NCV4299 150 mA Low−Dropout Voltage Regulator The NCV4299 is a family of precision micropower voltage regulators with an output current capability of 150 mA. It is available in 5.0 V or 3.3 V output voltage, and is housed in an 8−lead SON and in a 14−lead SON (fused) package. The output voltage is accurate within "2% with a maximum dropout voltage of 0.5 V at 100 mA. Low Quiescent current is a feature drawing only 90 mA with a 1 mA load. This part is ideal for any and all battery operated microprocessor equipment. The device features microprocessor interfaces including an adjustable reset output and adjustable system monitor to provide shutdown early warning. An inhibit function is available on the 14−lead part. With inhibit active, the regulator turns off and the device consumes less than 1.0 mA of quiescent current. The part can withstand load dump transients making it suitable for use in automotive environments. http://onsemi.com MARKING DIAGRAMS 8 SO−8 D SUFFIX CASE 751 8 1 4299 ALYW G 1 14 NCV4299G AWLYWW Features • 5.0 V, 3.3 V "2%, 150 mA • Extremely Low Current Consumption 14 90 mA (Typ) in the ON Mode ♦ t1.0 mA in the Off Mode Early Warning Reset Output Low Down to VQ = 1.0 V Adjustable Reset Threshold Wide Temperature Range Fault Protection ♦ 60 V Peak Transient Voltage ♦ −40 V Reverse Voltage ♦ Short Circuit ♦ Thermal Overload Internally Fused Leads in the SO−14 Package Inhibit Function with mA Current Consumption in the Off Mode NCV Prefix for Automotive and Other Applications Requiring Site and Change Control Pb−Free Packages are Available ♦ • • • • • • • • • 1 SO−14 1 D SUFFIX CASE 751A 14 V4299xxG AWLYWW 1 xx = 33 (3.3 V Version) = 50 (5.0 V Version) A = Assembly Location L, WL = Wafer Lot Y = Year W, WW = Work Week G = Pb−Free Package G = Pb−Free Package (Note: Microdot may be in either location) PIN CONNECTIONS I 1 8 SI RADJ SO RO D GND 1 RADJ D GND GND GND INH RO Q 14 SI I GND GND GND Q SO ORDERING INFORMATION See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package dimensions section on page 21 of this data sheet. © Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2006 April, 2006 − Rev. 16 1 Publication Order Number: NCV4299/D NCV4299 Q I Bandgap Reference Current Limit and Saturation Sense − + RSO RRO SO 1.36 V + − SI 8 mA + + − RADJ RO − + 1.85 V D GND Figure 1. SO−8 Simplified Block Diagram PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION − SO−8 PACKAGE Pin Symbol Description 1 I 2 SI 3 RADJ 4 D 5 GND 6 RO Reset Output. NPN collector output with internal 20 kW pullup to Q. Notifies user of out of regulation condition. Leave open if not used. 7 SO Sense Output. NPN collector output with internal 20 kW pullup to Q. Can be used to provide early warning of an impending reset condition. Leave open if not used. 8 Q Input. Battery Supply Input Voltage. Bypass directly to GND with ceramic capacitor. Sense Input. Can provide an early warning signal of an impending reset condition when used with SO. Connect to Q if not used. Reset Adjust. Use resistor divider to Q to adjust reset threshold lower. Connect to GND if not used. Reset Delay. Connect external capacitor to ground to set delay time. Ground. 5.0 V, 3.3 V, "2%, 150 mA output. Use 22 mF, ESR t 5.0 W to ground. http://onsemi.com 2 NCV4299 Q I Bandgap Reference Current Limit and Saturation Sense − + RSO RRO INH SO 1.36 V SI + − 8 mA + + − RADJ RO − + 1.85 V D GND Figure 2. SO−14 Simplified Block Diagram PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION − SO−14 PACKAGE Pin Symbol Description 1 RADJ 2 D 3 GND Ground. 4 GND Ground. 5 GND Ground. 6 INH Inhibit. Connect to I if not needed. A high turns the regulator on. 7 RO Reset Output. NPN collector output with internal 20 kW pullup to Q. Notifies user of out of regulation condition. 8 SO Sense Output. NPN collector output with internal 20 kW pullup to Q. Can be used to provide early warning of an impending reset condition. 9 Q 10 GND Ground. 11 GND Ground. 12 GND Ground. 