LVL1 LXT318

'$7$ 6+((7
0$< ìääç
/;7êìå
ì
(ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
*HQHUDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
)HDWXUHV
7KH /;7êìå LV WKH ILUVW IXOO\ LQWHJUDWHG WUDQVFHLYHU IRU (ì
1HWZRUN 7HUPLQDWLRQ 8QLW õ178ô DQG ,6'1 3ULPDU\ 5DWH
,QWHUIDFH õ,6'1 35,ô DSSOLFDWLRQV DW ëïíéå 0ESVï 7KH
WUDQVFHLYHU RSHUDWHV IURP íïí NP WR ëïç NP RI íïç PP
õëë $:*ô WZLVWHGðSDLU FDEOH ZLWK QR H[WHUQDO FRPSRQHQWVï
7KH /;7êìå RIIHUV VHOHFWDEOH +'%ê HQFRGLQJîGHFRGLQJñ
DQG XQLSRODU RU ELSRODU GDWD ,î2ï 7KH /;7êìå DOVR SURYLGHV
MLWWHU DWWHQXDWLRQ LQ HLWKHU WKH WUDQVPLW RU UHFHLYH GLUHFWLRQ
VWDUWLQJ DW ê +]ñ DQG LQFRUSRUDWHV D VHULDO LQWHUIDFH õ6,2ô IRU
PLFURSURFHVVRU FRQWUROï
7KH /;7êìå RIIHUV D YDULHW\ RI GLDJQRVWLF IHDWXUHV LQFOXGð
LQJ ORRSEDFNV DQG ORVV RI VLJQDO PRQLWRULQJï ,W LV EXLOW XVLQJ
DQ DGYDQFHG GRXEOHðSRO\ñ GRXEOHðPHWDO &026 SURFHVV DQG
UHTXLUHV RQO\ D VLQJOH èðYROW SRZHU VXSSO\ï
$SSOLFDWLRQV
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
3&0 êíî,6'1 35, ,QWHUIDFH õ,78 *ïæíêñ ,ïéêìô
178 õLQWHUIDFH WR (ì 6HUYLFHô
(ì 0X[ RU /$1 EULGJH ð &DPSXV 1HWZRUNLQJ
:LUHOHVV %DVH 6WDWLRQVî1HWZRUNLQJ
&38 WR &38 &KDQQHO ([WHQGHUV
'LJLWDO /RRS &DUULHU ¥ 6XEVFULEHU &DUULHU 6\VWHPV
&KDQQHO %DQNV
+'6/ ð (ì ([WHQVLRQ
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
)XOO\ LQWHJUDWHG WUDQVFHLYHU FRPSULVLQJã RQðFKLS
HTXDOL]HUâ WLPLQJ UHFRYHU\îFRQWUROâ GDWD SURFHVVRUâ
UHFHLYHUâ WUDQVPLWWHU DQG GLJLWDO FRQWURO
3LQ FRPSDWLEOH ZLWK WKH /;7êìí 7ì &68î,6'1 35,
õìïèéé 0ESVô WUDQVFHLYHU
0HHWV RU H[FHHGV ODWHVW ,78 VSHFLILFDWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ
*ïæíêñ *ïæêçñ *ïåëêñ DQG ,ïéêì
0HHWV (76, êíííìì DQG êííëêê VWDQGDUGV
-LWWHU DWWHQXDWLRQ VWDUWLQJ DW ê +]ñ VZLWFKDEOH WR
WUDQVPLW RU UHFHLYH SDWK
([FHHGV (76, 7%5ìëîìê MLWWHU WUDQVIHU SHUIRUPDQFH
VSHFLILFDWLRQV
)XOO\ UHVWRUHV WKH UHFHLYHG VLJQDO DIWHU WUDQVPLVVLRQ
YLD D FDEOH ZLWK DWWHQXDWLRQ RI éê G% # ìíëé N+]
6HOHFWDEOH 8QLSRODU RU %LSRODU GDWD ,î2
6HOHFWDEOH +'%ê HQFRGLQJîGHFRGLQJ
2XWSXW VKRUW FLUFXLW FXUUHQW OLPLW SURWHFWLRQ
0HHWV èí P$506 VKRUWðFLUFXLW FXUUHQW OLPLW
õSHU 2)7(/ 275ðííìô
2QðOLQH LGOH PRGH IRU WHVWLQJ RU IRU UHGXQGDQW V\VWHPV
/RFDO DQG UHPRWH ORRSEDFN IXQFWLRQV
5HFHLYH PRQLWRU ZLWK /RVV RI 6LJQDO õ/26ô RXWSXW
0LFURSURFHVVRU FRQWUROODEOH
$YDLODEOH LQ ëåðSLQ ',3 DQG 3/&&
([WHQGHG 7HPSHUDWXUH 5DQJH õðéíƒ & WR òåèƒ &ô
/;7êìå %ORFN 'LDJUDP
7&/.
7326
-$
õZKHQ
VHOHFWHGô
+'%ê
(1&2'(5
71(*
(QFRGHU
(QDEOH
75$160,7
7,0,1* $1'
&21752/
5/223
(QDEOH
;7$/,1
-,77(5
$77(18$725
;7$/287
/26
&/($5
//223 (QDEOH
5326
51(*
5&/.
1/223
,17
/26
L1
+'%ê
'(&2'(5
,1%$1' 1/223
'(7(&725
,17 352&(6625
/26 352&(6625
7,0,1* $1'
'$7$
5(&29(5<
5(&(,9(
&/2&.
*(1(5$725
12,6( ÷
&52667$/.
),/7(5
6/,&(56
÷ 3($. '(7(&7256
5(&(,9(
(48$/,=(5
æ
å
ä
ìí
ìé
/$71
*$,1
-$
õZKHQ
VHOHFWHGô
è
ìê
/2&$/
/223%$&.
(48$/,=(5
&21752/
5(027(
/223%$&.
é
ìë
&/.(
&6
6&/.
6',
6'2
6(5,$/
3257
-$6(/
'HFRGHU
(QDEOH
75,1*
7$26 (QDEOH
6HULDO :RUG
ê
ìì
77,3
/,1( '5,9(56
ë
ìè
57,3
55,1*
0&/.
êðêè
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
)LJXUH ìã /;7êìå 3LQ $VVLJQPHQWV
0&/.
ì
ëå
&/.(î7$26
7&/.
ë
ëæ
6&/.î//223
7326î7'$7$
ê
ëç
&6î5/223
71(*î8%6
é
ëè
6'2î*1'
02'(
è
ëé
6',î*1'
51(*î%39
ç
ëê
,17î1/223
5326î5'$7$
æ
ëë
5*1'
5&/.
å
ëì
59ò
;7$/,1
ä
ëí
55,1*
;7$/287
ìí
ìä
57,3
/;7êìå1(
-$6(/
ìì
ìå
/$71
/26
ìë
ìæ
*1'
77,3
ìê
ìç
75,1*
7*1'
ìé
ìè
79ò
0&/.
7&/.
7326î7'$7$
71(*î8%6
&/.(î7$26
6&/.î//223
&6î5/223
é
ê
ë
ì
ëå
ëæ
ëç
02'(
è
ëè
6'2î*1'
51(*î%39
ç
ëé
6',î*1'
5326î5'$7$
æ
ëê
,17î1/223
5&/.
å
ëë
5*1'
;7$/,1
ä
ëì
59ò
;7$/287
ìí
ëí
55,1*
-$6(/
ìì
ìä
57,3
/;7êìå3(
ìë
ìê
ìé
ìè
ìç
ìæ
ìå
/$71
*1'
75,1*
79ò
/26
77,3
7*1'
7DEOH ìã 3LQ 'HVFULSWLRQV
3LQ ú
6\PERO
,î2
'HVFULSWLRQ
ì
0&/.
,
0DVWHU &ORFNï $ ëïíéå 0+] FORFN LQSXW XVHG WR JHQHUDWH LQWHUQDO FORFNVï 8SRQ ORVV
RI 6LJQDO õ/26ôñ 5&/. LV GHULYHG IURP 0&/.ï ,I 0&/. LV QRW DSSOLHGñ WKLV SLQ
VKRXOG EH JURXQGHGï
ë
7&/.
,
7UDQVPLW &ORFNï 7UDQVPLW FORFN LQSXWï 7326 DQG 71(* DUH VDPSOHG RQ WKH IDOOLQJ
HGJH RI 7&/.ï *URXQG WKLV SLQ LI 7&/. LV QRW VXSSOLHGï
ê
7326î
7'$7$
,
é
71(*î8%6
,
7UDQVPLW 'DWD ,QSXWâ 'DWD ,QSXWî3RODULW\ 6HOHFWï ,QSXW IRU GDWD WR EH WUDQVPLWWHG
RQ WKH WZLVWHGðSDLU OLQHï 1RUPDOO\ñ SLQ ê LV 7326 DQG SLQ é LV 71(*ñ WKH SRVLWLYH DQG
QHJDWLYH VLGHV RI D ELSRODU LQSXW SDLUï +RZHYHUñ ZKHQ SLQ é LV KHOG +LJK IRU DW OHDVW
ìç 7&/. F\FOHV õHTXLYDOHQW WR ìè VXFFHVVLYH ELSRODU YLRODWLRQVôñ WKH /;7êìå
VZLWFKHV WR D XQLSRODU PRGHï 8QLSRODU PRGH SLQ IXQFWLRQV DUH OLVWHG LQ 7DEOH ëï
è
02'(
,
0RGH 6HOHFWï 6HWWLQJ 02'( +LJK SXWV WKH /;7êìå LQ WKH +RVW PRGHï ,Q WKH +RVW
PRGHñ WKH VHULDO LQWHUIDFH LV XVHG WR FRQWURO WKH /;7êìå DQG GHWHUPLQH LWV VWDWXVï 6HWð
WLQJ 02'( /RZ SXWV WKH /;7êìå LQ WKH +DUGZDUH õ+î:ô PRGHï ,Q WKH +DUGZDUH
PRGH WKH VHULDO LQWHUIDFH LV GLVDEOHG DQG KDUGðZLUHG SLQV DUH XVHG WR FRQWURO FRQILJXð
UDWLRQ DQG UHSRUW VWDWXVï 7\LQJ 02'( WR 5&/. DFWLYDWHV WKH +DUGZDUH PRGH DQG
HQDEOHV WKH +'%ê HQFRGHUîGHFRGHUï
ç
51(*î%39
2
æ
5326î
5'$7$
2
5HFHLYH 1HJDWLYH 'DWDâ 5HFHLYH 3RVLWLYH 'DWDï %LSRODU GDWD RXWSXWVï $ VLJQDO RQ
51(* FRUUHVSRQGV WR UHFHLSW RI D QHJDWLYH SXOVH RQ 57,3î55,1*ï $ VLJQDO RQ
5326 FRUUHVSRQGV WR UHFHLSW RI D SRVLWLYH SXOVH RQ 57,3î55,1*ï 51(*î5326 RXWð
SXWV DUH 1RQð5HWXUQðWRð=HUR õ15=ôï ,Q +RVW PRGHñ &/.( GHWHUPLQHV WKH FORFN HGJH
DW ZKLFK WKHVH RXWSXWV DUH VWDEOH DQG YDOLGï ,Q +DUGZDUH PRGH ERWK RXWSXWV DUH VWDEOH
DQG YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/.ï
,Q 8QLSRODU PRGHñ SLQ ç RXWSXW LV D ELSRODU 9LRODWLRQ LQGLFDWLRQ DQG SLQ æ LV WKH XQLð
SRODU GDWD RXWSXWï 6HH 7DEOH ë IRU 8QLSRODU PRGH IXQFWLRQVï
êðêç
L1
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
7DEOH ìã 3LQ 'HVFULSWLRQV ¤ FRQWLQXHG
3LQ ú
6\PERO
,î2
å
5&/.
