IRF IR3638SPBF

Data Sheet No.PD94724
IR3638SPbF
HIGH FREQUENCY SYNCHRONOUS PWM BUCK CONTROLLER
FOR TRACKING APPLIACTIONS
Features
Description
•
•
•
•
•
•
The IR3638 controller IC is designed to provide a
simple synchronous Buck regulator for on-board
DC to DC applications in a 14-pin SOIC. The
IR3638 is designed specifically for tracking
applications by providing the track input.
The IR3638 operates at a fixed internal 400kHz
switching frequency allowing the use of small
external components.
The device features a programmable soft start set
by an external capacitor, under-voltage lockout
and output under-voltage detection that latches
off the device when an output short is detected.
Power up Sequencing / Tracking
Enable Input
Internal 400kHz Oscillator
Programmable Soft-Start
Fixed Frequency Voltage Mode
Output Voltage as low as 0.6V
Applications
•
•
•
•
•
Tracking Applications
Game Consoles
Computing Peripheral Voltage Regulators
Graphics Cards
General DC/DC Converters
12V
5V
C3
C2
C1
Vc
Vcc
Q1
HDrv
V_CPUCore
LDrv
SS
L1
D1
Vp / Enable
Vout
C7
Q2
PGnd
C6
R1
Fb
Comp
C4
Gnd
R2
C5
R3
Fig. 1: Typical Application Circuit
ORDERING INFORMATION
PKG
PACKAGE
DESIG DESCRIPTION
S
IR3638STRPbF
3/19/07
PIN
PARTS
PARTS
COUNT PER TUBE PER REEL
14
---2500
T&R
ORIANTAION
Figure A
IR3638SPbF
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Caution: Stresses beyond those listed below may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress
ratings only and function of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the
operational sections of the specifications is not implied.
(Voltages referenced to GND)
•
Vcc Supply Voltage ................................................… -0.5V to 16V
•
Vc Supply Voltage …………………………………… -0.5V to 25V
•
Storage Temperature Range ..................................... -65°C To 150°C
•
Operating Junction Temperature Range ................... 0°C To 150°C
•
ESD Classification …………………………………..… JEDEC, JESD22-A114
•
Moisture Sensitivity Level ……………………………. JEDEC Level 2 @ 260oC
Package Information
Fb 1
14 NC
VP 2
13 SS
NC 3
12 Comp
Vcc 4
11 NC
NC 5
10 Vc
LDrv 6
9 HDrv
Gnd 7
8 PGnd
14-Pin SOIC NB (S)
ΘJA = 88o C/W
3/19/07
2
IR3638SPbF
Block Diagram
250mV
Vcc 4
4.25V
POR
50mV
10 Vc
0.65V
3V
Ramp
22uA
Oscillator
9 HDrv
S
SS 13
POR
Q
Error Comp
64uA
Vcc
R
Reset Dom
VP 2
Fb 1
Comp 12
25K
25K
6 LDrv
Error Amp
0.4V
FbLo Comp
POR
8 PGnd
2V
7 Gnd
SS
Pre-Bias
Comparator
Fig. 2: Simplified block diagram of the IR3638
3/19/07
3
IR3638SPbF
Pin Description
Pin
Name
Description
1
Fb
2
Vp / Enable
3
4
NC
Vcc
5
6
NC
LDrv
Inverting input to the error amplifier. This pin is connected to the output of
the regulator via resistor divider to set the output voltage and provide
feedback to the error amplifier.
Dual function pin.
Non inverting input to the error amplifier.
Enable input.
No Connect
This pin provides power for the internal blocks of the IC as well as powers
the low side driver. A minimum of 0.1uF, high frequency capacitor must
be connected from this pin to power ground.
No Connect
Output driver for low side MOSFET.
7
Gnd
IC ground for internal control circuitry.
8
PGnd
Power Ground. This pin serves as a separate ground for the MOSFET
drivers and should be connected to the system’s power ground plane.
