SN74AVC16334 16-BIT UNIVERSAL BUS DRIVER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS SCES154G – DECEMBER 1998 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2000 D D D D D Member of the Texas Instruments Widebus Family EPIC (Enhanced-Performance Implanted CMOS) Submicron Process DOC (Dynamic Output Control) Circuit Dynamically Changes Output Impedance, Resulting in Noise Reduction Without Speed Degradation Dynamic Drive Capability Is Equivalent to Standard Outputs With IOH and IOL of ±24 mA at 2.5-V VCC Overvoltage-Tolerant Inputs/Outputs Allow Mixed-Voltage-Mode Data Communications D D D D D Ioff Supports Partial-Power-Down Mode Operation Ideal for Use in PC133 Registered DIMM Applications ESD Protection Exceeds JESD 22 – 2000-V Human-Body Model (A114-A) – 200-V Machine Model (A115-A) Latch-Up Performance Exceeds 100 mA Per JESD 78, Class II Package Options Include Plastic Thin Shrink Small-Outline (DGG) and Thin Very Small-Outline (DGV) Packages description A Dynamic Output Control (DOC) circuit is implemented, which, during the transition, initially lowers the output impedance to effectively drive the load and, subsequently, raises the impedance to reduce noise. Figure 1 shows typical VOL vs IOL and VOH vs IOH curves to illustrate the output impedance and drive capability of the circuit. At the beginning of the signal transition, the DOC circuit provides a maximum dynamic drive that is equivalent to a high-drive standard-output device. For more information, refer to the TI application reports, AVC Logic Family Technology and Applications, literature number SCEA006, and Dynamic Output Control (DOC) Circuitry Technology and Applications, literature number SCEA009. 3.2 TA = 25°C Process = Nominal – Output Voltage – V 2.4 VCC = 3.3 V 2.0 1.6 VCC = 2.5 V 1.2 OH VCC = 1.8 V 0.8 V VOL – Output Voltage – V 2.8 2.8 TA = 25°C Process = Nominal 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.8 VCC = 3.3 V VCC = 2.5 V 0.4 0.4 0 17 34 51 68 85 102 119 IOL – Output Current – mA 136 153 170 VCC = 1.8 V –160 –144 –128 –112 –96 –80 –64 –48 IOH – Output Current – mA –32 –16 0 Figure 1. Output Voltage vs Output Current This 16-bit universal bus driver is operational at 1.2-V to 3.6-V VCC, but is designed specifically for 1.65-V to 3.6-V VCC operation. Data flow from A to Y is controlled by the output-enable (OE) input. The device operates in the transparent mode when the latch-enable (LE) input is low. When LE is high, the A data is latched if the clock (CLK) input is held at a high or low logic level. If LE is high, the A data is stored in the latch/flip-flop on the low-to-high transition of CLK. When OE is high, the outputs are in the high-impedance state. To ensure the high-impedance state during power up or power down, OE should be tied to VCC through a pullup resistor; the minimum value of the resistor is determined by the current-sinking capability of the driver. Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. DOC, EPIC, and Widebus are trademarks of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 SN74AVC16334 16-BIT UNIVERSAL BUS DRIVER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS SCES154G – DECEMBER 1998 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2000 description (continued) This device is fully specified for partial-power-down applications using Ioff. The Ioff circuitry disables the outputs, preventing damaging current backflow through the device when it is powered down. The SN74AVC16334 is characterized for operation from –40°C to 85°C. terminal assignments DGG OR DGV PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) OE Y1 Y2 GND Y3 Y4 VCC Y5 Y6 GND Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10 GND Y11 Y12 VCC Y13 Y14 GND Y15 Y16 NC 1 48 2 47 3 46 4 45 5 44 6 43 7 42 8 41 9 40 10 39 11 38 12 37 13 36 14 35 15 34 16 33 17 32 18 31 19 30 20 29 21 28 22 27 23 26 24 25 CLK A1 A2 GND A3 A4 VCC A5 A6 GND A7 A8 A9 A10 GND A11 A12 VCC A13 A14 GND A15 A16 LE NC – No internal connection FUNCTION TABLE (each universal bus