iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 1/30 FEATURES APPLICATIONS ♦ Programmable angle resolution from 1 to 256 steps per period ♦ Interpolation factors from x0.25 to x64 ♦ Input frequency to 115 kHz with x64, to 230 kHz with x32, to 460 kHz with x16 ♦ Latency of less than 1 µs ♦ Selectable gain permits single-ended and differential input signals from 10 mV to 1.5 V peak-peak ♦ Index gating input with fine adjustable offset ♦ Programmable index pulse output position and width ♦ Four incremental output modes: quadrature encoder with index, up/down clock, increment/direction, 3 phase commutation ♦ Programmable filter and hysteresis ♦ Direct sensor connection, minimized count of external components ♦ Non-volatile setup due to internal EEPROM ♦ Fully re-programmable via serial 1- and 2-wire interfaces ♦ Power-on reset circuit and on-chip oscillator ♦ ESD protection and TTL-/CMOS-compatible outputs ♦ Interpolation IC for position data acquisition from analog sine/cosine sensors ♦ Optical linear and rotary encoders ♦ Magneto resistive sensors and encoders PACKAGES QFN24 BLOCK DIAGRAM VDDA PINA NRST VDD + CLKSEL - POWERON RESET CLKEXT SYSTEM CLOCK - NINA PINB B_V iC-TW2 + NB_NV A_U + NA_NU - Z_W - NINB NZ_NW SIN/D CONVERSION + SDAT FILTER PINZ + HYSTERESIS - ABZ- / UVWGENERATOR SIGNAL PROCESSING SCLK 1W-/2WINTERFACE 1W - NINZ Zin + INDEX ENABLE GNDA Copyright © 2010 iC-Haus REGISTERS INTERNAL EEPROM VC BANDGAP GND http://www.ichaus.com iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 2/30 DESCRIPTION iC-TW2’s interpolation engine accepts two fully differential sensor bridges delivering sinusoidal input signals (SIN/COS) to produce a highly interpolated output signal. No further external components are required. Single ended sensor signals are supported by tying the negative input terminal to a signal reference, usually VDD/2. iC-TW2 generates one index pulse for every input period. The position in respect to the start of the period as well as the width of the pulse is fully programmable. Index pulse position can be used in conjunction with the startup mode to guarantee a desired phase relationship between A, B and index output pulse. There are four different output modes provided, including 3-phase commutation output for brushless DC motors. It is highly programmable to meet requirements for a wide range of applications. Two serial interfaces have been included to permit configuration of the device, also accessing an internal EEPROM. Both interfaces allow complete configuration of the device including transfer of setup and system data to register and EEPROM for non-volatile configuration. For an illustration of the interpolation function of the iC-TW2 see Figure 2 on page 10. CONTENTS PACKAGES 3 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 4 THERMAL DATA 4 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 5 REGISTER MAP 8 PROGRAMMING 9 DESCRIPTION OF INTERPOLATION Interpolation vs. Resolution . . . . . . . . . . 10 10 INPUT STAGE 11 OUTPUT MODES AB Quadrature And Up/Down and Incr/Dir Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Phase Commutation Mode . . . . . . . . . 12 13 14 INDEX GATING 15 CALIBRATION A/B gain and offset calibration . . . . . . . . . Oscillator and index window calibration . . . 17 17 17 CONFIGURATION DEPENDENCIES 19 Selecting configuration parameters . . . . . . 19 Clock tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 DEVICE IDENTIFICATION 20 START UP 21 Power-On-Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1W- / 2W-INTERFACE AND EEPROM ACCESS 22 Memory map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2W-Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2W-Interface timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1W-Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1W-Interface write sequence . . . . . . . . . 26 Writing the register bank to the EEPROM . . 26 TEST MODES Production test control bits . . . . . . . . . . 27 27 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 28 PCB LAYOUT GUIDELINES 29 iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 3/30 PACKAGES PIN CONFIGURATION QFN24 4 mm x 4 mm PIN FUNCTIONS No. Name Function 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TP VDD B_V NB_NV A_U NA_NU GND NZ_NW Z_W 1W VDDA GNDA n.c. PINB NINB CLKSEL NRST NINA PINA VC NINZ PINZ SCLK CLKEXT SDAT +3 V to +5.5 V Digital Supply Voltage B Signal / V Signal Output Inverted B / Inverted V Signal Output A Signal / U Signal Output Inverted A / Inverted U Signal Output Digital Ground Inverted Z / Inverted W Signal Output Z Signal / W Signal Output 1W-Interface, signal input +3 V to +5.5 V Analog Supply Voltage Analog Ground Pin not connected Signal Input B+ Signal Input BSystem Clock Selection Input External Reset Input (active low) Signal Input ASignal Input A+ 1.2 V Reference Voltage Output Signal Input Z- (Index) Signal Input Z+ (Index) 2-Wire Interface, clock input External Clock Input 2-Wire Interface, serial data in/out Thermal Pad (bottom side) The Thermal Pad of the QFN package (bottom side) is to be connected to a ground plane on the PCB which must have GND potential. GNDA must be wired to GND. Only pin 1 marking on top or bottom defines the package orientation (iC-TW2 label and coding is subject to change). iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 4/30 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS These ratings do not imply operating conditions; functional operation is not guaranteed. Beyond these ratings device damage may occur. Item No. Symbol Parameter Conditions Unit Min. Max. -0.3 6.0 V 0 0.5 V G001 VDD, VDDA Supply Voltage VDD, VDDA referenced to GND G002 ∆VDDA Supply Voltage Difference VDD vs. VDDA ∆VDDA = VDD - VDDA G003 V() Voltage at referenced to GND PINA, NINA, PINB, NINB, PINZ, NINZ, B_V, NB_V, A_U, NA_U, Z_W, NZ_W, 1W, SDAT, SCLK, CLKSEL, CLKEXT -0.3 VDD + 0.5 V V G004 I() Current in PINA, NINA, PINB, NINB, PINZ, NINZ, B_V, NB_V, A_U, NA_U, Z_W, NZ_W, 1W, SDAT, SCLK, CLKSEL, CLKEXT, VC -20 20 mA G005 Vd ESD Susceptibility Of Signal Outputs HBM, 100 pF discharged through 1.5 kΩ; pins A_U, NA_U, B_V, NB_V, Z_W, NZ_W 1.5 kV G006 Vd ESD Susceptibility (remaining pins) HBM, 100 pF discharged through 1.5 kΩ 1 kV G007 Tj Junction Temperature -40 125 °C G008 Ts Storage Temperature -40 125 °C THERMAL DATA Item No. Symbol Parameter Conditions Unit Min. T01 Ta Operating Ambient Temperature T02 Rthja Thermal Resistance Chip To Ambient Typ. -40 QFN24 surface mounted to PCB, following JEDEC 51 All voltages are referenced to ground unless otherwise stated. All currents flowing into the device pins are positive; all currents flowing out of the device pins are negative. Max. 125 32 °C K/W iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 5/30 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Operating conditions: VDD = VDDA = 3.0...5.5 V, Tj = -40...125 °C, unless otherwise stated Item No. Symbol Parameter Conditions Unit Min. Typ. Max. Total Device 001 VDD, VDDA Permissible Supply Voltage VDD, VDDA 3.0 5.5 V 002 I(VDD, VDDA) Total Supply Current VDD = 3.3 V at 0 Hz VDD = 3.3 V at 100 kHz VDD = 5.5 V at 0 Hz VDD = 5.5 V at 100 kHz 5 20 8 40 mA mA mA mA 003 Vc()hi Clamp-Voltage hi at all pins Vc()hi = V() - VDD; I() = 10 mA 004 Vc()lo Clamp-Voltage lo at all pins I() = -10 mA 0.5 1.2 V -1.1 -0.3 V 1.4 VDD 1.2 V Input Amplifier PINA, NINA, PINB, NINB 101 Vin()sig Permissible Input Voltage Range 102 Step(GC) Nominal Coarse Gain Step Size 103 AGabs(GC) Coarse Gain Absolute Accuracy 104 Step(GF) 105 AGabs(GF) Fine Gain Absolute Accuracy -0.3 0.3 106 CGM Gain Matching G(CHA)/G(CHB) 0.85 1.15 107 Vin()os Input Referred Offset Voltage -15 15 mV 108 Vout()ossc Output Referred Offset Correction Step Accuracy -10 10 mV 109 Step(OFSx) Nominal Offset Correction Step Size 110 111 Vout()os Output Referred Offset Voltage FR Permissible Input Frequency; Frequency Ratio FR = fcal / fin INTER = 1 . . . 64, FREQ = 0 INTER = 1 . . . 64, FREQ = 1 INTER = 1 . . . 64, FREQ = 2 . . . 127 INTER = 17 . . . 128, FREQ = 0 INTER = 17 . . . 128, FREQ = 1 . . . 127 INTER = 129 . . . 255 INTER = 0 Frequency Tuning Range VDD = 3.0 V, Tj = 25 °C, CLOCK = 0 VDD = 3.0 V, Tj = 25 °C, CLOCK = 31 VDD = 5.5 V, Tj = 25 °C, CLOCK = 0 VDD = 5.5 V, Tj = 25 °C, CLOCK = 31 Oscillator 201 fosc 6.0 -1.0 Nominal Fine Gain Step Size -40 dfosc (T) Frequency Variation over temperature range -40 °C to 125 °C dfosc (V) Frequency Variation over supply voltage range 3.0 V to 5.5 V Data Retention Time Tj = 125 °C Tj = 85 °C 10 100 Tj = 25 °C 1000 Number of Read Cycles mV 25 MHz MHz MHz MHz 28 204 Number of Erase/Write Cycles 40 40 203 Nread mV 35 VDD = 3.6 V, Tj = 25 °C VDD = 5.5 V, Tj = 25 °C Ncycles dB 64 128 256 128 256 256 256 User Calibrated Frequency fosc 303 dB dB 13 fcal 302 3.5 0.7 202 EEPROM 301 Tret dB 25 30 MHz MHz -20 0 % 0 25 % years years 106 Reference Voltage Output VC 401 Vref(VC) Reference Voltage Digital Inputs NRST 501 Vt()hi Input Threshold Voltage hi CL = 100 nF, I(VC) = 0 mA 1.15 VDD = 3.3 V +/- 10 % VDD = 5.0 V +/- 10 % 1.5 3.3 502 Vt()lo Input Threshold Voltage lo VDD = 3.3 V +/- 10 % VDD = 5.0 V +/- 10 % 503 Ipu() Input Pull-up Current V() = 0...VDD - 1 V 504 Vpu() Input Pull-up Voltage Vpu() = VDD - V(), I() = -3 µA 1.21 1.27 V V V 0.8 1.0 V V -3 µA 500 mV iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 6/30 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Operating conditions: VDD = VDDA = 3.0...5.5 V, Tj = -40...125 °C, unless otherwise stated Item No. Symbol Parameter Conditions Unit Min. Digital Inputs CLKSEL, CLKEXT 601 Vt()hi Input Threshold Voltage hi VDD = 3.3 V +/- 10 % VDD = 5.0 V +/- 10 % 602 Vt()lo Input Threshold Voltage lo VDD = 3.3 V +/- 10 % VDD = 5.0 V +/- 10 % 603 Ipd() Input Pull-down Current V() = 1 V...VDD 604 Vpd() Input Pull-down Voltage I() = 3 µA Typ. 1.5 3.3 V V Isc()hi Short-circuit Current hi V() = GND Vs()lo Output Saturation Voltage lo I() = 6 mA; VDD = 3.3 V +/- 10 % VDD = 5.0 V +/- 10 % 0.8 1.0 V V 500 mV 0.5 0.4 V V -15 mA 0.3 0.25 V V 4 µA Digital Outputs A_U, NA_NU, B_V, NB_NV, Z_W, NZ_NW 701 Vs()hi Output Saturation Voltage hi Vs()hi = V(VDD) - V(), I() = -6 mA; VDD = 3.3 V +/- 10 % VDD = 5.0 V +/- 10 % 702 703 Max. -100 704 Isc()lo Short-circuit Current lo V() = VDD 140 mA 705 tr() Output Rise time VDD = 3.0 V, CL() = 10 pF 4 ns 706 tf() Output Fall Time VDD = 3.0 V, CL() = 10 pF 4 ns 707 I()max Permissible Load Current source and sink 10 mA 708 twhi Duty Cycle at Output A, B referred to period T, see Fig. 1 50 % 709 tAB Output Phase A vs. B referred to period T, see Fig. 1 25 % 710 tMTD Minimum Transition Distance see Fig. 1 Signal Processing 801 AAabs Absolute Angular Accuracy 802 AArel Relative Angular Accuracy 803 ABrel Relative Angular Accuracy A vs. B 20 -10 1/ fcore referred to 360° input signal GC(2:0) = 1 INTER(7:0) = 0 FREQ(6:0) = 127 f() < 50 Hz -6 6 DEG referred to period of A, B GC(2:0) = 1 INTER(7:0) = 0 FREQ(6:0) = 127 f() < 50 Hz -20 20 % 1/2 AArel % Index Comparator PINZ, NINZ 901 Vin()sig Permissible Input Voltage Range 0.0 VDD V 902 903 Vin()os Input Referred Offset Voltage -15 +15 mV Vin()step Comparator Offset Step Size OFSZ = 0..7 OFSZ = 8..15 1.5 -1.5 mV mV Power-Down-Reset A01 VDDon Turn-on Threshold VDD (power on release) 1.8 V A02 tbusy()cfg Duration of Startup Configuration 20 ms iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 7/30 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Operating conditions: VDD = VDDA = 3.0...5.5 V, Tj = -40...125 °C, unless otherwise stated Item No. Symbol Parameter Conditions Unit Min. 2-Wire Interface SDAT, SCLK B01 Vt()hi Input Threshold Voltage hi VDD = 3.3 V +/- 10 % VDD = 5.0 V +/- 10 % Typ. Max. 1.5 3.3 V V B02 Vt()lo Input Threshold Voltage lo VDD = 3.3 V +/- 10 % VDD = 5.0 V +/- 10 % B03 Ipd() Input Pull-down Current V() = 1 V...VDD B04 Vpd() Input Pull-down Voltage B05 Vs()lo B06 Vs()hi B07 Isc()lo Short-circuit Current lo at SDAT B08 Isc()hi Short-circuit Current hi at SDAT -2.5 mA B09 fclk(SCLK) Permissible Clock Frequency SCLK scales with oscillator frequency timing, see Table 32 1.25 MHz B10 tbusy()e2p Max. Duration of EEPROM access scales with oscillator frequency timing, see Table 32 20 ms 0.8 1.0 V V I() = 3 µA 500 mV Saturation Voltage lo at SDAT I() = 2 mA 450 mV Saturation Voltage hi at SDAT Vs()hi = VDD - V(); I() = -2 mA 700 mV 1-Wire Interface 1W C01 Vt()hi Input Threshold Voltage hi 4 µA 3 VDD = 3.3 V +/- 10 % VDD = 5.0 V +/- 10 % 1.5 3.3 C02 Vt()lo Input Threshold Voltage lo VDD = 3.3 V +/- 10 % VDD = 5.0 V +/- 10 % C03 Ipu() Input Pull-up Current V() = 0...VDD - 1 V C04 Vpu() Input Pull-up Voltage Vpu() = VDD - V(), I() = -3 µA tAB mA V V 0.8 1.0 tMTD B twhi A twhi AArel T Figure 1: Relative phase distance AArel V V -3 µA 500 mV iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 8/30 REGISTER MAP Register Map Adr Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Device Indentification IDA(3:0) 0x00 IDB(3:0) Operating Modes 0x01 RESET (P. 21) CALIB1 (P. 17) STARTUP(1:0)(P. 21) MODE(1:0)(P. 12) DIR (P. 12) Interpolation Rate INTER(7:0)(P. 12) 0x02 Index Position IPOS(7:0)(P. 13) 0x03 Index Width IWIDTH(7:0)(P. 13) 0x04 Conversion Settings 0x05 FREQ(6:0)(P. 20) GRANULAR(P. 27) FILTER(1:0)(P. 20) 0x06 HYST(1:0)(P. 20) Gain and Offset GFB(1:0) (P. 11) 0x07 0x08 0x09 GFA(1:0) (P. 11) OFSA(5:0)(P. 11) OFSB(5:0)(P. 11) GC(2:0) (P. 11) Bias and Oscillator Trimming VC(1:0)(P. 27) 0x0A CLOCK(4:0)(P. 17) Index Computation and Miscellaneous OFSZ(3:0)(P. 17) 0x0B EN_MON (P. 27) CLKDLY (P. 27) CLKDIV (P. 20) CLKMODE (P. 27) Reserved and Calibration Reserved(P. 27) Reserved(P. 27) 0x0C 0x0D EEPROM Control 0x0E EE_READ EE_WRITE (P. 27) (P. 26) Reserved(P. 27) Test Register 0x0F MONITOR(7:0)(P. 27) Table 4: Register Map CALIB2 iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 9/30 PROGRAMMING Input Stage GC: GFA/B: OFSA/B: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 11 Coarse gain control (P. 11) Fine gain control on channel A/B (P. 11) Offset control on channel A/B (P. 11) Output Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 12 MODE: Output mode selection (P. 12) DIR: Count direction (P. 12) INTER: Interpolation rate selection (P. 12) IPOS: Index pulse position (P. 13) IWIDTH: Index pulse width selection (P. 13) Index Gating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 15 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 17 CALIB1: Calibration mode 1 select (P. 17) CALIB2: Calibration mode 2 select (P. 17) OFSZ: Index comparator offset control (P. 17) CLOCK: Oscillator tune (P. 17) Configuration Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 19 FREQ: Maximum input frequency (P. 20) CLKDIV: Master clock divider (P. 20) HYST: Hysteresis control (P. 20) FILTER: Datapath filter control (P. 20) Device Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 20 IDA: Major Device Revision (P. 20) IDB: Minor Device Revision (P. 20) Start Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 21 STARTUP: Startup sequence selection (P. 21) RESET: Restart interpolation engine (P. 21) 1W- / 2-W-Interface And EEPROM Access . Page 22 EE_WRITE: EEPROM store command (P. 26) Test Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 27 GRANULAR: A/B output edge granularity control (P. 27) VC: Reference voltage fine tuning (P. 27) CLKMODE: Clock source selection (P. 27) CLKDLY: Clock distribution delay line selection (P. 27) EN_MON: Position data monitor control (P. 27) MONITOR: Monitor register (P. 27) EE_READ: EEPROM read command (P. 27) iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 10/30 DESCRIPTION OF INTERPOLATION iC-TW2 is a monolithic A/D converter which converts sine/cosine sensor signals with a selectable resolution Gain channel B GC(2:0) and GFB(1:0) and hysteresis into angle position data. The interpolation function is shown in Figure 2. Gain channel A GC(2:0) and GFA(1:0) Offset channel A OFSA(5:0) PINB Offset channel B OFSB(5:0) PINA A_U B_V Index pulse position IPOS(7:0) PINZ Interpolation INTER(7:0) (Interpolation of x5 shown) Index pulse width IWIDTH(7:0) Z_W Index pulse is disabled through pin PINZ low Figure 2: Interpolating function Interpolation vs. Resolution There is a difference between interpolation factor and resolution. Resolution (interpolation rate) is determined by the sum of edges at the incremental outputs (AB quadrature output) within one input signal period . Dividing the resolution by the existing edges of the SINE and COSINE signals ( = 4 ) equals to the inter- polation factor. The interpolation factor equals to the the resolution divided by 4. Example: An interpolation factor of x8 brings a resolution of 32 (edges). To operate with a interpolation factor of 8 configure INTER(7:0) to 32. iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 11/30 INPUT STAGE A programmable gain amplifier (PGA) with output referred offset adjustment is used as input stage, shown in Figure 3. The coarse gain is common for both channel A and B and is programmed through register GC(2:0). Table 5 shows the required gain setting for a given input signal amplitude (peak to peak, differential). Fine tuning gain is applied individually to channel A and B by programming registers GFA(1:0) and GFB(1:0) respectively. GC(2:0) Code Addr. 0x07; bit 2:0 Function, defaults to eeprom setting 000 001 010 011 1.5 V - 800 mV 800 mV - 400 mV 400 mV - 200 mV 200 mV - 100 mV 100 101 110 111 100 mV - 50 mV 50 mV - 25 mV 25 mV - 10 mV not defined OFSA(5:0) OFSB(5:0) Addr. 0x08; bit 5:0 Addr. 0x09; bit 5:0 R/W R/W Code Function, defaults to eeprom setting 111111 111110 maximum negative adjust: -403 mV -390 mV 100001 100000 000000 000001 011110 011111 -13 mV no correction no correction 13 mV 390 mV maximum positive adjust: 403 mV R/W Table 7: Offset control of channel A/B Consider Table 8 regarding the relationship between input signal peak-peak differential amplitude, amplifier gain setting and resulting offset correction range. Table 5: Coarse gain control of channel A/B GFA(1:0) GFB(1:0) Code Addr. 0x07; bit 4:3 Addr. 0x07; bit 6:5 Function, defaults to eeprom setting 00 01 10 0 dB 0.7 dB 1.4 dB 11 2.1 dB R/W R/W Input amplifier gain and offset Input signal range Register Input GC(2:0) referred offset step size Input referred offset range 800 mV - 1.5 V 400 mV - 800 mV 0 1 26 mV 13 mV ±806 mV ±403 mV 200 mV - 400 mV 100 mV - 200 mV 50 mV - 100 mV 25 mV - 50 mV 10 mV - 25 mV 2 3 4 5 6 6.5 mV 3.25 mV 1.63 mV 0.81 mV 0.41 mV ±202 mV ±101 mV ±50 mV ±25 mV ±12.6 mV Table 8: Input amplifier gain and offset Input amplifier Table 6: Fine gain control of channel A/B OFSB(5:0) Offset adjustment is provided at the output of the input amplifier. It is individually programmed through register OFSA(5:0) and