2
5HFHLYH &ORFNï 7KLV LV WKH FORFN UHFRYHUHG IURP WKH VLJQDO UHFHLYHG DW 57,3 DQG
55,1*ï
ä
;7$/,1
,
ìí
;7$/287
2
&U\VWDO ,QSXWâ &U\VWDO 2XWSXWï $Q H[WHUQDO FU\VWDO õìåïæ S) ORDG FDSDFLWDQFHñ SXOð
ODEOHô RSHUDWLQJ DW IRXU WLPHV WKH ELW UDWH õåïìäë 0+]ô LV UHTXLUHG WR HQDEOH WKH MLWWHU
DWWHQXDWLRQ IXQFWLRQ RI WKH /;7êìåï 7KHVH SLQV PD\ DOVR EH XVHG WR GLVDEOH WKH MLWWHU
DWWHQXDWRU E\ FRQQHFWLQJ WKH ;7$/,1 SLQ WR WKH SRVLWLYH VXSSO\ WKURXJK D UHVLVWRUñ
DQG OHDYLQJ WKH ;7$/287 SLQ XQFRQQHFWHG RU WLHG WR JURXQGï
ìì
-$6(/
,
-LWWHU $WWHQXDWLRQ 6HOHFWï 6HOHFWV MLWWHU DWWHQXDWLRQ ORFDWLRQï :KHQ -$6(/ LV +LJKñ
WKH MLWWHU DWWHQXDWRU LV DFWLYH LQ WKH UHFHLYH SDWKï :KHQ -$6(/ LV /RZñ WKH MLWWHU DWWHQð
XDWRU LV DFWLYH LQ WKH WUDQVPLW SDWKï
ìë
/26
2
/RVV 2I 6LJQDOï /26 JRHV +LJK DIWHU ìæè FRQVHFXWLYH VSDFHV DQG UHWXUQV /RZ ZKHQ
WKH UHFHLYHG VLJQDO UHDFKHV ìëïèø PDUN GHQVLW\ õPLQLPXP RI IRXU PDUNV ZLWKLQ êë
ELW SHULRGVñ ZLWK QR PRUH WKDQ ìè FRQVHFXWLYH íVôï 5HFHLYHG PDUNV DUH RXWSXW RQ
5326 DQG 51(* HYHQ ZKHQ /26 LV +LJKï
ìê
77,3
2
ìç
75,1*
7UDQVPLW 7LSï 'LIIHUHQWLDO 'ULYHU 2XWSXWVï 7KHVH RXWSXWV DUH GHVLJQHG WR GULYH D èí ð
ëíí Ω ORDGï /LQH PDWFKLQJ UHVLVWRUV DQG WUDQVIRUPHU FDQ EH VHOHFWHG WR JLYH WKH
GHVLUHG SXOVH KHLJKWï
ìé
7*1'
¤
7[ *URXQGï *URXQG UHWXUQ IRU WKH WUDQVPLW GULYHUV SRZHU VXSSO\ 79òï
ìè
79ò
,
7UDQVPLW 3RZHU 6XSSO\ï òè 9'& SRZHU VXSSO\ LQSXW IRU WKH WUDQVPLW GULYHUVï 79ò
PXVW QRW YDU\ IURP 59ò E\ PRUH WKDQ ‘íïê9ï
ìæ
*1'
¤
*URXQGï 7KLV SLQ PXVW EH WLHG WR JURXQGï
ìå
/$71
2
/LQH $WWHQXDWLRQ ,QGLFDWLRQï (QFRGHG RXWSXWï 3XOVH ZLGWKñ UHODWLYH WR 5&/.ñ LQGLð
FDWHV UHFHLYH HTXDOL]HU JDLQ VHWWLQJ õOLQH LQVHUWLRQ ORVV DW ìíëé N+]ô LQ äïè G% VWHSVï
:KHQ /$71 LV +LJK IRU RQH 5&/. SXOVHñ WKH HTXDOL]HU LV VHW DW äïè G% JDLQâ ë SXOVHV
ìä G%â ê SXOVHV ëåïè G% DQG é SXOVHV í G%ï 2XWSXW LV YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI
5&/.ï
ìä
57,3
,
ëí
55,1*
,
5HFHLYH 7LSâ 5HFHLYH 5LQJï 7KH +'%ê VLJQDO UHFHLYHG IURP WKH OLQH LV DSSOLHG DW
WKHVH SLQVï $ ìãì WUDQVIRUPHU LV UHTXLUHGï 'DWD DQG FORFN IURP WKH VLJQDO DSSOLHG DW
WKHVH SLQV DUH UHFRYHUHG DQG RXWSXW RQ WKH 5326î51(*ñ DQG 5&/. SLQVï
ëì
59ò
,
5HFHLYH 3RZHU 6XSSO\ï òè 9'& SRZHU VXSSO\ IRU DOO FLUFXLWV H[FHSW WKH WUDQVPLW
GULYHUVï õ7UDQVPLW GULYHUV DUH VXSSOLHG E\ 79òïô
ëë
5*1'
¤
5[ *URXQGï *URXQG UHWXUQ IRU SRZHU VXSSO\ 59òï
ëê
,17
2
,QWHUUXSW õ+RVW 0RGHôï ,Q +RVW PRGHñ WKLV SLQ JRHV /RZ WR IODJ WKH KRVW SURFHVVRU
ZKHQ /26 FKDQJHV VWDWHï ,17 LV DQ RSHQ GUDLQ RXWSXW DQG VKRXOG EH WLHG WR SRZHU
VXSSO\ 59ò WKURXJK D UHVLVWRUï 5HVHW ,17 E\ FOHDULQJ WKH /26 UHJLVWHU ELWï
1/223
2
1HWZRUN /RRSEDFN 'HWHFWLRQ õ+î: 0RGHôï ,Q +DUGZDUH PRGHñ WKLV SLQ LQGLFDWHV
WKDW LQEDQG QHWZRUN ORRSEDFN LV DFWLYH E\ JRLQJ +LJKï 7R VHW WKLV VLJQDO +LJKñ WKH
GHYLFH PXVW UHFHLYH WKH 1/223 DFWLYDWLRQ SDWWHUQ õííííìô IRU ILYH VHFRQGVï 7R UHVHW
LW /RZñ HLWKHU WKH GHYLFH PXVW UHFHLYH WKH GHDFWLYDWLRQ SDWWHUQ õííìô IRU ILYH VHFRQGV
RU HLWKHU 5/223 RU //223 PXVW EH DFWLYDWHGï
ëé
L1
'HVFULSWLRQ
6',
,
6HULDO 'DWD ,Q õ+RVW 0RGHôï 7KH VHULDO GDWD LQSXW VWUHDP LV DSSOLHG WR WKLV SLQ ZKHQ
WKH /;7êìå RSHUDWHV LQ WKH +RVW PRGHï 6', LV VDPSOHG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 6&/.ï
*1'
¤
*URXQG õ+î: 0RGHôï 7KLV SLQ LV LQDFWLYH LQ WKH +DUGZDUH PRGH DQG VKRXOG EH WLHG
WR JURXQGï
êðêæ
ì
ë
ê
é
è
æ
å
ä
ìí
ìì
ìë
ìê
ìé
ìè
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
7DEOH ìã 3LQ 'HVFULSWLRQV ¤ FRQWLQXHG
3LQ ú
6\PERO
,î2
'HVFULSWLRQ
ëè
6'2
2
6HULDO 'DWD 2XW õ+RVW 0RGHôï ,Q WKH +RVW PRGHñ VHULDO GDWD IURP WKH RQðFKLS UHJLVð
WHU LV RXWSXW RQ WKLV SLQï ,I &/.( LV +LJKñ 6'2 LV YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 6&/.ï
,I &/.( LV /RZñ 6'2 LV YDOLG RQ WKH IDOOLQJ HGJH RI 6&/.ï 6'2 JRHV WR D KLJKð
LPSHGDQFH VWDWH ZKHQ WKH VHULDO SRUW LV EHLQJ ZULWWHQ WRï
*1'
¤
*URXQG õ+î: 0RGHôï 7KLV SLQ LV LQDFWLYH LQ WKH +DUGZDUH PRGH DQG VKRXOG EH WLHG
WR JURXQGï
&6
,
&KLS 6HOHFW õ+RVW 0RGHôï ,Q WKH +RVW PRGHñ WKLV LQSXW LV XVHG WR DFFHVV WKH VHULDO
LQWHUIDFHï )RU HDFK UHDG RU ZULWH RSHUDWLRQñ &6 PXVW WUDQVLWLRQ IURP +LJK WR /RZñ DQG
UHPDLQ /RZï
5/223
,
5HPRWH /RRSEDFN õ+î: 0RGHôï ,Q WKH +DUGZDUH PRGHñ WKLV LQSXW FRQWUROV UHPRWH
ORRSEDFNï 6HWWLQJ 5/223 +LJK HQDEOHV 5HPRWH /RRSEDFNï 'XULQJ 5HPRWH /RRSð
EDFNñ LQOLQH HQFRGHUV DQG GHFRGHUV DUH E\SDVVHGï 6HWWLQJ ERWK 5/223 DQG //223
ZKLOH KROGLQJ 7$26 /RZ FDXVHV D 5HVHWï
6&/.
