R 2 3 H H D R 2 4 H A D R L 2 5 H A D R H 2 6 H A D C R 2 7 H A C S R 2 8 H P F 2 9 H 3 0 H P F C 3 F H 4 0 H F F H G e n e ra l P u rp o s e D a ta M e m o ry (1 9 2 B y te s ) : U n u s e d R e a d a s "0 0 " RAM Mapping Rev. 1.40 8 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 Indirect Addressing Register information and controls the operation sequence. Except for the TO and PDF flags, bits in the status register can be altered by instructions similar to other registers. Data written into the status register does not alter the TO or PDF flags. Operations related to the status register, however, may yield different results from those intended. The TO and PDF flags can only be changed by a Watchdog Timer overflow, chip power-up, or clearing the Watchdog Timer and executing the ²HALT² instruction. Location 00H and 02H are indirect addressing registers that are not physically implemented. Any read/write operation of [00H] and [02H] accesses the RAM pointed to by MP0 (01H) and MP1(03H) respectively. Reading location 00H or 02H indirectly returns the result 00H. While, writing it indirectly leads to no operation. The function of data movement between two indirect addressing registers is not supported. The memory pointer registers, MP0 and MP1, are both 8-bit registers used to access the RAM by combining corresponding indirect addressing registers. The Z, OV, AC, and C flags reflect the status of the latest operations. On entering the interrupt sequence or executing the subroutine call, the status register will not be automatically pushed onto the stack. If the contents of the status is important, and if the subroutine is likely to corrupt the status register, the programmer should take precautions and save it properly. Accumulator - ACC The accumulator is closely related to ALU operations. It is also mapped to location 05H of the RAM and capable of operating with immediate data. The data movement between two data memory locations must pass through the accumulator. Interrupts The device provides an external interrupt, two internal timer/event counter interrupt, the A/D converter interrupt and the I2C Bus interrupts. The interrupt control register 0 (INTC0;0BH) and interrupt control register 1 (INTC1;1EH) contains the interrupt control bits to set the enable/disable and the interrupt request flags. Arithmetic and Logic Unit - ALU This circuit performs 8-bit arithmetic and logic operations. The ALU provides the following functions: · Arithmetic operations (ADD, ADC, SUB, SBC, DAA) · Logic operations (AND, OR, XOR, CPL) Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, all the other interrupts will be blocked (by clearing the EMI bit). This scheme may prevent any further interrupt nesting. Other interrupt requests may occur during this interval but only the interrupt request flag is recorded. If a certain interrupt requires servicing within the service routine, the EMI bit and the corresponding bit of INTC0 and INTC1 may be set to allow interrupt nesting. If the stack is full, the interrupt request will not be acknowledged, even if the related interrupt is enabled, until the SP is decremented. If immediate service is desired, the stack must be prevented from becoming full. · Rotation (RL, RR, RLC, RRC) · Increment and Decrement (INC, DEC) · Branch decision (SZ, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ ....) The ALU not only saves the results of a data operation but also changes the status register. Status Register - STATUS The status register (0AH) is 8 bits wide and contains, a carry flag (C), an auxiliary carry flag (AC), a zero flag (Z), an overflow flag (OV), a power down flag (PDF), and a Watchdog time-out flag (TO). It also records the status Bit No. Label Function 0 C C is set if an operation results in a carry during an addition operation or if a borrow does not take place during a subtraction operation; otherwise C is cleared. C is also affected by a rotate through carry instruction. 1 AC AC is set if an operation results in a carry out of the low nibbles in addition or no borrow from the high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction; otherwise AC is cleared. 2 Z Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero; otherwise Z is cleared. 3 OV OV is set if an operation results in a carry into the highest-order bit but not a carry out of the highest-order bit, or vice versa; otherwise OV is cleared. 4 PDF PDF is cleared by system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² instruction. PDF is set by executing the ²HALT² instruction. 5 TO TO is cleared by system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. TO is set by a WDT time-out. 6, 7 ¾ Unused bit, read as ²0² Status (0AH) Register Rev. 1.40 9 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 All these kinds of interrupts have a wake-up capability. As an interrupt is serviced, a control transfer occurs by pushing the program counter onto the stack, followed by a branch to a subroutine at specified location in the program memory. Only the program counter is pushed onto the stack. If the contents of the register or status register (STATUS) are altered by the interrupt service program which corrupts the desired control sequence, the contents should be saved in advance. The A/D converter interrupt is initialized by setting the A/D converter request flag (ADF; bit 4 of INTC1), caused by an end of A/D conversion. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the ADF is set, a subroutine call to location 10H will occur. The related interrupt request flag (ADF) will be reset and the EMI bit cleared to disable further interrupts. The I2C Bus interrupt is initialized by setting the I2C Bus interrupt request flag (HIF; bit 5 of INTC1), caused by a slave address match (HAAS=²1²) or one byte of data transfer is completed. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the HIF bit is set, a subroutine call to location 14H will occur. The related interrupt request flag (HIF) will be reset and the EMI bit cleared to disable further interrupts. External interrupts are triggered by a high to low transition of INT and the related interrupt request flag (EIF; bit 4 of INTC0) will be set. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the external interrupt is active, a subroutine call to location 04H will occur. The interrupt request flag (EIF) and EMI bits will be cleared to disable other interrupts. During the execution of an interrupt subroutine, other interrupt acknowledgments are held until the ²RETI² instruction is executed or the EMI bit and the related interrupt control bit are set to 1 (of course, if the stack is not full). To return from the interrupt subroutine, ²RET² or ²RETI² may be invoked. RETI will set the EMI bit to enable an interrupt service, but RET will not. The internal Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt is initialized by setting the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt request flag (T0F; bit 5 of INTC0), which is normally caused by a timer overflow. After the interrupt is enabled, and the stack is not full, and the T0F bit is set, a subroutine call to location 08H occurs. The related interrupt request flag (T0F) is reset, and the EMI bit is cleared to disable further maskable interrupts. The Timer/Event Counter 1 is operated in the same manner but its related interrupt request flag is T1F (bit 6 of INTC0) and its subroutine call location is 0CH. Interrupts, occurring in the interval between the rising edges of two consecutive T2 pulses, will be serviced on the latter of the two T2 pulses, if the corresponding interrupts are enabled. In the case of simultaneous requests the following table shows the priority that is applied. These can be masked by resetting the EMI bit. Bit No. Label Function 0 EMI Controls the master (global) interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled) 1 EEI Controls the external interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled) 2 ET0I Controls the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled) 3 ET1I Controls the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled) 4 EIF External interrupt request flag (1= active; 0= inactive) 5 T0F Internal Timer/Event Counter 0 request flag (1= active; 0= inactive) 6 T1F Internal Timer/Event Counter 1 request flag (1= active; 0= inactive) 7 ¾ For test mode used only. Must be written as ²0²; otherwise may result in unpredictable operation. INTC0 (0BH) Register Bit No. Label Function 0 EADI 1 EHI 2, 3 ¾ 4 ADF A/D converter request flag (1= active; 0= inactive) 5 HIF I2C Bus interrupt request flag (1= active; 0= inactive) 6, 7 ¾ Control the A/D converter interrupt (1= enabled; 0=disabled) Control the I2C Bus interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled) Unused bit, read as ²0² Unused bit, read as ²0² INTC1 (1EH) Register Rev. 1.40 10 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 Priority Vector External Interrupt Interrupt Source 1 04H Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow 2 08H Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow 3 0CH A/D Converter Interrupt 4 10H I2C Bus Interrupt 5 14H tions. It is, therefore, not suitable for timing sensitive operations where an accurate oscillator frequency is desired. If the Crystal oscillator is used, a crystal across OSC1 and OSC2 is needed to provide the feedback and phase shift required for the oscillator, and no other external components are required. Instead of a crystal, a resonator can also be connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to get a frequency reference, but two external capacitors in OSC1 and OSC2 are required (If the oscillating frequency is less than 1MHz). The Timer/Event Counter 0/1 interrupt request flag (T0F, T1F), external interrupt request flag (EIF), A/D converter request flag (ADF), the I2C Bus interrupt request flag (HIF), enable timer/event counter bit (ET0I, ET1I), enable external interrupt bit (EEI), enable A/D converter interrupt bit (EADI), enable I2C Bus interrupt bit (EHI) and enable master interrupt bit (EMI) constitute an interrupt control register 0 (INTC0) and an interrupt control register 1 (INTC1) which are located at 0BH and 1EH in the data memory. EMI, EEI, ET0I, ET1I, EADI, EHI are used to control the enabling/disabling of interrupts. These bits prevent the requested interrupt from being serviced. Once the interrupt request flags (T0F, T1F, EIF, ADF, HIF) are set, they will remain in the INTC0 and INTC1 register until the interrupts are serviced or cleared by a software instruction. The WDT oscillator is a free running on-chip RC oscillator, and no external components are required. Even if the system enters the power down mode, the system clock is stopped, but the WDT oscillator still works with a period of approximately 65ms at 5V. The WDT oscillator can be disabled by option to conserve power. Watchdog Timer - WDT The WDT clock source is implemented by a dedicated RC oscillator (WDT oscillator) or instruction clock (system clock divided by 4) decided by options. This timer is designed to prevent a software malfunction or sequence jumping to an unknown location with unpredictable results. The watchdog timer can be disabled by a option. If the watchdog timer is disabled, all