LM4610 Dual DC Operated Tone/Volume/Balance Circuit with National 3-D Sound General Description Features The LM4610 is a DC controlled tone (bass/treble), volume and balance circuit for stereo applications in car radio, TV and audio systems. It also features National’s 3D-Sound Circuitry which can be externally adjusted via a simple RC Network. An additional control input allows loudness compensation to be simply effected. Four control inputs provide control of the bass, treble, balance and volume functions through application of DC voltages from a remote control system or, alternatively, from four potentiometers which may be biased from a zener regulated supply provided on the circuit. Each tone response is defined by a single capacitor chosen to give the desired characteristic. n n n n n n National 3-D Sound Wide supply voltage range, 9V to 16V Large volume control range, 75 dB typical Tone control, ± 15 dB typical Channel separation, 75 dB typical Low distortion, 0.06% typical for an input level of 0.3 Vrms n High signal to noise, 80 dB typical for an input level of 0.3 Vrms n Few external components required Block and Connection Diagram Dual-In-Line Package DS101125-1 Order Number LM4610N See NS Package Number N24A © 1999 National Semiconductor Corporation DS101125 www.national.com LM4610 Dual DC Operated Tone/Volume/Balance Circuit with National 3-D Sound May 1999 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Power Dissipation Lead Temp. (Soldering, 10 seconds) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Supply Voltage Control Pin Voltage (Pins 6, 9, 11, 14, 16) 0˚C to +70˚C −65˚C to +150˚C 1.5W 260˚C Note 1: “Absolute Maximum Ratings” indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. 16V VCC Electrical Characteristics VCC = 12V, TA = 25˚C (unless otherwise stated) Parameter Supply Voltage Range Conditions Min Pin 13 Supply Current Zener Regulated Output Typ 9 35 (Note 2) Input Resistance Output Resistance V 45 mA 5 mA 5.4 Current Maximum Input Voltage Units 16 Pin 19 Voltage Maximum Output Voltage Max Pins 10, 15; f = 1 kHz VCC = 9V, Maximum Gain V 0.8 Vrms VCC = 12V 0.8 1.0 Vrms Pins 2, 23; f = 1 kHz, VCC = 9V Flat Gain Response, VCC = 12V 1.3 1.1 Vrms 1.6 Vrms 30 kΩ Gain = −10 dB Pins 2, 23; f = 1 kHz Pins 10, 15; f = 1 kHz 20 Ω 20 Volume Control Range V(Pin 14) = V(Pin 19); f = 1 kHz f = 1 kHz Gain Tracking f = 1 kHz Channel 1–Channel 2 0 dB through −40 dB 1 2 dB Balance Control Range −40 dB through −60 dB Pins 10, 15; f = 1 kHz 1 dB Maximum Gain −2 0 70 75 −26 Bass Control Range (Note 3) Treble Control Range (Note 3) Total Harmonic Distortion Channel Separation Signal/Noise Ratio f = 40 Hz, Cb = 0.39 µF V(Pin 10) = V(Pin 19) dB dB 3 dB −20 dB 12 15 18 dB V(Pin 10) = 0V f = 16 kHz, Ct, = 0.01 µF V(Pin 6) = V(Pin 19) −12 −15 −18 dB 12 15 18 dB V(Pin 6) = 0V f = 1 kHz, VIN = 0.3 Vrms Gain = 0 dB −12 −15 −18 dB 0.06 0.3 % Gain = −30 dB f = 1 kHz, Maximum Gain 60 Unweighted 100 Hz–20 kHz Maximum Gain, 0 dB = 0.3 Vrms CCIR/ARM (Note 4) Gain = 0 dB, VIN = 0.3 Vrms Gain = −20 dB, VIN = 1.0 Vrms Output Noise Voltage at 2 75 CCIR/ARM (Note 4) 0.03 % 75 dB 80 dB 79 dB 72 dB 10 µV Minimum Gain Supply Ripple Rejection Control Input Currents 200 mVrms, 1 kHz Ripple Pins 6, 9, 11, 14, 16(V = 0V) Frequency Response −1 dB (Flat Response 35 250 20 Hz–16 kHz) www.national.com -50 −0.6 2 dB −2.5 µA kHz Electrical Characteristics (Continued) Note 2: The maximum permissible input level is dependent on tone and volume settings. See Application Notes. Note 3: The tone control range is defined by capacitors Cb and Ct. See Application Notes. Note 4: Gaussian noise, measured over a period of 50 ms per channel, with a CCIR filter referenced to 2 kHz and an average-responding meter. Typical Performance Characteristics Volume Control Characteristics Balance Control Characteristic Tone Control Characteristic DS101125-22 DS101125-21 DS101125-20 Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency) Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency) DS101125-23 Input Signal Handling vs Supply Voltage Loudness Compensated Volume Characteristic DS101125-25 DS101125-24 Channel Separation vs Frequency THD vs Gain DS101125-27 DS101125-28 