13 I 14 SI Reset Adjust. Use resistor divider to Q to adjust reset threshold lower. Connect to GND if not used. Reset Delay. Connect external capacitor to ground to set delay time. 5.0 V, 3.3 V, "2%, 150 mA output. Use 22 mF, ESR t 5.0 W to ground. Input. Battery Supply Input Voltage. Sense Input. Can provide an early warning signal of an impending reset condition when used with SO. http://onsemi.com 3 NCV4299 MAXIMUM RATINGS Rating Symbol Min Max Unit Input Voltage to Regulator (DC) VI −40 45 V Input Peak Transient Voltage to Regulator wrt GND − − 60 V VINH −40 45 V Sense Input (SI) VSI −0.3 45 V Sense Input (SI) ISI −1.0 1.0 mA Reset Threshold (RADJ) VRE −0.3 7.0 V Reset Threshold (RADJ) IRE −10 10 mA Reset Delay (D) VD −0.3 7.0 V Reset Output (RO) VRO −0.3 7.0 V Sense Output (SO) VSO −0.3 7.0 V Output (Q) VQ −0.3 16 V Output (Q) IQ −5.0 − mA ESD Capability, Human Body Model (Note 5) ESDHB 2.0 − kV ESD Capability, Machine Model (Note 5) ESDMM 200 − V ESD Capability, Charged Device Model (Note 5) ESDCDM 1.0 − kV Junction Temperature TJ − 150 °C Storage Temperature Tstg −50 150 °C 4.5 4.4 45 45 −40 150 Inhibit (INH) (Note 1) OPERATING RANGE Input Voltage 5.0 V Version 3.3 V Version VI Junction Temperature TJ V °C LEAD TEMPERATURE SOLDERING REFLOW (Note 3) Lead Temperature Soldering (Note 5) Reflow (SMD styles only), leaded 60−150 sec above 183, 30 sec max at peak TSLD Reflow (SMD styles only), lead free 60s−150 sec above 217, 40 sec max at peak TSLD Moisture Sensitivity Level MSL °C − 240 Pk − 265 Pk °C Level 1 Stresses exceeding Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Functional operation above the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses above the Recommended Operating Conditions may affect device reliability. 1. 14 pin package only. 2. Preliminary numbers. 3. Per IPC / JEDEC J−STD−020C. 4. Measured to Pin 4. All ground pins connected to ground. 5. This device series incorporates ESD protection and is tested by the following methods: ESD HBM tested per AEC−Q100−002 (EIA/JESD22−A114) ESD MM tested per AEC−Q100−003 (EIA/JESD22−A115) ESD CDM tested per EIA/JES D22/C101, Field Induced Charge Model. http://onsemi.com 4 NCV4299 THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS Characteristic SO−8 SO−14 Unit Test Conditions (Typical Value) Note 6 Note 7 Note 8 Junction−to−Tab (yJLx, qJLx) Junction−to−Ambient (RθJA, qJA) 54 172 52 144 48 118 Junction−to−Tab (yJLx, qJLx) Junction−to−Ambient (RθJA, qJA) 19 112 21 89 20 67 °C/W °C/W 6. 2 oz Copper, 50 mm sq Copper area, 1.5 mm thick FR4 7. 2 oz Copper, 150 mm sq Copper area, 1.5 mm thick FR4 8. 2 oz Copper, 500 mm sq Copper area, 1.5 mm thick FR4 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (−40°C < TJ < 150°C; VI = 13.5 V unless otherwise noted.) Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Output Q Output Voltage (5.0 V Version) VQ 1.0 mA < IQ < 150 mA, 6.0 V < VI < 16 V 4.9 5.0 5.1 V Output Voltage (3.3 V Version) VQ 1.0 mA < IQ < 150 mA, 5.5 V < VI < 16 V 3.23 3.3 3.37 V Current Limit IQ 250 400 500 mA Quiescent Current (Iq = II – IQ) Iq INH ON, IQ < 1.0 mA, TJ = 25°C − 86 100 mA Quiescent Current (Iq = II – IQ) Iq INH ON, IQ < 1.0 mA − 90 105 mA Quiescent Current (Iq = II – IQ) Iq INH ON, IQ = 10 mA − 170 500 mA Quiescent Current (Iq = II – IQ) Iq INH ON, IQ = 50 mA − 0.7 2.0 mA Quiescent Current (Iq = II – IQ) Iq INH = 0 V, TJ = 25°C − − 1.0 mA IQ = 100 mA − 0.22 0.50 V Dropout Voltage (Note 9) Vdr − Load Regulation DVQ IQ = 1.0 mA to 100 mA − 5.0 30 mV Line Regulation DVQ VI = 6.0 V to 28 V, IQ = 1.0 mA − 10 25 mV Power Supply Ripple Rejection PSRR ƒr = 100 Hz, Vr = 1.0 Vpp, IQ = 100 mA − 66 − dB VQ < 1.0 V − − 0.8 V VQ > 4.85 V VQ > 3.2 V 3.5 3.5 − − − − − − 3.0 0.5 10 2.0 4.50 2.96 4.60 3.06 4.80 3.16 10 20 40 − − 0.17 0.17 0.40 0.40 5.6 − − kW Inhibit (INH) (14 Pin Package Only) Inhibit Off Voltage VINHOFF Inhibit On Voltage 5.0 V Version 3.3 V Version VINHON Input Current IINHON IINHOFF V INH ON INH = 0 V mA Reset (RO) Switching Threshold 5.0 V Version 3.3 V Version Vrt Output Resistance RRO Reset Output Low Voltage 5.0 V Version 3.3 V Version VRO Allowable External Reset Pullup Resistor − − kW V Q < 4.5 V, Internal RRO, IRO = −1.0 mA Q < 2.96 V, Internal RRO, IRO = −1.0 mA VROext V External Resistor to Q Delay Upper Threshold VUD − 1.5 1.85 2.2 V Delay Lower Threshold VLD − 0.4 0.5 0.6 V 9. Measured when the output voltage VQ has dropped 100 mV from the nominal value obtained at VI = 13.5 V. http://onsemi.com 5 NCV4299 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (−40°C < TJ < 150°C; VI = 13.5 V unless otherwise noted.) Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max − − − 0.017 0.1 0.1 Q < 4.5 V, Internal RRO, VD = 1.0 V Q < 2.96 V, Internal RRO, VD = 1.0 V 4.0 − 7.1 − 12 − Unit Reset (RO) Delay Output Low Voltage 5.0 V Version 3.3 V Version VD V Delay Charge Current 5.0 V Version 3.3 V Version ID Power On Reset Delay Time td CD = 100 nF 17 28 35 ms Reset Reaction Time trr CD = 100 nF 0.5 2.2 4.0 ms Q > 3.5 V Q > 2.3 V 1.26 − 1.36 − 1.44 − Q < 4.5 V, Internal RRO Q < 2.96 V, Internal RRO Reset Adjust Switching Threshold 5.0 V Version 3.3 V Version mA VRADJ,TH V Input Voltage Sense (SI and SO) Sense Input Threshold High VSI,HIGH − 1.34 1.45 1.54 V Sense Input Threshold Low VSI,LOW − 1.26 1.36 1.44 V 50 90 130 mV Sense Input Hysteresis − (Sense Threshold High) − (Sense Threshold Low) Sense Input Current ISI − −1.0 0.1 1.0 mA Sense Output Resistance RSO − 10 20 40 kW Sense Output Low Voltage VSO − 0.1 0.4 V VSI < 1.20 V, VI > 4.2 V, ISO = 0 mA Allowable External Sense Out Pullup Resistor RSOext − 5.6 − − kW SI High to SO High Reaction Time tpdSOLH − − 4.4 8.0 ms SI Low to SO Low Reaction Time tpdSOHL − − 3.8 5.0 ms II IQ VI IINH (14−Pin Part Only) ID D CD 100 nF VRADJ VSI IRADJ ISI VQ INH NCV4299 VINH Q I ID RO VRO SO VSO RADJ SI GND Iq Figure 3. Measurement Circuit http://onsemi.com 6 NCV4299 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS − 5.0 V OPTION 5.1 6 OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VQ VOLTS VQ VOLTS VI = 13.5 V RL = 1 kW 5.0 4.9 −40 −20 5 4 3 2 1 RL = 50 W 0 20 0 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 TEMPERATURE C 15 Figure 5. Output Voltage VQ vs. Input Voltage Figure 4. Output Voltage VQ vs. Temperature TJ 8.0 500 VI = 13.5 V VD = 1 V RL = 5 kW DROP VOLTAGE, Vdr, mV CHARGE CURRENT, mA 5 10 INPUT VOLTAGE, VI VOLTS 0 7.0 6.0 −40 −20 125°C 400 25°C 300 −40°C 200 100 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 TEMPERATURE C 0 Figure 6. Charge Current ld, c vs. Temperature TJ 50 100 OUTPUT CURRENT IQ, mA 150 Figure 7. Drop Voltage Vdr vs. Output Current IQ 3.2 1.5 1.4 2.4 VUD 2.0 VRADJTH, V SWITCHING VOLTAGE, V 2.8 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.8 VLD, VI = 13.5V 1.0 0.4 0.0 −40 0 40 80 TEMPERATURE, C 120 0.9 −40 160 Figure 8. Switching Voltage VUD and VLD vs. Temperature TJ 0 40 80 TEMPERATURE TJ, C 120 Figure 9. Reset Adjust Switching Threshold VRADJTH vs. Temperature TJ http://onsemi.com 7 160 NCV4299 350 VSIU 1.5 1.4 VSI, V OUTPUT CURRENT IQ, mA 1.6 VSIL 1.3 1.2 1.1 300 TJ = 25°C 250 TJ = 125°C 200 150 100 50 VQ = 0 V 1.0 −40 0 40 80 TEMPERATURE, C 120 0 160 0 CURRENT CONSUMPTION Iq, mA CURRENT CONSUMPTION Iq, mA 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 30 20 40 OUTPUT CURRENT IQ, mA 10 50 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 60 0 40 120 80 OUTPUT CURRENT IQ, mA 160 Figure 13. Current Consumption Iq vs. Output Current IQ 16.0 CURRENT CONSUMPTION Iq, mA 40 RRO, RSO RESISTANCE, Ohms 40 8.0 Figure 12. Current Consumption Iq vs. Output Current IQ VI = 13.5V RL = 5 kW 30 20 10 −40 20 30 INPUT VOLTAGE, VI, V Figure 11. Output Current Limit IQ vs. Input Voltage, VI Figure 10. Sense Threshold VSI vs. Temperature TJ 0.0 10 0 40 80 TEMPERATURE C 120 14.0 12.0 10.0 RL 200W RL 100W RL 33W 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 160 RL 50W 8.0 0 Figure 14. RRO, RSO Resistance vs. Temperature 10 20 30 INPUT VOLTAGE VI, V Figure 15. Current Consumption Iq vs. Input Voltage VI http://onsemi.com 8 40 NCV4299 85 CURRENT CONSUMPTION Iq, mA 6 IQ 100 mA 80 75 70 65 60 5 IQ 100mA IQ 50mA 4 3 IQ 10mA 2 1 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 INPUT VOLTAGE VI, V 24 22 26 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 INPUT VOLTAGE VI, V 45 VI = 13.5V TA = 25°C 40 Unstable Region 35 30 1 mF to 