the executions related to the WDT result in no operation. It is recommended that a program does not use the ²CALL subroutine² within the interrupt subroutine. Interrupts often occur in an unpredictable manner or need to be serviced immediately in some applications. If only one stack is left and enabling the interrupt is not well controlled, the original control sequence will be damaged once the ²CALL² operates in the interrupt subroutine. Once an internal WDT oscillator (RC oscillator with period 65ms at 5V normally) is selected, it is divided by 212~215 (by option to get the WDT time-out period). The WDT time-out minimum period is 300ms~600ms. This time-out period may vary with temperature, VDD and process variations. By selection from the WDT option, longer time-out periods can be realized. If the WDT time-out is selected 215, the maximum time-out period is divided by 215~216about 2.1s~4.3s. Oscillator Configuration There are two oscillator circuits in the microcontroller. V O S C 1 D D 4 7 0 p F fS O S C 2 Y S O S C 1 C r y s ta l O s c illa to r If the WDT oscillator is disabled, the WDT clock may still come from the instruction clock and operate in the same manner except that in the HALT state the WDT may stop counting and lose its protecting purpose. In this situation the logic can only be restarted by external logic. If the device operates in a noisy environment, using the on-chip RC oscillator (WDT OSC) is strongly recommended, since the HALT will stop the system clock. O S C 2 /4 R C O s c illa to r System Oscillator Both are designed for system clocks, namely the RC oscillator and the Crystal oscillator, which are determined by the option. No matter what oscillator type is selected, the signal provides the system clock. The HALT mode stops the system oscillator and ignores an external signal to conserve power. The WDT overflow under normal operation will initialize ²chip reset² and set the status bit TO. Whereas in the HALT mode, the overflow will initialize a ²warm reset² only the program counter and stack pointer are reset to zero. To clear the contents of WDT, three methods are adopted; external reset (a low level to RES), software instructions, or a HALT instruction. The software instructions include CLR WDT and the other set CLR WDT1 and CLR WDT2. Of these two types of instruction, only one can be active depending on the option - ²CLR WDT times selection option². If the ²CLR WDT² is selected (i.e. If an RC oscillator is used, an external resistor between OSC1 and VSS is required and the resistance must range from 30kW to 750kW. The system clock, divided by 4, is available on OSC2 with pull-high resistor, which can be used to synchronize external logic. The RC oscillator provides the most cost effective solution. However, the frequency of oscillation may vary with VDD, temperatures and the chip itself due to process varia- Rev. 1.40 11 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 S y s te m C lo c k /4 M a s k o p tio n s e le c t fs D iv id e r fs/2 8 W D T O S C W D T P r e s c a le r C K M a s k O p tio n R T C K R T im e 2 1 5/fS 2 1 4/fS 2 1 3/fS 2 1 2/fS T W D T C le a r -o ~ ~ ~ ~ u t 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 6 5 R e s e t /fS /fS 4 /fS 3 /fS Watchdog Timer the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the regular interrupt response takes place. When an interrupt request flag is set to ²1² before entering the HALT mode, the wake-up function of the related interrupt will be disabled. If wake-up event occurs, it takes 1024 fSYS (system clock period) to resume normal operation. In other words, a dummy period is inserted after wake-up. If the wake-up results from an interrupt acknowledgment, the actual interrupt subroutine execution is delayed by more than one cycle. However, if the wake-up results in the next instruction execution, this will be executed performed immediately after the dummy period is finished. CLRWDT times equal one), any execution of the CLR WDT instruction will clear the WDT. In case ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² are chosen (i.e. CLRWDT times equal two), these two instructions must be executed to clear the WDT; otherwise, the WDT may reset the chip because of time-out. If the WDT time-out period is selected fs/212 (option), the WDT time-out period ranges from fs/212~fs/213, since the ²CLR WDT² or ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions only clear the last two stages of the WDT. Power Down Operation - HALT To minimize power consumption, all the I/O pins should be carefully managed before entering the HALT status. The HALT mode is initialized by the ²HALT² instruction and results in the following... Reset · The system oscillator turned off but the WDT oscillator · · · · keeps running (if the WDT oscillator or the real time clock is selected). The contents of the on-chip RAM and registers remain unchanged The WDT will be cleared and start recounting (if the WDT clock source is from the WDT oscillator or the real time clock) All of the I/O ports maintain their original status The PDF flag is set and the TO flag is cleared There are three ways in which a reset may occur: · RES reset during normal operation · RES reset during HALT · WDT time-out reset during normal operation The WDT time-out during HALT differs from other chip reset conditions, for it can perform a ²warm reset² that resets only the program counter and SP, leaves the other circuits at their original state. Some registers remain unaffected during any other reset conditions. Most registers are reset to the ²initial condition² when the reset conditions are met. Examining the PDF and TO flags, the program can distinguish between different ²chip resets². The system quits the HALT mode by an external reset, an interrupt, an external falling edge signal on port A or a WDT overflow. An external reset causes a device initialization and the WDT overflow performs a ²warm reset². After examining the TO and PDF flags, the reason for chip reset can be determined. The PDF flag is cleared by system power-up or by executing the ²CLR WDT² instruction and is set when executing the ²HALT² instruction. On the other hand, the TO flag is set if the WDT time-out occurs, and causes a wake-up that only resets the program counter and SP; and leaves the others in their original status. V 0 .0 1 m F * 1 0 0 k W R E S 1 0 k W The port A wake-up and interrupt methods can be considered as a continuation of normal execution. Each bit in port A can be independently selected to wake up the device by the option. Awakening from an I/O port stimulus, the program will resume execution of the next instruction. If it is awakening from an interrupt, two sequences may occur. If the related interrupt is disabled or the interrupt is enabled but the stack is full, the program will resume execution at the next instruction. But if Rev. 1.40 D D 0 .1 m F * Reset Circuit Note: 12 ²*² Make the length of the wiring, which is connected to the RES pin as short as possible, to avoid noise interference. November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 V D D R E S tS S T + tO from an external source or an internal clock source. An internal clock source comes from fSYS/4. The external clock input allows the user to count external events, measure time intervals or pulse widths, or to generate an accurate time base. P D S S T T im e - o u t C h ip R e s e t There are six registers related to the Timer/Event Counter 0; TMR0H (0CH), TMR0L (0DH), TMR0C (0EH) and the Timer/Event Counter 1; TMR1H (0FH), TMR1L (10H), TMR1C (11H). Writing TMR0L (TMR1L) will only put the written data to an internal lower-order byte buffer (8-bit) and writing TMR0H (TMR1H) will transfer the specified data and the contents of the lower-order byte buffer to TMR0H (TMR1H) and TMR0L (TMR1L) registers, respectively. The Timer/Event Counter 1/0 preload register is changed by each writing TMR0H (TMR1H) operations. Reading TMR0H (TMR1H) will latch the contents of TMR0H (TMR1H) and TMR0L (TMR1L) counters to the destination and the lower-order byte buffer, respectively. Reading the TMR0L (TMR1L) will read the contents of the lower-order byte buffer. The TMR0C (TMR1C) is the Timer/Event Counter 0 (1) control register, which defines the operating mode, counting enable or disable and an active edge. Reset Timing Chart H A L T W D T W D T T im e - o u t R e s e t R E S W a rm R e s e t E x te rn a l C o ld R e s e t S S T 1 0 - b it R ip p le C o u n te r O S C 1 P o w e r - o n D e te c tio n Reset Configuration TO PDF RESET Conditions 0 0 RES reset during power-up u u RES reset during normal operation 0 1 RES wake-up HALT 1 u WDT time-out during normal operation 1 1 WDT wake-up HALT The T0M0, T0M1 (TMR0C) and T1M0, T1M1 (TMR1C) bits define the operation mode. The event count mode is used to count external events, which means that the clock source is from an external (TMR0, TMR1) pin. The timer mode functions as a normal timer with the clock source coming from the internal selected clock source. Finally, the pulse width measurement mode can be used to count the high or low level duration of the external signal (TMR0, TMR1), and the counting is based on the internal selected clock source. Note: ²u² stands for ²unchanged² To guarantee that the system oscillator is started and stabilized, the SST (System Start-up Timer) provides an extra-delay of 1024 system clock pulses when the system awakes from the HALT state or during power up. Awaking from the HALT state or system power up an SST delay is added. An extra SST delay is added during power up period, and any wake-up from HALT may enable only the SST delay. The functional unit chip reset status are shown below. Program Counter In the event count or timer mode, the timer/event counter starts counting at the current contents in the timer/event counter and ends at FFFFH. Once an overflow occurs, the counter is reloaded from the timer/event counter preload register, and generates an interrupt request flag (T0F; bit 5 of INTC0, T1F; bit 6 of INTC0). 