9
HDrv
10
Vc
Output driver for high side MOSFET. The negative voltage at this pin may
cause instability for the gate drive circuit. To prevent this, a low forward
voltage drop diode (e.g. BAT54 or 1N4148) is required between this pin
and Power Ground.
This pin powers the high side driver.
11
NC
No Connect
12
Comp
13
SS
14
NC
3/19/07
Output of error amplifier. An external resistor and capacitor network is
typically connected from this pin to ground to provide loop compensation.
Soft start. This pin provides user programmable soft-start function.
Connect an external capacitor from this pin to ground to set the start up
time of the output voltage.
No Connect
4
IR3638SPbF
Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol
Definition
Vcc
Vc
Tj
Supply Voltage
Supply Voltage
Junction Temperature
Min
Max
Units
5
Converter Voltage + 5V
0
13.2
20
125
V
V
o
C
Electrical Specifications
Unless otherwise specified, these specification apply over Vcc=Vc=12V, 0oC<Tj< 125oC
Parameter
SYM
Test Condition
Min
TYP
MAX
Units
Supply Current
VCC Supply Current
(Static)
VCC Supply Current
(Dynamic)
VC Supply Current (Static)
VC Supply Current
(Dynamic)
ICC(Static)
Enable=0V, No Switching
6.5
10
mA
ICC(Dynamic)
Fs=400kHz, CLOAD=1.5nF
15
25
mA
IC(Static)
Enable=0V, No Switching
3.3
10
mA
IC(Dynamic)
Fs=400kHz, CLOAD=1.5nF
13
20
mA
4.0
3.8
0.2
0.6
0.56
25
0.3
4.25
4.0
0.25
0.65
0.6
42.5
0.4
4.5
4.2
0.35
0.7
0.66
60
0.5
V
mV
V
360
400
440
kHz
Under Voltage Lockout
Vcc-Start-Threshold
Vcc-Stop-Threshold
Vcc-Hysteresis
Enable-Start-Threshold
Enable-Stop-Threshold
Enable-Hysteresis
Fb_UVLO
Vcc UVLO(R)
Vcc UVLO(F)
Vcc(Hyst)
En UVLO (R)
En UVLO (F)
En(Hyst)
Fb_UVLO
Supply ramping up
Supply ramping down
Supply ramping up and down
Supply ramping up
Supply ramping down
Supply ramping up and down
Fb ramping down
V
V
Oscillator
Frequency
FS
Ramp Amplitude
Vramp
Note1
Min Duty Cycle
Dmin
Fb=1V, Vp=0.8V
Max Duty Cycle
Dmax
Fs=400kHz, Fb=0.6V,
Vp=0.8V
Fb Input Bias Current
IFB1
Fb Input Bias current
1.25
V
0
%
85
95
%
SS=3V
-0.1
-0.5
μA
IFB2
SS=0V
64
Vp Input Bias Current
Ivp
SS=3V
-0.1
Transconductance
gm
Input Offset Voltage
Vos
81
Error Amplifier
Vp Common Mode Range
440
Vp=0.8V
Vcomn
-6
0.6
0
uA
-0.5
uA
1300
μmho
+6
mV
1.5
V
Note1: Guaranteed by Design but not tested in production.
3/19/07
5
IR3638SPbF
Electrical Specifications
Unless otherwise specified, these specification apply over Vcc=Vc=12V, 0oC<Tj< 125oC
Parameter
SYM
Test Condition
Min
TYP
MAX
Units
12
22
32
μA
1.8
2
2.2
V
Soft Start
Soft Start Current
ISS
SS=0V
Soft Start Turn On
SS (on)
Output Drivers
LO, Drive Rise Time
Tr(Lo)
CL=1.5nF, See Fig 3
30
60
ns
HI Drive Rise Time
Tr(Hi)
CL=1.5nF, See Fig 3
30
60
ns
LO Drive Fall Time
Tf(Lo)
CL=1.5nF, See Fig 3
30
60
ns
HI Drive Fall Time
Tf(Hi)
CL=1.5nF, See Fig 3
30
60
ns
Dead Band Time
Tdead
See Fig 3
90
150
ns
Tr
35
Tf
9V
High Side Driver
(HDrv)
2V
Tr
Tf
9V
Low Side Driver
(LDrv)
2V
Deadband
H_to_L
Deadband
L_to_H
Fig. 3: Definition of Rise/Fall time and Deadband Time
3/19/07
6
IR3638SPbF
Circuit Description
THEORY OF OPEARTION
Introduction
Error Amplifier
The IR3638 is a voltage mode PWM
synchronous controller and operates with a fixed
400kHz switching frequency, allowing the use of
small external components. The output voltage is
set by feedback pin (Fb) and the external
reference voltage (Vp). These are two inputs to
error amplifier. The error signal between these
two inputs is compared to a fixed frequency
linear sawtooth ramp and generates fixed
frequency pulses of variable duty-cycle (D) which
drivers N-channel external MOSFETs.