OFSB(5:0). Adjustment is made in steps of 13 mV and the corresponding register values are sign magnitude encoded. Input referred offset becomes gain dependent and is defined as follows: PINB + NINB - GFB(1:0) + GC(2:0) PINA + NINA - to interpolation engine + GFA(1:0) OFSA(5:0) OFSAinput_referred = 13 mV ∗ OFSA(5 : 0) GC(2 : 0) Xb Figure 3: Input stage Xa iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 12/30 OUTPUT MODES The iC-TW2 provides four different output modes, which are configured by programming bits MODE(1:0) of register 0x01. Modes 0, 1 and 2 are incremental modes whereas mode 3 is a 3-phase commutation output for brushless DC motors. Consider Figure 4 for a comparison of the 3 incremental output modes. MODE(1:0) Addr. 0x01; bit 1:0 Code Function, defaults to eeprom setting 00 01 10 AB quadrature mode 0 up / dn mode 1 inc / dir mode 2 11 3 phase commutation mode 3 INTER (7:0) Code R/W Table 9: Output mode selection In increment / direction mode the count direction can be inverted via control bit DIR of register 0x01. DIR Code Addr. 0x01; bit 2 Function, defaults to eeprom setting 0 1 Normal count direction Inverted count direction R/W Table 10: Count direction selection Adr 0x02, Bit 7:0 R/W STEP Angle Steps Per Period IPF Interpolation Factor fin()max Maximum Permissible Input Frequency * 0x00 256 64 115 kHz ** 0x01 0x02 1 2 0.25 0.5 460 kHz 460 kHz 0x03 0x04 0x05 ... 0x3C 0x3D 3 4 5 ... 60 61 0.75 1 1.25 ... 15 15.25 460 kHz 460 kHz 460 kHz 460 kHz 460 kHz 460 kHz 0x3E 0x3F 0x40 62 63 64 15.5 15.75 16 460 kHz 460 kHz 460 kHz 0x41 0x42 0x43 0x44 0x45 ... 65 66 67 68 69 ... 16.25 16.5 16.75 17 17.25 ... 230 kHz 230 kHz 230 kHz 230 kHz 230 kHz 230 kHz 0x7C 0x7D 0x7E 0x7F 0x80 124 125 126 127 128 31 31.25 31.5 31.75 32 230 kHz 230 kHz 230 kHz 230 kHz 230 kHz 0x81 0x82 0x83 0x84 129 130 131 132 32.25 32.5 32.75 33 115 kHz 115 kHz 115 kHz 115 kHz 0x85 ... 0xFA 0xFB 0xFC 0xFD 133 ... 250 251 252 253 33.25 ... 62.5 62.75 63 63.25 115 kHz 115 kHz 115 kHz 115 kHz 115 kHz 115 kHz 0xFE 0xFF 254 255 63.5 63.75 115 kHz 115 kHz Table 11: Converter resolution * Depending on configuration FREQ = 0, CLKDIV = 0 and fcal = 920 kHz. ** Maximum permissible input frequency for commutation operation (mode = 3) . iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 13/30 AB Quadrature And Up/Down and Incr/Dir Modes Sensor position 0 1 2 3 4 6 5 5 4 3 2 A_U A/B mode 0 B_V up / dn A_U mode 1 B_V inc / dir A_U mode 2 B_V Figure 4: Incremental output modes (mode 0, 1, 2) IPOS(7:0) Addr. 0x03; bit 7:0 R/W IWIDTH(7:0) Addr. 0x04; bit 7:0 Code Function, defaults to eeprom setting Code Function, defaults to eeprom setting 0 1 No offset 1 increment offset 0 1 disable pulse generation 1 increment width 2 ... 2 increments offset ... Index pulse will shifted by IWIDTH(7:0) increments. Programmed value is within the range of 0 to INTER(7:0) - 1. ... 255 increments offset 2 ... Any other value n 2 increments width ... Index pulse will extend over IWIDTH(7:0) increments. Programmed value is within the range of 0 to INTER(7:0) - 1. ... 255 ... 255 increments width ... 255 Note: A fixed phase relation to A/B is guaranteed only with STARTUP(1:0) = 0b10 (’ABSOLUTE”) or STARTUP(1:0) = 0b11 (’BURST”). Table 12: Index pulse position Table 13: Index pulse width selection R/W iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 14/30 3 Phase Commutation Mode The 3 phase commutation output (mode 3) is shown in Figure 5. It is important that register INTER(7:0) is programmed with the value 0x00 in order for the commutation mode to work. The mode = 3 requires an internal interpolation INTER(7:0) of 256. Register IPOS(7:0) is used to accurately position the commutation. IWIDTH(7:4) and IWIDTH(3:0) is subsequently used to fine tune V and W in respect to U. All used offsets within the commutation mode (mode 3) as are IPOS(7:0), IWIDTH(3:0) and IWIDTH(7:4) operate in this step width of 1.4° . There is no other pole count commutation possible to configure as the described 3 phase commutation. 0° 120° 240° 0111 9.84° ... 0010 0001 0000 1111 1110 ... 2.81° 1.40° 0° -1.40° -2.81° ... 1111 ... 11.25° IWIDTH (3:0) IWIDTH (7:4) Figure 5: 3-Phase commutation output (mode 3) R/W Table 15: V commutation signal position offset IWIDTH(7:4) Addr. 0x04; bit 7:4 Code W output offset, defaults to eeprom setting 0° IPOS (7:0) A_U B_V Z_W IWIDTH(3:0) Addr. 0x04; bit 3:0 Code V output offset, defaults to eeprom setting 0111 ... 0010 9.84° ... 2.81° 0001 0000 1111 1110 ... 1111 1.40° 0° -1.40° -2.81° ... 11.25° R/W Table 16: W commutation signal position offset IPOS(7:0) Code Addr. 0x03; bit 7:0 Function, defaults to eeprom setting 0 1 2 0° 1.40° 2.81° ... ... ... Programmed value is within the range of 0 to INTER(7:0) - 1. ... 255 358,59° R/W Table 14: UVW commutation signal position offset iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 15/30 INDEX GATING The iC-TW2 can interface to a wide range of index gating sources. Most commonly used are the digital hall sensor and the MR sensor bridge. The digital Hall sensor provides a large swing input signal to the iC-TW2. Depending on the polarity of the Hall it is either connected to pin NINZ or PINZ. Most Hall sensors use an open drain stage pulling the output low in the presence of a magnetic field. The unused terminal PINZ or NINZ should be biased to an adequate mid voltage level to guarantee good noise margin. The iC-TW2 provides a constant 1.21 V at pin VC that can be used for this purpose (refer to Figure 6). Figure 7: MR sensor index configuration Figure 6: Digital Hall sensor index configuration An MR sensor differential bridge can also be used to gate the index. Typically, the MR sensor provides a small signal amplitude. In addition, residual side lobes are present that can trigger double indexing. The iCTW2 provides offset control capability to fine tune the threshold voltage of the index comparator. This greatly simplifies end product calibration as variation in sensor offset can be compensated for. Figure 8 shows a correctly set threshold when using an MR gating sensor. The side lobes are below the threshold line and no parasitic triggering occurs. Index gating should be calibrated at SIN/COS input frequencies below 5 kHz to minimize the effect