driver) INPUTS OE LE CLK A OUTPUT Y H X X X Z L L X L L L L X H H L H ↑ L L L H ↑ H H Y0† † Output level before the indicated steady-state input conditions were established L 2 H L or H POST OFFICE BOX 655303 X • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 SN74AVC16334 16-BIT UNIVERSAL BUS DRIVER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS SCES154G – DECEMBER 1998 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2000 logic symbol† OE CLK LE 1 EN1 48 25 2C3 C3 G2 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10 Y11 Y12 Y13 Y14 Y15 Y16 2 1 1 3D 47 3 46 5 44 6 43 1 8 41 9 40 11 38 12 37 13 36 14 35 16 33 17 32 19 30 20 29 22 27 23 26 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 † This symbol is in accordance with ANSI/IEEE Std 91-1984 and IEC Publication 617-12. logic diagram (positive logic) 1 OE 48 CLK LE 25 47 A1 1D C1 2 Y1 CLK To 15 Other Channels POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 3 SN74AVC16334 16-BIT UNIVERSAL BUS DRIVER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS SCES154G – DECEMBER 1998 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2000 absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)† Supply voltage range, VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.5 V to 4.6 V Input voltage range, VI (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.5 V to 4.6 V Voltage range applied to any output in the high-impedance or power-off state, VO (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.5 V to 4.6 V Voltage range applied to any output in the high or low state, VO (see Notes 1 and 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.5 V to VCC + 0.5 V Input clamp current, IIK (VI < 0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –50 mA Output clamp current, IOK (VO < 0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –50 mA Continuous output current, IO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±50 mA Continuous current through each VCC or GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±100 mA Package thermal impedance, θJA (see Note 3): DGG package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70°C/W DGV package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58°C/W Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to 150°C † Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTES: 1. The input and output negative-voltage ratings may be exceeded if the input and output current ratings are observed. 2. The output positive-voltage rating may be exceeded up to 4.6 V maximum if the output current rating is observed. 3. The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51. 4 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 SN74AVC16334 16-BIT UNIVERSAL BUS DRIVER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS SCES154G – DECEMBER 1998 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2000 recommended operating conditions (see Note 4) VCC VIH Supply voltage High-level input voltage MIN MAX Operating 1.4 3.6 Data retention only 1.2 VCC = 1.2 V VCC = 1.4 V to 1.6 V VCC 0.65 × VCC VCC = 1.65 V to 1.95 V VCC = 2.3 V to 2.7 V VCC = 3 V to 3.6 V 0.65 × VCC VI VO IOHS IOLS Low-level input voltage Output voltage Static high-level high level output current† low level output current† Static low-level V 2 GND 0.35 × VCC 0.35 × VCC VCC = 1.65 V to 1.95 V VCC = 2.3 V to 2.7 V VCC = 3 V to 3.6 V Input voltage V 1.7 VCC = 1.2 V VCC = 1.4 V to 1.6 V VIL UNIT V 0.7 0.8 0 3.6 V Active state 0 3-state 0 VCC 3.6 V VCC = 1.4 V to 1.6 V VCC = 1.65 V to 1.95 V –2 VCC = 2.3 V to 2.7 V VCC = 3 V to 3.6 V –8 –4 mA –12 VCC = 1.4 V to 1.6 V VCC = 1.65 V to 1.95 V 2 VCC = 2.3 V to 2.7 V VCC = 3 V to 3.6 V 8 4 mA 12 ∆t/∆v Input transition rise or fall rate VCC = 1.4 V to 3.6 V 5 ns/V TA Operating free-air temperature –40 85 °C † Dynamic drive capability is equivalent to standard outputs with IOH and IOL of ±24 mA at 2.5-V VCC. See Figure 1 for VOL vs IOL and VOH vs IOH characteristics. Refer to the TI application reports, AVC Logic Family Technology and Applications, literature number SCEA006, and Dynamic Output Control (DOC) Circuitry Technology and Applications, literature number SCEA009. NOTE 4: All unused inputs of the device must be held at VCC or GND to ensure proper device operation. Refer to the TI application report, Implications of Slow or Floating CMOS Inputs, literature number SCBA004. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 5 SN74AVC16334 16-BIT UNIVERSAL BUS DRIVER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS SCES154G – DECEMBER 1998 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2000 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS IOHS = –100 µA IOHS = –2 mA, VOH VIH = 0.91 V VIH = 1.07 V IOHS = –4 mA, IOHS = –8 mA, II Ioff Control inputs IOZ ICC Ci Co MIN TYP† IOLS = 2 mA, IOLS = 4 mA, VIL = 0.49 V VIL = 0.57 V IOLS = 8 mA, IOLS = 12 mA, VIL = 0.7 V VIL = 0.8 V VI = VCC or GND VI or VO = 3.6 V IO = 0 VI = VCC or GND Control inputs VI = VCC or GND Data inputs VI = VCC or GND Outputs Out uts VO = VCC or GND MAX UNIT VCC–0.2 1.05 1.65 V 1.2 2.3 V 1.75 3V 2.3 V 1.4 V to 3.6 V VO = VCC or GND VI = VCC or GND, CLK input 1.4 V VIH = 1.7 V VIH = 2 V IOHS = –12 mA, IOLS = 100 µA VOL VCC 1.4 V to 3.6 V 0.2 1.4 V 0.4 1.65 V 0.45 2.3 V 0.55 V 3V 0.7 3.6 V ±2.5 µA 0 ±10 µA 3.6 V ±10 µA 3.6 V 40 µA 2.5 V 4 3.3 V 4 2.5 V 4 3.3 V 4 2.5 V 2.5 3.3 V 2.5 2.5 V 6.5 3.3 V 6.5 pF pF F † Typical values are measured at TA = 25°C. timing requirements over recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (see Figures 2 through 5) VCC = 1.2 V MIN fclock MIN MAX VCC = 1.8 V ± 0.15 V MIN Clock frequency MAX VCC = 2.5 V ± 0.2 V MIN 150 MAX VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V MIN 150 3.3 3.3 3.3 CLK high or low 3.3 3.3 3.3 tw Pulse duration tsu Setup S t time th Hold time Data after CLK↑ th Hold time Data ↑ after LE↑ Data before LE↑ UNIT MAX 150 LE low Data before CLK↑ 6 MAX VCC = 1.5 V ± 0.1 V MHz ns 1 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 CLK high 1.5 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.9 CLK low 2.7 1.6 1.2 1 1 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 ns CLK high 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 ns CLK low 2.4 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 ns POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 ns SN74AVC16334 16-BIT UNIVERSAL BUS DRIVER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS SCES154G – DECEMBER 1998 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2000 switching characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (see Figures 2 through 5) FROM (INPUT) PARAMETER TO (OUTPUT) VCC = 1.2 V TYP VCC = 1.5 V ± 0.1 V MIN VCC = 1.8 V ± 0.15 V MAX fmax MIN VCC = 2.5 V ± 0.2 V MAX 150 A tpd LE MAX 150 MIN UNIT MAX 150 MHz 5.3 1.2 6.2 1.5 4.9 1 3.2 0.9 7 2.2 9.7 1.8 7.5 1.5 4.9 0.8 4 6 1.9 7.8 1.6 6 1.1 3.7 1 3.1 Y CLK ten tdis MIN VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V 2.5 ns OE Y 7.9 2.4 10.2 1.6 8.8 1.5 6.7 1 6.2 ns OE Y 7.7 2.1 10.3 1.5 8.4 1.2 5.3 1 5.3 ns switching characteristics, TA = 0°C to 85°C, CL = 0 pF† FROM (INPUT) PARAMETER A tpd VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.15 V TO (OUTPUT) Y CLK MIN MAX 0.6 1.3 0.7 1.5 UNIT ns † Texas Instruments SPICE simulation data operating characteristics, TA = 25°C PARAMETER Cpd d Power dissipation capacitance TEST CONDITIONS Outputs enabled Outputs disabled CL = 0 0, POST OFFICE BOX 655303 VCC = 1.8 V TYP f = 10 MHz • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 VCC = 2.5 V TYP VCC = 3.3 V TYP 45 48 52 23 25 28 UNIT pF 7 SN74AVC16334 16-BIT UNIVERSAL BUS DRIVER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS SCES154G – DECEMBER 1998 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2000 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION VCC = 1.2 V AND 1.5 V ± 0.1 V 2 × VCC S1 2 kΩ From Output Under Test Open GND CL = 15 pF (see Note A) 2 kΩ TEST S1 tpd tPLZ/tPZL tPHZ/tPZH Open 2 × VCC GND LOAD CIRCUIT tw VCC Timing Input VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 