000H Interrupt Disable Prescaler, Divider Cleared WDT Clear. After master reset, WDT begins counting Timer/event Counter Off Input/output Ports Input mode Stack Pointer Points to the top of the stack In the pulse width measurement mode with the values of the T0ON/T1ON and T0E/T1E bits equal to 1, after the TMR0 (TMR1) has received a transient from low to high (or high to low if the T0E/T1E bit is ²0²), it will start counting until the TMR0 (TMR1) returns to the original level and resets the T0ON/T1ON. The measured result remains in the timer/event counter even if the activated transient occurs again. In other words, only 1-cycle measurement can be made until the T0ON/T1ON is set. The cycle measurement will re-function as long as it receives further transient pulse. In this operation mode, the timer/event counter begins counting not according to the logic level but to the transient edges. In the case of counter overflows, the counter is reloaded from the timer/event counter register and issues an interrupt request, as in the other two modes, i.e., event and timer modes. Timer/Event Counter Two Timer/Event Counters (TMR0,TMR1) are implemented in the microcontroller. The timer/event counter 0 contains an 16-bit programmable count-up counter and the clock may come from an external source or an internal clock source. An internal clock source comes from fSYS. The timer/event counter 1 contains an 16-bit programmable count-up counter and the clock may come Rev. 1.40 13 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 The registers states are summarized in the following table. Register Reset (Power On) WDT Time-out RES Reset (Normal Operation) (Normal Operation) RES Reset (HALT) WDT Time-out (HALT)* MP0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu MP1 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu ACC xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 000H 000H 000H 000H 000H TBLP xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu TBLH xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu Program Counter STATUS --00 xxxx --1u uuuu --uu uuuu --01 uuuu --11 uuuu INTC0 -000 0000 -000 0000 -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu TMR0H xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu TMR0L xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu TMR0C 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 uu-u uuuu TMR1H xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu TMR1L xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu TMR1C 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- uu-u u--- PA 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PAC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PB 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PBC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PCC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PD 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PDC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PWM0 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu PWM1 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu PWM2 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu PWM3 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu INTC1 --00 --00 --00 --00 --00 --00 --00 --00 --uu --uu HADR xxxx xxx- xxxx xxx- xxxx xxx- xxxx xxx- uuuu uuu- HCR 0--0 0--- 0--0 0--- 0--0 0--- 0--0 0--- u--u u--- HSR 100- -0-1 100- -0-1 100- -0-1 100- -0-1 uuuu uuuu HDR xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu ADRL xx-- ---- xx-- ---- xx-- ---- xx-- ---- uu-- ---- ADRH xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu ADCR 0100 0000 0100 0000 0100 0000 0100 0000 uuuu uuuu ACSR 1--- --00 1--- --00 1--- --00 1--- --00 u--- --uu PF 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PFC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu Note: ²*² stands for warm reset ²u² stands for unchanged ²x² stands for unknown Rev. 1.40 14 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 P W M (6 + 2 ) o r (7 + 1 ) C o m p a re fS Y S T o P D 0 /P D 1 /P D 2 /P D 3 C ir c u it D a ta B u s 8 - s ta g e P r e s c a le r f IN 8 -1 M U X T 0 P S C 2 ~ T 0 P S C 0 L o w B y te B u ffe r T T 0 M 1 T 0 M 0 T M R 0 1 6 - B it P r e lo a d R e g is te r T 0 E T 0 M 1 T 0 M 0 T 0 O N P u ls e W id th M e a s u re m e n t M o d e C o n tro l H ig h B y te R e lo a d O v e r flo w L o w B y te to In te rru p t 1 6 - B it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r P F D 0 Timer/Event Counter 0 D a ta B u s fS Y S /4 f IN L o w B y te B u ffe r T T 1 M 1 T 1 M 0 T M R 1 1 6 - B it P r e lo a d R e g is te r T 1 E T 1 M 1 T 1 M 0 T 1 O N P u ls e W id th M e a s u re m e n t M o d e C o n tro l H ig h B y te L o w R e lo a d O v e r flo w to In te r r u p t B y te 1 6 - B it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r P F D 1 Timer/Event Counter 1 P F D 0 P F D 1 M U 1 /2 X P F D P A 3 D a ta C T R L P F D S o u r c e O p tio n PFD Source Option In the case of timer/event counter OFF condition, writing data to the timer/event counter preload register also reloads that data to the timer/event counter. But if the timer/event counter is turn on, data written to the timer/event counter is kept only in the timer/event counter preload register. The timer/event counter still continues its operation until an overflow occurs. To enable the counting operation, the Timer ON bit (T0ON: bit 4 of TMR0C; T10N: bit 4 of TMR1C) should be set to 1. In the pulse width measurement mode, the T0ON/T1ON is automatically cleared after the measurement cycle is completed. But in the other two modes, the T0ON/T1ON can only be reset by instructions. The overflow of the Timer/Event Counter 0/1 is one of the wake-up sources and can also be applied to a PFD (Programmable Frequency Divider) output at PA3 by options. Only one PFD (PFD0 or PFD1) can be applied to PA3 by options. If PA3 is set as PFD output, there are two types of selections; One is PFD0 as the PFD output, the other is PFD1 as the PFD output. PFD0, PFD1 are the timer overflow signals of the Timer/Event Counter 0, Timer/Event Counter 1 respectively. No matter what the operation mode is, writing a 0 to ET0I or ET1I disables the related interrupt service. When the PFD function is selected, executing ²SET [PA].3² instruction to enable PFD output and executing ²CLR [PA].3² instruction to disable PFD output. Rev. 1.40 When the timer/event counter (reading TMR0/TMR1) is read, the clock is blocked to avoid errors, as this may results in a counting error. Blocking of the clock should be taken into account by the programmer. It is strongly recommended to load a desired value into the TMR0/TMR1 register first, before turning on the related timer/event counter, for proper operation since the initial value of TMR0/TMR1 is unknown. Due to the timer/event scheme, the programmer should pay special attention on the instruction to enable then disable the timer for the first time, whenever there is a need to use the timer/event function, to avoid unpredictable result. After this procedure, the timer/event function can be operated normally. 15 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 The bit0~bit2 of the TMR0C can be used to define the pre-scaling stages of the internal clock sources of timer/event counter. The definitions are as shown. The overflow signal of timer/event counter can be used to generate the PFD signal. The timer prescaler is also used as the PWM counter. Bit No. Label Function T0PSC0 T0PSC1 T0PSC2 Defines the prescaler stages, T0PSC2, T0PSC1, T0PSC0= 000: fINT=fSYS 001: fINT=fSYS/2 010: fINT=fSYS/4 011: fINT=fSYS/8 100: fINT=fSYS/16 101: fINT=fSYS/32 110: fINT=fSYS/64 111: fINT=fSYS/128 3 T0E Defines the TMR0 active edge of the timer/event counter: In Event Counter Mode (T0M1,T0M0)=(0,1): 1:count on falling edge; 0:count on rising edge In Pulse Width measurement mode (T0M1,T0M0)=(1,1): 1: start counting on the rising edge, stop on the falling edge; 0: start counting on the falling edge, stop on the rising edge 4 T0ON 5 ¾ 0 1 2 6 7 T0M0 T0M1 Enable/disable timer counting (0=disabled; 1=enabled) Unused bit, read as ²0² Defines the operating mode, T0M1, T0M0: 01=Event count mode (external clock) 10=Timer mode (internal clock) 11=Pulse width measurement mode 00=Unused TMR0C (0EH) Register Bit No. Label 0~2 ¾ 3 T1E 4 T1ON 5 ¾ 6 7 T1M0 T1M1 Function Unused bit, read as ²0² Defines the TMR1 active edge of the timer/event counter: In Event Counter Mode (T1M1,T1M0)=(0,1): 1:count on falling edge; 0:count on rising edge In Pulse Width measurement mode (T1M1,T1M0)=(1,1): 1: start counting on the rising edge, stop on the falling edge; 0: start counting on the falling edge, stop on the rising edge Enable/disable timer counting (0=disabled; 1=enabled) Unused bit, read as ²0² Defines the operating mode, T1M1, T1M0: 01=Event count mode (external clock) 10=Timer mode (internal clock) 11=Pulse width measurement mode 00=Unused TMR1C (11H) Register Rev. 1.40 16 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 [m].i², ²CPL [m]², ²CPLA [m]² read the entire port states into the CPU, execute the defined operations (bit-operation), and then write the results back to the latches or the accumulator. Input/Output Ports There are 40 bidirectional input/output lines in the microcontroller, labeled as PA, PB, PC, PD and PF, which are mapped to the data memory of [12H], [14H], [16H], [18H] and [28H] respectively. All of these I/O ports can be used for input and output operations. For input operation, these ports are non-latching, that is, the inputs must be ready at the T2 rising edge of instruction ²MOV A,[m]² (m=12H, 14H, 16H, [18H] or 28H). For output operation, all the data is latched and remains unchanged until the output latch is rewritten. Each line of port A has the capability of waking-up the device. Each I/O port has a pull-high option. Once the pull-high option is selected, the I/O port has a pull-high resistor, otherwise, there¢s none. Take note that a non-pull-high I/O port operating in input mode will cause a floating state. The PA3 and PA5 are pin-shared with the PFD and INT pins respectively. If the PFD option is selected, the output signal in output mode of PA3 will be the PFD signal generated by timer/event counter overflow signal. The input mode always remain in its original functions. Once the PFD option is selected, the PFD output signal is controlled by PA3 data register only. Writing ²1² to PA3 data register will enable the PFD output function and writing 0 will force the PA3 to remain at ²0². The I/O functions of PA3 are shown below. Each I/O line has its own control register (PAC, PBC, PCC, PDC, PFC) to control the input/output configuration. With this control register, CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor structures can be reconfigured dynamically under software control. To function as an input, the corresponding latch of the control register must write ²1². The input source also depends on the control register. If the control register bit is ²1², the input will read the pad state. If the control register bit is ²0², the contents of the latches will move to the internal bus. The latter is possible in the ²read-modifywrite² instruction. I/O I/P Mode (Normal) Logical Input PA3 For output function, CMOS is the only configuration. These control registers are mapped to locations 13H, 15H, 17H, 19H and 29H. Note: After a chip reset, these input/output lines remain at high levels or floating state (depends on pull-high options). Each bit of these input/output latches can be set or cleared by ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² (m=12H, 14H, 16H 18H or 28H) instructions. O/P (Normal) I/P (PFD) O/P (PFD) Logical Output Logical Input PFD (Timer on) The PFD frequency is the timer/event counter overflow frequency divided by 2. The PB can also be used as A/D converter inputs. The A/D function will be described later. There is a PWM function shared with PD0/PD1/PD2/PD3. If the PWM function is enabled, the PWM0/PWM1/PWM2/PWM3 signal will appear on PD0/PD1/PD2/PD3 (if PD0/PD1/ PD2/PD3 is operating in output mode). The I/O functions of PD0/PD1/PD2/PD3 are as shown. Some instructions first input data and then follow the output operations. For example, ²SET [m].i², ²CLR V C o n tr o l B it D a ta B u s W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r Q D C K W r ite D a ta R e g is te r P A P A P A P A P A P A P B P C P D P D P D P D P D P F Q S C h ip R e s e t