100 mF 0.1 mF 25 20 15 Stable Region 10 5 Unstable Region 0.1 mF Only 0 0 20 22 24 Figure 17. Current Consumption Iq vs. Input Voltage VI Figure 16. Current Consumption Iq vs. Input Voltage VI OUTPUT CAPACITOR ESR, Ohms CURRENT CONSUMPTION Iq, mA 90 40 60 80 100 120 OUTPUT CURRENT, mA 140 Figure 18. Stability vs. Output Capacitor ESR http://onsemi.com 9 160 26 NCV4299 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS − 3.3 V OPTION 100 IQ = 1 mA 10 1 0.1 −40 −20 20 40 60 80 10 8 6 TJ = 25°C TJ = 150°C TJ = −40°C 4 2 100 120 140 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) IQ, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 19. Current Consumption vs. Junction Temperature Figure 20. Current Consumption vs. Output Current 5 3.5 TJ = 25°C 4 3 RL = 33 W 2 RL = 50 W 1 RL = 100 W 200 0 0 IQ, REVERSE OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 12 0 0 VQ, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) IQ, CURRENT CONSUMPTION (mA) IQ, CURRENT CONSUMPTION (mA) VI = 13.5 V 10 20 30 40 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 0 40 80 120 VI, INPUT VOLTAGE (V) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 21. Current Consumption vs. Input Voltage Figure 22. Output Voltage vs. Junction Temperature 0 VI = 0 V −50 TJ = 125°C −100 −150 TJ = 25°C −200 TJ = −40°C −250 −300 0 VI = 13.5V RL = 1 kW 3.4 2.9 −40 50 IQ, MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) IQ, CURRENT CONSUMPTION (mA) 1000 10 20 30 40 50 160 350 TJ = 25°C 300 250 TJ = 125°C 200 150 100 50 VQ = 0 V 0 0 25 50 VQ, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) VI, INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Figure 23. Reverse Output Current vs. Output Voltage Figure 24. Maximum Output Current vs. Input Voltage http://onsemi.com 10 NCV4299 6 1000 OUTPUT CAPACITOR ESR (W) VQ, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) TJ = 25°C 5 RL = 50 W 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 Max ESR for Vin = 25 V 10 1 Stable Region 0.1 CQ = 22 mF TJ = 150°C 0 5 10 40 70 100 130 VI, INPUT VOLTAGE (V) IQ, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 25. Output Voltage at Input Voltage Extremes Figure 26. 3.3 V Output Stability with Output Capacitor ESR 1000 100 IINH, INHIBIT INPUT CURRENT (mA) 0.02 Max ESR for Vin = 6 V Max ESR for Vin = 25 V 10 1 Stable Region 0.1 CQ = 22 mF TJ = −40°C 0.01 0 10 TJ = −40°C 0 TJ = 25°C TJ = 125°C −0.01 −0.02 −0.03 −0.04 TJ = 150°C −0.05 40 70 100 130 0 10 20 30 40 IQ, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) VI, INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Figure 27. 3.3 V Output Stability with Output Capacitor ESR Figure 28. Inhibit Input Current at Input Voltage Extremes 6 TJ = −40°C 5 TJ = 25°C 4 TJ = 125°C 3 2 1 0 0 INH = OFF 0.01 VRT, RESET TRIGGER THRESHOLD (V) OUTPUT CAPACITOR ESR (W) Max ESR for Vin = 6 V 0.01 0 IINH, INHIBIT INPUT CURRENT (mA) 100 10 20 30 40 3.25 VI = 13.5 V 3.20 3.15 3.10 3.05 Reset 3.00 2.95 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 VINH, INHIBIT INPUT VOLTAGE (V) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 29. Inhibit Input Current at Inhibit Input Voltage Extremes Figure 30. Reset Trigger Threshold vs. Junction Temperature http://onsemi.com 11 NCV4299 25 20 15 0 20 40 60 80 VSI High 1.45 1.40 VSI Low 1.35 1.30 −40 −20 100 120 140 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 31. Reset Delay Time vs. Junction Temperature Figure 32. Sense Threshold vs. Junction Temperature 8 1.15 7 1.14 VDR, DROP VOLTAGE (V) ICH, DELAY CAPACITOR CHARGE CURRENT (mA) 10 −40 −20 6 5 4 3 2 VI = 13.5 V VD = 1 V 1 0 −40 −20 VUD, VLD, SWITCHING VOLTAGE (V) VI = 13.5 V VI = 13.5 V CD = 100 nF VSI, SENSE THRESHOLD (V) 30 1.50 TJ = 125°C 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.10 TJ = −40°C 1.09 TJ = 25°C 1.08 1.07 1.06 VDR = VImin − VQ 1.05 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 40 80 120 160 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) IQ, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 33. Delay Capacitor Charge Current vs. Junction Temperature Figure 34. Drop Voltage