DS101125-33 3 www.national.com Typical Performance Characteristics Loudness Control Characteristic (Continued) Output Noise Voltage vs Gain THD vs Input Voltage DS101125-31 DS101125-29 DS101125-30 Application Notes an in-phase signal from the opposite channel. As the normal signals are inverted at this point, the appropriate phase-reversed cross-coupling is achieved. An effective level of coupling of 60% can be obtained using 4.7k in conjunction with the internal 6.5k emitter resistors. At low frequencies, speakers become less directional and it becomes desirable to reduce the enhancement effect. With a 0.1µF coupling capacitor, as shown, roll-off occurs below 330 Hz. The coupling components may be varied for alternative responses. TONE RESPONSE The maximum boost and cut can be optimized for individual applications by selection of the appropriate values of Ct (treble) and Cb (bass). The tone responses are defined by the relationships: ZENER VOLTAGE A zener voltage (pin 19 = 5.4V) is provided which may be used to bias the control potentiometers. Setting a DC level of one half of the zener voltage on the control inputs, pins 6,11, and 16, results in the balanced gain and flat response condition. Typical spread on the zener voltage is ± 100 mV and this must be taken into account if control signals are used which are not referenced to the zener voltage. If this is the case, then they will need to be derived with similar accuracy. Where ab = at = 0 for maximum bass and treble boost respectively and ab = at = 1 for maximum cut. For the values of Cb and Ct of 0.39 µF and 0.01 µF as shown in the Application Circuit, 15 dB of boost or cut is obtained at 40 Hz and 16 kHz. LOUDNESS COMPENSATION A simple loudness compensation may be effected by applying a DC control voltage to pin 9. This operates on the tone control stages to produce an additional boost limited by the maximum boost defined by Cb and Ct. There is no loudness compensation when pin 9 is connected to pin 19. Pin 9 can be connected to pin 14 to give the loudness compensated volume characteristic as illustrated without the addition of further external components. (Tone settings are for flat response, Cb and Ct as given in Application Circuit.) Modification to the loudness characteristic is possible by changing the capacitors Cb and Ct for a different basic response or, by a resistor network between pins 9 and 14 for a different threshold and slope. NATIONAL 3D-SOUND When stereo speakers need to be closer than optimum because of equipment /cabinet limitations, an improved stereo effect can be obtained using a modest amount of phase - reversed interchannel cross-coupling. In the LM4610 the input stage tramsistor emitters are brought out to facillitate this. The arrangement is shown below in the basic form. SIGNAL HANDLING The volume control function of the LM4610 is carried out in two stages, controlled by the DC voltage on pin 14, to improve signal handling capability and provide a reduction of output noise level at reduced gain. The first stage is before the tone control processing and provides an initial 15 dB of gain reduction, so ensuring that the tone sections are not overdriven by large input levels when operating with a low volume setting. Any combination of tone and volume settings DS101125-34 With a monophonic source, the emitters have the same signal and the resistor and capacitor connected between them have no effect. With a stereo signal each transistor works in the grounded base mode for stereo components, generating www.national.com 4 Application Notes volume control on the input stages, the inputs may be operated with a lower overload margin than would otherwise be acceptable, allowing a possible improvement in signal to noise ratio. (Continued) may be used provided the output level does not exceed 1 Vrms, VCC = 12V (0.7 Vrms, VCC = 9V). At reduced gain ( < −6 dB)the input stage will overload if the input level exceeds 1.6 Vrms, VCC = 12V (1.1 Vrms, VCC = 9V). As there is Application Circuit DS101125-35 Applications Information OBTAINING MODIFIED RESPONSE CURVES The LM4610 is a dual DC controlled bass, treble, balance and volume integrated circuit ideal for stereo audio systems. In