R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r P U D a ta B it Q D Q C K S M M [P A 3 , P F D ] o r [P D 0 ,P W M 0 ] o r [P D 1 ,P W M 1 ] o r [P D 2 ,P W M 2 ] o r [P D 3 ,P W M 3 ] R e a d D a ta R e g is te r U X S y s te m W a k e -u p ( P A o n ly ) D D U 0 ~ P A 2 3 /P F D 4 5 /IN 6 /S 7 /S 0 /A 0 ~ P 0 /P 1 /P 2 /P 3 /P 4 ~ P 0 ~ P T D A C L N 0 ~ C 7 W M W M W M W M D 7 F 7 0 P B 7 /A N 7 1 2 3 X E N (P F D o r P W M 0 ~ P W M 3 ) O P 0 ~ O P 7 IN T fo r P A 5 O n ly Input/Output Ports Rev. 1.40 17 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 I/O Mode PD0~ PD3 I/P O/P (Normal) (Normal) Logical Input Logical Output I/P (PWM) O/P (PWM) Logical Input PWM0~ PWM3 PDC.2/PDC.3 =²0²), writing ²1² to PD0/PD1/PD2/PD3 data register will enable the PWM output function and writing ²0² will force the PD0/PD1/PD2/PD3 to stay at ²0². A (6+2) bits mode PWM cycle is divided into four modulation cycles (modulation cycle 0~modulation cycle 3). Each modulation cycle has 64 PWM input clock period. In a (6+2) bit PWM function, the contents of the PWM register is divided into two groups. Group 1 of the PWM register is denoted by DC which is the value of PWM.7~PWM.2. The group 2 is denoted by AC which is the value of PWM.1~PWM.0. It is recommended that unused or not bonded out I/O lines should be set as output pins by software instruction to avoid consuming power under input floating state. PWM The microcontroller provides 4 channels (6+2)/(7+1) (depends on options) bits PWM output shared with PD0/PD1/PD2/PD3. The PWM channels have their data registers denoted as PWM0 (1AH), PWM1 (1BH), PWM2 (1CH) and PWM3 (1DH). The frequency source of the PWM counter comes from fSYS. The PWM registers are four 8-bit registers. The waveforms of PWM outputs are as shown. Once the PD0/PD1/PD2/PD3 are selected as the PWM outputs and the output function of PD0/PD1/PD2/PD3 are enabled (PDC.0/PDC.1/ fS In a (6+2) bits mode PWM cycle, the duty cycle of each modulation cycle is shown in the table. Parameter AC (0~3) Duty Cycle i<AC DC+1 64 i³AC DC 64 Modulation cycle i (i=0~3) /2 Y S [P W M ] = 1 0 0 P W M 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 [P W M ] = 1 0 1 P W M [P W M ] = 1 0 2 P W M [P W M ] = 1 0 3 P W M 2 6 /6 4 P W M m o d u la tio n p e r io d : 6 4 /fS M o d u la tio n c y c le 0 Y S M o d u la tio n c y c le 1 P W M M o d u la tio n c y c le 2 c y c le : 2 5 6 /fS M o d u la tio n c y c le 3 M o d u la tio n c y c le 0 Y S (6+2) PWM Mode fS Y S /2 [P W M ] = 1 0 0 P W M 5 0 /1 2 8 5 0 /1 2 8 5 0 /1 2 8 5 1 /1 2 8 5 0 /1 2 8 5 1 /1 2 8 5 1 /1 2 8 5 1 /1 2 8 5 1 /1 2 8 5 1 /1 2 8 5 2 /1 2 8 [P W M ] = 1 0 1 P W M [P W M ] = 1 0 2 P W M [P W M ] = 1 0 3 P W M 5 2 /1 2 8 P W M m o d u la tio n p e r io d : 1 2 8 /fS Y S M o d u la tio n c y c le 0 M o d u la tio n c y c le 1 P W M c y c le : 2 5 6 /fS M o d u la tio n c y c le 0 Y S (7+1) PWM Mode Rev. 1.40 18 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 verted analog channel, and give START bit a raising edge and falling edge (0®1®0). At the end of A/D conversion, the EOCB bit is cleared and an A/D converter interrupt occurs (if the A/D converter interrupt is enabled). The ACSR is A/D clock setting register, which is used to select the A/D clock source. A (7+1) bits mode PWM cycle is divided into two modulation cycles (modulation cycle0~modulation cycle 1). Each modulation cycle has 128 PWM input clock period. In a (7+1) bits PWM function, the contents of the PWM register is divided into two groups. Group 1 of the PWM register is denoted by DC which is the value of PWM.7~PWM.1. The group 2 is denoted by AC which is the value of PWM.0. The A/D converter control register is used to control the A/D converter. The bit2~bit0 of the ADCR are used to select an analog input channel. There are a total of eight channels to select. The bit5~bit3 of the ADCR are used to set PB configurations. PB can be an analog input or as digital I/O line decided by these 3 bits. Once a PB line is selected as an analog input, the I/O functions and pull-high resistor of this I/O line are disabled and the A/D converter circuit is power on. The EOCB bit (bit6 of the ADCR) is end of A/D conversion flag. Check this bit to know when A/D conversion is completed. The START bit of the ADCR is used to begin the conversion of the A/D converter. Giving START bit a rising edge and falling edge means that the A/D conversion has started. In order to ensure the A/D conversion is completed, the START should remain at ²0² until the EOCB is cleared to ²0² (end of A/D conversion). In a (7+1) bits mode PWM cycle, the duty cycle of each modulation cycle is shown in the table. Parameter AC (0~1) Duty Cycle i<AC DC+1 128 i³AC DC 128 Modulation cycle i (i=0~1) The modulation frequency, cycle frequency and cycle duty of the PWM output signal are summarized in the following table. PWM Modulation Frequency fSYS/64 for (6+2) bits mode fSYS/128 for (7+1) bits mode PWM Cycle PWM Cycle Frequency Duty fSYS/256 Bit 7 of the ACSR register is used for test purposes only and must not be used for other purposes by the application program. Bit1 and bit0 of the ACSR register are used to select the A/D clock source. [PWM]/256 A/D Converter The 8 channels and 10-bit resolution A/D converter are implemented in this microcontroller. The reference voltage is VDD. The A/D converter contains 4 special registers which are; ADRL (24H), ADRH (25H), ADCR (26H) and ACSR (27H). The ADRH and ADRL are A/D result register higher-order byte and lower-order byte and are read-only. After the A/D conversion is completed, the ADRH and ADRL should be read to get the conversion result data. The ADCR is an A/D converter control register, which defines the A/D channel number, analog channel select, start A/D conversion control bit and the end of A/D conversion flag. If the users want to start an A/D conversion, define PB configuration, select the con- When the A/D conversion has completed, the A/D interrupt request flag will be set. The EOCB bit is set to ²1² when the START bit is set from ²0² to ²1². Important Note for A/D initialization: Special care must be taken to initialize the A/D converter each time the Port B A/D channel selection bits are modified, otherwise the EOCB flag may be in an undefined condition. An A/D initialization is implemented by setting the START bit high and then clearing it to zero within 10 instruction cycles of the Port B channel selection bits being modified. Note that if the Port B channel selection bits are all cleared to zero then an A/D initialization is not required. Bit No. Label Function 0 1 2 ACS0 ACS1 ACS2 Defines the analog channel select 3 4 5 PCR0 PCR1 PCR2 Defines the port B configuration select. If PCR0, PCR1 and PCR2 are all zero, the ADC circuit is power off to reduce power consumption 6 EOCB Indicates end of A/D conversion. (0 = end of A/D conversion) Each time bits 3~5 change state the A/D should be initialized by issuing a START signal, otherwise the EOCB flag may have an undefined condition. See ²Important note for A/D initialization². 7 START Starts the A/D conversion. (0®1®0= start; 0®1= Reset A/D converter and set EOCB to ²1²) ADCR (26H) Register Rev. 1.40 19 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 PCR2 PCR1 PCR0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 PB2 PB1 PB0 0 0 1 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 PB2 PB1 AN0 0 1 0 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 PB2 AN1 AN0 0 1 1 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 AN2 AN1 AN0 1 0 0 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 1 0 1 PB7 PB6 PB5 AN4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 1 1 0 PB7 PB6 AN5 AN4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 1 1 1 AN7 AN6 AN5 AN4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 Port B Configuration Bit No. Label Function 0 1 ADCS0 ADCS1 2~6 ¾ Unused bit, read as ²0² 7 TEST For test mode used only Selects the A/D converter clock source 00= system clock/2 01= system clock/8 10= system clock/32 11= undefined ACSR (27H) Register ACS2 ACS1 ACS0 Analog Channel 0 0 0 AN0 0 0 1 AN1 0 1 0 AN2 0 1 1 AN3 1 0 0 AN4 1 0 1 AN5 1 1 0 AN6 1 1 1 AN7 Analog Input Channel Selection Register Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 ADRL D1 D0 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ADRH D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 Note: D0~D9 is A/D conversion result data bit LSB~MSB. ADRL (24H), ADRH (25H) Register Rev. 1.40 20 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 The following two programming examples illustrate how to setup and implement an A/D conversion. In the first example, the method of polling the EOCB bit in the ADCR register is used to detect when the conversion cycle is complete, whereas in the second example, the A/D interrupt is used to determine when the conversion is complete. Example: using EOCB Polling Method to detect end of conversion clr EADI ; disable ADC interrupt mov a,00000001B mov ACSR,a ; setup the ACSR register to select fSYS/8 as the A/D clock mov a,00100000B ; setup ADCR register to configure Port PB0~PB3 as A/D inputs mov ADCR,a ; and select AN0 to be connected to the A/D converter : : ; As the Port B channel bits have changed the following START ; signal (0-1-0) must be issued within 10 instruction cycles : Start_conversion: clr START set START ; reset A/D clr START ; start A/D Polling_EOC: sz EOCB ; poll the ADCR register EOCB bit to detect end of A/D conversion jmp polling_EOC ; continue polling mov a,ADRH ; read conversion result high byte value from the ADRH register mov adrh_buffer,a ; save result to user defined memory mov a,ADRL ; read conversion result low byte value from the ADRL register mov adrl_buffer,a ; save result to user defined memory : : jmp start_conversion ; start next A/D conversion Example: using interrupt method to detect end of conversion clr EADI ; disable ADC interrupt mov a,00000001B mov ACSR,a ; setup the ACSR register to select fSYS/8 as the A/D clock mov mov a,00100000B ADCR,a : ; setup ADCR register to configure Port PB0~PB3 as A/D inputs ; and select AN0 to be connected to the A/D converter ; As the Port B channel bits have changed the following START ; signal (0-1-0) must be issued within 10 instruction cycles : Start_conversion: clr START set START clr START clr ADF set EADI set EMI : : : ; ADC interrupt service routine ADC_ISR: mov acc_stack,a mov a,STATUS mov status_stack,a : : mov a,ADRH mov adrh_buffer,a mov a,ADRL mov adrl_buffer,a clr START set START clr START : : EXIT_INT_ISR: mov a,status_stack mov STATUS,a mov a,acc_stack reti Rev. 1.40 ; reset A/D ; start A/D ; clear ADC interrupt request flag ; enable ADC interrupt ; enable global interrupt ; save ACC to user defined memory ; save STATUS to user defined memory ; read conversion result high byte value from the ADRH register ; save result to user defined register ; read conversion result low byte value from the ADRL register ; save result to user defined register ; reset A/D ; start A/D ; restore STATUS from user defined memory ; restore ACC from user defined memory 21 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 M in im u m o n e in s tr u c tio n c y c le n e e d e d , M a x im u m te n in s tr u c tio n c y c le s a llo w e d S T A R T E O C B A /D tA P C R 2 ~ P C R 0 s a m p lin g tim e A /D tA D C S 0 0 0 B s a m p lin g tim e A /D tA D C S 1 0 0 B 1 0 0 B s a m p lin g tim e D C S 1 0 1 B 0 0 0 B 1 . P B p o rt s e tu p a s I/O s 2 . A /D c o n v e r te r is p o w e r e d o ff to r e d u c e p o w e r c o n s u m p tio n A C S 2 ~ A C S 0 0 0 0 B P o w e r-o n R e s e t 0 1 0 B 0 0 0 B 0 0 1 B S ta rt o f A /D c o n v e r s io n S ta rt o f A /D c o n v e r s io n S ta rt o f A /D c o n v e r s io n R e s e t A /D c o n v e rte r R e s e t A /D c o n v e rte r E n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n 1 : D e fin e P B c o n fig u r a tio n 2 : S e le c t a n a lo g c h a n n e l A /D N o te : A /D c lo c k m u s t b e fS tA D C S = 3 2 tA D tA D C = 7 6 tA D Y S /2 , fS tA D C c o n v e r s io n tim e Y S /8 o r fS Y S d o n 't c a r e R e s e t A /D c o n v e rte r E n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n A /D tA D C c o n v e r s io n tim e E n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n A /D tA D C c o n v e r s io n tim e /3 2 A/D Conversion Timing Low Voltage Reset - LVR The relationship between VDD and VLVR is shown below. The microcontroller provides low voltage reset circuit in order to monitor the supply voltage of the device. If the supply voltage of the device is within the range 0.9V~VLVR, such as changing a battery, the LVR will automatically reset the device internally. V D D 5 .5 V The LVR includes the following specifications: 3 .0 V V O P R 5 .5 V V · The low voltage (0.9V~VLVR) has to remain in their 2 .2 V original state to exceed 1ms. If the low voltage state does not exceed 1ms, the LVR will ignore it and do not perform a reset function. 0 .9 V · The LVR uses the ²OR² function with the external RES Note: VOPR is the voltage range for proper chip operation at 4MHz system clock. signal to perform chip reset. V L V R D D 5 .5 V V L V R L V R D e te c t V o lta g e 0 .9 V 0 V R e s e t S ig n a l N o r m a l O p e r a tio n R e s e t *1 R e s e t *2 Low Voltage Reset Note: *1: To make sure that the system oscillator has stabilized, the SST provides an extra delay of 1024 system clock pulses before entering the normal operation. *2: Since low voltage state has to be maintained in its original state for over 1ms, therefore after 1ms delay, the device enters the reset mode. Rev. 1.40 22 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 I2C Bus Serial Interface 2 vice is working in transmit or receive mode. When SRW bit is set ²1², it means that the master wants to read data from I2C Bus, the slave device must write data to I2C Bus, so the slave device is working in transmit mode. When SRW is reset to ²0², it means that the master wants to write data to I2C Bus, the slave device must read data from the bus, so the slave device is working in receive mode. The RXAK bit is reset ²0² indicates an acknowledges signal has been received. In the transmit mode, the transmitter checks RXAK bit to know the receiver which wants to receive the next data byte, so the transmitter continue to write data to the I2C Bus until the RXAK bit is set to ²1² and the transmitter releases the SDA line, so that the master can send the STOP signal to release the bus. 2 I C Bus is implemented in the device. The I C Bus is a bidirectional two-wire lines. The data line and clock line are implement in SDA pin and SCL pin. The SDA and SCL are NMOS open drain output pin. They must connect a pull-high resistor respectively. Using the I2C Bus, the device has two ways to transfer data. One is in slave transmit mode, the other is in slave receive mode. There are four registers related to I2C Bus; HADR([20H]), HCR([21H]), HSR([22H]), HDR([23H]). The HADR register is the slave address setting of the device, if the master sends the calling address which match, it means that this device is selected. The HCR is I2C Bus control register which defines the device enable or disable the I2C Bus as a transmitter or as a receiver. The HSR is I2C Bus status register, it responds with the I2C Bus status. The HDR is input/output data register, data to transmit or receive must be via the HDR register. The HADR bit7-bit1 define the device slave address. At the beginning of transfer, the master must select a device by sending the address of the slave device. The bit 0 is unused and is not defined. If the I2C Bus receives a start signal, all slave device notice the continuity of the 8-bit data. The front of 7 bits is slave address and the first bit is MSB. If the address is match, the HAAS status bit is set and generate an I2C Bus interrupt. In the ISR, the slave device must check the HAAS bit to know the I2C Bus interrupt comes from the slave address that has match or completed one 8-bit data transfer. The last bit of the 8-bit data is read/write command bit, it responds in SRW bit. The slave will check the SRW bit to know if the master wants to transmit or receive data. The device check SRW bit to know it is as a transmitter or receiver. The I2C Bus control register contains three bits. The HEN bit defines whether to enable or disable the I2C Bus. If the data wants to transfer via I2C Bus, this bit must be set. The HTX bit defines whether the I2C Bus is in transmit or receive mode. If the device is as a transmitter, this bit must be set to ²1². The TXAK defines the transmit acknowledge signal, when the device received 8-bit data, the device sends this bit to I2C Bus at the 9th clock. If the receiver wants to continue to receive the next data, this bit must be reset to ²0² before receiving data. The I2C Bus status register contains 5 bits. The HCF bit is reset to ²0² when one data byte is being transferred. If one data transfer is completed, this bit is set to ²1². The HAAS bit is set ²1² when the address is match, and the I2C Bus interrupt request flag is set to ²1². If the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, a subroutine call to location 10H will occur. Writing data to the I2C Bus control register clears HAAS bit. If the address is not match, this bit is reset to ²0². The HBB bit is set to respond the I2C Bus is busy. It mean that a START signal is detected. This bit is reset to ²0² when the I2C Bus is not busy. It means that a STOP signal is detected and the I2C Bus is free. The SRW bit defines the read/write command bit, if the calling address is match. When HAAS is set to ²1², the device check SRW bit to determine whether the de- Rev. 1.40 Bit7~Bit1 Bit0 Slave Address ¾ ²¾² means undefined HADR (20H) Register The HDR register is the I2C Bus input/output data register. Before transmitting data, the HDR must write the data which needs to be transmitted. Before receiving data, the device must dummy read data from HDR. Transmit or Receive data from I2C Bus must be via the HDR register. At the beginning of the transfer of the I2C Bus, the device must initial the bus, the following are the notes for initialing the I2C Bus: 23 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 S ta rt W r ite S la v e A d d re s s to H A D R S E T H E N D is a b le I2C B u s In te rru p t= ? E n a b le C L R E H I P o ll H IF to d e c id e w h e n to g o to I2C B u s IS R S E T E H I W a it fo r In te r r u p t G o to M a in P r o g r a m G o to M a in P r o g r a m S ta rt N o N o R e a d fro m Y e s Y e s H T X = 1 ? H D R R E T I Y e s Y e s H A A S = 1 ? R X A K = 1 ? N o C L R H T X C L R T X A K W r ite to H D R D u m m y R e a d fro m H D R R E T I S R W = 1 ? N o S E T H T X C L R H T X C L R T X A K W r ite to H D R D u m m y R e a d F ro m H D R R E T I R E T I R E T I Rev. 1.40 24 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 Note: 1: Write the I2C Bus address register (HADR) to define its own slave address. 2: Set HEN bit of I2C Bus control register (HCR) bit 0 to enable the I2C Bus. Bit No. Label 0~2 ¾ 3 TXAK 4 HTX 5~6 ¾ 7 HEN Function Unused bit, read as ²0² Enable/disable transmit acknowledge (0= acknowledge; 1= don¢t acknowledge) Defines the transmit/receive mode (0= receive mode; 1= transmit) Unused bit, read as ²0² Enable/disable I2C Bus function (0= disable; 1= enable) HCR (21H) Register 3: Set EHI bit of the interrupt control register 1 (INTC1) bit 0 to enable the I2C Bus interrupt. Bit No. Label Function 0 RXAK RXAK is cleared to ²0² when the master receives an 8-bit data and acknowledgment at the 9th clock, RXAK is set to ²1² means not acknowledged. 1 ¾ 2 SRW 3~4 ¾ 5 HBB HBB is set to ²1² when I2C Bus is busy and HBB is cleared to ²0² means that the I2C Bus is not busy. 6 HAAS HAAS is set to ²1² when the calling address has matched, and I2C Bus interrupt will occur and HCF is set. 7 HCF HCF is cleared to ²0² when one data byte is being transferred, HCF is set to ²1² indicating 8-bit data communication has been finished. Unused bit, read as ²0² SRW is set to ²1² when the master wants to read data from the I2C Bus, so the slave must transmit data to the master. SRW is cleared to ²0² when the master wants to write data to the I2C Bus, so the slave must receive data from the master. Unused bit, read as ²0² HSR (22H) Register S C L S ta rt S R W S la v e A d d r e s s 0 1 S D A 1 1 0 1 0 1 D a ta S C L 1 0 0 1 A C K 0 A C K 0 1 0 S to p 0 S D A S = S S A = S R = M = S D = D A = A P = S S ta rt (1 S la v e S R W la v e d a ta (8 C K (R to p (1 S A b it) A d d r e s s ( 7 b its ) b it ( 1 b it) e v ic e s e n d a c k n o w le d g e b it ( 1 b it) b its ) X A K b it fo r tr a n s m itte r , T X A K b it fo r r e c e iv e r 1 b it) b it) S R M D A D A S S A S R M D A D A P I2C Communication Timing Diagram Rev. 1.40 25 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 Start Signal Acknowledge Bit The START signal is generated only by the master device. The other device in the bus must detect the START signal to set the I2C Bus busy bit (HBB). The START signal is SDA line from high to low, when SCL is high. One of the slave device generates an acknowledge signal, when the slave address is matched. The master device can check this acknowledge bit to know if the slave device accepts the calling address. If no acknowledge bit, the master must send a STOP bit and end the communication. When the I2C Bus status register bit 6 HAAS is high, it means the address is matched, so the slave must check SRW as a transmitter (set HTX) to ²1² or as a receiver (clear HTX) to ²0². S C L S D A Start Bit S C L Slave Address S D A The master must select a device for transferring the data by sending the slave device address after the START signal. All device in the I2C Bus will receive the I2C Bus slave address (7 bits) to compare with its own slave address (7 bits). If the slave address is matched, the slave device will generate an interrupt and save the following bit (8th bit) to SRW bit and sends an acknowledge bit (low level) to the 9th bit. The slave device also sets the status flag (HAAS), when the slave address is matched. Stop Bit Data Byte The data is 8 bits and is sent after the slave device has acknowledged the slave address. The first bit is MSB and the 8th bit is LSB. The receiver sends the acknowledge signal (²0²) and continues to receive the next one byte data. If the transmitter checks and there¢s no acknowledge signal, then it release the SDA line, and the master sends a STOP signal to release the I2C Bus. The data is stored in the HDR register. The transmitter must write data to the HDR before transmitting data and the receiver must read data from the HDR after receiving data. In interrupt subroutine, check HAAS bit to know whether the I2C Bus interrupt comes from a slave address that is matched or a data byte transfer is completed. When the slave address is matched, the device must be in transmit mode or receive mode and write data to HDR or dummy read from HDR to release the SCL line. S C L SRW Bit The SRW bit means that the master device wants to read from or write to the I2C Bus. The slave device check this bit to understand itself if it is a transmitter or a receiver. The SRW bit is set to ²1² means that the master wants to read data from the I2C Bus, so the slave device must write data to a bus as a transmitter. The SRW is cleared to ²0² means that the master wants to write data to the I2C Bus, so the slave device must read data from the I2C Bus as a receiver. Rev. 1.40 S D A S ta r t b it S to p b it D a ta s ta b le D a ta a llo w c h a n g e Data Timing Diagram Receive Acknowledge Bit When the receiver wants to continue to receive the next data byte, it generates an acknowledge bit (TXAK) at the 9th clock. The transmitter checks the acknowledge bit (RXAK) to continue to write data to the I2C Bus or change to receive mode and dummy read the HDR register to release the SDA line and the master sends the STOP signal. 26 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 Options The following shows kinds of options in the device. ALL the options must be defined to ensure proper system function. Options OSC type selection. This option is to decide if an RC or crystal oscillator is chosen as system clock. WDT source selection. There are three types of selection: on-chip RC oscillator, instruction clock or disable the WDT. CLRWDT times selection. This option defines how to clear the WDT by instruction. ²One time² means that the CLR WDT instruction can clear the WDT. ²Two times² means only if both of the CLR WDT1 and CLR WDT2 instructions have been executed, then WDT can be cleared. Wake-up selection. This option defines the wake-up function activity. External I/O pins (PA only) all have the capability to wake-up the chip from a HALT by a falling edge. (Bit option) Pull-high selection. This option is to decide whether a pull-high resistance is visible or not in the input mode of the I/O ports. PA and PB are bit option; PC, PD and PF are port option. PFD selection. If PA3 is set as PFD output, there are two types of selections; One is PFD0 as the PFD output, the other is PFD1 as the PFD output. PFD0, PFD1 are the timer overflow signals of the Timer/Event Counter 0, Timer/Event Counter 1 respectively. PWM selection: (7+1) or (6+2) mode PD0: level output or PWM0 output PD1: level output or PWM1 output PD2: level output or PWM2 output PD3: level output or PWM3 output WDT time-out period selection. 212/fS~213/fS, 213/fS~214/fS, 214/fS~215/fS, 215/fS~216/fS. I2C Bus function: enable or disable LVR selection. LVR has enable or disable options Rev. 1.40 27 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 Application Circuits V D D 0 .0 1 m F * V D D 1 0 0 k W 0 .1 m F R E S 1 0 k W P A 0 ~ P A P A 3 /P F P A P A 5 /IN P A 6 /S D P A 7 /S C 2 D 4 T A V L 4 7 0 p F P B 0 /A N 0 P B 7 /A N 7 ~ 0 .1 m F * V S S R P C 0 ~ P C 7 O S C 1 P D 0 /P W M 0 P D 3 /P W M 3 O S C 2 P D 4 ~ P D 7 P F 0 ~ P F 7 S e e R ig h t S id e O S C fS R 1 H T 4 6 R 2 3 2 /H T 4 6 C 2 3 2 Y S /4 O S C 2 O S C 1 C 2 T M R 0 T M R 1 R C S y s te m O s c illa to r 3 0 k W < R O S C < 7 5 0 k W O S C 1 C 1 ~ O S C C ir c u it D D C ry s ta l S y s te m F o r th e v a lu e s , s e e ta b le b e lo w O s c illa to r O S C 2 O S C C ir c u it The following table shows the C1, C2 and R1 values corresponding to the different crystal values. (For reference only) Crystal or Resonator C1, C2 R1 4MHz Crystal 0pF 10kW 4MHz Resonator 10pF 12kW 3.58MHz Crystal 0pF 10kW 3.58MHz Resonator 25pF 10kW 2MHz Crystal & Resonator 25pF 10kW 1MHz Crystal 35pF 27kW 480kHz Resonator 300pF 9.1kW 455kHz Resonator 300pF 10kW 429kHz Resonator 300pF 10kW The function of the resistor R1 is to ensure that the oscillator will switch off should low voltage conditions occur. Such a low voltage, as mentioned here, is one which is less than the lowest value of the MCU operating voltage. Note however that if the LVR is enabled then R1 can be removed. Note: The resistance and capacitance for reset circuit should be designed in such a way as to ensure that the VDD is stable and remains within a valid operating voltage range before bringing RES to high. ²*² Make the length of the wiring, which is connected to the RES pin as short as possible, to avoid noise interference. Rev. 1.40 28 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 Instruction Set Summary Description Instruction Cycle Flag Affected Add data memory to ACC Add ACC to data memory Add immediate data to ACC Add data memory to ACC with carry Add ACC to data memory with carry Subtract immediate data from ACC Subtract data memory from ACC Subtract data memory from ACC with result in data memory Subtract data memory from ACC with carry Subtract data memory from ACC with carry and result in data memory Decimal adjust ACC for addition with result in data memory 1 1(1) 1 1 1(1) 1 1 1(1) 1 1(1) 1(1) Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV C 1 1 1 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1 1 1 1(1) 1 Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Increment data memory with result in ACC Increment data memory Decrement data memory with result in ACC Decrement data memory 1 1(1) 1 1(1) Z Z Z Z Rotate data memory right with result in ACC Rotate data memory right Rotate data memory right through carry with result in ACC Rotate data memory right through carry Rotate data memory left with result in ACC Rotate data memory left Rotate data memory left through carry with result in ACC Rotate data memory left through carry 1 1(1) 1 1(1) 1 1(1) 1 1(1) None None C C None None C C Move data memory to ACC Move ACC to data memory Move immediate data to ACC 1 1(1) 1 None None None Clear bit of data memory Set bit of data memory 1(1) 1(1) None None Mnemonic Arithmetic ADD A,[m] ADDM A,[m] ADD A,x ADC A,[m] ADCM A,[m] SUB A,x SUB A,[m] SUBM A,[m] SBC A,[m] SBCM A,[m] DAA [m] Logic Operation AND A,[m] OR A,[m] XOR A,[m] ANDM A,[m] ORM A,[m] XORM A,[m] AND A,x OR A,x XOR A,x CPL [m] CPLA [m] AND data memory to ACC OR data memory to ACC Exclusive-OR data memory to ACC AND ACC to data memory OR ACC to data memory Exclusive-OR ACC to data memory AND immediate data to ACC OR immediate data to ACC Exclusive-OR immediate data to ACC Complement data memory Complement data memory with result in ACC Increment & Decrement INCA [m] INC [m] DECA [m] DEC [m] Rotate RRA [m] RR [m] RRCA [m] RRC [m] RLA [m] RL [m] RLCA [m] RLC [m] Data Move MOV A,[m] MOV [m],A MOV A,x Bit Operation CLR [m].i SET [m].i Rev. 1.40 29 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 Instruction Cycle Flag Affected Jump unconditionally Skip if data memory is zero Skip if data memory is zero with data movement to ACC Skip if bit i of data memory is zero Skip if bit i of data memory is not zero Skip if increment data memory is zero Skip if decrement data memory is zero Skip if increment data memory is zero with result in ACC Skip if decrement data memory is zero with result in ACC Subroutine call Return from subroutine Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC Return from interrupt 2 1(2) 1(2) 1(2) 1(2) 1(3) 1(3) 1(2) 1(2) 2 2 2 2 None None None None None None None None None None None None None Read ROM code (current page) to data memory and TBLH Read ROM code (last page) to data memory and TBLH 2(1) 2(1) None None No operation Clear data memory Set data memory Clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Swap nibbles of data memory Swap nibbles of data memory with result in ACC Enter power down mode 1 1(1) 1(1) 1 1 1 1(1) 1 1 None None None TO,PDF TO(4),PDF(4) TO(4),PDF(4) None None TO,PDF Mnemonic Description Branch JMP addr SZ [m] SZA [m] SZ [m].i SNZ [m].i SIZ [m] SDZ [m] SIZA [m] SDZA [m] CALL addr RET RET A,x RETI Table Read TABRDC [m] TABRDL [m] Miscellaneous NOP CLR [m] SET [m] CLR WDT CLR WDT1 CLR WDT2 SWAP [m] SWAPA [m] HALT Note: x: Immediate data m: Data memory address A: Accumulator i: 0~7 number of bits addr: Program memory address Ö: Flag is affected -: Flag is not affected (1) : If a loading to the PCL register occurs, the execution cycle of instructions will be delayed for one more cycle (four system clocks). (2) : If a skipping to the next instruction occurs, the execution cycle of instructions will be delayed for one more cycle (four system clocks). Otherwise the original instruction cycle is unchanged. (3) (1) : (4) Rev. 1.40 and (2) : The flags may be affected by the execution status. If the Watchdog Timer is cleared by executing the CLR WDT1 or CLR WDT2 instruction, the TO and PDF are cleared. Otherwise the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged. 30 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 Instruction Definition ADC A,[m] Add data memory and carry to the accumulator Description The contents of the specified data memory, accumulator and the carry flag are added simultaneously, leaving the result in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC+[m]+C Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö ADCM A,[m] Add the accumulator and carry to data memory Description The contents of the specified data memory, accumulator and the carry flag are added simultaneously, leaving the result in the specified data memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC+[m]+C Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö ADD A,[m] Add data memory to the accumulator Description The contents of the specified data memory and the accumulator are added. The result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC+[m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö ADD A,x Add immediate data to the accumulator Description The contents of the accumulator and the specified data are added, leaving the result in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC+x Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö ADDM A,[m] Add the accumulator to the data memory Description The contents of the specified data memory and the accumulator are added. The result is stored in the data memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC+[m] Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.40 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö 31 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 AND A,[m] Logical AND accumulator with data memory Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data memory perform a bitwise logical_AND operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ AND A,x Logical AND immediate data to the accumulator Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical_AND operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² x Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ ANDM A,[m] Logical AND data memory with the