,
6HULDO &ORFN õ+RVW 0RGHôï ,Q WKH +RVW PRGHñ WKLV FORFN LV XVHG WR ZULWH GDWD WRñ RU
UHDG GDWD IURP WKH VHULDO LQWHUIDFH UHJLVWHUï
//223
,
/RFDO /RRSEDFN õ+î: 0RGHôï ,Q WKH +DUGZDUH PRGHñ WKLV LQSXW FRQWUROV ORFDO ORRSð
EDFNï 6HWWLQJ //223 +LJK HQDEOHV /RFDOH /RRSEDFN 0RGHï 6HWWLQJ ERWK 5/223
DQG //223 ZKLOH KROGLQJ 7$26 /RZ FDXVHV D 5HVHWï
&/.(
,
&ORFN (GJH õ+RVW 0RGHôï ,Q WKH +RVW PRGHñ WKLV SLQ FRQWUROV WUDQVLWLRQV RI WKH GDWD
RXWSXWVï 6HWWLQJ &/.( +LJK FDXVHV 5326 DQG 51(* WR EH YDOLG RQ WKH IDOOLQJ HGJH
RI 5&/.ñ DQG 6'2 WR EH YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 6&/.ï :KHQ &/.( LV /RZñ
5326 DQG 51(* DUH YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/.ñ DQG 6'2 LV YDOLG RQ WKH IDOOð
LQJ HGJH RI 6&/.ï
7$26
,
7UDQVPLW $OO 2QHV õ+î: 0RGHôï ,Q WKH +DUGZDUH PRGHñ WKLV SLQ FRQWUROV WKH 7$26
IXQFWLRQï :KHQ VHW +LJKñ 7$26 FDXVHV WKH /;7êìå WR WUDQVPLW D VWUHDP RI PDUNV DW
WKH 7&/. IUHTXHQF\ï $FWLYDWLQJ 7$26 FDXVHV 7326 DQG 71(* LQSXWV WR EH
LJQRUHGï 7$26 LV LQKLELWHG GXULQJ 5HPRWH /RRSEDFNï
ëç
ëæ
ëå
7DEOH ëã 8QLSRODU 'DWD ,î2 3LQ 'HVFULSWLRQVì
3LQ ú
6\PERO
,î2
'HVFULSWLRQ
ê
7'$7$
,
7UDQVPLW 'DWDï 8QLSRODU LQSXW IRU GDWD WR EH WUDQVPLWWHG RQ WKH WZLVWHGðSDLU OLQHï
é
8%6
,
8QLSRODUî%LSRODU 6HOHFWï :KHQ SLQ é LV KHOG +LJK IRU DW OHDVW ìç 7&/. F\FOHV
õHTXLYDOHQW WR ìè VXFFHVVLYH ELSRODU YLRODWLRQVôñ /;7êìå VZLWFKHV WR XQLSRODU GDWD
,î2ï 7KH GHYLFH LPPHGLDWHO\ UHWXUQV WR ELSRODU ,î2 ZKHQ SLQ é JRHV /RZï
ç
%39
2
%LSRODU 9LRODWLRQï 3LQ ç JRHV +LJK ZKHQ D ELSRODU YLRODWLRQ LV UHFHLYHGï
æ
5'$7$
2
5HFHLYH 'DWDï 8QLSRODU GDWD RXWSXWï 5'$7$ LV D 1RQð5HWXUQðWRð=HUR õ15=ô RXWSXWï
,Q +RVW PRGHñ &/.( GHWHUPLQHV WKH FORFN HGJH DW ZKLFK 5'$7$ LV VWDEOH DQG YDOLGï
,Q +DUGZDUH PRGH 5'$7$ LV VWDEOH DQG YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/.ï
ìï 7DEOH ë OLVWV RQO\ WKRVH SLQV ZKLFK DUH DIIHFWHG E\ WKH VZLWFK WR XQLSRODU GDWD ,î2ï
êðêå
L1
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
)81&7,21$/ '(6&5,37,21
127(
7KLV IXQFWLRQDO GHVFULSWLRQ LV IRU GHVLJQ DLG RQO\ï
7KH /;7êìå LV D IXOO\ LQWHJUDWHG 3&0 WUDQVFHLYHU IRU
ëïíéå 0ESV õ(ìô DSSOLFDWLRQVï ,W DOORZV IXOOðGXSOH[ WUDQVð
PLVVLRQ RI GLJLWDO GDWD RYHU H[LVWLQJ WZLVWHGðSDLU LQVWDOODð
WLRQVï
7KH /;7êìå WUDQVFHLYHU LQWHUIDFHV ZLWK WZR WZLVWHGðSDLU
OLQHV õRQH WZLVWHGðSDLU IRU WUDQVPLWñ RQH WZLVWHGðSDLU IRU
UHFHLYHô WKURXJK VWDQGDUG SXOVH WUDQVIRUPHUV DQG DSSURSULð
DWH UHVLVWRUVï
7KH ILJXUH RQ WKH IURQW SDJH RI WKLV GDWD VKHHW VKRZV D
EORFN GLDJUDP RI WKH /;7êìåï 7KLV WUDQVFHLYHU PD\ EH
FRQWUROOHG E\ D PLFURSURFHVVRU WKURXJK WKH VHULDO SRUW
õ+RVW 0RGHôñ RU E\ LQGLYLGXDO SLQ VHWWLQJV õ+DUGZDUH
0RGHôï 7KH MLWWHU DWWHQXDWRU PD\ EH SRVLWLRQHG LQ HLWKHU WKH
WUDQVPLW RU UHFHLYH SDWKñ DV GHWHUPLQHG E\ -$6(/ï
75$160,77(5
,QSXW GDWD õELSRODU RU XQLSRODUô IRU WUDQVPLVVLRQ RQWR WKH
OLQH LV FORFNHG VHULDOO\ LQWR WKH /;7êìåï %LSRODU GDWD LV
LQSXW DW 7326 DQG 71(*ï 8QLSRODU GDWD LV LQSXW DW
7'$7$ RQO\ õ8QLSRODU PRGH LV HQDEOHG E\ KROGLQJ 71(*
+LJK IRU ìç 5&/. F\FOHVôï ,QSXW GDWD PD\ EH SDVVHG
WKURXJK WKH -LWWHU $WWHQXDWRU DQGîRU +'%ê HQFRGHUñ LI
VHOHFWHGï ,Q +RVW PRGHñ +'%ê LV VHOHFWHG E\ VHWWLQJ ELW 'ë
RI WKH LQSXW GDWD E\WHï ,Q +DUGZDUH PRGHñ +'%ê LV VHOHFWHG
E\ FRQQHFWLQJ WKH 02'( SLQ WR 5&/.ï ,QSXW V\QFKURQLð
]DWLRQ LV VXSSOLHG E\ WKH WUDQVPLW FORFN õ7&/.ôï 7LPLQJ
UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU 7&/. DQG WKH 0DVWHU &ORFN õ0&/.ô DUH
GHILQHG LQ WKH 7HVW 6SHFLILFDWLRQV VHFWLRQï :KHQ 7&/. LV
QRW VXSSOLHGñ WKH 7&/. SLQ PXVW EH JURXQGHGï
/LQH &RGH
7KH /;7êìå WUDQVPLWV GDWD DV D èíø +'%ê OLQH FRGH DV
VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH ëï %LDVLQJ RI WKH WUDQVPLW '& OHYHO LV RQð
FKLSï 6KDSHG SXOVHV PHHWLQJ WKH YDULRXV ,78 UHTXLUHPHQWV
DUH DSSOLHG WR WKH +'%ê OLQH GULYHU IRU WUDQVPLVVLRQ RQWR
WKH OLQH DW 77,3 DQG 75,1*ï 5HIHU WR )LJXUH ëë DQG 7DEOH
ìè IRU ëïíéå 0ESV SXOVH PDVN VSHFLILFDWLRQVï
)LJXUH ëã èíø 'XW\ &\FOH &RGLQJ
'LDJUDP
BIT CELL
TTIP
TRING
L1
1
0
1
,GOH 0RGH
7KH /;7êìå LQFRUSRUDWHV D WUDQVPLW LGOH PRGHï 7KLV
DOORZV PXOWLSOH WUDQVFHLYHUV WR EH FRQQHFWHG WR D VLQJOH OLQH
IRU UHGXQGDQW DSSOLFDWLRQV RU IRU WHVWLQJ SXUSRVHVï 77,3
DQG 75,1* UHPDLQ LQ D KLJK LPSHGDQFH VWDWH ZKHQ 7&/.
LV QRW SUHVHQW õ7&/. JURXQGHGôï 7KH KLJK LPSHGDQFH VWDWH
FDQ EH WHPSRUDULO\ GLVDEOHG E\ HQDEOLQJ 5HPRWH /RRSð
EDFNï
6KRUW &LUFXLW /LPLW
7KH /;7êìå WUDQVPLWWHU LV HTXLSSHG ZLWK D VKRUWðFLUFXLW
OLPLWHUï 7KLV IHDWXUH OLPLWV WR DSSUR[LPDWHO\ ìëí P$ 506
WKH FXUUHQW WKH WUDQVPLWWHU ZLOO VRXUFH LQWR D ORZðLPSHGð
DQFH ORDGï 7KH OLPLWHU WULSV ZKHQ WKH 506 FXUUHQW H[FHHGV
WKH OLPLW IRU ìíí “V õa ìèí PDUNVôï ,W DXWRPDWLFDOO\ UHVHWV
ZKHQ WKH ORDG FXUUHQW GURSV EHORZ WKH OLPLWï
7KH /;7êìå ZLOO PHHW RU H[FHHG WKH 2)7(/ 275ðííì
VKRUW FLUFXLW OLPLW õèí P$506ô ZKHQ WKH GHVLJQ LQFOXGHV D
ìãë WUDQVPLW WUDQVIRUPHU DQG ìè Ω UHVLVWRUV RQ 77,3 DQG
75,1*ï 7KH GHYLFH DOVR PHHWV RU H[FHHGV ,78 VSHFLILFDð
WLRQV IRU 178 DSSOLFDWLRQVñ DV ZHOO DV UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU
,6'1 35,ï
5(&(,9(5
7KH UHFHLYHU LQSXW IURP WKH WZLVWHGðSDLU LV UHFHLYHG YLD D
ìãì WUDQVIRUPHUï 5HFRYHUHG GDWD LV RXWSXW DW 5326î51(*
õ5'$7$ LQ XQLSRODU PRGHôñ DQG WKH UHFRYHUHG FORFN LV
RXWSXW DW 5&/.ï 5HIHU WR WKH 7HVW 6SHFLILFDWLRQV VHFWLRQï
7KH VLJQDO UHFHLYHG DW 57,3 DQG 55,1* LV SURFHVVHG
WKURXJK WKH UHFHLYH HTXDOL]HU ZKLFK PD\ DSSO\ XS WR éê G%
RI JDLQï ,QVHUWLRQ ORVV RI WKH OLQHñ DV LQGLFDWHG E\ WKH
UHFHLYH HTXDOL]HU VHWWLQJñ LV HQFRGHG LQ WKH /$71 RXWSXW DV
VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH êï
7KH HTXDOL]HG VLJQDO LV ILOWHUHG DQG DSSOLHG WR WKH SHDN
GHWHFWRU DQG GDWD VOLFHUVï 7KH SHDN GHWHFWRU VDPSOHV WKH
LQSXWV DQG GHWHUPLQHV WKH PD[LPXP YDOXH RI WKH UHFHLYHG
VLJQDOï $ SHUFHQWDJH RI WKH SHDN YDOXH LV SURYLGHG WR WKH
GDWD VOLFHUV DV D WKUHVKROG OHYHO WR HQVXUH RSWLPXP VLJQDOð
WRðQRLVH UDWLRï 7KH WKUHVKROG LV VHW WR èíø RI WKH SHDN
YDOXHï 7KH UHFHLYHU LV FDSDEOH RI DFFXUDWHO\ UHFRYHULQJ VLJð
QDOV ZLWK XS WR éê G% RI FDEOH DWWHQXDWLRQ õIURP ëïæ 9ôï
$IWHU SURFHVVLQJ WKURXJK WKH GDWD VOLFHUVñ WKH UHFHLYHG VLJð
QDO LV URXWHG WR WKH GDWD DQG WLPLQJ UHFRYHU\ VHFWLRQñ WKHQ
WR WKH +'%ê GHFRGHU õLI VHOHFWHGô DQG WR WKH /26 SURFHVð
VRUï 7KH GDWD DQG WLPLQJ UHFRYHU\ VHFWLRQV SURYLGH DQ LQSXW
MLWWHU WROHUDQFH VLJQLILFDQWO\ EHWWHU WKDQ UHTXLUHG E\ ,78
*ïåëêñ DV VKRZQ LQ WKH 7HVW 6SHFLILFDWLRQV VHFWLRQï
7KH /26 3URFHVVRU ORDGV D GLJLWDO FRXQWHU DW WKH 5&/.