0V VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS SETUP AND HOLD TIMES VCC/2 VCC/2 0V tPLH Output Control (low-level enabling) tPLZ VCC VCC/2 tPZH VOH VCC/2 VOL VCC/2 0V Output Waveform 1 S1 at 2 × VCC (see Note B) tPHL VCC/2 VCC VCC/2 tPZL VCC Input VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS PULSE DURATION th VCC Data Input VCC/2 0V 0V tsu Output VCC VCC/2 Input Output Waveform 2 S1 at GND (see Note B) VOL + 0.1 V VOL tPHZ VCC/2 VOH VOH – 0.1 V 0V VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS ENABLE AND DISABLE TIMES VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS PROPAGATION DELAY TIMES NOTES: A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance. B. Waveform 1 is for an output with internal conditions such that the output is low except when disabled by the output control. Waveform 2 is for an output with internal conditions such that the output is high except when disabled by the output control. C. All input pulses are supplied by generators having the following characteristics: PRR ≤ 10 MHz, ZO = 50 Ω, tr ≤ 2 ns, tf ≤ 2 ns. D. The outputs are measured one at a time with one transition per measurement. E. tPLZ and tPHZ are the same as tdis. F. tPZL and tPZH are the same as ten. G. tPLH and tPHL are the same as tpd. Figure 2. Load Circuit and Voltage Waveforms 8 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 SN74AVC16334 16-BIT UNIVERSAL BUS DRIVER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS SCES154G – DECEMBER 1998 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2000 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION VCC = 1.8 V ± 0.15 V From Output Under Test 2 × VCC S1 1 kΩ Open GND CL = 30 pF (see Note A) 1 kΩ TEST S1 tpd tPLZ/tPZL tPHZ/tPZH Open 2 × VCC GND LOAD CIRCUIT tw VCC Timing Input VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 0V VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS SETUP AND HOLD TIMES VCC/2 Output Control (low-level enabling) VCC VCC/2 VCC/2 0V tPLH Output Waveform 1 S1 at 2 × VCC (see Note B) VOH VCC/2 tPLZ VCC VCC/2 tPZH tPHL VCC/2 VOL VCC/2 0V tPZL VCC Input VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS PULSE DURATION th VCC Data Input VCC/2 0V 0V tsu Output VCC VCC/2 Input Output Waveform 2 S1 at GND (see Note B) VOL + 0.15 V VOL tPHZ VCC/2 VOH VOH – 0.15 V 0V VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS ENABLE AND DISABLE TIMES VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS PROPAGATION DELAY TIMES NOTES: A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance. B. Waveform 1 is for an output with internal conditions such that the output is low except when disabled by the output control. Waveform 2 is for an output with internal conditions such that the output is high except when disabled by the output control. C. All input pulses are supplied by generators having the following characteristics: PRR ≤ 10 MHz, ZO = 50 Ω, tr ≤ 2 ns, tf ≤ 2 ns. D. The outputs are measured one at a time with one transition per measurement. E. tPLZ and tPHZ are the same as tdis. F. tPZL and tPZH are the same as ten. G. tPLH and tPHL are the same as tpd. Figure 3. Load Circuit and Voltage Waveforms POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 9 SN74AVC16334 16-BIT UNIVERSAL BUS DRIVER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS SCES154G – DECEMBER 1998 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2000 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION VCC = 2.5 V ± 0.2 V S1 500 Ω From Output Under Test 2 × VCC Open GND CL = 30 pF (see Note A) 500 Ω TEST S1 tpd tPLZ/tPZL tPHZ/tPZH Open 2 × VCC GND LOAD CIRCUIT tw VCC Timing Input VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 0V VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS SETUP AND HOLD TIMES VCC/2 VCC/2 0V tPLH Output Control (low-level enabling) tPLZ VCC VCC/2 tPZH VOH VCC/2 VOL VCC/2 0V Output Waveform 1 S1 at 2 × VCC (see Note B) tPHL VCC/2 VCC VCC/2 tPZL VCC Input VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS PULSE DURATION