accumulator Description Data in the specified data memory and the accumulator perform a bitwise logical_AND operation. The result is stored in the data memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC ²AND² [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ CALL addr Subroutine call Description The instruction unconditionally calls a subroutine located at the indicated address. The program counter increments once to obtain the address of the next instruction, and pushes this onto the stack. The indicated address is then loaded. Program execution continues with the instruction at this address. Operation Stack ¬ Program Counter+1 Program Counter ¬ addr Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ CLR [m] Clear data memory Description The contents of the specified data memory are cleared to 0. Operation [m] ¬ 00H Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.40 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 32 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 CLR [m].i Clear bit of data memory Description The bit i of the specified data memory is cleared to 0. Operation [m].i ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ CLR WDT Clear Watchdog Timer Description The WDT is cleared (clears the WDT). The power down bit (PDF) and time-out bit (TO) are cleared. Operation WDT ¬ 00H PDF and TO ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C 0 0 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ CLR WDT1 Preclear Watchdog Timer Description Together with CLR WDT2, clears the WDT. PDF and TO are also cleared. Only execution of this instruction without the other preclear instruction just sets the indicated flag which implies this instruction has been executed and the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged. Operation WDT ¬ 00H* PDF and TO ¬ 0* Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C 0* 0* ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ CLR WDT2 Preclear Watchdog Timer Description Together with CLR WDT1, clears the WDT. PDF and TO are also cleared. Only execution of this instruction without the other preclear instruction, sets the indicated flag which implies this instruction has been executed and the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged. Operation WDT ¬ 00H* PDF and TO ¬ 0* Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C 0* 0* ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ CPL [m] Complement data memory Description Each bit of the specified data memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice-versa. Operation [m] ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.40 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ 33 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 CPLA [m] Complement data memory and place result in the accumulator Description Each bit of the specified data memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice-versa. The complemented result is stored in the accumulator and the contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ DAA [m] Decimal-Adjust accumulator for addition Description The accumulator value is adjusted to the BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) code. The accumulator is divided into two nibbles. Each nibble is adjusted to the BCD code and an internal carry (AC1) will be done if the low nibble of the accumulator is greater than 9. The BCD adjustment is done by adding 6 to the original value if the original value is greater than 9 or a carry (AC or C) is set; otherwise the original value remains unchanged. The result is stored in the data memory and only the carry flag (C) may be affected. Operation If ACC.3~ACC.0 >9 or AC=1 then [m].3~[m].0 ¬ (ACC.3~ACC.0)+6, AC1=AC else [m].3~[m].0 ¬ (ACC.3~ACC.0), AC1=0 and If ACC.7~ACC.4+AC1 >9 or C=1 then [m].7~[m].4 ¬ ACC.7~ACC.4+6+AC1,C=1 else [m].7~[m].4 ¬ ACC.7~ACC.4+AC1,C=C Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö DEC [m] Decrement data memory Description Data in the specified data memory is decremented by 1. Operation [m] ¬ [m]-1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ DECA [m] Decrement data memory and place result in the accumulator Description Data in the specified data memory is decremented by 1, leaving the result in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m]-1 Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.40 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ 34 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 HALT Enter power down mode Description This instruction stops program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents of the RAM and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The power down bit (PDF) is set and the WDT time-out bit (TO) is cleared. Operation Program Counter ¬ Program Counter+1 PDF ¬ 1 TO ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C 0 1 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ INC [m] Increment data memory Description Data in the specified data memory is incremented by 1 Operation [m] ¬ [m]+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ INCA [m] Increment data memory and place result in the accumulator Description Data in the specified data memory is incremented by 1, leaving the result in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m]+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ JMP addr Directly jump Description The program counter are replaced with the directly-specified address unconditionally, and control is passed to this destination. Operation Program Counter ¬addr Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ MOV A,[m] Move data memory to the accumulator Description The contents of the specified data memory are copied to the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.40 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 35 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 MOV A,x Move immediate data to the accumulator Description The 8-bit data specified by the code is loaded into the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ x Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ MOV [m],A Move the accumulator to data memory Description The contents of the accumulator are copied to the specified data memory (one of the data memories). Operation [m] ¬ACC Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ NOP No operation Description No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction. Operation Program Counter ¬ Program Counter+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ OR A,[m] Logical OR accumulator with data memory Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data memory (one of the data memories) perform a bitwise logical_OR operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ OR A,x Logical OR immediate data to the accumulator Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical_OR operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² x Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ ORM A,[m] Logical OR data memory with the accumulator Description Data in the data memory (one of the data memories) and the accumulator perform a bitwise logical_OR operation. The result is stored in the data memory. Operation [m] ¬ACC ²OR² [m] Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.40 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ 36 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 RET Return from subroutine Description The program counter is restored from the stack. This is a 2-cycle instruction. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ RET A,x Return and place immediate data in the accumulator Description The program counter is restored from the stack and the accumulator loaded with the specified 8-bit immediate data. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack ACC ¬ x Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ RETI Return from interrupt Description The program counter is restored from the stack, and interrupts are enabled by setting the EMI bit. EMI is the enable master (global) interrupt bit. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack EMI ¬ 1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ RL [m] Rotate data memory left Description The contents of the specified data memory are rotated 1 bit left with bit 7 rotated into bit 0. Operation [m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].0 ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ RLA [m] Rotate data memory left and place result in the accumulator Description Data in the specified data memory is rotated 1 bit left with bit 7 rotated into bit 0, leaving the rotated result in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.40 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 37 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 RLC [m] Rotate data memory left through carry Description The contents of the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit left. Bit 7 replaces the carry bit; the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0 position. Operation [m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].0 ¬ C C ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö RLCA [m] Rotate left through carry and place result in the accumulator Description Data in the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit left. Bit 7 replaces the carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0 position. The rotated result is stored in the accumulator but the contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) ACC.0 ¬ C C ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö RR [m] Rotate data memory right Description The contents of the specified data memory are rotated 1 bit right with bit 0 rotated to bit 7. Operation [m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].7 ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ RRA [m] Rotate right and place result in the accumulator Description Data in the specified data memory is rotated 1 bit right with bit 0 rotated into bit 7, leaving the rotated result in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i) ¬ [m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) ACC.7 ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ RRC [m] Rotate data memory right through carry Description The contents of the specified data memory and the carry flag are together rotated 1 bit right. Bit 0 replaces the carry bit; the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 7 position. Operation [m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].7 ¬ C C ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.40 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö 38 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 RRCA [m] Rotate right through carry and place result in the accumulator Description Data of the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit right. Bit 0 replaces the carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 7 position. The rotated result is stored in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) ACC.7 ¬ C C ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö SBC A,[m] Subtract data memory and carry from the accumulator Description The contents of the specified data memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the accumulator, leaving