of latency. Timings shown in Table 17 are valid for input frequencies below 5 kHz and fsystem of 25 MHz. Once the timings are satisfied according to Table 17, correct operation is guaranteed up to the maximum input frequency as specified in Table 22 on page 19. Parameter Description Condition * min tsetup Index window setup time before rising edge of Z_W no filter 8 average 16 average 0.4 µs 0.5 µs 0.7 µs thold Index window hold time after falling edge of Z_W no filter 8 average 16 average 0.4 µs 0.5 µs 0.7 µs * Filter register FILTER(1:0) fsystem = 25 MHz, all timings scale with fsystem Refer to Table 22 for more information Table 17: Index gating and timing iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 16/30 Input Z threshold OFSZ(3:0) MR Sensor pin PINZ Chip internal index window. This signal can be observed by enabling calibration mode 2 (bit CALIB2) index window pin A_U pin B_V tsetup thold Index position and index width. IPOS(7:0) and IWIDTH(7:0) pin Z_W Figure 8: Index gating iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 17/30 CALIBRATION In order to facilitate system gain and offset calibration, two calibration modes can be enabled by either setting bit CALIB1 of register 0x01 or CALIB2 of register 0x0C. CALIB2 CALIB1 Addr. 0x0C; bit 0 Addr. 0x01; bit 5 CALIB2;1 Function, defaults to eeprom setting 00 01 Normal operation, no calibration A/B gain and index calbration 10 11 Oscillator and index window calibration Not permitted R/W R/W Oscillator and index window calibration When calibration mode 2 is enabled, the output of the index comparator is driven on pin B_V. In conjunction with the actual index output on pin Z_W, the gating window can be centered around the output pulse. Fine offset adjustment applied to the input of the index comparator is possible through OFSZ(3:0) which is sign magnitude encoded. This is beneficial when using small amplitude index sources such as an MR sensor. Simultaneously, the oscillator frequency fosc /32 can be observed on pin A_U. Register CLOCK(4:0) is used to tune the oscillator to its desired frequency. Table 18: Calibration mode A/B gain and offset calibration In calibration mode 1 the SIN/COS input is directly passed through two zero-cross comparators to output pin A and B respectively. In addition, the sum of the input signals SIN + COS √ 2 is also fed through a comparator and driven on pin Z. The actual calibration process must be carried out in several steps. OFSZ(3:0) Code Addr. 0x0B; bit 7:4 Function, defaults to eeprom setting 1111 1110 1001 ... maximum negative adjust, -10.5 mV -9 mV -1.5 mV ... 1000 0000 0001 ... 0110 no correction no correction 1.5 mV ... 9 mV 0111 1 10.5 mV calibration mode 2 activated 1. Select proper coarse gain by programming register GC(2:0). Set GFA(1:0) and GFB(1:0) to 0. 2. Adjust offset register OFSA(5:0) and OFSB(5:0) until output A and B are 50% duty cycle. 3. Adjust fine gain register GFA(1:0) and GFB(1:0) until output Z is equidistant between output A and B. 4. Repeat step 1 and 2 until no more improvement can be achieved. R/W Table 19: Index comparator offset control CLOCK(4:0) Addr. 0x0A; bit 4:0 Code Function, defaults to eeprom setting 00000 ... 11111 Slowest clock ... fastest clock Table 20: Oscillator tuning R/W iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 18/30 PINB (A+B) / sqrt(2) PINA A_U B_V Z_W Figure 9: Calibration of A/B gain and offset iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 19/30 CONFIGURATION DEPENDENCIES The following paragraph describes dependencies between several chip configuration settings and system performance. It is vital to understand the implication of system parameters to be able to tune the iC-TW2 for full performance. It is especially important to correctly program register FREQ(6:0), since this directly affects accuracy and maximum allowed input frequency. Selecting configuration parameters Follow the outlined procedure below to select the proper configuration. Refer to Table 22 for reference. 1. Determine the maximum input frequency finput as required by the application. 2. Calculate fcore based on finput and interpolation rate INTER(7:0). 3. Select fsystem based on the accuracy requirement. See Table 21. Accuracy is a function of interpolation and frequency (registers INTER(7:0) and FREQ(6:0)). Always use the highest accuracy possible to still satisfy finput . 4. Determine fosc . Selecting the slowest fosc possible lowers power consumption and improves jitter performance. Clock tuning 1. Observe fosc /32 on pin A_U during calibration mode 2. 2. Use CLOCK(4:0) to tune the oscillator to the desired fcal frequency. (fpinA = fosc /32) 3. Be aware that the oscillator can have as much as 20 % frequency variation over the operating temperature range (-40 °C to 125 °C). The oscillator runs slower at higher temperatures. To guarantee performance at 125 °C it is necessary to tune the oscillator to typ. 12 % higher frequency at room temperature of 25 °C. INTER(7:0) FREQ(6:0) Accuracy Mode Theoretical Absolute Accuracy 129 to 256; 0 0 to 127 High accuracy ±2.8° 65 to 128 0 1 to 127 Medium accuracy High accuracy ±5.6° ±2.8 ° 1 to 64 0 1 2 to 127 Low accuracy Medium accuracy High accuracy ±11.2° ±5.6° ±2.8° Table 21: Accuracy modes Description Parameter / Condition Requirement or relationship Control bit Oscillator frequency fosc [Hz] <30 MHz, when VDD = 5 V <25 MHz, when VDD = 3.3 V CLOCK(4:0) System Clock fsystem [Hz] fsystem = fosc , if CLKDIV = 0 fsystem = fosc /2, if CLKDIV = 1 CLKDIV Core Clock fcore [Hz] fcore = fsystem / (1 + FREQ(6:0)) FREQ(6:0) Max front-end input frequency ffront [Hz] ffront = fsystem / 256, if High Accuracy ffront = fsystem / 128, if Medium Accuracy ffront = fsystem / 64, if Low Accuracy FREQ(6:0) INTER(7:0) Max back-end frequency fback [Hz] fback = fcore / INTER(7:0) INTER(7:0) Max iC-TW2 input frequency finput [Hz] finput = min(ffront , fback ) Min A/B edge separation tedge tedge = 1 / fcore A/B edge granularity tgran tgran = 1 / fsystem Hysteresis SIN/COS to A/B output latency tlatency [µs] ±(HYST(1:0) x 1.4 °), if High Accuracy ±(HYST(1:0) x 2.8 °) if Medium or Low Accuracy HYST(1:0) 10 / fsystem [MHz] + 0.2, if no filter 18 / fsystem [MHz] + 0.2, if 8 sample average 26 / fsystem [MHz] + 0.2, if 16 sample average FILTER(1:0) Table 22: Configuration dependencies iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 20/30 FREQ(6:0) Code Addr. 0x05; bit 6:0 Function, defaults to eeprom setting R/W Hysteresis is dependent upon chosen accuracy. The Table below is valid for high accuracy operation. 