The IR3638 is a voltage mode controller. The
error amplifier is of transconductance type and it
is capable of operating with Type III
compensation control scheme using low ESR
output capacitance.
The timing of the IC is controlled by an internal
oscillator circuit that uses on-chip capacitor to set
the switching frequency.
Short Circuit Protection
The output is protected against the short-circuit.
The IR3638 protects the circuit for shorted output
by sensing the output voltage (through the
external resistor divider). The device shuts down
the PWM signals and latches off when the output
voltage drops below 0.4V.
Start Up / Down Considerations
Under-Voltage Lockout
The under-voltage lockout circuit monitors the
Vcc and Enable input and assures that the
MOSFET driver outputs remain in the off state
whenever the Vcc or Enable voltages drop below
set thresholds.
Pre-Bias Startup
IR3638 is able to start up into pre-charged
output,
which
prevents
oscillation
and
disturbances of the output voltage.
The output starts in asynchronous fashion and
keeps the synchronous MOSFET off until the soft
start reaches about 2.0V. Figure 4 shows a
typical Pre-Bias condition at start up.
Depends on system configuration, specific
amount of output capacitors may be required to
prevent discharging the output voltage.
The “Typical Application” on page1 shows a
standard configuration where multiple input
supplies are available.
This configuration minimizes the required extra
components compared with a single input supply
configuration. As it is shown the converter
voltage (Bus Voltage) is set to 5V while the IC
including the gate driver voltage are biased with
12V supply.
In order to maintain a proper start up, it is
required that the Bus Voltage ramps up first
followed by Vcc, Vc supply.
The system will be enabled when the Vp voltage
passes the under voltage lock out threshold.
Figure 5 shows start up / down sequencing.
5V Bus Voltage
V
Vo
12V (Vcc, Vc)
0.65V
Pre-Bias Voltage
(Output Voltage before startup)
0.60V
V_CPUCore (Vp of IR3638)
POR of IR3638
Time
SS (IR3638)
Fig. 4: Pre-Bias start up
Vout
Fig. 5: Start Up / Down Sequence
(Refer to Figure1)
3/19/07
7
IR3638SPbF
Soft-Start
The IR3638 has programmable soft-start to
control the output voltage rise and limit the inrush
current during start-up.
To ensure correct start-up, the soft-start
sequence initiates when Vcc and Enable rise
above their threshold and generate the Power On
Ready (POR) signal. The soft-start function
operates by sourcing current to charge an
external capacitor to about 3V.
Initially, the soft-start function clamps the output
of error amplifier by injecting a current (64uA)
into the Fb pin and generates a voltage about
1.6V (64ux25K) across the negative input of error
amplifier (see figure 6).
The magnitude of the injected current is inversely
proportional to the voltage at the soft-start pin. As
the soft-start voltage ramps up, the injected
current decreases linearly and so does the
voltage at negative input of error amplifier.
When the soft-start capacitor is around 1V, the
voltage at the negative input of the error amplifier
is approximately 0.8V (32uAx25K).
As soon as the Fb reaches the Vp voltage, the
output of error amplifier will start increasing and
generating the first PWM signal. As the soft-start
capacitor voltage continues to ramp up, the
current flowing into the Fb pin will keep
decreasing.