th VCC Data Input VCC/2 0V 0V tsu Output VCC VCC/2 Input Output Waveform 2 S1 at GND (see Note B) VOL + 0.15 V VOL tPHZ VCC/2 VOH VOH – 0.15 V 0V VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS ENABLE AND DISABLE TIMES VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS PROPAGATION DELAY TIMES NOTES: A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance. B. Waveform 1 is for an output with internal conditions such that the output is low except when disabled by the output control. Waveform 2 is for an output with internal conditions such that the output is high except when disabled by the output control. C. All input pulses are supplied by generators having the following characteristics: PRR ≤ 10 MHz, ZO = 50 Ω, tr ≤ 2 ns, tf ≤ 2 ns. D. The outputs are measured one at a time with one transition per measurement. E. tPLZ and tPHZ are the same as tdis. F. tPZL and tPZH are the same as ten. G. tPLH and tPHL are the same as tpd. Figure 4. Load Circuit and Voltage Waveforms 10 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 SN74AVC16334 16-BIT UNIVERSAL BUS DRIVER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS SCES154G – DECEMBER 1998 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2000 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V 2 × VCC S1 500 Ω From Output Under Test Open GND CL = 30 pF (see Note A) 500 Ω TEST S1 tpd tPLZ/tPZL tPHZ/tPZH Open 2 × VCC GND tw LOAD CIRCUIT VCC VCC Timing Input VCC/2 Input VCC/2 0V VCC/2 0V tsu VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS PULSE DURATION th VCC Data Input VCC/2 VCC/2 0V VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS SETUP AND HOLD TIMES Output Control (low-level enabling) VCC VCC/2 VCC/2 0V tPLZ tPZL VCC Input VCC/2 VCC/2 0V tPLH VCC/2 VCC VCC/2 VCC/2 VOL Output Waveform 2 S1 at GND (see Note B) VOL + 0.3 V VOL tPHZ tPZH tPHL VOH Output Output Waveform 1 S1 at 2 × VCC (see Note B) VCC/2 VOH VOH – 0.3 V 0V VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS ENABLE AND DISABLE TIMES VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS PROPAGATION DELAY TIMES NOTES: A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance. B. Waveform 1 is for an output with internal conditions such that the output is low except when disabled by the output control. Waveform 2 is for an output with internal conditions such that the output is high except when disabled by the output control. C. All input pulses are supplied by generators having the following characteristics: PRR ≤ 10 MHz, ZO = 50 Ω, tr ≤ 2 ns, tf ≤ 2 ns. D. The outputs are measured one at a time with one transition per measurement. E. tPLZ and tPHZ are the same as tdis. F. tPZL and tPZH are the same as ten. G. tPLH and tPHL are the same as tpd. Figure 5. Load Circuit and Voltage Waveforms POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 11 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgement, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed, except those mandated by government requirements. CERTAIN APPLICATIONS USING SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS MAY INVOLVE POTENTIAL RISKS OF DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY, OR SEVERE PROPERTY OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE (“CRITICAL APPLICATIONS”). TI SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED, AUTHORIZED, OR WARRANTED TO BE SUITABLE FOR USE IN LIFE-SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS OR OTHER CRITICAL APPLICATIONS. INCLUSION OF TI PRODUCTS IN SUCH APPLICATIONS IS UNDERSTOOD TO BE FULLY AT THE CUSTOMER’S RISK. In order to minimize risks associated with the customer’s applications, adequate design and operating safeguards must be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which such semiconductor products or services might be or are used. TI’s publication of information regarding any third party’s products or services does not constitute TI’s approval, warranty or endorsement thereof. Copyright 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated