1.8 V, Micropower, Zero-Drift, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Op Amp ADA4051-2 PIN CONFIGURATION OUT A 1 8 V+ –IN A 2 ADA4051-2 7 OUT B +IN A 3 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 6 –IN B 5 +IN B V– 4 08056-001 FEATURES Very low supply current: 13 μA Low offset voltage: 15 μV maximum Offset voltage drift: 20 nV/°C Single-supply operation: 1.8 V to 5.5 V High PSRR: 110 dB minimum High CMRR: 110 dB minimum Rail-to-rail input and output Unity gain stable Extended industrial temperature range Figure 1. 8-Lead MSOP (RM-8) APPLICATIONS Pressure and position sensors Temperature measurements Electronic scales Medical instrumentation Battery-powered equipment Handheld test equipment GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ADA4051-2 is a CMOS, micropower, zero-drift operational amplifier utilizing an innovative chopping technique. This amplifier features rail-to-rail input and output swing and extremely low offset voltage while operating from a 1.8 V to 5.5 V power supply. This amplifier also offers high PSRR and CMRR, while operating with a supply current of only 13 μA per amplifier. This combination of features makes the ADA4051-2 amplifier an ideal choice for battery-powered applications where high precision as well as low power consumption is important. The ADA4051-2 is specified for the extended industrial temperature range of −40°C to +125°C. The ADA4051-2 amplifier is available in the standard 8-pin MSOP. The ADA4051-2 is a member of a growing series of zero-drift op amps offered by Analog Devices, Inc. Refer to Table 1 for a list of these devices. Table 1. Op Amps Supple Single Dual Quad Low Power, 5 V AD8538 AD8539 5V AD8628 AD8629 AD8630 16 V AD8638 AD8639 Rev. 0 Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 ©2009 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. ADA4051-2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Thermal Resistance .......................................................................5 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 Power Sequencing .........................................................................5 Pin Configuration ............................................................................. 1 ESD Caution...................................................................................5 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Typical Performance Characteristics ..............................................6 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 15 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Input Voltage Range ................................................................... 16 Electrical Characteristics—5 V Operation................................ 3 Output Phase Reversal ............................................................... 17 Electrical Characteristics—1.8 V Operation ............................ 4 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 18 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 5 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 18 REVISION HISTORY 7/09—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 20 ADA4051-2 SPECIFICATIONS ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—5 V OPERATION VSY = 5.0 V, VCM = VSY/2 V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Table 2. Parameter INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Offset Voltage Offset Voltage Drift Input Bias Current Symbol Conditions VOS ∆VOS/∆T IB 0 V ≤ VCM ≤ 5 V −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C Min Typ Max Unit 2 0.02 20 15 0.1 70 200 100 150 5 μV μV/°C pA pA pA pA V dB dB dB dB MΩ pF pF −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C Input Offset Current IOS Input Voltage Range Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR Large-Signal Voltage Gain AVO Input Resistance Input Capacitance, Differential Mode Input Capacitance, Common Mode OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage High Output Voltage Low Short-Circuit Current Closed-Loop Output Impedance POWER SUPPLY Power Supply Rejection Ratio Supply Current per Amplifier DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE Slew Rate Settling Time Gain Bandwidth Product Phase Margin Channel Separation NOISE PERFORMANCE Voltage Noise Voltage Noise Density Current Noise Density 40 −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C 0 V ≤ VCM ≤ 5 V −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C RL = 10 kΩ, 0.1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VSY − 0.1 V −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C 0 110 106 115 106 RIN CINDM CINCM VOH VOL ISC ZOUT PSRR ISY SR+ SR− tS 135 135 8 2 5 RL = 10 kΩ to VCM −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C RL = 100 kΩ to VCM −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C RL = 10 kΩ to VCM −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C RL = 100 kΩ to VCM −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C VOUT = VSY or GND f = 1 kHz, G = 10 4.96 4.9 4.996 4.985 1.8 V ≤ VSY ≤ 5.5 V −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C VOUT = VSY/2 −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C 110 106 4.99 4.998 9 1 30 90 4 13 15 1 135 13 17 20 V V V V mV mV mV mV mA Ω dB dB μA μA 0.06 0.04 110 V/μs V/μs μs GBP ΦM CS RL = 10 kΩ, CL = 100 pF, G = 1 RL = 10 kΩ, CL = 100 pF, G = 1 To 0.1%, VIN = 1 V p-p, RL = 10 kΩ, CL = 100 pF CL = 100 pF, G = 1 CL = 100 pF, G = 1 VIN = 4.99 V, f = 100 Hz 125 40 140 kHz Degrees dB en p-p en in f = 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz f = 1 kHz f = 1 kHz 1.96 95 100 μV p-p nV/√Hz fA/√Hz Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 20 ADA4051-2 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—1.8 V OPERATION VSY = 1.8 V, VCM = VSY/2 V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Table 3. Parameter INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Offset Voltage Offset Voltage Drift Input Bias Current Symbol Conditions VOS ∆VOS/∆T IB 0 V ≤ VCM ≤ 1.8 V −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C Min Typ Max Unit 2 0.02 5 15 0.1 50 200 100 150 1.8 μV μV/°C pA pA pA pA V dB dB dB dB MΩ pF pF −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C Input Offset Current IOS Input Voltage Range Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR Large-Signal Voltage Gain AVO Input Resistance Input Capacitance, Differential Mode Input Capacitance, Common Mode OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage High Output Voltage Low Short-Circuit Current Closed-Loop Output Impedance POWER SUPPLY Power Supply Rejection Ratio Supply Current per Amplifier DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE Slew Rate Settling Time Gain Bandwidth Product Phase Margin Channel Separation NOISE PERFORMANCE Voltage Noise Voltage Noise Density Current Noise Density 10 −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C 0 V ≤ VCM ≤ 1.8 V −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C RL = 10 kΩ, 0.1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VSY − 0.1 V −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C 0 105 100 106 100 RIN CINDM CINCM VOH VOL ISC ZOUT PSRR ISY SR+ SR− tS 125 130 8 2 5 RL = 10 kΩ to VCM −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C RL = 100 kΩ to VCM −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C RL = 10 kΩ to VCM −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C RL = 100 kΩ to VCM −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C VOUT = VSY or GND f = 1 kHz, G = 10 1.76 1.7 1.796 1.79 1.8 V ≤ VSY ≤ 5.5 V −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C VOUT = VSY/2 −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C 110 106 1.796 1.799 3 1 20 40 3 9 13 1 135 13 17 20 V V V V mV mV mV mV mA Ω dB dB μA μA 0.04 0.03 120 V/μs V/μs μs GBP ΦM CS RL = 10 kΩ, CL = 100 pF, G = 1 RL = 10 kΩ, CL = 100 pF, G = 1 To 0.1%, VIN = 1 V p-p, RL = 10 kΩ, CL = 100 pF CL = 100 pF, G = 1 CL = 100 pF, G = 1 VIN = 1.7 V, f = 100 Hz 115 40 140 kHz Degrees dB en p-p en in f = 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz f = 1 kHz f = 1 kHz 1.96 95 100 μV p-p nV/√Hz fA/√Hz Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 20 ADA4051-2 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS THERMAL RESISTANCE Table 4. Parameter Supply Voltage Input Voltage Input Current1 Differential Input Voltage2 Output Short-Circuit Duration to GND Storage Temperature Range Operating Temperature Range Junction Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Soldering, 60 sec) θJA is specified with the device soldered on a circuit board with its exposed paddle soldered to a pad (if applicable) on a 4-layer JEDEC standard PC board with zero air flow, unless otherwise specified. Rating 6V ±VSY ± 0.3 V ±10 mA ±VSY Indefinite −65°C to +150°C −40°C to +125°C −65°C to +150°C 300°C Table 5. Thermal Resistance Package Type 8-Lead MSOP (RM-8) θJA 186 θJC 52 Unit °C/W POWER SEQUENCING 1 The input pins have clamp diodes to the power supply pins. Limit input current to 10 mA or less whenever input signals exceed the power supply rail by 0.3 V. 2 Inputs are protected against high differential voltages by internal series 1.33 kΩ resistors and back-to-back diode-connected N-MOSFETs (with a typical VT of 0.7 V for VCM of 0 V). The op amp supplies must be established simultaneously with, or before, any input signals are applied. If this is not possible, the input current must be limited to 10 mA. ESD CAUTION Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 20 ADA4051-2 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. 300 300 VSY = 5V VCM = VSY/2 VSY = 1.8V VCM = VSY/2 250 NUMBER OF AMPLIFIERS 200 150 100 200 150 100 50 50 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 0 08056-002 0 10 VOS (µV) –10 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 VOS (µV) Figure 5. Input Offset Voltage Distribution Figure 2. Input Offset Voltage Distribution 10 –8 08056-005 NUMBER OF AMPLIFIERS 250 8 VSY = 1.8V –40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C VSY = 5V –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C 6 NUMBER OF AMPLIFIERS NUMBER OF AMPLIFIERS 8 6 4 4 2 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 TCVOS (µV/°C) 0 Figure 6. Input Offset Voltage Drift Distribution with Temperature 15 15 VSY = 5V 10 5 5 VOS (µV) 10 0 DEVICE 1 DEVICE 2 DEVICE 3 DEVICE 4 DEVICE 5 DEVICE 6 DEVICE 7 DEVICE 8 DEVICE 9 DEVICE 10 –5 –10 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 0 DEVICE 1 DEVICE 2 DEVICE 3 DEVICE 4 DEVICE 5 DEVICE 6 DEVICE 7 DEVICE 8 DEVICE 9 DEVICE 10 –5 –10 1.8 VCM (V) –15 08056-004 VOS (µV) VSY = 1.8V 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 TCVOS (µV/°C) Figure 3. Input Offset Voltage Drift Distribution with Temperature –15 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 VCM (V) Figure 4. Input Offset Voltage vs. Input Common-Mode Voltage Figure 7. Input Offset Voltage vs. Input Common-Mode Voltage Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 20 08056-007 0 08056-003 0 08056-006 2 ADA4051-2 TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. 100 VSY = 5V IB– 80 60 60 40 20 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) IB– 40 20 –20 25 50 Figure 8. Input Bias Current vs. Temperature 400 VSY = 1.8V 150 300 100 200 50 100 0 VSY = 5V 0 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 –300 1.8 VCM (V) –400 08056-009 –150 Figure 9. Input Bias Current vs. Common-Mode Voltage and Temperature VSY = 1.8V 1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.1 1 10 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Figure 12. Input Bias Current vs. Common-Mode Voltage and Temperature 08056-010 0.01 0.001 –40°C +25°C +85°C +125°C 0 VCM (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VOH) TO SUPPLY RAIL (mV) 10,000 IB+, 25°C IB–, 25°C IB+, 85°C IB–, 85°C IB+, 125°C IB–, 125°C –200 08056-012 IB+, 25°C IB–, 25°C IB+, 85°C IB–, 85°C IB+, 125°C IB–, 125°C –100 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VOH) TO SUPPLY RAIL (mV) 125 –100 –50 –200 100 Figure 11. Input Bias Current vs. Temperature IB (pA) IB (pA) 200 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 10. Output Voltage (VOH) to Supply Rail vs. Load Current and Temperature 10,000 VSY = 5V 1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 –40°C +25°C +85°C +125°C 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 LOAD CURRENT (mA) Figure 13. Output Voltage (VOH) to Supply Rail vs. Load Current and Temperature Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 20 08056-013 –20 IB+ 08056-011 IB (pA) 80 08056-008 IB (pA) 100 IB+ VSY = 1.8V ADA4051-2 TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. 10,000 1000 100 10 1 0.1 –40°C +25°C +85°C +125°C 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 1000 100 10 1 –40°C +25°C +85°C +125°C 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 LOAD CURRENT (mA) Figure 14. Output Voltage (VOL) to Supply Rail vs. Load Current and Temperature Figure 17. Output Voltage (VOL) to Supply Rail vs. Load Current and Temperature 5000 1800 OUTPUT VOLTAGE [VOH] (mV) 1798 1797 RL = 100kΩ 4998 RL = 100kΩ 1799 OUTPUT VOLTAGE [VOH] (mV) VSY = 5V 08056-017 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VOL) TO SUPPLY RAIL (mV) VSY = 1.8V 08056-014 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VOL) TO SUPPLY RAIL (mV) 10,000 RL = 10kΩ 1796 4996 4994 4992 RL = 10kΩ 4990 4988 4986 1795 –10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) OUTPUT VOLTAGE [VOL] (mV) 12 10 8 6 4 RL = 10kΩ 2 80 95 110 125 125 10 RL = 10kΩ 8 6 4 2 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 TEMPERATURE (°C) 125 08056-016 –10 65 VSY = 5V VCM = VSY/2 RL = 100kΩ RL = 100kΩ –25 50 14 VSY = 1.8V VCM = VSY/2 0 –40 35 Figure 18. Output Voltage (VOH) vs. Temperature 12 OUTPUT VOLTAGE [VOL] (mV) 20 TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 15. Output Voltage (VOH) vs. Temperature 14 5 08056-018 –25 VSY = 5V VCM = VSY/2 4982 –40 –25 –10 08056-015 1794 –40 08056-019 4984 VSY = 1.8V VCM = VSY/2 Figure 16. Output Voltage (VOL) vs. Temperature 0 –40 –25 –10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 19. Output Voltage (VOL) vs. Temperature Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 20 ADA4051-2 TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. 10 5 20 15 10 5 VCM = VSY/2 –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 0 –40 135 60 90 40 45 GAIN 0 0 –20 –45 –40 1k 10k 100k 1M 65 80 125 135 90 PHASE 20 45 GAIN 0 0 –90 –40 –90 –135 –60 100 1k 10k 100k –135 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 24. Open-Loop Gain and Phase vs. Frequency VSY = 1.8V RL = 10kΩ CL = 50pF 40 110 180 50 50 95 VSY = 5V CL= 100pF Figure 21. Open-Loop Gain and Phase vs. Frequency VSY = 5V RL = 10kΩ CL = 50pF 40 30 CLOSED-LOOP GAIN (dB) 30 20 10 0 –10 –20 20 10 0 –10 –20 –30 –30 G=1 G = 10 G = 100 –40 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M –50 100 08056-061 –50 100 50 –45 FREQUENCY (Hz) –40 35 –20 08056-022 –60 100 OPEN-LOOP GAIN (dB) PHASE 20 20 80 PHASE (Degrees) 40 CLOSED-LOOP GAIN (dB) OPEN-LOOP GAIN (dB) 60 5 Figure 23. Total Supply Current vs. Temperature 180 VSY = 1.8V CL= 100pF –10 TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 20. Total Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage and Temperature 80 –25 PHASE (Degrees) 1.5 08056-025 1.0 08056-020 0.5 08056-023 15 0 VSY = 1.8V 25 20 0 VSY = 5V VCM = VSY/2 TOTAL SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 25 TOTAL SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 30 +125°C +85°C +25°C –40°C G=1 G = 10 G = 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 22. Closed-Loop Gain vs. Frequency Figure 25. Closed-Loop Gain vs. Frequency Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 20 1M 08056-062 30 ADA4051-2 TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. 