The feedback voltage increases linearly as the
soft start voltage ramps up. When soft-start
voltage is around 2V the output voltage is
reached the steady state and the injected current
is zero.
3V
22uA
SS/SD
64uA
POR
Comp
25K
25K
Fb
Fig. 6: Soft-Start circuit for IR3638
Output of UVLO
POR
3V
≅2V
≅1V
Soft-Start
Voltage
Current flowing
into Fb pin
0V
64uA
0uA
Voltage at negative input ≅1.6V
of Error Amp
Figure 7 shows the theoretical operational
waveforms during soft-start.
The output voltage start-up time is the time
period when soft-start capacitor voltage
increases from 1V to 2V.
The start-up time will be dependent on the size of
the external soft-start capacitor and can be
estimate by:
T
22μA ∗ start = 2V −1V
Css
Error Amp
Vp
0.8V
Vp=0.8V
Voltage at Fb pin
0V
Fig. 7: Theoretical operation waveforms
during soft-start
For a given start-up time, the soft-start capacitor
(nF) can be estimated as:
CSS ≅ 22μA * Tstart (ms)
3/19/07
--(1)
8
IR3638SPbF
Application Information
Soft-Start Programming
Design Example:
The soft-start timing can be programmed by
selecting the soft-start capacitance value. The
start-up time of the converter can be calculated
by using:
The following is a design of typical application for
IR3638. The application circuit is shown on page
14.
Vin = 5V
CSS ≅ 22μA * Tstart
--(1)
Where Tstart is the desired start-up time (ms)
For a start-up time of 5ms, the soft-start
capacitor will be 0.1uF. Choose a ceramic
capacitor at 0.1uF.
Vcc = Vc = 12V
Vp = 1V
Vo = 1.2V
Io = 6 A
Input Capacitor Selection
ΔVo ≤ 30 mV
Output Voltage Programming
Output voltage is programmed by Vp voltage and
external voltage divider. The Fb pin is the
inverting input of the error amplifier, which is
externally referenced to Vp. The divider is set to
provide a voltage equal to Vp (in this case 1V)
when the output is at its desired value. The
output voltage is defined by using the following
equation:
⎛
R ⎞
Vo = Vp ∗ ⎜⎜1 + 1 ⎟⎟ --( 2 )
R2 ⎠
⎝
When an external resistor divider is connected to
the output as shown in figure 8.
The input filter capacitor should be selected
based on how much ripple the supply can
tolerate on the DC input line. The ripple current
generated during the on time of upper MOSFET
should be provided by input capacitor. The RMS
value of this ripple is expressed by:
IRMS = Io ∗ D ∗ (1 − D )
Where:
--(4 )
D=
Vo
Vin
D is the Duty Cycle
IRMS is the RMS value of the input capacitor
current.
Io is the output current.
For Io=6A and D=0.24, the IRMS=2.6A.
VOUT
IR3638
R1
Fb
R2
Fig. 8: Typical application of the IR3638 for
programming the output voltage
Equation (2) can be rewritten as:
⎛ Vp ⎞
⎟
R2 = R1 ∗ ⎜⎜
⎟
⎝ V O−Vp ⎠
--( 3 )
Select R1 =1kOhm, this will result in R2=5kOhm.
Ceramic capacitors are recommended due to
their peak current capabilities, they also feature
low ESR and ESL at higher frequency which
enhance better efficiency,
Use two 10uF, 16V ceramic capacitor from
Panasonic.
Inductor Selection
The inductor is selected based on output power,
operating frequency and efficiency requirements.
Low inductor value causes large ripple current,
resulting in the smaller size, faster response to a
load transient but poor efficiency and high output
noise. Generally, the selection of inductor value
can be reduced to desired maximum ripple
current in the inductor ( Δi ) . The optimum point is
usually found between 20% and 50% ripple of
the output current.
Select the closest Standard value of 4.99kOhm.
3/19/07
9
IR3638SPbF
Inductor Selection (Cont..)