vs. Output Current 3.0 1.5 VI = 13.5 V 1.4 2.5 2.0 1.3 VUD VRADJ,th (V) TRD, RESET DELAY TIME (ms) 35 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.1 VLD 0.5 1.0 0 −40 0 40 80 120 160 0.9 −40 0 40 80 120 160 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 35. Switching Voltage VUD and VLD vs. Junction Temperature Figure 36. Reset Adjust Switching Threshold vs. Junction Temperature http://onsemi.com 12 1.5 40 TJ = 25°C RRO, RSO RESISTANCE (kW) IQ, CURRENT CONSUMPTION (mA) NCV4299 1.0 0.5 IQ = 10 mA IQ = 1 mA 0 0 10 20 30 35 30 25 20 15 10 −40 40 0 40 80 120 160 VI, INPUT VOLTAGE (V) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 37. Current Consumption vs. Input Voltage Figure 38. RRO, RSO Resistance vs. Junction Temperature http://onsemi.com 13 NCV4299 APPLICATION DESCRIPTION NCV4299 Other features of the regulator include an undervoltage reset function and a sense circuit. The reset function has an adjustable time delay and an adjustable threshold level. The sense circuit trip level is adjustable and can be used as an early warning signal to the controller. An inhibit function that turns off the regulator and reduces the current consumption to less than 1.0 mA is a feature available in the 14 pin package. The NCV4299 is a family of precision micropower voltage regulators with an output current capability of 150 mA at 5.0 V and 3.3 V. The output voltage is accurate within "2% with a maximum dropout voltage of 0.5 V at 100 mA. Low quiescent current is a feature drawing only 90 mA with a 100 mA load. This part is ideal for any and all battery operated microprocessor equipment. Microprocessor control logic includes an active reset output RO (with delay), and a SI/SO monitor which can be used to provide an early warning signal to the microprocessor of a potential impending reset signal. The use of the SI/SO monitor allows the microprocessor to finish any signal processing before the reset shuts the microprocessor down. Internal output resistors on the RO and SO pins pulling up to the output pin Q reduce external component count. An inhibit function is available on the 14−lead part. With inhibit active, the regulator turns off and the device consumes less that 1.0 mA of quiescent current. The active reset circuit operates correctly at an output voltage as low as 1.0 V. The reset function is activated during the powerup sequence or during normal operation if the output voltage drops outside the regulation limits. The reset threshold voltage can be decreased by the connection of an external resistor divider to the RADJ lead. The regulator is protected against reverse battery, short circuit, and thermal overload conditions. The device can withstand load dump transients making it suitable for use in automotive environments. Output Regulator The output is controlled by a precision trimmed reference. The PNP output has saturation control for regulation while the input voltage is low, preventing oversaturation. Current limit and voltage monitors complement the regulator design to give safe operating signals to the processor and control circuits. Stability Considerations The input capacitor CI is necessary for compensating input line reactance. Possible oscillations caused by input inductance and input capacitance can be damped by using a resistor of approximately 1.0 W in series with CI. The output or compensation capacitor helps determine three main characteristics of a linear regulator: startup delay, load transient response and loop stability. The capacitor value and type should be based on cost, availability, size and temperature constraints. A tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitor is best, since a film or ceramic capacitor with almost zero ESR can cause instability. The aluminum electrolytic capacitor is the least expensive solution, but, if the circuit operates at low temperatures (−25°C to −40°C), both the value and ESR of the capacitor will vary considerably. The capacitor manufacturer’s data sheet usually provides this information. The value for the output capacitor CQ shown in Figures 39 and 40 should work for most