IUHTXHQF\ï 7KH FRXQW LV LQFUHPHQWHG HDFK WLPH D í õVSDFHô
êðêä
ì
ë
ê
é
è
æ
å
ä
ìí
ìì
ìë
ìê
ìé
ìè
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
LV UHFHLYHGñ DQG UHVHW WR í HDFK WLPH D RQH õPDUNô LV
UHFHLYHGï 8SRQ UHFHLSW RI ìæè FRQVHFXWLYH íV WKH /26 SLQ
JRHV +LJKñ DQG D VPRRWK WUDQVLWLRQ UHSODFHV WKH 5&/. RXWð
SXW ZLWK WKH 0&/.ï õ'XULQJ /26ñ LI 0&/. LV QRW VXSð
SOLHG DQG -$6(/ LV +LJKñ WKH 5&/. RXWSXW LV UHSODFHG
ZLWK WKH FHQWHUHG TXDUW] FU\VWDO IUHTXHQF\ïô
GHFRGHU HQDEOHGï 7KH /;7êìå FDQ DOVR EH FRPPDQGHG WR
RSHUDWH LQ RQH RI VHYHUDO GLDJQRVWLF PRGHVï
+RVW 0RGH &RQWURO
7KH /;7êìå RSHUDWHV LQ WKH +RVW PRGH ZKHQ 02'( LV VHW
+LJKï ,Q +RVW PRGH WKH /;7êìå LV FRQWUROOHG WKURXJK WKH
VHULDO ,î2 SRUW õ6,2ô E\ D PLFURSURFHVVRUï 7KH /;7êìå
SURYLGHV D SDLU RI GDWD UHJLVWHUVñ RQH IRU FRPPDQG LQSXWV
DQG RQH IRU VWDWXV RXWSXWVñ DQG DQ LQWHUUXSW RXWSXWï
5HFHLYHG PDUNV ZLOO EH RXWSXW UHJDUGOHVV RI WKH /26 VWDð
WXVñ EXW WKH /26 SLQ ZLOO QRW UHVHW XQWLO WKH RQHV GHQVLW\
UHDFKHV ìëïèøï 7KLV OHYHO LV EDVHG RQ UHFHLSW RI DW OHDVW
IRXU ìV LQ DQ\ êë ELW SHULRGVñ ZLWK QR PRUH WKDQ ìè FRQVHFð
XWLYH íVï
$Q 6,2 WUDQVDFWLRQ LV LQLWLDWHG E\ D +LJKðWRð/RZ WUDQVLWLRQ
RQ &6ï 7KH /;7êìå UHVSRQGV E\ ZULWLQJ WKH LQFRPLQJ
VHULDO ZRUG IURP WKH 6', SLQ LQWR LWV FRPPDQG UHJLVWHUï ,I
WKH FRPPDQG ZRUG FRQWDLQV D UHDG UHTXHVWñ WKH /;7êìå
VXEVHTXHQWO\ RXWSXWV WKH FRQWHQWV RI LWV VWDWXV UHJLVWHU RQWR
WKH 6'2 SLQï 7KH &ORFN (GJH õ&/.(ô VLJQDO GHWHUPLQHV
ZKHQ WKH 6'2 DQG UHFHLYH GDWD RXWSXWV DUH YDOLGñ UHODWLYH
WR WKH 6HULDO &ORFN õ6&/.ô RU 5&/. DV LQ 7DEOH êï
-LWWHU $WWHQXDWLRQ
-LWWHU DWWHQXDWLRQ LV SURYLGHG E\ D -LWWHU $WWHQXDWLRQ /RRS
õ-$/ô DQG DQ (ODVWLF 6WRUH õ(6ôï 7KH 7HVW 6SHFLILFDWLRQV
VKRZ WKH /;7êìå MLWWHU DWWHQXDWLRQ SHUIRUPDQFH FRPSDUHG
ZLWK WKH MLWWHU WHPSODWH VSHFLILHG E\ ,78 *ïæêçï 7KH ê G%
FRUQHU IUHTXHQF\ IRU WKH /;7êìå LV DW ê +]ï 7KH SHUIRUð
PDQFH FRPSOLHV ZLWK (76, 7%5ðìë DQG 7%5ðìêï $Q
H[WHUQDO FU\VWDO RVFLOODWLQJ DW IRXU WLPHV WKH ELW UDWH SURð
YLGHV FORFN VWDELOL]DWLRQï 7KH (6 LV D êë [ ëðELW UHJLVWHUï
:KHQ -$6(/ LV +LJKñ WKH -$/ LV SRVLWLRQHG LQ WKH UHFHLYH
SDWKï :KHQ -$6(/ /RZñ WKH -$/ LV SRVLWLRQHG LQ WKH WUDQVð
PLW SDWKï
7KH ìçðELW VHULDO ZRUG FRQVLVWV RI DQ åðELW &RPPDQGî
$GGUHVV E\WH DQG DQ åðELW 'DWD E\WH DV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUHV é
DQG èï 6,2 WLPLQJ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DUH VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH ìéï
7DEOH êã &/.( 6HWWLQJV
&/.(
'DWD õ7326î71(* RU 7'$7$â RU 5326î51(* RU
5'$7$ô LV FORFNHG LQWR WKH (6 ZLWK WKH DVVRFLDWHG FORFN
VLJQDO õ7&/. RU 5&/.ôñ DQG FORFNHG RXW RI WKH (6 ZLWK
WKH GHMLWWHUHG FORFN IURP WKH -$/ï :KHQ WKH ELW FRXQW LQ WKH
(6 LV ZLWKLQ WZR ELWV RI RYHUIORZLQJ RU XQGHUIORZLQJñ WKH
(6 DGMXVWV WKH RXWSXW FORFN E\ ìîå RI D ELW SHULRGï 7KH (6
SURGXFHV DQ DYHUDJH GHOD\ RI ìç ELWV LQ WKH DVVRFLDWHG SDWKï
/2:
+,*+
2XWSXW
&ORFN
9DOLG (GJH
5326
5&/.
5LVLQJ
51(*
5&/.
5LVLQJ
6'2
6&/.
)DOOLQJ
5326
5&/.
)DOOLQJ
51(*
5&/.
)DOOLQJ
6'2
6&/.
5LVLQJ
&21752/ 02'(6
7DEOH éã 6,2 ,QSXW %LW 6HWWLQJV õ)LJXUH éô
7KH /;7êìå WUDQVFHLYHU FDQ EH FRQWUROOHG E\ D PLFURSURð
FHVVRU WKURXJK D VHULDO LQWHUIDFH õ+RVW PRGHôñ RU WKURXJK
LQGLYLGXDO KDUGðZLUHG SLQV õ+DUGZDUH PRGHôï 7KH PRGH RI
RSHUDWLRQ LV GHWHUPLQHG E\ WKH LQSXW WR 02'(ï :LWK
02'( VHW +LJKñ WKH /;7êìå RSHUDWHV LQ WKH +RVW PRGHï
:LWK 02'( VHW /RZñ WKH /;7êìå RSHUDWHV LQ WKH +DUGð
ZDUH PRGHï :LWK 02'( WLHG WR 5&/.ñ WKH /;7êìå RSHUð
DWHV LQ WKH +DUGZDUH PRGH ZLWK WKH +'%ê HQFRGHUî
0RGH
5/223
%LW 'è
//223
%LW 'ç
7$26
%LW 'æ
5/223
ì
í
QîD
//223
í
ì
QîD
7$26
í
QîD
ì
5(6(7
ì
ì
í
)LJXUH êã /;7êìå /LQH $WWHQXDWLRQ õ/$71ô 3XOVH :LGWK (QFRGLQJ
RCLK
LATN
1
2
3
4
5
LATN = 4 RCLK, 0 dB OF ATTENUATION
LATN = 3 RCLK, 28.5 dB OF ATTENUATION
LATN = 2 RCLK, 19.5 dB OF ATTENUATION
LATN = 1 RCLK, 9.5 dB OF ATTENUATION
êðéí
L1
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
6(5,$/ ,1387 :25'
)LJXUH é VKRZV WKH 6HULDO ,QSXW GDWD VWUXFWXUHï 7KH
/;7êìå LV DGGUHVVHG E\ VHWWLQJ ELW $é LQ WKH $GGUHVVî
&RPPDQG E\WHñ FRUUHVSRQGLQJ WR DGGUHVV ìçï %LW ì RI WKH
VHULDO $GGUHVVî&RPPDQG E\WH SURYLGHV 5HDGî:ULWH õ5î:ô
FRQWURO ZKHQ &6 LV /RZï 7KH 5î: ELW LV VHW WR ORJLF ì WR
UHDG WKH GDWD RXWSXW E\WH IURP WKH FKLSñ DQG VHW WR ORJLF í
WR ZULWH WKH LQSXW GDWD E\WH WR WKH FKLSï
7KH 'DWD ,QSXW E\WH LV WKH VHFRQG HLJKW ELWV RI D ZULWH RSHUð
DWLRQï 7KH ILUVW ELW õ'íô FOHDUV DQGîRU PDVNV /26 LQWHUð
UXSWVï 7KH VHFRQG ELW õ'ìô FOHDUV DQGîRU PDVNV 1/223
GHWHFWLRQ LQWHUUXSWVï 7KH WKLUG ELW õ'ëô HQDEOHV RU GLVDEOHV
+'%ê FRGLQJîGHFRGLQJñ DQG WKH ODVW ê ELWV õ'è ð 'æô FRQð
WURO RSHUDWLQJ PRGHV õQRUPDO DQG GLDJQRVWLFô DQG FKLS
UHVHWï 5HIHU WR 7DEOH é IRU GHWDLOV RQ ELWV 'è ð 'æï
6(5,$/ 287387 :25'
)LJXUH è VKRZV WKH 6HULDO 2XWSXW GDWD VWUXFWXUHï :KHQ WKH
6HULDO ,QSXW ZRUG KDV ELW $í ìñ WKH /;7êìå GULYHV WKH
RXWSXW GDWD E\WH RQWR WKH 6'2 SLQï 7KH RXWSXW GDWD E\WH
UHSRUWV /RVV RI 6LJQDO õ/26ô FRQGLWLRQVñ 1/223 GHWHFð
WLRQ VWDWXVñ +'%ê FRGH VHWWLQJñ DQG RSHUDWLQJ PRGHV õQRUð
PDO RU GLDJQRVWLF DV VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH èï 7KH ILUVW ELW õ'íô
UHSRUWV /26 VWDWXVï 7KH VHFRQG ELW õ'ìô UHSRUWV QHWZRUN
ORRSEDFN GHWHFWLRQ VWDWXVï 7KH WKLUG ELW õ'ëô UHSRUWV WKH
+'%ê VHWWLQJï 7KH ODVW ê ELWV õ'è ð 'æô UHSRUW RSHUDWLQJ
PRGHV DQG LQWHUUXSW VWDWXVï
7KH +RVW PRGH SURYLGHV D ODWFKHG ,QWHUUXSW RXWSXW SLQñ
,17ï $Q LQWHUUXSW LV WULJJHUHG E\ D FKDQJH LQ WKH /26 ELW
õ'í RI WKH RXWSXW GDWD E\WHôï ,I WKH ,17 OLQH LV +LJK õQR
LQWHUUXSW LV SHQGLQJôñ ELWV 'è ð 'æ UHSRUW WKH RSHUDWLQJ
PRGHV OLVWHG LQ 7DEOH èï ,I WKH ,17 OLQH LV /RZñ WKH LQWHUð
UXSW VWDWXV RYHUULGHV DOO RWKHU UHSRUWV DQG ELWV 'è ð 'æ
UHIOHFW WKH LQWHUUXSW VWDWXV DV OLVWHG LQ 7DEOH èï
ì
+DUGZDUH 0RGH 2SHUDWLRQ
,Q +DUGZDUH PRGH WKH WUDQVFHLYHU LV DFFHVVHG DQG FRQð
WUROOHG WKURXJK LQGLYLGXDO SLQVï :LWK WKH H[FHSWLRQ RI WKH
,17 DQG &/.( IXQFWLRQVñ +DUGZDUH PRGH SURYLGHV DOO WKH
IXQFWLRQV SURYLGHG LQ WKH +RVW PRGHï ,Q WKH +DUGZDUH
PRGH 5326î51(* RU 5'$7$ RXWSXWV DUH YDOLG RQ WKH
ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/.ï 7KH /;7êìå RSHUDWHV LQ +DUGZDUH
PRGH RQO\ ZKHQ 02'( LV /RZ RU FRQQHFWHG WR 5&/.ï
,1,7,$/,=$7,21 $1' 5(6(7 23(5$7,21
8SRQ SRZHU XSñ WKH WUDQVFHLYHU LV KHOG VWDWLF XQWLO WKH
SRZHU VXSSO\ UHDFKHV DSSUR[LPDWHO\ ê9ï 8SRQ FURVVLQJ
WKLV WKUHVKROGñ WKH GHYLFH EHJLQV D êë PV UHVHW F\FOH WR FDOð
LEUDWH WKH WUDQVPLW DQG UHFHLYH GHOD\ OLQHV DQG ORFN WKH
3KDVH /RFN /RRS WR WKH UHFHLYH OLQHï $ UHIHUHQFH FORFN LV
UHTXLUHG WR FDOLEUDWH WKH GHOD\ OLQHVï 7KH WUDQVPLWWHU UHIHUð
HQFH LV SURYLGHG E\ 7&/.ï 7KH FU\VWDO RVFLOODWRU SURYLGHV
WKH UHFHLYHU UHIHUHQFHï ,I WKH FU\VWDO RVFLOODWRU LV JURXQGHGñ
0&/. LV XVHG DV WKH UHFHLYHU UHIHUHQFH FORFNï $OO 3//V
DUH FRQWLQXRXVO\ FDOLEUDWHGï
7KH WUDQVFHLYHU FDQ DOVR EH UHVHW IURP WKH +RVW RU +DUGð
ZDUH PRGHï ,Q +RVW PRGHñ FRPPDQG UHVHW E\ VLPXOWDð
QHRXVO\ ZULWLQJ ìV WR 5/223 DQG //223ñ DQG D í WR
7$26ï ,Q +DUGZDUH PRGHñ UHVHW E\ KROGLQJ 5/223 DQG
//223 +LJK VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ IRU ëíí QV ZKLOH KROGLQJ
7$26 /RZï ,Q HLWKHU PRGHñ UHVHW VHWV DOO UHJLVWHUV WR íï
'è
'ç
6WDWXV
2SHUDWLQJ 0RGHV
í
í
5HVHW KDV RFFXUUHGñ RU QR SURJUDP LQSXWï
í
í
ì
7$26 DFWLYH
í
ì
í
//223 DFWLYH
í
ì
ì
7$26 DQG //223 DFWLYH
ì
í
í
5/223 DFWLYH
è
æ
å
ä
ìë
ìê
ìé
,QWHUUXSW 6WDWXV
ìè
ì
í
ì
1/223 KDV FKDQJHG VWDWH VLQFH ODVW &OHDU 1/223 RFFXUUHGï
ì
ì
í
/26 KDV FKDQJHG VWDWH VLQFH ODVW &OHDU /26 RFFXUUHGï
ì
ì
ì
/26 DQG 1/223 KDYH ERWK FKDQJHG VWDWH VLQFH ODVW &OHDU 1/223 DQG &OHDU /26 RFFXUUHGï
L1
é
ìì
'æ
í
ê
ìí
7DEOH èã /;7êìå 6HULDO 'DWD 2XWSXW %LW &RGLQJ õ6HH )LJXUH èô
%LW
ë
êðéì
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
)LJXUH éã /;7êìå 6HULDO ,î2 ,QSXW 'DWD 6WUXFWXUH
&6
6&/.
$''5(66î&200$1' %<7(
6',
5î:
$''5(66î
&200$1'
%<7(
$í
í
5î:
$ì
$ë
í
$í
$ê
í
$é
í
í
,1387 '$7$ %<7(
$è
$ç
ì
$é
'í
í
5î: ì ã 5($'
5î: í ã :5,7(
'ì
/26
'ê
'é
'è
'ç
'æ
[
$ç
; '21ö7 &$5(
6(7 02'( 2) 23(5$7,21
25 5(6(7
&/($5î0$6. ,17(558376 6(7 &2'(
,1387
'$7$
%<7(
'ë
1/223
+'%ê
í
í
5/223
//223
ì (1$%/(
ì (1$%/(
'í õ/6%ô
7$26
'æ õ06%ô
ì &/($5
ì
&/($5
ì (1$%/(
ì (1$%/(
)LJXUH èã /;7êìå 6HULDO ,î2 2XWSXW 'DWD 6WUXFWXUH
&6
6&/.
$''5(66î&200$1' %<7(
ì
5î:
$''5(66î
&200$1'
%<7(
5î:
5î:
í
$í
í
$ì
5î:
í
$ë
í
$í
í
$ê
ì
$é
'$7$ 287387 %<7(
í
$è
í
;
$ç
'í
í
'ì
í
'ë
'ê
'é
ì
'è
í
ì ã 5($'
í ã :5,7(
'ç
'æ
;
$ç
;
'21©7 &$5(
',$*1267,&6 67$786
287387
'$7$
%<7(
/26
1/223
+'%ê
'í õ/6%ô
ì
758( ì
í
í
5/223ë //223ë
7$26 ë
'æ õ06%ô
ì
758( ì ì
(1$%/(
127(6ã
ìï :KHQ WKHVH ELWV DUH VHW WR ìñ WKHQ /26î1/223 FRQGLWLRQ KDV EHHQ GHWHFWHGï
ëï 6HH 7DEOH è IRU GLDJQRVWLFV VWDWXV HQFRGLQJï
êðéë
L1
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
,QWHUUXSW +DQGOLQJ
)LJXUH ç VKRZV KRZ WR PDVN WKH LQWHUUXSW JHQHUDWRU E\
ZULWLQJ D RQH WR WKH UHVSHFWLYH ELW RI WKH LQSXW GDWD E\WH
/26 õ'íô RU 1/223 õ'ìôï (LWKHU LQWHUUXSW SXOOV WKH ,17
RXWSXW SLQ /RZï 7KH RXWSXW VWDJH RI WKH ,17 SLQ FRQVLVWV
RQO\ RI D SXOOðGRZQ GHYLFH ZKLFK UHTXLUHV DQ H[WHUQDO SXOOð
XS UHVLVWRU IRU LW WR IXQFWLRQï 7R FOHDU HLWKHU LQWHUUXSWã
ìï ,I HLWKHU RI WKH LQWHUUXSW ELWV /26 õ'íô DQG 1/223
õ'ìô RI WKH RXWSXW GDWD E\WHô LV +LJKñ ZULWLQJ D RQH WR
WKH UHVSHFWLYH LQSXW ELW õ'í RU 'ìñ RI WKH LQSXW GDWD
E\WHô ZLOO FOHDU WKH LQWHUUXSWï /HDYLQJ D RQH LQ WKLV ELW
SRVLWLRQ ZLOO HIIHFWLYHO\ PDVN WKH LQWHUUXSWï 7R UHðHQð
DEOH WKH LQWHUUXSW FDSDELOLW\ñ UHVHW 'í DQGîRU 'ì WR íï
ëï ,I HLWKHU WKH /26 RU WKH 1/223 ELW LV /RZñ UHVHWWLQJ
WKH GHYLFH ZLOO FOHDU ERWK LQWHUUXSWVï 7R UHVHW WKH FKLSñ
VHW LQSXW ELWV 'è DQG 'ç WR RQHñ DQG 'æ WR íï
0DVN
,QWHUUXSWV
"
é
<HV
1R
,17 +LJK
õ1R LQWHUUXSWô
/26
'RHV
1R
DQ ,QWHUUXSW
&RQGLWLRQ
([LVW
"
,17 /RZ
<HV
õLQWHUUXSWô
5HDG 2XWSXW :RUG
õ%LWV 'èð'æ 2SHUDWLQJ
0RGHô
:ULWH ûìû WR 'í
RI ,QSXW :RUG
WR 0DVN /26
,QWHUUXSW
:ULWH ûìû WR 'í
RI ,QSXW :RUG
WR &OHDUî0DVN
/26 ,QWHUUXSW
1R
:ULWH ûìû WR 'ì
RI ,QSXW 6WDWXV
WR &OHDUî0DVN
1/223
,QWHUUXSW
:ULWH ûìñ ìû WR
'íð'ì RI ,QSXW
:RUG WR 0DVN
/26 DQG
1/223 ,QWHUUXSW
:ULWH ûìû WR 'ì
RI ,QSXW :RUG
WR 0DVN 1/223
,QWHUUXSW
æ
ä
$UH %RWK
,QWHUUXSW
&RQGLWLRQV
0DVNHG
"
ìí
<HV
5HDG 2XWSXW 6WDWXV :RUG
õ%LWV 'èð'æ 2SHUDWLQJ 0RGHô
,17 JRHV +,*+
5Hð(QDEOH
,QWHUUXSWV
"
è
1/223
å
:KDW
1/223
,QWHUUXSW
&RQGLWLRQ
([LVWV
"
/26 ÷ 1/223
:ULWH ûì ìû WR
'íð'ì RI ,QSXW
:RUG WR &OHDUî
0DVN /26î
1/223
,QWHUUXSWV
0DVN
:KLFK
,QWHUUXSWV
"
/26 ÷ 1/223
5HDG 2XWSXW :RUG
õ%LWV 'èð'æ ,QWHUUXSW
6WDWXVô
/26
ìì
ìë
1R
ìê
<HV
/26
:ULWH ûíû WR 'í RI ,QSXW
:RUG WR
UHðHQDEOH /26 ,QWHUUXSW
L1
ë
ê
)LJXUH çã /;7êìå ,QWHUUXSW +DQGOLQJ
6WDUWðXS RU 5HVWDUW
,QWHUUXSWV HQDEOHG
ì
5Hð(QDEOH
1/223
:KLFK
,QWHUUXSW
"
/26 ÷ 1/223
:ULWH ûíñíû WR 'íð'ì
RI ,QSXW :RUG WR UHðHQDEOH
/26 ÷ 1/223 ,QWHUUXSWV
ìé
ìè
:ULWH ûíû WR 'ì RI ,QSXW
:RUG WR
UHðHQDEOH 1/223
,QWHUUXSW
êðéê
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
'LDJQRVWLF 0RGH 2SHUDWLRQ
7UDQVPLW $OO 2QHVï 6HH )LJXUH æï ,Q 7UDQVPLW $OO 2QHV
õ7$26ô PRGH WKH 7326 DQG 71(* LQSXWV WR WKH WUDQVð
FHLYHU DUH LJQRUHG DQG WKH WUDQVFHLYHU WUDQVPLWV D FRQWLQXð
RXV VWUHDP RI ìV DW WKH 7&/. IUHTXHQF\ï õ,Q WKH /;7êìå
ZLWK -$6(/ VHW /RZ DQG 7&/. QRW SURYLGHGñ 7$26 LV
ORFNHG WR WKH 0&/.ïô 7KLV FDQ EH XVHG DV WKH %OXH $ODUP
,QGLFDWRU õ$,6ôï ,Q +RVW PRGHñ 7$26 LV FRPPDQGHG E\
ZULWLQJ D RQH WR ELW 'æ RI WKH LQSXW GDWD E\WHï ,Q +DUGZDUH
PRGHñ 7$26 LV FRPPDQGHG E\ VHWWLQJ 7$26 +LJKï 7$26
FDQ EH FRPPDQGHG VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ ZLWK /RFDO /RRSEDFN
DV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH æ%ñ EXW LV LQKLELWHG GXULQJ 5HPRWH
/RRSEDFNï
)LJXUH æã 7UDQVPLW $OO 2QHV
$
7UDQVPLW $OO 2QHV
//223
+LJK
5/223
/RZ
7$26
/RZ
7$26
7&/.
7326
71(*
7LPLQJ ÷
&RQWURO
77,3
5&/.
51(*
5326
7LPLQJ
5HFRYHU\
57,3
75,1*
õ$OO ìVô
55,1*
SXWV DUH URXWHG EDFN LQWR WKH UHFHLYH LQSXWVï 7KLV WHVWV WKH
HQFRGHUVîGHFRGHUVñ MLWWHU DWWHQXDWRUñ WUDQVPLWWHUñ UHFHLYHU
DQG WLPLQJ UHFRYHU\ VHFWLRQVï ,Q +RVW PRGHñ ZULWLQJ D RQH
WR ELW 'ç RI WKH LQSXW GDWD E\WH FRPPDQGV /RFDO /RRSEDFN
,Q +DUGZDUH PRGHñ /RFDO /RRSEDFN LV FRPPDQGHG E\ VHWð
WLQJ //223 +LJKï ,I 7$26 DQG //223 DUH ERWK DFWLYHñ
WKH $OO 2QHV SDWWHUQ LV WUDQVPLWWHG RQWR WKH OLQH ZKLOH WKH
7326î71(* LQSXW GDWD ORRSV EDFN WR WKH 5326î51(*
RXWSXWV WKURXJK WKH MLWWHU DWWHQXDWRUï
5HPRWH /RRSEDFNï 6HH )LJXUH äï ,Q 5HPRWH /RRSEDFN
õ5/223ô PRGHñ WKH WUDQVPLW GDWD DQG FORFN LQSXWV õ7&/.
DQG 7326î71(* RU 7'$7$ô DUH LJQRUHGñ DQG WKH LQðOLQH
HQFRGHUV DQG GHFRGHUV DUH E\SDVVHGï 7KH 5326î51(* RU
5'$7$ RXWSXWV DUH ORRSHG EDFN WKURXJK WKH WUDQVPLW FLUð
FXLWV DQG RXWSXW RQ 77,3 DQG 75,1* DW WKH 5&/. IUHð
TXHQF\ï 5HFHLYHU FLUFXLWV DUH XQDIIHFWHG E\ WKH 5/223
FRPPDQG DQG FRQWLQXH WR RXWSXW WKH 5&/. DQG 5326î
51(* RU 5'$7$ VLJQDOV UHFHLYHG IURP WKH WZLVWHGðSDLU
OLQHï ,Q +RVW PRGHñ ZULWLQJ D RQH WR ELW 'è RI WKH LQSXW GDWD
E\WH FRPPDQGV 5HPRWH /RRSEDFNï ,Q +DUGZDUH PRGHñ
5HPRWH /RRSEDFN LV FRPPDQGHG E\ VHWWLQJ 5/223 +LJKï
)LJXUH äã 5HPRWH /RRSEDFN
5HPRWH /RRSEDFN
//223
/RZ
5/223
+LJK
7$26
/RZ
%
7UDQVPLW $OO 2QHV
ò /RFDO /RRSEDFN
//223
+LJK
5/223
/RZ
ó
7$26
7326
71(*
7&/.
77,3
7LPLQJ ÷
. ã ? W H F K G&RQWURO
R F V ? G D W D V K W V ? ê í í ? ê ì å ? ê ì å I í æ E7 5 , 1 *
õ$OO ìVô
äèìì
ó6HOHFWDEOH -$ 7[
RU 5[ 3DWK
ò
5&/.
51(*
5326
7LPLQJ
5HFRYHU\
/RFDO /RRSEDFN
7$26
7326
71(*
7&/.
//223
+LJK
7LPLQJ ÷
&RQWURO
ó
ó6HOHFWDEOH -$ 7[
RU 5[ 3DWK
7LPLQJ
5HFRYHU\
5/223
/RZ
75,1*
ó6HOHFWDEOH -$
7[ RU 5[ 3DWK
7LPLQJ
5HFRYHU\
57,3
55,1*
55,1*
7$26
/RZ
77,3
75,1*
õ$OO ìVô
57,3
55,1*
/RFDO /RRSEDFNï 6HH )LJXUH åï /RFDO /RRSEDFN õ//223ô
LV GHVLJQHG WR H[HUFLVH WKH PD[LPXP QXPEHU RI IXQFWLRQDO
EORFNVï 'XULQJ //223 RSHUDWLRQñ WKH 57,3î55,1* LQSXWV
IURP WKH OLQH DUH GLVFRQQHFWHGï ,QVWHDGñ WKH WUDQVPLW RXWð
êðéé
5&/.
51(*
5326
77,3
57,3
)LJXUH åã /RFDO /RRSEDFN
5&/.
51(*
5326
7LPLQJ ÷
&RQWURO
7326
71(*
7&/.
7$26
+LJK
1HWZRUN /RRSEDFN 'HWHFWLRQï ,Q +RVW PRGHñ WR VWDUW WKH
1HWZRUN /RRSEDFN GHWHFWLRQ PRGHñ ZULWH D RQH WR HDFK RI
5/223ñ //223ñ DQG 7$26 VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ DQG ZULWH DOO
íV LQ WKH QH[W F\FOHï ,Q +DUGZDUH PRGHñ KROG 5/223ñ
//223 DQG 7$26 +LJK VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ IRU ëíí QVñ WKHQ
SXOO WKHP DOO /RZï $OWHUQDWLYHO\ñ W\LQJ 5/223 WR 5&/.
ZLOO HQDEOH 1/223ï
:LWK 1/223 GHWHFWLRQ HQDEOHGñ WKH UHFHLYHU PRQLWRUV WKH
LQSXW GDWD IRU WKH 1/223 HQDEOH GDWD SDWWHUQ õííííìôï
:KHQ HLWKHU SDWWHUQ UHSHDWV IRU ILYH VHFRQGVñ WKH GHYLFH
EHJLQV UHPRWH ORRSEDFN RSHUDWLRQï 7KH /;7êìå UHVSRQGV
WR HLWKHU IUDPHG RU XQIUDPHG 1/223 SDWWHUQVï 2QFH WKH
GHYLFH EHJLQV 1/223 RSHUDWLRQñ WKH IXQFWLRQ LV LGHQWLFDO
WR UHPRWH ORRSEDFNï :KHQ LW GHWHFWV WKH GLVDEOH SDWWHUQ
õííìô IRU ILYH VHFRQGV RU LI 5/223 LV HQDEOHGñ WKH FKLS
UHVHWV 1/223ï $FWLYDWLQJ //223 LQWHUUXSWV 1/223
WHPSRUDULO\ñ EXW LW GRHV QRW UHVHW 1/223ï
L1
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
$33/,&$7,21 ,1)250$7,21
127(
7KLV DSSOLFDWLRQ LQIRUPDWLRQ LV IRU GHVLJQ DLG RQO\ï
/$71 '(&2',1* &,5&8,76 $1' (;7(5ð
1$/ &20321(176
7KH OLQH DWWHQXDWLRQ õ/$71ô RXWSXW LV HQFRGHG DV D VLPSOH
VHULDO ELW VWUHDP IRU XVH LQ OLQH PRQLWRULQJ DSSOLFDWLRQVï
)LJXUH ìí LV D W\SLFDO GHFRGLQJ FLUFXLW IRU WKH /$71 RXWSXWï
7DEOH ç SURYLGHV WKH GHFRGHG RXWSXW IRU HDFK HTXDOL]HU VHWð
WLQJï ,W XVHV D ëðELW V\QFKURQRXV FRXQWHU õKDOI RI D éðELW
FRXQWHUô ZLWK V\QFKURQRXV UHVHWñ DQG D SDLU RI IOLSðIORSVï
)LJXUH ìíã7\SLFDO /$71 'HFRGLQJ &LUFXLW
9&&
&,
&,
&2
&2
4
4
5&/.
5
5
32:(5 5(48,5(0(176
7KH /;7êìå LV D ORZðSRZHU &026 GHYLFHVï ,W RSHUDWHV
IURP D VLQJOH òè 9 SRZHU VXSSO\ ZKLFK FDQ EH FRQQHFWHG
H[WHUQDOO\ WR ERWK WKH WUDQVPLWWHU DQG UHFHLYHUï +RZHYHUñ
WKH WZR LQSXWV PXVW EH ZLWKLQ ‘ïê9 RI HDFK RWKHUñ DQG
GHFRXSOHG WR WKHLU UHVSHFWLYH JURXQGV VHSDUDWHO\ñ DV VKRZQ
LQ )LJXUH ììï ,VRODWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH WUDQVPLW DQG UHFHLYH FLUð
FXLWV LV SURYLGHG LQWHUQDOO\ï
-,77(5 $77(18$7,21 &,5&8,75< (;ð
7(51$/ &5<67$/ 63(&,),&$7,216
7DEOH æ VKRZV WKH PLQLPXP VSHFLILFDWLRQV IRU WKH H[WHUQDO
FU\VWDO XVHG E\ WKH /;7êìå MLWWHU DWWHQXDWLRQ ORRSï
ï
7DEOH æã /;7êìå &U\VWDO 6SHFLILFDWLRQV
õ([WHUQDOô
3DUDPHWHU
4
4
'
/ì
'
/ë
7DEOH çã /LQH $WWHQXDWLRQ 'HFRGLQJ
/ë
/ì
/LQH $WWHQXDWLRQ
í
í
íïí G%
í
ì
ðäïè G%
ì
í
ðìäïè G%
ì
ì
ðëåïè G%
ë
ê
é
è
6SHFLILFDWLRQ
)UHTXHQF\
åïìäë 0+]
)UHTXHQF\ VWDELOLW\
‘ëí SSP # ëèƒ &
‘ëè SSP # ðéíƒ WR òåèƒ &
õUHI ëèƒ & UHDGLQJô
3XOODELOLW\
õ3XOO UDQJH PD\ EH
VOLJKWO\ DV\PPHWULð
FDOô
&/ ìä S) WR êæ S)ñ FU\VWDO
VKRXOG SXOO ðäè SSP WR ðììè SSP
IURP QRPLQDO IUHTXHQF\
&/ ìä S) WR ììïç S)ñ FU\VWDO
VKRXOG SXOO òäè SSP WR òìêí
SSP IURP QRPLQDO IUHTXHQF\
(IIHFWLYH VHULHV
UHVLVWDQFH
êí Ω PD[LPXP
&U\VWDO FXW
$7
5HVRQDQFH
3DUDOOHO
'ULYH OHYHO
ëïí P: PD[LPXP
0RGH RI RSHUDWLRQ
)XQGDPHQWDO
&U\VWDO KROGHU
+&éä õ5ê:ôñ &2 æ S) PD[Lð
PXP
&0 ìæ I) W\SLFDOâ
/$71
ì
æ
å
ä
ìí
ìì
ìë
ìê
ìé
ìè
L1
êðéè
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
/;7êìå +RVW 0RGH $SSOLFDWLRQV
)LJXUH ìì VKRZV D W\SLFDO (ì 178 DSSOLFDWLRQ ZLWK WKH
/;7êìå RSHUDWLQJ LQ WKH +RVW PRGH õ02'( SLQ WLHG
+LJKôï 7KH (ìî&5& )UDPHU SURYLGHV WKH GLJLWDO LQWHUIDFH
ZLWK WKH KRVW FRQWUROOHUï %RWK GHYLFHV DUH FRQWUROOHG
WKURXJK WKH VHULDO LQWHUIDFHï ,Q WKH +RVW PRGHñ WKH /26
DODUP LV UHSRUWHG YLD WKH VHULDO SRUW VR WKH /26 SLQ LV QRW
XVHG õDOWKRXJK LW VWLOO UHSRUWV YDOLG /26 VWDWXVïô
7KH åïìäë 0+] FU\VWDO DFURVV ;7$/,1 DQG ;7$/287
HQDEOHV WKH -$/ ZKLFK LV VZLWFKHG WR WKH WUDQVPLW VLGH E\
WKH JURXQG RQ -$6(/ï 7KH SRZHU VXSSO\ LQSXWV DUH WLHG WR
D FRPPRQ EXV ZLWK DSSURSULDWH GHFRXSOLQJ FDSDFLWRUV
õçå P) DQG íïì “)ô LQVWDOOHG RQ HDFK VLGHï
7KH OLQH LQWHUIDFHV DUH UHODWLYHO\ VLPSOHï $ ìëí Ω UHVLVWRU
õIRU 7:3 DSSOLFDWLRQVô DFURVV WKH LQSXW RI D ìãì WUDQVð
IRUPHU LV XVHG RQ WKH UHFHLYH VLGHñ DQG D SDLU RI ìè Ω UHVLVð
WRUV DUH LQVWDOOHG LQ VHULHV ZLWK WKH ìãë WUDQVPLW
WUDQVIRUPHUï
)LJXUH ììã7\SLFDO /;7êìå +RVW 0RGH (ìî178 $SSOLFDWLRQ õìëí Ω 7ZLVWHG 3DLUô
7R +RVW &RQWUROOHU
ëïíéå 0+] &ORFN
/;7êìå
(ì &5&é
75$16&(,9(5
)5$0(5
706<1&
7)6<1&
0&/.
&/.(
&6
7&/.
7&/.
6&/.
6'2
7326
7326
&6
6',
71(*
71(*
6'2
,17
636
02'(
6',
51(*
51(*
,17
5326
5326
5*1'
5&/.
5&/.
59ò
ò9
ò9
6&/.
ëë NΩ
ïì µ)
ëïíéå 0+]
;7$/,1
åïìäë 0+]
/26
êðéç
(ì /,1(
5(&(,9(
ìëí Ω
;7$/287
57,3
-$6(/
/$71
/26
*1'
77,3
75,1*
7*1'
íïì µ)
55,1*
çå µ)
79ò
ìãì
7R /$71
'HFRGLQJ &LUFXLW
ìè Ω
ëïíéå 0ESV
(ì /,1(
75$160,7
ìè Ω
ì:2
ò9
L1
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
/;7êìå +DUGZDUH 0RGH $SSOLFDWLRQV
)LJXUH ìë VKRZV D W\SLFDO ëïíéå 0ESV DSSOLFDWLRQ ZLWK WKH
/;7êìå RSHUDWLQJ LQ WKH +DUGZDUH PRGHï 7KLV FRQILJXUDð
WLRQ LV LOOXVWUDWHG ZLWK D VLQJOH SRZHU VXSSO\ EXVï &026
FRQWURO ORJLF LV XVHG WR VHW WKH 7$26ñ //223 DQG 5/223
GLDJQRVWLF PRGHV LQGLYLGXDOO\ï 7KH 5&/. RXWSXW LV WDSSHG
WR FORFN WKH 02'( SLQñ HQDEOLQJ +'%ê HQFRGLQJï 7KH
UHFHLYH DQG WUDQVPLW OLQH LQWHUIDFHV DUH LGHQWLFDO WR WKH
+RVW PRGH DSSOLFDWLRQ VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH ììï
ë
)LJXUH ìëã7\SLFDO /;7êìå +DUGZDUH 0RGH $SSOLFDWLRQ õìëí Ω 7ZLVWHG 3DLUô
ê
ëïíéå 0+] &ORFN
é
/;7êìå
75$16&(,9(5
(ì
)5$0(5
0&/.
7$26
7&/.
7&/.
//223
7326
7326
5/223
71(*
71(*
*1'
02'(
*1'
51(*
51(*
1/223
5326
5326
è
)URP &026
&RQWURO /RJLF
æ
å
ä
5*1'
ïì µ)
5&/.
5&/.
;7$/,1
ìí
59ò
ìì
55,1*
åïìäë 0+]
(ì /,1(
5(&(,9(
ìëí Ω
;7$/287
57,3
ìë
ìãì
-$6(/
/26
77,3
7*1'
íïì µ)
L1
/$71
7R /$71
'HFRGLQJ &LUFXLW
ìê
*1'
75,1*
ìè Ω
ìé
ëïíéå 0ESV
(ì /,1(
75$160,7
79ò
ìè Ω
çå µ)
ì
ìè
ìãë
ò9
êðéæ
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
)LJXUH ìêã7\SLFDO /;7êìå +DUGZDUH 0RGH $SSOLFDWLRQ õæè Ω &RD[ô
ëïíéå 0+] &ORFN
/;7êìå
75$16&(,9(5
(ì
)5$0(5
0&/.
7$26
7&/.
7&/.
//223
7326
7326
5/223
71(*
71(*
*1'
02'(
*1'
51(*
51(*
1/223
5326
5326
)URP &026
&RQWURO /RJLF
5*1'
ïì µ)
5&/.
5&/.
;7$/,1
59ò
55,1*
åïìäë 0+]
(ì /,1(
5(&(,9(
æè Ω
;7$/287
57,3
ìãì
-$6(/
/$71
7R /$71
'HFRGLQJ &LUFXLW
/26
/26
77,3
7*1'
íïì µ)
êðéå
*1'
75,1*
äïì Ω
ëïíéå 0ESV
(ì /,1(
75$160,7
79ò
äïì Ω
çå µ)
ìãë
ò9
L1
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
7(67 63(&,),&$7,216
127(
7KH PLQLPXP DQG PD[LPXP YDOXHV LQ 7DEOHV å WKURXJK ìé DQG )LJXUHV ìå WKURXJK ëë UHSUHVHQW WKH SHUIRUPDQFH VSHFLILð
FDWLRQV RI WKH /;7êìå DQG DUH JXDUDQWHHG E\ WHVW ñ H[FHSW ZKHUH QRWHG E\ GHVLJQï
7DEOH åã $EVROXWH 0D[LPXP 5DWLQJV
3DUDPHWHUV
6\PERO
0LQ
0D[
8QLWV
59òñ 79ò
¤
çïí
9
,QSXW YROWDJHñ DQ\ SLQ
9,1
5*1'ñ ðíïê
59òñ òíïê
9
,QSXW FXUUHQWñ DQ\ SLQ ì
,,1
ðìí
ìí
P$
767*
ðçè
ìèí
ƒ&
'& VXSSO\ õUHIHUHQFHG WR *1'ô
6WRUDJH WHPSHUDWXUH
ì
ë
ê
é
è
&$87,21
2SHUDWLRQ DW RU EH\RQG WKHVH OLPLWV PD\ SHUPDQHQWO\ GDPDJH WKH GHYLFHï 1RUPDO RSHUDWLRQ QRW JXDUDQWHHG
DW WKHVH H[WUHPHVï
ìï 7UDQVLHQW &XUUHQWV RI XS WR ìíí P$ ZLOO QRW FDXVH 6&5 ODWFKðXSï 77,3 75,1*ñ 79òñ 7*1' FDQ ZLWKVWDQG FRQWLQXRXV FXUUHQW RI ìíí P$ï
æ
7DEOH äã 2SHUDWLQJ &RQGLWLRQV DQG &KDUDFWHULVWLFV
3DUDPHWHU
6\PERO
0LQ
7\Sì
0D[
8QLWV
59òñ 79ò
éïæè
èïí
èïëè
9
$PELHQW RSHUDWLQJ WHPSHUDWXUH
7$
ðéí
ð
òåè
ƒ&
3RZHU GLVVLSDWLRQê
3'
ð
êíí
éíí
P:
'& VXSSO\ë
7HVW &RQGLWLRQV
å
ìííø RQHV GHQVLW\ ÷ PD[Lð
PXP OLQH OHQJWK # èïëè 9
ìï 7\SLFDO ILJXUHV DUH DW ëè ƒ& DQG DUH IRU GHVLJQ DLG RQO\â QRW JXDUDQWHHG DQG QRW VXEMHFW WR SURGXFWLRQ WHVWLQJï
ëï 79ò PXVW QRW GLIIHU IURP 59ò E\ PRUH WKDQ íïê 9ï
êï 3RZHU GLVVLSDWLRQ ZKLOH GULYLQJ ëè Ω ORDG RYHU RSHUDWLQJ WHPSHUDWXUH UDQJHï ,QFOXGHV GHYLFH DQG ORDGï 'LJLWDO LQSXW OHYHOV DUH ZLWKLQ ìíø RI WKH
VXSSO\ UDLOV DQG GLJLWDO RXWSXWV DUH GULYLQJ D èí S) FDSDFLWLYH ORDGï
6\P
0LQ
7\S
0D[
8QLWV
+LJK OHYHO LQSXW YROWDJHìñë õSLQV ìðèñ ìíñ ëêðëåô
9,+
ëïí
¤
¤
9
/RZ OHYHO LQSXW YROWDJH
9,/
¤
¤
íïå
9
+LJK OHYHO LQSXW YROWDJHìñë õSLQV çðåñ ìëñ ëêñ ëèô
92+
ëïé
¤
¤
9
,287
ðéíí “$
/RZ OHYHO LQSXW YROWDJHìñë õSLQV çðåñ ìëñ ëêñ ëèô
92/
¤
¤
íïé
9
,287
ìïç P$
,QSXW OHDNDJH FXUUHQW
,//
í
¤
‘ìí
“$
7KUHHðVWDWH OHDNDJH FXUUHQWì õSLQ ëèô
,ê/
í
¤
‘ìí
“$
'ULYHU SRZHU GRZQ FXUUHQWê
,3'
¤
¤
‘ìïë
P$
ìñë
õSLQV ìðèñ ìíñ ëêðëåô
7HVW &RQGLWLRQV
ìë
ìê
ìé
'LUHFW FRQQHFWLRQ WR 9FF RU *1'
ìï )XQFWLRQDOLW\ RI SLQV ëê DQG ëè GHSHQGV RQ PRGHï 6HH +RVWî+DUGZDUH 0RGH GHVFULSWLRQVï
ëï 2XWSXW GULYHUV ZLOO RXWSXW &026 ORJLF OHYHOV LQWR &026 ORDGVï
êï 77,3ñ 75,1* RQO\ LQ ,GOH RU 3RZHU 'RZQ 0RGHï
L1
ìí
ìì
7DEOH ìíã 'LJLWDO &KDUDFWHULVWLFV õ7$ ðéí WR åè ƒ&ñ 9ò èïí 9 ‘èøñ *1' í 9ô
3DUDPHWHU
ä
êðéä
ìè
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
7DEOH ììã $QDORJ &KDUDFWHULVWLFV õ7$ ðéí WR åè ƒ&ñ 9ò èïí 9 ‘èøñ *1' í 9ô
0LQ
7\Sì
0D[
8QLWV
5HFRPPHQGHG RXWSXW ORDG DW 77,3 DQG 75,1*
èí
ìëí
ëíí
Ω
$0, RXWSXW SXOVH DPSOLWXGHV
ëïæ
êïí
êïê
9
ëí +] ð ìííN+]ê
¤
¤
íïíè
8,
ëí +] ð ìííN+]
íïë
íïê
¤
8,
ìí +]
ìíí
èíí
¤
8,
-LWWHU DWWHQXDWLRQ FXUYH FRUQHU IUHTXHQF\é
¤
ê
¤
+]
5HFHLYH VLJQDO DWWHQXDWLRQ UDQJH
í
éê
¤
G%
ìçí
ìæè
ìäí
¤
èì N+] ð ìíë N+]
¤
ìå
¤
G%
ìíë N+] ð ëïíéå 0+]
¤
ëé
¤
G%
ëïíéå 0+] ð êïíæë 0+]
¤
ëë
¤
G%
èì N+] ð ìíë N+]
¤
ëí
¤
G%
ìíë N+] ð ëïíéå 0+]
¤
ëé
¤
G%
ëïíéå 0+] ð êïíæë 0+]
¤
ëë
¤
G%
3DUDPHWHU
-LWWHU DGGHG E\ WKH WUDQVPLWWHUë
,QSXW MLWWHU WROHUDQFH
$OORZDEOH FRQVHFXWLYH ]HURV EHIRUH /26
7UDQVPLWWHU UHWXUQ ORVVê
5HFHLYHU UHWXUQ ORVVêñ è
7HVW &RQGLWLRQV
0HDVXUHG DW WKH RXWSXW
í ð éê G% OLQH
ìï 7\SLFDO ILJXUHV DUH DW ëè ƒ& DQG DUH IRU GHVLJQ DLG RQO\ñ QRW JXDUDQWHHG DQG QRW VXEMHFW WR SURGXFWLRQ WHVWLQJï
ëï ,QSXW VLJQDO WR 7&/. LV MLWWHU IUHHï
êï *XDUDQWHHG E\ FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQâ QRW VXEMHFW WR SURGXFWLRQ WHVWLQJï
éï &LUFXLW DWWHQXDWHV MLWWHU DW ëí G%îGHFDGH DERYH WKH FRUQHU IUHTXHQF\ï
èï 0HDVXUHG ZLWK ìãì WUDQVIRUPHU WHUPLQDWHG ZLWK ìëí Ω UHVLVWDQFHï
êðèí
L1
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
7DEOH ìëã /;7êìå 0DVWHU &ORFN DQG 7UDQVPLW 7LPLQJ &KDUDFWHULVWLFV õ6HH )LJXUH ìéô
6\P
0LQ
7\Sì
0D[
8QLWV
0DVWHU FORFN IUHTXHQF\
0&/.