10k VSY = 1.8V 1k 1k 100 100 ZOUT (Ω) 10 VSY = 5V 10 1 G = −1 G = −10 G = −100 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) 0.1 1k 08056-026 0.1 1k G = −1 G = −10 G = −100 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 29. Output Impedance vs. Frequency Figure 26. Output Impedance vs. Frequency 110 110 VSY = 5V 100 90 90 80 70 80 70 60 60 50 50 100 1k 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) 40 10 100 1k 10k 100k Figure 30. CMRR vs. Frequency Figure 27. CMRR vs. Frequency 120 120 VSY = 5V 100 80 80 PSRR (dB) 100 60 PSRR+ 60 PSRR+ 40 40 20 20 PSRR– PSRR– 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M 08056-028 PSRR (dB) VSY = 1.8V 0 100 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) 08056-030 CMRR (dB) 100 08056-027 CMRR (dB) VSY = 1.8V 40 10 08056-029 1 0 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 31. PSRR vs. Frequency Figure 28. PSRR vs. Frequency Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 20 1M 08056-031 ZOUT (Ω) 10k ADA4051-2 TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. VSY = ±2.5V VIN = 50mV p-p RL = 10kΩ CL= 50pF 50 40 OVERSHOOT (%) 30 20 40 −OVERSHOOT 30 20 −OVERSHOOT +OVERSHOOT +OVERSHOOT 10 0 10 08056-032 0 10 100 LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF) 08056-035 10 100 LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF) Figure 32. Small-Signal Overshoot vs. Load Capacitance Figure 35. Small-Signal Overshoot vs. Load Capacitance VSY = 5V RL = 10kΩ CL = 100pF G=1 VIN = 4V p-p 08056-033 VOLTAGE (1V/DIV) VOLTAGE (500mV/DIV) VSY = 1.8V RL = 10kΩ CL = 100pF G=1 VIN = 1.5V p-p TIME (100µs/DIV) 08056-036 OVERSHOOT (%) 50 60 VSY = ±0.9V VIN = 50mV p-p RL = 10kΩ CL= 50pF TIME (100µs/DIV) Figure 36. Large Signal Transient Response Figure 33. Large-Signal Transient Response VSY = 5V RL = 10kΩ CL = 100pF G=1 VIN = 50mV p-p TIME (100µs/DIV) 08056-034 VOLTAGE (10mV/DIV) VOLTAGE (10mV/DIV) VSY = 1.8V RL = 10kΩ CL = 100pF G=1 VIN = 50mV p-p TIME (100µs/DIV) Figure 34. Small-Signal Transient Response Figure 37. Small Signal Transient Response Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 20 08056-037 60 ADA4051-2 TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. VSY = 5V INPUT VOLTAGE NOISE (0.5µV/DIV) TIME (4s/DIV) TIME (4s/DIV) Figure 38. Input Voltage Noise 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz Figure 41. Input Voltage Noise 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz 1k VSY = 1.8V VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY (nV/√Hz) VSY = 5V 100 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) 100 10 1 10 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 39. Voltage Noise Density vs. Frequency Figure 42. Voltage Noise Density vs. Frequency 0.4 VSY = ±0.9V G = –10 INPUT VOLTAGE 0 0.5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE 0 –0.5 INPUT VOLTAGE (100mV/DIV) 0.05 –0.05 VSY = ±2.5V G = –10 0.3 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (500mV/DIV) 0.10 0.2 0.1 INPUT VOLTAGE 0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE –0.1 –2 08056-040 –1.5 0 –1 –1.0 TIME (40µs/DIV) 1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (1V/DIV) 0.15 INPUT VOLTAGE (50mV/DIV) 100 TIME (40µs/DIV) Figure 43. Positive Overload Recovery Figure 40. Positive Overload Recovery Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 20 –3 08056-043 1 10 08056-039 VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY (nV/√Hz) 1k 08056-041 1.96µV p-p 08056-038 1.94µV p-p 08056-042 INPUT VOLTAGE NOISE (0.5µV/DIV) VSY = 1.8V ADA4051-2 TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. 0.05 0.1 1.5 –0.15 1.0 0.5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE –0.1 –0.2 4 –0.3 3 –0.4 2 1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE 0 –0.5 TIME (40µs/DIV) Figure 47. Negative Overload Recovery ERROR BAND VSY = ±2.5V VIN = 1V p-p RL = 10kΩ CL = 100pF TIME (40µs/DIV) TIME (40µs/DIV) Figure 46. Negative Settling Time to 0.1% 5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR BAND 0 –5 VSY = ±2.5V VIN = 1V p-p RL = 10kΩ CL = 100pF TIME (40µs/DIV) Figure 49. Negative Settling Time to 0.1% Rev. 0 | Page 13 of 20 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (5mV/DIV) INPUT VOLTAGE 08056-049 –5 INPUT VOLTAGE (500mV/DIV) 0 08056-046 5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (5mV/DIV) Figure 48. Positive Settling Time to 0.1% INPUT VOLTAGE VSY = ±0.9V VIN = 1V p-p RL = 10kΩ CL = 100pF –5 TIME (40µs/DIV) Figure 45. Positive Settling Time to 0.1% OUTPUT VOLTAGE 0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (5mV/DIV) –5 VSY = ±0.9V VIN = 1V p-p RL = 10kΩ CL = 100pF 5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE 08056-048 0 INPUT VOLTAGE (500mV/DIV) 5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE (5mV/DIV) INPUT VOLTAGE 08056-045 INPUT VOLTAGE (500mV/DIV) INPUT VOLTAGE ERROR BAND –1 TIME (40µs/DIV) Figure 44. Negative Overload Recovery ERROR BAND 0 VSY = ±2.5V G = –10 08056-044 VSY = ±0.9V G = –10 INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE (1V/DIV) –0.10 INPUT VOLTAGE (100mV/DIV) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (500mV/DIV) –0.05 INPUT VOLTAGE (500mV/DIV) INPUT VOLTAGE (50mV/DIV) 0 08056-047 INPUT VOLTAGE 0 ADA4051-2 TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. –100 VIN = 0.5V VIN = 1V VIN = 1.7V 1kΩ CHANNEL SEPARATION (dB) –110 –120 –130 –140 VSY = 1.8V G = –100 RL= 10kΩ CL= 50pF 200 2k 20k FREQUENCY (Hz) –110 –120 –130 –140 VSY = 5V G = –100 RL= 10kΩ CL = 50pF –150 20 200 1.5 5 OUTPUT SWING (V) 6 1.2 0.9 0.6 4 3 2 VSY = 1.8V VIN = 1.7V G=1 RL= 10kΩ CL = 50pF 1 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) VSY = 5V VIN = 4.9V G=1 RL= 10kΩ CL = 50pF 0 100 08056-051 0 100 20k Figure 53. Channel Separation vs. Frequency 1.8 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 51. Output Swing vs. Frequency Figure 54. Output Swing vs. Frequency VSY = ±2.5V G=1 RL= NO LOAD CL = NO LOAD VOLTAGE (1V/DIV) VSY = ±0.9V G=1 RL= NO LOAD CL = NO LOAD VOUT VOUT VIN VIN TIME (200µs/DIV) 08056-052 VOLTAGE (500mV/DIV) OUTPUT SWING (V) Figure 50. Channel Separation vs. Frequency 0.3 2k FREQUENCY (Hz) TIME (200µs/DIV) Figure 55. No Phase Reversal Figure 52. No Phase Reversal Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 20 08056-055 –150 20 VIN = 1V VIN = 3V VIN = 4.99V 100kΩ 08056-050 CHANNEL SEPARATION (dB) 1kΩ 08056-053 100kΩ 08056-054 –100 ADA4051-2 THEORY OF OPERATION Auto-zeroing and chopping are widely used for a high precision CMOS amplifier to achieve low offset, low offset drift, and no 1/f noise. Auto-zeroing and chopping both have pros and cons. Auto-zeroing gets more in-band noise due to aliasing introduced by sampling. Chopping has offset-related ripple, because it modulates the initial offset associated with the amplifier up to its chopping frequency. To accomplish the best noise vs. power trade-off, the chopping technique is the right approach to design a low offset amplifier. It is preferable to suppress the offset-related ripple in a chopper amplifier in the amplifier itself, which otherwise must be eliminated by an extra off-chip post filter. Figure 56 shows the block diagram design of the ADA4051-2 chopper amplifier, employing a local feedback loop called auto correction feedback (ACFB). The main signal path contains an input chopping switch network (CHOP1), a first transconductance amplifier (Gm1), an output chopping switch network (CHOP2), a second transconductance amplifier (Gm2), and a third transconductance amplifier (Gm3). CHOP1 and CHOP2 operate at 40 kHz of chopping frequency to modulate the initial offset and 1/f noise from Gm1 up to the chopping frequency. A fourth transconductance amplifier (Gm4) in the ACFB senses the modulated ripple at the output of CHOP2, caused by the initial offset voltage of Gm1. Then, the ripple is demodulated down to a dc domain through a third chopping switch network (CHOP3), operating with the same chopping clock as CHOP1 and CHOP2. Finally, a null transconductance amplifier (Gm5) tries to null out any dc component at the output of Gm1, which would otherwise appear in the overall output as ripple. A switched capacitor notch filter (NF) functions to selectively suppress the undesired offset-related ripple, without disturbing the desired input signal from the overall input. The desired input dc signal appears as a dc signal at CHOP2’s output. Then, it is modulated up to the chopping frequency by CHOP3 and filtered out by the NF. Therefore, it does not create any feedback and does not disturb the desired input signal. The NF is synchronized with the chopping clock to perfectly filter out the modulated component. In the same manner, the offset of Gm5 is filtered out by the combination of CHOP3 and the NF, enabling accurate ripple sensing at the output of CHOP2. In parallel with the high dc gain path, a feedforward transconductance amplifier (Gm6) is added to bypass the phase shift introduced by the ACFB at the chopping frequency. The Gm6 is designed to have the same transconductance as the Gm1 to avoid the pole-zero doublets. Such design avoids any instability introduced by the ACFB in the overall feedback loop. CHOP1 Gm1 CHOP2 Gm2 +IN C2 Gm3 OUT –IN Rev. 0 | Page 15 of 20 C3 Gm5 C1 NF CHOP3 Gm4 Gm6 (= Gm1) 08056-060 The ADA4051-2 micropower chopper operational amplifier features a novel patent-pending technique that suppresses offset-related ripple in a chopper amplifier. It nulls out the amplifier’s initial offset in the dc domain that otherwise becomes a ripple at the overall output, instead of filtering the ripple in the ac domain. Figure 56. ADA4051-2 Chopper Amplifier Block Diagram ADA4051-2 The voltage noise density is essentially flat from dc to the chopping frequency, whose level is just the thermal noise floor dominated by the Gm1, without receiving any addition due to the ACFB. Although the ACFB suppresses the ripple related to the chopping, there is a remaining voltage ripple. To further suppress the remaining ripple down to a desired level, it is recommended to have a post filter at the output of the amplifier. The remaining voltage ripple is composed of two ingredients. The first ripple’s ingredient is due to the residual ripple associated with the initial offset of the Gm1. It is proportional to the magnitude of the initial offset and creates a spectrum at the chopping frequency (fCHOP). When the amplifier is configured as a unity gain buffer, this ripple has a typical value of 4.9 μV rms and a maximum of 34.7 μV rms. The second ripple’s ingredient is due to the intermodulation between the high frequency input signal and the chopping frequency. It depends on the input frequency (fIN) and creates a spectrum at frequencies equal to the difference between the chopping frequency and the input frequency (fCHOP − fIN) and at their summation (fCHOP + fIN). The magnitude of the ripple for different input frequencies is shown in Figure 57. 400 300 200 100 0 • • • • Considerable suppression of the offset-related ripple No affect on the desired input signal as long as its frequency is much lower than the chopping frequency shown in Figure 57 Achievement of low offset similar to a conventional chopper amplifier No introduction of excess noise The ADA4051-2 chopper amplifier provides rail-to-rail input range with 1.8 V to 5.5 V supply voltage range and 20 μA supply current consumption over the −40°C to +125°C extended industrial temperature range. The gain bandwidth is 125 kHz as a unity gain stable amplifier up to 100 pF load capacitance. INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE The ADA4051-2 has internal ESD protection diodes. These diodes are connected between the