applications, however, it is not necessarily the optimized solution. Stability is guaranteed at values CQ w 22 mF and an ESR v 5.0 W within the operating temperature range. Actual limits are shown in a graph in the typical performance characteristics section. NCV4299 Circuit Description The low dropout regulator in the NCV4299 uses a PNP pass transistor to give the lowest possible dropout voltage capability. The current is internally monitored to prevent oversaturation of the device and to limit current during over current conditions. Additional circuitry is provided to protect the device during overtemperature operation. The regulator provides an output regulated to 2%. http://onsemi.com 14 NCV4299 VBAT I CI* Q VDD RRADJ1 0.1 mF RADJ CQ** 22 mF Microprocessor D CD NCV4299 RRADJ2 RS11 SI RS12 SO I/O RO GND I/O *CI required if regulator is located far from the power supply filter. **CQ required for stability. Cap must operate at minimum temperature expected. Figure 39. Test and Application Circuit Showing all Compensation and Sense Elements for the 8 Pin Package Part VBAT I CI* Q VDD RRADJ1 0.1 mF RADJ CQ** 22 mF Microprocessor D CD NCV4299 RRADJ2 RS11 SI RS12 INH INH SO I/O RO GND I/O *CI required if regulator is located far from the power supply filter. **CQ required for stability. Cap must operate at minimum temperature expected. Figure 40. Test and Application Circuit Showing all Compensation and Sense Elements for the 14 Pin Package Part with Inhibit Function http://onsemi.com 15 NCV4299 Reset Output (RO) the delay timer (VD) drops below the lower threshold voltage VLD, the reset output voltage VRO is brought low to reset the processor. The reset output RO is an open collector NPN transistor, controlled by a low voltage detection circuit. The circuit is functionally independent of the rest of the IC, thereby guaranteeing that RO is valid for VQ as low as 1.0 V. A reset signal, Reset Output (RO, low voltage) is generated as the IC powers up. After the output voltage VQ increases above the reset threshold voltage VRT, the delay timer D is started. When the voltage on the delay timer VD passes VUD, the reset signal RO goes high. A discharge of the delay timer (VD) is started when VQ drops and stays below the reset threshold voltage VRT. When the voltage of VI t < tRR VQ VRT t dV + ID dt CD VD VUD VLD VRO td t tRR VRO, SAT t Power−on−Reset Thermal Shutdown Voltage Dip at Input Undervoltage Secondary Spike Overload at Output Figure 41. Reset Timing Diagram Reset Adjust (RADJ) Reset Delay (D) The reset threshold VRT can be decreased from a typical value of 4.65 V to as low as 3.5 V by using an external voltage divider connected from the Q lead to the pin RADJ, as shown in Figures 39 and 40. The resistor divider keeps the voltage above the VRADJ,TH, (typ. 1.35 V), for the desired input voltages and overrides the internal threshold detector. Adjust the voltage divider according to the following relationship: The reset delay circuit provides a delay (programmable by capacitor CD) on the reset output RO lead. The delay lead D provides charge current ID (typically 8.0 mA) to the external delay capacitor CD during the following times: 1. During Powerup (once the regulation threshold has been exceeded). 2. After a reset event has occurred and the device is back in regulation. The delay capacitor is set to discharge when the regulation (VRT, reset threshold voltage) has been violated. When the delay capacitor discharges to down to VLD, the reset signal RO pulls low. VTHRES + VRADJ, TH · (RADJ1 ) RADJ2)ńRADJ2 (eq. 1) If the reset adjust option is not needed, the RADJ−pin should be connected to GND causing the reset threshold to go to its default value (typ. 4.65 V). http://onsemi.com 16 NCV4299 Setting the Delay Time Sense Input (SI)/Sense Output (SO) Voltage Monitor The delay time is set by the delay capacitor CD and the charge current ID. The time is measured by the delay capacitor voltage charging from the low level of VD,sat to the higher level VUD. The time delay follows the equation: An on−chip comparator is available to provide early warning to the