the result in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC+[m]+C Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö SBCM A,[m] Subtract data memory and carry from the accumulator Description The contents of the specified data memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the accumulator, leaving the result in the data memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC+[m]+C Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö SDZ [m] Skip if decrement data memory is 0 Description The contents of the specified data memory are decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the next instruction is skipped. If the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if ([m]-1)=0, [m] ¬ ([m]-1) Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ SDZA [m] Decrement data memory and place result in ACC, skip if 0 Description The contents of the specified data memory are decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the next instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the accumulator but the data memory remains unchanged. If the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if ([m]-1)=0, ACC ¬ ([m]-1) Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.40 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 39 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 SET [m] Set data memory Description Each bit of the specified data memory is set to 1. Operation [m] ¬ FFH Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ SET [m]. i Set bit of data memory Description Bit i of the specified data memory is set to 1. Operation [m].i ¬ 1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ SIZ [m] Skip if increment data memory is 0 Description The contents of the specified data memory are incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if ([m]+1)=0, [m] ¬ ([m]+1) Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ SIZA [m] Increment data memory and place result in ACC, skip if 0 Description The contents of the specified data memory are incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the next instruction is skipped and the result is stored in the accumulator. The data memory remains unchanged. If the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if ([m]+1)=0, ACC ¬ ([m]+1) Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ SNZ [m].i Skip if bit i of the data memory is not 0 Description If bit i of the specified data memory is not 0, the next instruction is skipped. If bit i of the data memory is not 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if [m].i¹0 Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.40 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 40 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 SUB A,[m] Subtract data memory from the accumulator Description The specified data memory is subtracted from the contents of the accumulator, leaving the result in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC+[m]+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö SUBM A,[m] Subtract data memory from the accumulator Description The specified data memory is subtracted from the contents of the accumulator, leaving the result in the data memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC+[m]+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö SUB A,x Subtract immediate data from the accumulator Description The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the accumulator, leaving the result in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC+x+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö SWAP [m] Swap nibbles within the data memory Description The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified data memory (1 of the data memories) are interchanged. Operation [m].3~[m].0 « [m].7~[m].4 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ SWAPA [m] Swap data memory and place result in the accumulator Description The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified data memory are interchanged, writing the result to the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.3~ACC.0 ¬ [m].7~[m].4 ACC.7~ACC.4 ¬ [m].3~[m].0 Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.40 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 41 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 SZ [m] Skip if data memory is 0 Description If the contents of the specified data memory are 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if [m]=0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ SZA [m] Move data memory to ACC, skip if 0 Description The contents of the specified data memory are copied to the accumulator. If the contents is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if [m]=0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ SZ [m].i Skip if bit i of the data memory is 0 Description If bit i of the specified data memory is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if [m].i=0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ TABRDC [m] Move the ROM code (current page) to TBLH and data memory Description The low byte of ROM code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the specified data memory and the high byte transferred to TBLH directly. Operation [m] ¬ ROM code (low byte) TBLH ¬ ROM code (high byte) Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ TABRDL [m] Move the ROM code (last page) to TBLH and data memory Description The low byte of ROM code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the data memory and the high byte transferred to TBLH directly. Operation [m] ¬ ROM code (low byte) TBLH ¬ ROM code (high byte) Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.40 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 42 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 XOR A,[m] Logical XOR accumulator with data memory Description Data in the accumulator and the indicated data memory perform a bitwise logical Exclusive_OR operation and the result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ XORM A,[m] Logical XOR data memory with the accumulator Description Data in the indicated data memory and the accumulator perform a bitwise logical Exclusive_OR operation. The result is stored in the data memory. The 0 flag is affected. Operation [m] ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ XOR A,x Logical XOR immediate data to the accumulator Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical Exclusive_OR operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. The 0 flag is affected. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² x Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.40 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ 43 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 Package Information 28-pin SKDIP (300mil) Outline Dimensions A B 2 8 1 5 1 1 4 H C D E Symbol Rev. 1.40 F a G I Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. A 1375 ¾ 1395 B 278 ¾ 298 C 125 ¾ 135 D 125 ¾ 145 E 16 ¾ 20 F 50 ¾ 70 G ¾ 100 ¾ H 295 ¾ 315 I 330 ¾ 375 a 0° ¾ 15° 44 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 28-pin SOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions 2 8 1 5 A B 1 1 4 C C ' G H D E Symbol Rev. 1.40 a F Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. A 394 ¾ 419 B 290 ¾ 300 C 14 ¾ 20 C¢ 697 ¾ 713 D 92 ¾ 104 E ¾ 50 ¾ F 4 ¾ ¾ G 32 ¾ 38 H 4 ¾ 12 a 0° ¾ 10° 45 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 48-pin SSOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions 4 8 2 5 A B 2 4 1 C C ' G H D E Symbol Rev. 1.40 a F Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. A 395 ¾ 420 B 291 ¾ 299 C 8 ¾ 12 C¢ 613 ¾ 637 D 85 ¾ 99 E ¾ 25 ¾ F 4 ¾ 10 G 25 ¾ 35 H 4 ¾ 12 a 0° ¾ 8° 46 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 Product Tape and Reel Specifications Reel Dimensions D T 2 A C B T 1 SOP 28W (300mil) Symbol Description Dimensions in mm A Reel Outer Diameter 330±1.0 B Reel Inner Diameter 62±1.5 C Spindle Hole Diameter 13.0+0.5 -0.2 D Key Slit Width 2.0±0.5 T1 Space Between Flange 24.8+0.3 -0.2 T2 Reel Thickness 30.2±0.2 SSOP 48W Symbol Description Dimensions in mm A Reel Outer Diameter B Reel Inner Diameter 100±0.1 C Spindle Hole Diameter 13.0+0.5 -0.2 D Key Slit Width 2.0±0.5 T1 Space Between Flange 32.2+0.3 -0.2 T2 Reel Thickness 38.2±0.2 Rev. 1.40 330±1.0 47 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 Carrier Tape Dimensions P 0 D P 1 t E F W C D 1 B 0 P K 0 A 0 SOP 28W (300mil) Symbol Description Dimensions in mm W Carrier Tape Width 24.0±0.3 P Cavity Pitch 12.0±0.1 E Perforation Position 1.75±0.1 F Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction) 11.5±0.1 D Perforation Diameter 1.5+0.1 D1 Cavity Hole Diameter 1.5+0.25 P0 Perforation Pitch 4.0±0.1 P1 Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction) 2.0±0.1 A0 Cavity Length 10.85±0.1 B0 Cavity Width 18.34±0.1 K0 Cavity Depth 2.97±0.1 t Carrier Tape Thickness 0.35±0.01 C Cover Tape Width Rev. 1.40 21.3 48 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 P 0 D P 1 t E F W D 1 C B 0 K 1 P K 2 A 0 SSOP 48W Symbol Description Dimensions in mm W Carrier Tape Width 32.0±0.3 P Cavity Pitch 16.0±0.1 E Perforation Position 1.75±0.1 F Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction) 14.2±0.1 D Perforation Diameter 2.0 Min. D1 Cavity Hole Diameter 1.5+0.25 P0 Perforation Pitch 4.0±0.1 P1 Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction) 2.0±0.1 A0 Cavity Length 12.0±0.1 B0 Cavity Width 16.20±0.1 K1 Cavity Depth 2.4±0.1 K2 Cavity Depth 3.2±0.1 t Carrier Tape Thickness C Cover Tape Width Rev. 1.40 0.35±0.05 25.5 49 November 23, 2005 HT46R232/HT46C232 Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Headquarters) No.3, Creation Rd. II, Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan Tel: 886-3-563-1999 Fax: 886-3-563-1189 http://www.holtek.com.tw Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Taipei Sales Office) 4F-2, No. 3-2, YuanQu St., Nankang Software Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan Tel: 886-2-2655-7070 Fax: 886-2-2655-7373 Fax: 886-2-2655-7383 (International sales hotline) Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shanghai Sales Office) 7th Floor, Building 2, No.889, Yi Shan Rd., Shanghai, China 200233 Tel: 021-6485-5560 Fax: 021-6485-0313 http://www.holtek.com.cn Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shenzhen Sales Office) 43F, SEG Plaza, Shen Nan Zhong Road, Shenzhen, China 518031 Tel: 0755-8346-5589 Fax: 0755-8346-5590 ISDN: 0755-8346-5591 Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Beijing Sales Office) Suite 1721, Jinyu Tower, A129 West Xuan Wu Men Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China 100031 Tel: 010-6641-0030, 6641-7751, 6641-7752 Fax: 010-6641-0125 Holmate Semiconductor, Inc. (North America Sales Office) 46712 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538 Tel: 510-252-9880 Fax: 510-252-9885 http://www.holmate.com Copyright Ó 2005 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC. The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek assumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek¢s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information, please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw. Rev. 1.40 50 November 23, 2005