inputs and each supply rail to protect the input MOSFETs against an electrical discharge event and are normally reversed-biased. This protection scheme allows voltages as high as approximately 0.3 V beyond the supplies (±VSY ± 0.3 V) to be applied at the input of either terminal without causing permanent damage. If either input exceeds either supply rail by more than 0.3 V, these ESD diodes become forward-biased and large amounts of current begin to flow through them. Without current limiting, this excessive current causes permanent damage to the device. If the inputs are expected to be subject to overvoltage conditions, install a resistor in series with each input to limit the input current to 10 mA maximum. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INPUT FREQUENCY (kHz) 8 9 10 08056-063 MODULATED OUTPUT RIPPLE (µV rms) 500 The design architecture of the ADA4051-2 specifically targets precision signal conditioning applications requiring accurate and stable performance from dc to 10 Hz bandwidth. In summary, the main features of the ADA4051-2 chopper amplifier are Figure 57. ADA4051-2 Modulated Output Ripple vs. Input Frequency The ADA4051-2 also has internal circuitry that protects the input stage from high differential voltages. This circuitry is composed of internal 1.33 kΩ resistors in series with each input and backto-back diode-connected N-MOSFETs (with a typical VT of 0.7 V for VCM of 0 V) after these series resistors. Under normal negative feedback operating conditions, the ADA4051-2 amplifier corrects its output to ensure the two inputs are at the same voltage. However, if the device is configured as a comparator or is under some unusual operating condition, the input voltages may be forced to different potentials, which may cause excessive current to flow through the internal diode-connected NMOSFETs. Although the ADA4051-2 is a rail-to-rail input amplifier, take care to ensure that the potential difference between the inputs does not exceed ±VSY to avert permanent damage to the device. Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 20 ADA4051-2 OUTPUT PHASE REVERSAL Output phase reversal occurs in some amplifiers when the input common-mode voltage range is exceeded. As a common-mode voltage moves outside the common-mode range, the outputs of these amplifiers can suddenly jump in the opposite direction to the supply rail. This usually occurs when one of the internal stages of the amplifier no longer has sufficient bias voltage across it and subsequently turns off. The ADA4051-2 amplifier has been carefully designed to prevent any output phase reversal, provided both inputs are maintained approximately within 0.3 V above and below the supply voltages (±VSY ± 0.3 V). If one or both inputs exceed the input voltage range but remain within the ±VSY ± 0.3 V range, an internal loop opens and the output remains in saturation mode, without phase reversal, until the input voltage is brought back to within the input voltage range limits as is shown in Figure 52 and Figure 55. Rev. 0 | Page 17 of 20 ADA4051-2 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 3.20 3.00 2.80 8 3.20 3.00 2.80 1 5 5.15 4.90 4.65 4 PIN 1 0.65 BSC 0.95 0.85 0.75 1.10 MAX 0.15 0.00 0.38 0.22 COPLANARITY 0.10 0.23 0.08 8° 0° 0.80 0.60 0.40 SEATING PLANE COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-187-AA Figure 58. 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package [MSOP] (RM-8) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model ADA4051-2ARMZ 1 ADA4051-2ARMZ-R71 ADA4051-2ARMZ-RL1 1 Temperature Range −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C Package Description 8-Lead MSOP 8-Lead MSOP 8-Lead MSOP Z = RoHS Compliant Part. Rev. 0 | Page 18 of 20 Package Option RM-8 RM-8 RM-8 Branding A2M A2M A2M ADA4051-2 NOTES Rev. 0 | Page 19 of 20 ADA4051-2 NOTES ©2009 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D08056-0-7/09(0) Rev. 0 | Page 20 of 20