microprocessor of a possible reset signal. The reset signal typically turns the microprocessor off instantaneously. This can cause unpredictable results with the microprocessor. The signal received from the SO pin will allow the microprocessor time to complete its present task before shutting down. This function is performed by a comparator referenced to the band gap voltage. The actual trip point can be programmed externally using a resistor divider to the input monitor (SI) (Figures 39 and 40). The typical threshold is 1.35 V on the SI Pin. td + [CD (VUD−VD, sat)]ńID (eq. 2) Example: Using CD = 100 nF. Use the typical value for VD,sat = 0.1 V. Use the typical value for VUD = 1.8 V. Use the typical value for Delay Charge Current ID = 6.5 mA. td + [100 nF(1.8−0.1 V)]ń6.5 mA + 26.2 ms (eq. 3) Signal Output When the output voltage VQ drops below the reset threshold voltage VRT, the voltage on the delay capacitor VD starts to drop. The time it takes to drop below the lower threshold voltage of VLD is the reset reaction time, tRR. This time is typically 1.0 ms for a delay capacitor of 0.1 mF. The reset reaction time can be estimated from the following relationship: tRR + 10 nsńnF Figure 42 shows the SO Monitor waveforms as a result of the circuits depicted in Figures 39 and 40. As the output voltage VQ falls, the monitor threshold VSI,LOW is crossed. This causes the voltage on the SO output to go low sending a warning signal to the microprocessor that a reset signal may occur in a short period of time. TWARNING is the time the microprocessor has to complete the function it is currently working on and get ready for the reset shutdown signal. (eq. 4) CD Sense Input Voltage VSL, High VQ VSL, Low SI VSI,LOW Sense Output VRO tPD SO LH t tPD SO HL High SO Low TWARNING t Figure 42. SO Warning Timing Waveform Figure 43. Sense Timing Diagram Calculating Power Dissipation in a Single Output Linear Regulator Iq is the quiescent current the regulator consumes at IQ(max). Once the value of PD(max) is known, the maximum permissible value of RqJA can be calculated: The maximum power dissipation for a single output regulator is: RqJA + (150°C−TA)ńPD PD(max) + [VI(max)−VQ(min)] IQ(max) ) VI(max)Iq (eq. 6) The value of RqJA can then be compared with those in the package section of the data sheet. Those packages with RqJA’s less than the calculated value in Equation 6 will keep the die temperature below 150°C. In some cases, none of the packages will be sufficient to dissipate the heat generated by the IC, and an external heatsink will be required. (eq. 5) where: VI(max) is the maximum input voltage, VQ(min) is the minimum output voltage, IQ(max) is the maximum output current for the application, and http://onsemi.com 17 NCV4299 Heatsinks where: A heatsink effectively increases the surface area of the package to improve the flow of heat away from the IC and into the surrounding air. Each material in the heat flow path between the IC and the outside environment will have a thermal resistance. Like series electrical resistances, these resistances are summed to determine the value of RqJA: RqJC = the junction−to−case thermal resistance, RqCS = the case−to−heatsink thermal resistance, and RqSA = the heatsink−to−ambient thermal resistance. RqJC appears in the package section of the data sheet. Like RqJA, it too is a function of package type. RqCS and RqSA are functions of the package type, heatsink and the interface between them. These values appear in heatsink data sheets of heatsink manufacturers. Thermal, mounting, and heatsinking are discussed in the ON Semiconductor application note AN1040/D, available on the ON Semiconductor website. RqJA + RqJC ) RqCS ) RqSA (eq. 7) http://onsemi.com 18 NCV4299 SOIC 8 LEAD 1000 Cu Area = 10 mm2, 1.0 oz R(t) (°C/W) 100 25 mm2, 1.0 oz 100 mm2, 1.0 oz 10 250 mm2, 1.0 oz 500 mm2, 1.0 oz 1 0.1 0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 100 1000 Time (sec) Figure 44. Transient Thermal Response Simulation to a Single Pulse 1 oz (Log−Log) 1000 R(t) (°C/W) 100 50% Duty Cycle 20% 10% 10 5% 2% 1 1% 0.1 Single Pulse (SOIC−8) 0.01 Psi LA (SOIC−8) 