¤
ëïíéå
¤
0+]
0DVWHU FORFN WROHUDQFH
0&/.W
¤
‘ìíí
¤
SSP
0DVWHU FORFN GXW\ F\FOH
0&/.G
éí
¤
çí
ø
IF
¤
åïìäë
¤
0+]
7UDQVPLW FORFN IUHTXHQF\
7&/.
¤
ëïíéå
¤
0+]
7UDQVPLW FORFN WROHUDQFH
7&/.W
¤
¤
‘ìíí
SSP
7UDQVPLW FORFN GXW\ F\FOH
7&/.G
ìí
¤
äí
ø
7326î71(* WR 7&/. VHWXS WLPH
W687
èí
¤
¤
QV
7&/. WR 7326î71(* KROG WLPH
W+7
èí
¤
¤
QV
3DUDPHWHU
&U\VWDO IUHTXHQF\
1RWHV
ì
ë
ê
é
è
ìï 7\SLFDO ILJXUHV DUH DW ëè ƒ& DQG DUH IRU GHVLJQ DLG RQO\â QRW JXDUDQWHHG DQG QRW VXEMHFW WR SURGXFWLRQ WHVWLQJï
æ
)LJXUH ìéã/;7êìå 7UDQVPLW &ORFN 7LPLQJ
7&/.
W 687
å
W +7
7326
ä
71(*
ìí
ìì
ìë
ìê
ìé
ìè
L1
êðèì
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
)LJXUH ìèã /;7êìå 5HFHLYH &ORFN 7LPLQJ
W3:
5&/.
W3:+
W685
W3:/
W+5
+267 02'(
5326
51(*
W685
&/.(
W+5
ì
+267 02'(
5326
&/.(
í÷
+î: 02'(
51(*
7DEOH ìêã /;7êìå 5HFHLYH 7LPLQJ &KDUDFWHULVWLFV õ6HH )LJXUH ìèô
6\P
0LQ
7\Sì
0D[
8QLWV
5HFHLYH FORFN GXW\ F\FOHë
5&/.G
éí
èí
çí
ø
5HFHLYH FORFN SXOVH ZLGWKë
W3:
ð
éåå
ð
QV
5HFHLYH FORFN SXOVH ZLGWK +LJK
W3:+
ð
ëéé
ð
QV
5HFHLYH FORFN SXOVH ZLGWK /RZ
W3:/
ëëí
ëéé
ëçå
QV
5326î51(* WR 5&/. ULVLQJ VHWXS WLPH
W685
ð
ìäé
ð
QV
5&/. ULVLQJ WR 5326î51(* KROG WLPH
W+5
ð
ìäé
ð
QV
3DUDPHWHU
1RWHV
ìï 7\SLFDO ILJXUHV DUH DW ëèƒ & DQG DUH IRU GHVLJQ DLG RQO\â QRW JXDUDQWHHG DQG QRW VXEMHFW WR SURGXFWLRQ WHVWLQJï
ëï 5&/. GXW\ F\FOH ZLGWKV ZLOO YDU\ GHSHQGLQJ RQ H[WHQW RI UHFHLYHG SXOVH MLWWHU GLVSODFHPHQWï 0D[ DQG PLQ 5&/. GXW\ F\FOHV DUH IRU ZRUVW FDVH
MLWWHU FRQGLWLRQV õíïé 8, FORFN GLVSODFHPHQW IRU ëïíéå 0ESVïô
êðèë
L1
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
7DEOH ìéã /;7êìå 6HULDO ,î2 7LPLQJ &KDUDFWHULVWLFV õ6HH )LJXUHV ìç DQG ìæô
6\P
0LQ
7\Sì
0D[
8QLWV
3DUDPHWHU
5LVHîIDOO WLPH¥DQ\ GLJLWDO RXWSXW
W5)
¤
¤
ìíí
QV
/RDG ìïç P$ñ èí S)
6', WR 6&/. VHWXS WLPH
W'&
èí
¤
¤
QV
6&/. WR 6', KROG WLPH
W&'+
èí
¤
¤
QV
6&/. ORZ WLPH
W&/
ëéí
¤
¤
QV
6&/. KLJK WLPH
W&+
ëéí
¤
¤
QV
W5ñ W)
¤
¤
èí
QV
&6 IDOOLQJ HGJH WR 6&/. ULVLQJ HGJH
W&&
èí
¤
¤
QV
/DVW 6&/. HGJH WR &6 ULVLQJ HGJH
W&&+
ìèí
¤
¤
QV
&6 LQDFWLYH WLPH
W&:+
ëèí
¤
¤
QV
6&/. WR 6'2 YDOLG WLPH
W&'9
¤
¤
ëíí
QV
6&/. IDOOLQJ HGJH RU &6 ULVLQJ HGJH WR 6'2 KLJKð=
W&'=
¤
ìíí
¤
QV
3DUDPHWHU
6&/. ULVH DQG IDOO WLPH
ë
ê
é
è
æ
ìï 7\SLFDO ILJXUHV DUH DW ëè ƒ & DQG DUH IRU GHVLJQ DLG RQO\â QRW JXDUDQWHHG DQG QRW VXEMHFW WR SURGXFWLRQ WHVWLQJï
)LJXUH ìçã /;7êìå 6HULDO 'DWD ,QSXW 7LPLQJ 'LDJUDP
å
&6
W&&
6&/.
W'&
6',
W&+
W&&+
W&:+
ä
W&/
W&'+
/6%
&21752/ %<7(
ìí
W&'+
06%
/6%
ìì
'$7$ %<7(
ìë
)LJXUH ìæã /;7êìå 6HULDO 'DWD 2XWSXW 7LPLQJ 'LDJUDP
&6
ìê
6&/.
W&'9
6'2
&/.( í
L1
ìé
W&'=
6'2
&/.( ì
ì
+,*+ =
W&'9
ìè
+,*+ =
êðèê
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
)LJXUH ìåã /;7êìå -LWWHU 7ROHUDQFH # éê G% õ7\SLFDOô
ìN 8O
èíí 8O #
ìí +]
-LWWHU õ8,SSô
ìíí 8O
/;7êìå -LWWHU 7ROHUDQFH
ìí 8O
ìïè 8Oî
ëí +]
ìïè 8O
ì 8O
,78 *ïåëê 7HPSODWH
6ORSH HTXLYDOHQW WR ëí
G% SHU GHFDGH
íïë 8O
ïì 8O
ìïè 8Oî
ëïé N+]
ì +]
ìí +]
ìíí +]
ì N+]
íïè 8O #
ìí N+]
íïë 8O #
ìå N+]
ìí N+]
ìíí N+]
)UHTXHQF\
)LJXUH ìäã /;7êìå -LWWHU $WWHQXDWLRQ õ7\SLFDOô
ëí G%
íïè G% î ê +]
íïè G% î éí +]
$WWHQXDWLRQ
í G%
,78 *ïæêç 7HPSODWH
6ORSH HTXLYDOHQW WR
ëí GE SHU GHFLGH
ìäïè G%
î éíí +]
ìí G%
ìäïè G%
î ëí N+]
ðëí G%
ðêí G%
/;7êìå 3HUIRUPDQFH
ðéí G%
ðçí G%
ì +]
ìí +]
ìíí +]
ì N+]
ìí N+]
ìíí N+]
)UHTXHQF\
êðèé
L1
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
)LJXUH ëíã ,QSXW DQG 0D[LPXP 2XWSXW -LWWHU 6SHFLILHG E\ 7%5ìëîìê
ìïç
ì
ìïé
-LWWHU õ8OSSô
ìïë
ë
ìïí
ê
íïå
íïç
íïé
é
,QSXW -LWWHU õ8OSSô
0D[LPXP 2XWSXW -LWWHU SHU 7%5ìëîìê
è
íïë
íïí
ìí +]
ìíí +]
ì N+]
ìí N+]
ìíí N+]
)UHTXHQF\
æ
)LJXUH ëìã /;7êìå -LWWHU $WWHQXDWLRQ 3HUIRUPDQFH õ7\SLFDO¤0HDVXUHG $JDLQVW 7%5ìëîìêô
-LWWHU $PSOLWXGH õ8OSSô
íïë
å
0D[LPXP 2XWSXW -LWWHU õ8OSSô
/;7êìå 2XWSXW -LWWHU õ8OSSô
íïìè
ä
ìí
íïì
ìì
íïíè
í
ìë
ìí +]
ìíí +]
ì N+]
)UHTXHQF\
ìí N+]
ìíí N+]
ìê
ìé
ìè
L1
êðèè
/;7êìå (ì 178î,6'1 35, 7UDQVFHLYHU
)LJXUH ëëã ëïíéå 0ESV 3XOVH 0DVN
20%
20%
V = 100%
10% 10%
269 ns
(244+25)
194 ns
(244- 50)
NOMINAL PULSE
50%
244 ns
20%
10% 10%
0%
10% 10%
219 ns
(244-25)
488 ns
(244+244)
7DEOH ìèã ëïíéå 0ESV 3XOVH 0DVN 3DUDPHWHUV
3DUDPHWHU
73:
8QLWV
7HVW ORDG LPSHGDQFH
ìëí
Ω
1RPLQDO SHDN PDUN YROWDJH
êïí
9
1RPLQDO SHDN VSDFH YROWDJH
í ‘ íïêí
9
ëéé
QV
5DWLR RI SRVLWLYH DQG QHJDWLYH SXOVH DPSOLWXGH DW FHQWHU RI SXOVH
äèðìíè
ø
5DWLR RI SRVLWLYH DQG QHJDWLYH SXOVH DPSOLWXGHV DW QRPLQDO KDOI DPSOLWXGH
äèðìíè
ø
1RPLQDO SXOVH ZLGWK
êðèç
L1