the various applications where the LM4610 can be used, there may be requirements for responses different to those of the standard application circuit given in the data sheet. This application section details some of the simple variations possible on the standard responses, to assist the choice of optimum characteristics for particular applications. TONE CONTROLS Summarizing the relationship given in the data sheet, basically for an increase in the treble control range Ct must be increased, and for increased bass range Cb must be reduced. Figure 1 shows the typical tone response obtained in the standard application circuit. (Ct = 0.01 µF, Cb = 0.39 µF). Response curves are given for various amounts of boost and cut. DS101125-4 FIGURE 1. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency) Figure 2 and Figure 3 show the effect of changing the response defining capacitors Ct and Cb to 2Ct, Cb/2 and 4Ct, Cb/4 respectively, giving increased tone control ranges. The values of the bypass capacitors may become significant and affect the lower frequencies in the bass response curves. 5 www.national.com Applications Information used to bias back the bass control from a high boost condition, to prevent overloading the speaker with low frequency components. (Continued) LOUDNESS CONTROL The loudness control is achieved through control of the tone sections by the voltage applied to pin 9; therefore, the tone and loudness functions are not independent. There is normally 1 dB more bass than treble boost (40 Hz–16 kHz) with loudness control in the standard circuit. If a greater difference is desired, it is necessary to introduce an offset by means of Ct or Cb or by changing the nominal control voltage ranges. Figure 7 shows the typical loudness curves obtained in the standard application circuit at various volume levels (Cb = 0.39 µF). DS101125-5 FIGURE 2. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency) DS101125-6 FIGURE 3. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency) DS101125-7 Figure 4 shows the effect of changing Ct and Cb in the opposite direction to Ct/2, 2Cb respectively giving reduced control ranges. The various results corresponding to the different Ct and Cb values may be mixed if it is required to give a particular emphasis to, for example, the bass control. The particular case with Cb/2, Ct is illustrated in Figure 5. FIGURE 4. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency) RESTRICTION OF TONE CONTROL ACTION AT HIGH OR LOW FREQUENCIES It may be desired in some applications to level off the tone responses above or below certain frequencies for example to reduce high frequence noise. This may be achieved for the treble response by including a resistor in series with Ct. The treble boost and cut will be 3 dB less than the standard circuit when R = XC. A similar effect may be obtained for the bass response by reducing the value of the AC bypass capacitors on pins 7 (channel 1) and 18 (channel 2). The internal resistance at these pins is 1.3 kΩ and the bass boost/cut will be approximately 3 dB less with XC at this value. An example of such modified response curves is shown in Figure 6. The input coupling capacitors may also modify the low frequency response. DS101125-8 FIGURE 5. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency) It will be seen from Figure 2 and Figure 3 that modifying Ct and Cb for greater control range also has the effect of flattening the tone control extremes and this may be utilized, with or without additional modification as outlined above, for the most suitable tone control range and response shape. OTHER ADVANTAGES OF DC CONTROLS The DC controls make the addition of other features easy to arrange. For example, the negative-going peaks of the output amplifiers may be detected below a certain level, and www.national.com DS101125-9 FIGURE 6. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency) 6 Applications Information The control on pin 9 may also be divided down towards ground bringing the control action on earlier. This is illustrated in Figure 12, With a suitable level shifting network between pins 14 and 9, the onset of loudness control and its rate of change may be readily modified. (Continued) DS101125-10 FIGURE 7. Loudness Compensated Volume Characteristic DS101125-13 Figure 8 and Figure 9 illustrate the loudness characteristics obtained with Cb changed to Cb/2 and Cb/4 respectively, Ct being kept at the nominal 0.01 µF. These values naturally modify the bass tone response as in Figure 2 and Figure 3. With pins 9 (loudness) and 14 (volume) directly connected, loudness control starts at typically −8 dB volume, with most of the control action complete by −30 dB. FIGURE 10. Loudness Compensated Volume Characteristic DS101125-14 FIGURE 11. Loudness Compensated Volume Characteristic DS101125-11 FIGURE 8. Loudness Compensated Volume Characteristic DS101125-15 FIGURE 12. Loudness Compensated Volume Characteristic DS101125-12 When adjusted for maximum boost in the usual application circuit, the LM4610 cannot give additional boost from the loudness control with reducing gain. If it is required, some additional boost can be obtained by restricting the tone control range and modifying Ct, Cb, to compensate. A circuit illustrating this for the case of bass boost is shown in Figure 13. The resulting responses are given in Figure 14 showing the continuing loudness control action possible with bass boost previously applied. FIGURE 9. Loudness Compensated Volume Characteristic Figure 10 and Figure 11 show the effect of resistively offsetting the voltage applied to pin 9 towards the control reference voltage (pin 19). Because the control inputs are high impedance, this is easily done and high value resistors may be used for minimal additional loading. It is possible to reduce the rate of onset of control to extend the active range to −50 dB volume control and below. 7 www.national.com Applications Information quency range for possible use in wide band equalization applications. As an example Figure 15 shows the responses obtained centered on 10 kHz with Cb = 0.039 µF and Ct = 0.001 µF. (Continued) USE OF THE LM4610 ABOVE AUDIO FREQUENCIES The LM4610 has a basic response typically 1 dB down at 250 kHz (tone controls flat) and therefore by scaling Cb and Ct, it is possible to arrange for operation over a wide fre- DS101125-36 FIGURE 13. Modified Application Circuit for Additional Bass Boost with Loudness Control DS101125-18 DS101125-17 FIGURE 15. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency) FIGURE 14. Loudness Compensated Volume Characteristic www.national.com 8 Applications Information to save components. For switching with a 0V - 5V signal a low-threshold FET is required when using a 12V supply. With larger switching levels this is less critical. The high impedance PNP base input of the loudness control pin 9 is readily switched with a general purpose NPN transistor. (Continued) DC CONTROL OF NATIONAL 3D-SOUND AND LOUDNESS CONTROL Figure Figure 16 shows a possible circuit if electronic control of these functions is required. The typical DC level at pins 3 and 22 is 7.5V (VCC = 12), with the input signal superimposed, and this can be used to gias a FET switch as shown DS101125-37 FIGURE 16. Application Circuit with Electronic Switching 9 www.national.com (One Channel) DS101125-38 Simplified Schematic Diagram www.national.com 10 inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N) Order Number LM4610N NS Package Number N20A LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. National Semiconductor Corporation Americas Tel: 1-800-272-9959 Fax: 1-800-737-7018 Email: [email protected] www.national.com National Semiconductor Europe Fax: +49 (0) 1 80-530 85 86 Email: [email protected] Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-530 85 85 English Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-532 78 32 Français Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-532 93 58 Italiano Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-534 16 80 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Customer Response Group Tel: 65-2544466 Fax: 65-2504466 Email: [email protected] National Semiconductor Japan Ltd. Tel: 81-3-5639-7560 Fax: 81-3-5639-7507 National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. LM4610 Dual DC Operated Tone/Volume/Balance Circuit with National 3-D Sound Physical Dimensions