0.001 0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 Pulse Time (sec) Figure 45. Transient Thermal Response Simulation to a Single Pulse with Duty Cycles Applied (Log−Log) (PCB = 50 mm2 1 oz) R(t) (°C/W) 1000 100 50% Duty Cycle 20% 10% 10 5% 2% 1 1% 0.1 Single Pulse (SOIC−8) 0.01 Psi LA (SOIC−8) 0.001 0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Pulse Time (sec) Figure 46. Transient Thermal Response Simulation to a Single Pulse with Duty Cycles Applied (Log−Log) (PCB = 250 mm2 1 oz) http://onsemi.com 19 1000 NCV4299 SOIC 14 LEAD 1000 Cu Area = 10 mm2, 1.0 oz R(t) (°C/W) 100 25 mm2, 1.0 oz 100 mm2, 1.0 oz 10 250 mm2, 1.0 oz 500 mm2, 1.0 oz 1 0.1 0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 100 1000 Time (sec) Figure 47. Transient Thermal Response Simulation to a Single Pulse 1 oz (Log−Log) R(t) (°C/W) 1000 100 50% Duty Cycle 20% 10% 10 5% 2% 1 1% 0.1 Single Pulse (SOIC−14) 0.01 Psi LA (SOIC−14) 0.001 0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 Pulse Time (sec) Figure 48. Transient Thermal Response Simulation to a Single Pulse with Duty Cycles Applied (Log−Log) (PCB = 50 mm2 1 oz) 100 R(t) (°C/W) 50% Duty Cycle 10 20% 10% 5% 1 2% 1% 0.1 Single Pulse (SOIC−14) 0.01 Psi LA (SOIC−14) 0.001 0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Pulse Time (sec) Figure 49. Transient Thermal Response Simulation to a Single Pulse with Duty Cycles Applied (Log−Log) (PCB = 250 mm2 1 oz) http://onsemi.com 20 1000 NCV4299 ORDERING INFORMATION Package Shipping† SO−8 98 Units/Rail NCV4299D1G SO−8 (Pb−Free) 98 Units/Rail NCV4299D1R2 SO−8 2500 Tape & Reel SO−8 (Pb−Free) 2500 Tape & Reel SO−14 55 Units/Rail NCV4299D2G SO−14 (Pb−Free) 55 Units/Rail NCV4299D2R2 Device NCV4299D1 NCV4299D1R2G NCV4299D2 SO−14 2500 Tape & Reel NCV4299D2R2G SO−14 (Pb−Free) 2500 Tape & Reel NCV4299D233G SO−14 (Pb−Free) 55 Units/Rail NCV4299D233R2G SO−14 (Pb−Free) 2500 Tape & Reel †For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D. http://onsemi.com 21 NCV4299 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS SOIC−8 NB CASE 751−07 ISSUE AH NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. DIMENSION A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION. 4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006) PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.127 (0.005) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. 6. 751−01 THRU 751−06 ARE OBSOLETE. NEW STANDARD IS 751−07. −X− A 8 5 0.25 (0.010) S B 1 M Y M 4 K −Y− G C N DIM A B C D G H J K M N S X 45 _ SEATING PLANE −Z− 0.10 (0.004) H D 0.25 (0.010) M Z Y S X M J S SOLDERING FOOTPRINT* 1.52 0.060 7.0 0.275 4.0 0.155 0.6 0.024 1.270 0.050 SCALE 6:1 mm Ǔ ǒinches *For additional information on our Pb−Free strategy and soldering details, please download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and Mounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D. http://onsemi.com 22 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 4.80 5.00 3.80 4.00 1.35 1.75 0.33 0.51 1.27 BSC 0.10 0.25 0.19 0.25 0.40 1.27 0_ 8_ 0.25 0.50 5.80 6.20 INCHES MIN MAX 0.189 0.197 0.150 0.157 0.053 0.069 0.013 0.020 0.050 BSC 0.004 0.010 0.007 0.010 0.016 0.050 0 _ 8 _ 0.010 0.020 0.228 0.244 NCV4299 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS SO−14 D SUFFIX CASE 751A−03 ISSUE G NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION. 4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006) PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.127 (0.005) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. −A− 14 8 −B− 1 P 7 PL 0.25 (0.010) 7 G M B M F R X 45 _ C −T− SEATING PLANE D 14 PL 0.25 (0.010) M T B J M K S A S DIM A B C D F G J K M P R MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 8.55 8.75 3.80 4.00 1.35 1.75 0.35 0.49 0.40 1.25 1.27 BSC 0.19 0.25 0.10 0.25 0_ 7_ 5.80 6.20 0.25 0.50 INCHES MIN MAX 0.337 0.344 0.150 0.157 0.054 0.068 0.014 0.019 0.016 0.049 0.050 BSC 0.008 0.009 0.004 0.009 0_ 7_ 0.228 0.244 0.010 0.019 ON Semiconductor and are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. 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