For the buck converter, the inductor value for
desired operating ripple current can be
determined using the following relation:
Vin − Vo = L ∗
It is recommended to select output capacitor with
low enough ESR to meet output voltage ripple
and step load transient requirements.
Δi
1
; Δt = D ∗
Fs
Δt
PosCap capacitors offer low ESR with large
storage capacity per unit volume. These
capacitors offer a cost effective output capacitor
solution.
Vo
Vin ∗ Δi * Fs
Sanyo 2R5TPF470M (2.5V, 470uF, 10mOhm) is
selected for this design.
L = (Vin − Vo ) ∗
--(5 )
Equation (6) can be used to calculate the
required ESR for the specific voltage ripple.
Vin = Maximum input voltage
Vo = Output Voltage
Δi = Inductor ripple current
One Capacitor would meet the voltage ripple
requirement.
F s= Switching frequency
Power MOSFET Selection
Δt = Turn on time
D = Duty cycle
If Δi ≈ 40%(Io ) , then the output inductor will be:
L = 0.95uH
The coilcraft DO3316H-102ML (1uH,
6mOhm) is suitable for this application.
10A,
Output Capacitor Selection
The voltage ripple and transient requirements
determines the output capacitors types and
values. The criteria is normally based on the
value of the Effective Series Resistance (ESR).
However the actual capacitance value and the
Equivalent Series Inductance (ESL) are other
contributing components, these components can
be described as:
ΔVo = ΔVo(ESR) + ΔVo(ESL) + ΔVo(C )
The IR3638 uses two N-Channel MOSFETs. The
selections criteria to meet power transfer
requirements is based on maximum drain-source
voltage (VDSS), gate-source drive voltage (Vgs),
maximum output current, On-resistance RDS(on)
and thermal management.
The MOSFET must have a maximum operating
voltage (VDSS) exceeding the maximum input
voltage (Vin).
The gate drive requirement is almost the same
for both MOSFETs. Logic-level transistor can be
used and caution should be taken with devices at
very low Vgs to prevent undesired turn-on of the
complementary MOSFET, which results a shootthrough current.
The total power dissipation for MOSFETs
includes conduction and switching losses. For
the Buck converter the average inductor current
is equal to the DC load current. The conduction
loss is defined as:
2
Pcond = (upper switch)= Iload
∗ Rds(on) ∗ D ∗ ϑ
ΔVo(ESR) = ΔIL * ESR
- -(6)
2
Pcond = (lower switch)= Iload
∗ Rds(on) ∗ (1 − D) ∗ϑ
ϑ = Rds(on) temperature dependency
⎛Vin ⎞
⎟ * ESL
⎝L⎠
ΔVo(ESL) = ⎜
ΔVo(C ) =
ΔIL
8 * Co * Fs
ΔVo = Output voltage ripple
ΔIL = Inductor ripple current
3/19/07
The RDS(on) temperature dependency should be
considered for the worst case operation. This is
typically given in the MOSFET data sheet.
Ensure that the conduction losses and switching
losses do not exceed the package ratings or
violate the overall thermal budget.
For this design, IRF8910 is a good choice. The
device provides two N-MOSFETs in a compact
SO-8 package.
10
IR3638SPbF
Power MOSFET Selection (Cont..)
Feedback Compensation
The IRF8910 has the following data:
The IR3638 is a voltage mode controller; the
control loop is a single voltage feedback path
including error amplifier and error comparator. To
achieve fast transient response and accurate
output regulation, a compensation circuit is
necessary. The goal of the compensation
network is to provide a closed loop transfer
function with the highest 0dB crossing frequency
and adequate phase margin (greater than 45o).
Vds = 20V, Id = 10A
Rds(on) = 13.4mΩ @Vgs = 10V
The conduction losses will be: Pcon=0.724W
The switching loss is more difficult to calculate,
even though the switching transition is well
understood. The reason is the effect of the
parasitic components and switching times during
the switching procedures such as turn-on / turnoff delays and rise and fall times. The control
MOSFET contributes to the majority of the
switching losses in synchronous Buck converter.
The synchronous MOSFET turns on under zero
voltage conditions, therefore, the turn on losses
for synchronous MOSFET can be neglected.
With a linear approximation, the total switching
loss can be expressed as:
The output LC filter introduces a double pole, –
40dB/decade gain slope above its corner
resonant frequency, and a total phase lag of 180o
(see figure 10). The resonant frequency of the LC
filter expressed as follows:
FLC =
1
- - - (8)
2 ∗ π Lo ∗ Co
Figure 10 shows gain and phase of the LC filter.
Since we already have 180o phase shift just from
the output filter, the system risks being unstable.
V
t +t
Psw = ds(off ) * r f * Iload - - - (7)
T
2
Where:
V ds(off) = Drain to source voltage at the off time
tr = Rise time
tf = Fall time
T = Switching period
Iload = Load current
The switching time waveforms is shown in
figure9.
VDS
90%
Gain
Phase
0
0dB
-40dB/decade
FLC Frequency
-180
FLC
Frequency
Fig. 10: Gain and Phase of LC filter
The IR3638’s error amplifier is a differential-input
transconductance amplifier. The output is
available for DC gain control and AC phase
compensation.
10%
VGS
td(ON)
tr
td(OFF)
tf
Fig. 9: switching time waveforms
From IRF8910 data sheet:
tr = 10ns, tf = 4.1ns
These values are taken under a certain condition
test. For more details please refer to the IRF8910
data sheet.
By using equation (7), we can calculate the
switching losses. Psw=0.37W
3/19/07
The error amplifier can be compensated either in
type II or typeIII compensation. When it is used in
typeII compensation the transconductance
properties of the error amplifier become evident
and can be used to cancel one of the output filter
poles. This will be accomplished with a series RC
circuit from Comp pin to ground as shown in
figure 11.
This method requires that the output capacitor
should have enough ESR to satisfy stability
requirements. In general the output capacitor’s
ESR generates a zero typically at 5kHz to 50kHz
which is essential for an acceptable phase
margin.
11
IR3638SPbF
The ESR zero of the output capacitor expressed
as follows:
1
FESR =
- - - (9)
2 ∗ π * ESR * Co
VOUT
R1
Fb
To cancel one of the LC filter poles, place the
zero before the LC filter resonant frequency pole:
Fz = 75%FLC
Fz = 0.75 *
- - - (14)
Using equations (15) and (16) to calculate C9.
E/A
R2
Comp
Ve
C4
VREF
R3
CPOLE
Gain(dB)
One more capacitor is sometimes added in
parallel with C4 and R3. This introduces one
more pole which is mainly used to suppress the
switching noise.
The additional pole is given by:
H(s) dB
FP =
FZ
Frequency
The transfer function (Ve/Vo) is given by:
⎛
R9 ⎞ 1 + sR3C4
⎟*
H(s) = ⎜⎜ gm *
- - - (10)
R9 + R8 ⎟⎠
sC4
⎝
The (s) indicates that the transfer function varies
as a function of frequency. This configuration
introduces a gain and zero, expressed by:
[H(s)] = ⎛⎜⎜ g
⎝
m
*
R9 ⎞
⎟ * R3 - - - (11)
R9 + R8 ⎟⎠
1
2π * R3 * C4
1
C *C
2π * R3 * 4 POLE
C4 + CPOLE
The pole sets to one half of switching frequency
which results in the capacitor CPOLE:
Fig. 11: TypeII compensation network
and its asymptotic gain plot
Fz =
1
2π Lo * Co
- - - (12)
The gain is determined by the voltage divider and
error amplifier’s transconductance gain.
First select the desired zero-crossover frequency
(Fo):
Fo > FESR and Fo ≤ (1/5 ~ 1/10) * Fs
CPOLE =
1
1
π * R3 * Fs −
C4
For FP <<
≅
1
π * R3 * Fs
- - - (15)
Fs
2
Based on the frequency of the zero generated by
output capacitor and its ESR versus crossover
frequency, the compensation type can be
different. The table below shows the
compensation types and location of crossover
frequency.