0x00 f core = f system ... f core = f system 1 + FREQ(6 : 0) 0x7F f core = f system 128 Interpolation setting (register 0x02) in conjunction with the frequency divider (register 0x05) defines the iCTW2’s accuracy mode. Table 21 explains the correlation. Based on the selected accuracy mode other system parameters are defined as shown in Table 22. It is recommended to use the divider at all times when support for high input frequencies is not required. Addr. 0x0B; bit 1 Function, defaults to eeprom setting 0 1 fsystem = fosc fsystem = f osc 2 Addr. 0x06; bit 1:0 Function, defaults to eeprom setting 00 no hysteresis 01 10 11 ±1.4 ° ±2.81 ° ±5.63 ° R/W Table 25: Master clock divider Table 23: Maximum input frequency selection CLKDIV Code HYST(1:0) Code An averaging filter can be enabled to remove loop instability noise. It is recommended to enable the filter in almost all cases. Enabling the filter increases SIN/COS input to A/B output latency. See Table 22 on page 19 for details. FILTER(1:0) Addr. 0x06; bit 3:2 Code Function, defaults to eeprom setting 00 01 10 11 R/W filter disabled Average of 8 samples Average of 16 samples undefined R/W Table 26: Datapath filter control Table 24: Master clock divider DEVICE IDENTIFICATION IDA(3:0) Code Addr. 0x00; bit 7:4 Function, Major device identification R/W IDB(3:0) Code Addr. 0x00; bit 3:0 Function, Minor device identification R/W Mask Programmed Value Identifies Major Revision Mask Programmed Value Identifies Minor Revision Table 27: Major device revision Table 28: Minor device revision iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 21/30 START UP Power-On-Reset The iC-TW2 contains a built-in Power-On-Reset (POR) circuitry. The POR keeps the iC-TW2 in reset as long as the applied power supply voltage does not allow reliable operation. Once the power supply ramps up above 1.8 V, the POR releases the reset and the iCTW2 starts the configuration cycle. 20 ms after the device goes out of reset, normal operation begins. reset power supply ramp-up True relative operation, A/B phase relation to Z is unknown A_U STARTUP(1:0) = 00 RELATIVE STARTUP(1:0) = 10 ABSOLUTE STARTUP(1:0) = 11 BURST B_V Z_W A_U A/B has known phase relation to Z (same on each B_V startup) Z_W A_U Burst output to absolute position B_V within period Z_W Volts VDD 3.3 or 5.0 V Figure 11: Startup behaviour STARTUP(1:0) Addr. 0x01; bit 4:3 Code Function 1.8 V 00 RELATIVE A/B output signals are kept low during startup. This resembles true relative operation since there is no relationship between A/B levels and sensor position (and therefore Z output) on startup. 01 Reserved 10 ABSOLUTE A/B output signals are phase-related to Z output. A/B output levels are defined by the absolute sensor position within a period. The register IPOS can be used to program the desired A/B to Z phase relationship. 11 BURST The absolute sensor position within the period is output by an A/B burst. 0.0 V Time 20 ms Power- On- Reset releases, iC-TW2 starts configuration iC-TW2 starts A/B pulse generation. Power supply and sensor input signals should be stable to avoid A/B toggling. Figure 10: Power supply ramp-up To avoid A/B output toggling it is important that the power supply and the input signals are stable as soon as normal operation begins. In applications with a slowly rising power supply, it might be necessary to connect an external RC reset to pin NRST to prolong the reset. In applications where startup A/B toggling is acceptable, no precaution must be taken as the iCTW2 will properly power up on an indefinitely slow supply rise time. The iC-TW2 startup behaviour is controlled by programming the two control bits STARTUP(1:0) in register 0x01. Three possible startup configurations are allowed, shown in Figure 11. The default behaviour must be specified by the eeprom. R/W Table 29: Startup sequence selection Reset A control bit RESET is provided to block any burst A/B pulses during chip reconfiguration by a microcontroller. While RESET is set A/B/Z output generation is stopped. Access to the interface and register bank is not affected. RESET Code Addr. 0x01; bit 6 Function 0 1 normal operation default initiate reset Table 30: Restart interpolation engine R/W iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 22/30 1W- / 2W-INTERFACE AND EEPROM ACCESS Memory map Figure 12 depicts the iC-TW2 memory map and interface diagram. A 2-wire read/write interface and a 1wire write-only interface allow access to the register bank and the EEPROM bank. The register bank is 8 bits wide and it is used to control all chip functional- 1W SCLK SDAT ity. Refer to section "Register Map" on page 8 for an overview of all registers. The EEPROM bank on the other hand is 32 bits wide. Address 0x05, 0x06 and 0x07 (3 * 4 bytes = 12 bytes) can be used to store user data such as product serial numbers, calibration and manufacturing information. 1- wire interface write only 2- wire interface read and write addr 0 addr 1 addr 2 addr 3 addr 4 addr 5 addr 6 addr 7 addr 8 addr 9 addr 10 addr 11 addr 12 addr 13 addr 14 addr 15 Register bank 8 bit wide addr 0 - reserved addr 1 - reserved addr 2 - reserved addr 3 - reserved addr 4 - reserved addr 5 - user data addr 6 - user data addr 7 - user data EEPROM bank 32 bit wide Figure 12: Memory map 2W-Interface The first control interface is a standard 2-wire serial interface. It uses an external clock and bidirectional data line. It allows read and write access to all internal registers as well as access to the user EEPROM. The interface consists of two pins, a dedicated input SCLK, the shifting clock and SDAT for bidirectional serial data. The interface handles four types of access requests: 1. Write to control register 2. Read from control register 3. Write to EEPROM register (including block access and erase) 4. Read from EEPROM register Control register access is shown in Figure 13 (write) and Figure 14 (read) respectively. If SDAT is 00 after the start bit a write access is requested. The data word d(7:0) will be written into register a(4:0). Please note that a(4) is always 0 since the iC-TW2 only has 16 addressable registers. iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 23/30 SCLK SDAT 0 a4 0 a3 a2 a1 a0 d7 d6 d1 5 bit address SDAT is sampled on falling edge of SCLK 0 0 1 8 bit data SDAT is externally driven 00 indicates write d0 extra clocks before new access new access Figure 13: Register bank write access on 2W-Interface On a register read access the register content is shifted out on SDAT. A read access is indicated by SDAT 10 after the start bit. There is an idle clock required between the last address bit a(0) and the first data bit d(7) returned on SDAT. This clock cycle is used to avoid any bus contention while turning around the bus driver. SCLK SDAT 1 0 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 d7 5 bit address SDAT is sampled on falling edge of SCLK d0 0 0 1 8 bit data SDAT is externally driven 10 indicates read d6 SDAT is driven by iC-TW2 extra clocks before new access new access Figure 14: Register bank read access on 2-wire interface Write access to the EEPROM follows the procedure depicted in Figure 15. A start bit is followed by four command bits c-1-e-b. The encoding of the command bits is shown in Table 31. The most useful command is 0100 which performs an erase followed by a write therefore allowing the user to write a new value to the EEPROM with only one interface access. SCLK SDAT c SDAT is sampled on falling edge of SCLK 1 e b a2 a1 a0 d31 3 bit address SDAT is externally driven command select erase control block operation d30 d1 d0 32 bit data extra clocks before new access Figure 15: EEPROM write access on 2-wire interface 0 0 1 20 ms wait for at least 20ms before any new access iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 24/30 SCLK SDAT 1 SDAT is sampled on falling edge of SCLK 1 0 0 a2 a1 a0 d31 d0 d30 3 bit address 0 0 1 32 bit data SDAT is driven externally SDAT is driven by iC-TW2 extra clocks before new access new access Figure 16: EEPROM read access on 2-wire interface The 3 bit address a(2:0) selects the EEPROM register to write to (Figure 12). Each EEPROM register is 32 bits wide, therefore 32 data bits d(31:0) are sent across the interface. At least 20 ms delay is required after every transaction before any new access can start. EEPROM read access is shown in Figure 16. The start bit is followed with the 4 bit read command 1100 and the 3 bit address a(2:0). An idle clock cycle is used to avoid any contention on SDAT while reversing data flow direction. Finally d(31:0) is shifted out on SDAT. EEPROM read access is slow. Please take notice of the timings in Table 32. At least one extra clock with SDAT low is required after every transaction on the 2-wire interface before a new access is started. The interface will not work correctly if this clock cycle is omitted. EEPROM Commands c 1 e b Description 0 1 0 0 Erase followed by write 0 1 0 1 Block erase followed by block write 0 1 1 0 Block write 0 1 1 1 Read. Please refer to Figure 16 for more details 1 1 0 1 Reserved. Do not use this command 1 1 1 0 Erase 1 1 1 1 Block erase Purpose Normal EEPROM programming Test only Test only Special production environment Table 31: EEPROM Commands 2W-Interface timing The timing of the 2W-Interface is dependent on the type of access performed. Register bank access and EEPROM write access can be performed at full speed. EEPROM read access requires a slow SCLK. Also a 20 ms delay is required after every EEPROM write access before a new transaction of any kind is started (this includes read and write to the register bank). tsclkH tsdataS tclk2sdata tsclkL tsdataH tclk2sdata Figure 17: 2W-Interface timing diagram iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 25/30 2W-Interface timing Parameter Description tsclkH SCLK high Condition EEPROM read access Any other access EEPROM read access Any other access tsclkL SCLK low tsdataS SDAT setup before falling edge of SCLK SDAT setup hold after falling edge of SCLK SDAT setup hold after falling edge of SCLK tsdataH tsdataH tclk2sdata 5 ns Table 32: 2W-Interface timing min max 2 µs 0 400 ns 2 µs 400 ns 100 ns 100 ns 100 ns 100 ns 105 ns iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 26/30 1W-Interface The 1W-Interface provides a write-only access port to the register bank. It is intended as a minimal configuration interface to program the internal EEPROM during in-field service or production. An infrared phototransistor can directly connect to the pin to build a cost effective wireless write port. The input bit stream is pulse-width modulated (or duty-cycle modulated) as idle 1 0 t0low t0hi t1low shown in Figure 18. A zero-bit is encoded as a short low followed by a long high. A one-bit is encoded as a long low followed by a short high. The modulated signal is independent of the receiver or transmitter clock frequency. Since the iC-TW2 uses a free-running oscillator, it is important to implement a robust, frequencyinsensitive protocol. 1 0 idle 0 t1hi Figure 18: Pulse width modulated bit stream 1W- / 2W-Interface is allowed or data corruption might occur. The interface timing is specified in the following Table. Parameter Description min max t0low Low time bit 0 40 µs 100 µs t0hi High time bit 0 120 µs 200 µs t1low Low time bit 1 120 µs 200 µs t1high High time bit 1 40 µs 100 µs Table 33: 1W-Interface timing 1W-Interface write sequence Figure 19 describes the write sequence to the register bank, which uses the same protocol as the 2WInterface. On an idle wire, a write sequence is initiated by writing a start bit (1) followed by the write command (00) followed by the address and register data. At the end of the sequence, a stop-bit (0) is required. 3. Finally the register content, after a device reset and configuration, should be verified to ensure a successfull EEPROM write sequence. Writing the registers to the EEPROM using EE_WRITE takes up to 100 msec. During this access to the register bank either through the 1W- or 2W-Interface is prohibited. Any access will corrupt data written to the EEPROM. EE_WRITE Addr. 0x0E; bit 6 W Code Function, bit is automatically reset upon completion of operation 0 1 Normal operation (default) Store registers into EEPROM 1W-Interface write access to the EEPROM bank is shown in Figure 20. The 4 bit EEPROM command after the start bit is decoded in Table 31. Writing the register bank to the EEPROM To permanently store a configuration in the internal EEPROM the following procedure should be followed. 