Compensator
type
FESR vs. Fo
Output
capacitor
TypII(PI)
FLC<FESR<Fo<Fs/2
Electrolytic
, Tantalum
TypeIII(PID)
Method A
FLC<Fo<FESR<Fs/2
Tantalum,
ceramic
TypeIII(PID)
Method B
FLC<Fo<Fs/2<FESR
Ceramic
Use the following equation to calculate R3:
R3 =
Vosc * Fo * FESR * (R1 + R2 )
Vin * FLC2 * R2 * gm
- - - (13)
Where:
Vin = Maximum Input Voltage
Vosc = Oscillator Ramp Voltage
Fo = Crossover Frequency
FESR = Zero Frequency of the Output Capacitor
FLC = Resonant Frequency of the Output Filter
R1 and R2 = Feedback Resistor Dividers
gm = Error Amplifier Transconductance
3/19/07
Table1- The compensation type and location
of FESR versus Fo
The details of these compensation types are
discussed in application note AN-1043 which can
be downloaded from IR Web-Site.
12
IR3638SPbF
For this design we have:
Vin=5V
Vo=1.2V
Vosc=1.25V
Vp=1.0V
gm=450umoh
Lo=1.0uH
Co=1x470uF, ESR=10mOhm
Fs=400kHz
These result to:
FLC=7.3kHz
FESR=33.8kHz
Fs/2=200kHz
Select crossover frequency:
Fo=40kHz
Since: FLC<FESR<Fo<Fs/2, typeII compensation is
selected to place the poles and zeros.
Using equations 12, 13 and 15 will result to the
following compensation values:
R3 =
Vosc * Fo * FESR * (R1 + R2 )
Vin * FLC2 * R2 * gm
- - - (13)
R3 = 16.76K, Select R3 = 16.2K
Fz =
1
2π * R3 * C4
Layout Consideration
The layout is very important when designing high
frequency switching converters. Layout will affect
noise pickup and can cause a good design to
perform with less than expected results.
Start to place the power components, make all
the connection in the top layer with wide, copper
filled areas.
The inductor, output capacitor and the MOSFET
should be close to each other as possible. This
helps to reduce the EMI radiated by the power
traces due to the high switching currents through
them. Place input capacitor directly to the drain of
the high-side MOSFET, to reduce the ESR
replace the single input capacitor with two
parallel units.
The feedback part of the system should be kept
away from the inductor and other noise sources.
The critical bypass components such as
capacitors for Vcc and Vc should be close to
respective pins. It is important to place the
feedback components include feedback resistors
and compensation components close to Fb and
Comp pins.
In multilayer PCB use one layer as power ground
plane and have a control circuit ground (analog
ground), to which all signals are referenced. The
goal is to localize the high current path to a
separate loop that does not interfere with the
more sensitive analog control function. These two
grounds must be connected together on the PC
board layout at a single point.
- - - (12)
C4 = 1.78nF, Select C4 = 1.8nF
CPOLE ≅
1
π * R3 * Fs
- - - (15)
CPOLE = 49 pF , Select CPOLE ≤ 22 pF
3/19/07
13
IR3638SPbF
12V
5V
C2=1uF
C1=1uF
Q=IRF8910
Vc
Vcc
C3=2x22uF (ceramic)
HDrv
External Supply
1V
D1
Vp / Enable
L1
C7=1x470uF, 10mOhm
(PosCap)
LDrv
SS
PGnd
C6=0.1uF
Vout=1.2V @ 6A
DO3316H-102ML
R1=1K
Fb
Comp
C4=1.8nF
Gnd
R2=4.99K
C5=22pF
R3=16.2K
Fig.16: Application circuit for 5V to 1.2V @ 6A
3/19/07
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IR3638SPbF
1
1
1
Figure A
IR WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 233 Kansas St., El Segundo, California 90245, USA Tel: (310) 252-7105
TAC Fax: (310) 252-7903
This product has been designed and qualified for the Consumer market.
Visit us at www.irf.com for sales contact information
Data and specifications subject to change without notice. 5/31/2007
3/19/07
15