1. The 1W- / 2W-Interface is used to fully write the desired configuration into the register bank. 2. A logic one is written to bit EE_WRITE of register 0x0E. This will initiate a write sequence which copies all registers into the internal EEPROM. A complete write takes 100 ms. During this time, no access to the register bank through either the Table 34: EEPROM store command idle 1 0 0 address(4:0) Start Write to Register bank Bit Regbank address data(7:0) 0 8 bit register data Stop Bit idle Figure 19: 1W-Interface register bank write sequence idle 1 Start Bit c 1 e EEPROM command b address(2:0) EEPROM bank address data(31:0) 0 32 bit EEPROM data Stop Bit idle Figure 20: 1W-Interface EEPROM write sequence iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 27/30 TEST MODES The iC-TW2 provides various control bits located in different registers to enable or disable certain test modes. The majority of these is only required for extended chip testing capability, others are required for production test. EN_MON Code Addr. 0x0B; bit 3 Function 0 1 Position monitor disabled default Monitor enabled R/W Table 39: Position monitor control GRANULAR Addr. 0x05; bit 7 Code Function, test mode only 0 1 normal operation test mode only R/W MONITOR(7:0) Addr. 0x0F; bit 7:0 Code Function R/W Access to the internal absolute period position. RT only! Table 35: A/B output edge granularity control Table 40: Monitor register VC(1:0) Code Addr. 0x0A; bit 6:5 Function, test mode only R/W EE_READ register must be set to 0 for correct device functionality Table 36: Reference voltage fine tuning CLKMODE Addr. 0x0B; bit 0 Code Function, test mode only 0 1 0 1 Normal operation Read all iC-TW2 registers from the EEPROM. Bit is automatically reset upon completion. Not required during normal operation since this is done automatically on start-up. R/W Table 41: EEPROM read command register Table 37: Clock source select Addr. 0x0B; bit 2 Function 0 1 Normal operation Add clock delay W Function Select comparator clock default Select direct oscillator clock CLKDLY Code Addr. 0x0E; bit 7 Code R/W Table 38: Clock distribution delay line selection Enabling the position monitor will allow access to the internal absolute period position. The position can be read through register 0x0F. This is considered a test mode and should not be used during normal operation. Production test control bits Production test control bits are reserved bits. Do not use the production test control bits during normal operation. Keep reserved bits ”0”. Reserved Reserved Addr. 0xC; bit 7:1 Addr. 0xD; bit 7:0 R/W R/W Reserved Code Addr. 0xE; bit 2:0 Function R/W 0 Normal operation 1 ... Do not use or alter to Table 42: Test modes iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 28/30 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS The circuit in Figure 21 depicts a typical application. Differential sensor signals (or differential SIN / COS encoder signals) are directly connected to the iC-TW2. Index gating is single ended active low as is frequently the case when using a HALL switch. The VC signal of 1.21 V is used to bias the positive input PINZ. It is recommended to decouple VC with a small capacitor when it is used as a reference. When VC is left unconnected, no capacitor is required. Figure 21: Example of application circuit with differential sensor and single ended index gating iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 29/30 PCB LAYOUT GUIDELINES The iC-TW2 is a noise sensitive mixed signal device, which requires careful PCB layout considerations. Violating the layout guidelines can result in poor performance. Please consider Figure 22 . Power pins VDDA (pin 10) and VDD (pin 1) must be decoupled with 1 µF. Trace length to VDD pins must be no longer than 3 mm. The decoupling caps can be placed on the bottom side of the PCB directly connecting it to the iC-TW2 pads using vias. Ground pins GND (pin 6) and GNDA (pin 11) must be tied to the center exposed pad. The exposed pad is then directly connected to the PCB ground plane using several vias. VSS pin 6 and 11 tied to exposed pad. EP strapped to ground plane using several vias . 1 µF C603 Max 3 mm from VDD pin 1 and 10 to 1 µF decoupling caps. 1 µF C603 Figure 22: PCB layout guidelines iC-Haus expressly reserves the right to change its products and/or specifications. An Infoletter gives details as to any amendments and additions made to the relevant current specifications on our internet website www.ichaus.de/infoletter; this letter is generated automatically and shall be sent to registered users by email. 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In principle the range of use is limitless in a technical sense and refers to the products listed in the inventory of goods compiled for the 2008 and following export trade statistics issued annually by the Bureau of Statistics in Wiesbaden, for example, or to any product in the product catalogue published for the 2007 and following exhibitions in Hanover (Hannover-Messe). We understand suitable application of our published designs to be state-of-the-art technology which can no longer be classed as inventive under the stipulations of patent law. Our explicit application notes are to be treated only as mere examples of the many possible and extremely advantageous uses our products can be put to. iC-TW2 8-BIT SIN/COS INTERPOLATION IC WITH INTEGRATED EEPROM Rev D3, Page 30/30 ORDERING INFORMATION Type Package Order Designation iC-TW2 Evaluation Board 24 pin QFN, 4 mm x 4 mm PCB 100 mm x 80 mm iC-TW2 QFN24 iC-TW2 EVAL TW2_2D For technical support, information about prices and terms of delivery please contact: iC-Haus GmbH Am Kuemmerling 18 D-55294 Bodenheim GERMANY Tel.: +49 (61 35) 92 92-0 Fax: +49 (61 35) 92 92-192 Web: http://www.ichaus.com E-Mail: [email protected] Appointed local distributors: http://www.ichaus.com/sales_partners