UCD8220-Q1 www.ti.com SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 DIGITALLY MANAGED PUSH-PULL ANALOG PWM CONTROLLERS Check for Samples: UCD8220-Q1 FEATURES 1 • 2 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • AEC-Q100 Qualified With the Following Results: – Device Temperature Grade 1: –40°C to 125°C Ambient Operating Temperature Range – Device HBM ESD Classification Level H2 – Device CDM ESD Classification Level C3B For Digitally Managed Power Supplies Using μCs or the TMS320 ™ DSP Family Voltage or Peak Current Mode Control with Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limiting Clock Input from Digital Controller to Set Operating Frequency and Max Duty Cycle Analog PWM Comparator 2-MHz Switching Frequency 110-V Input Startup Circuit and Thermal Shutdown (UCD8620) Internal Programmable Slope Compensation 3.3-V, 10-mA Linear Regulator DSP/μC Compatible Inputs Dual ±4-A TrueDrive™ Integrated Circuit High Current Drivers 10-ns Typical Rise and Fall Times with 2.2-nF 25-ns Input-to-Output Propagation Delay 25-ns Current Sense-to-Output Propagation Delay Programmable Current Limit Threshold • • Digital Output Current Limit Flag 4.5-V to 15.5-V Supply Voltage Range APPLICATIONS • • • Digitally Managed Switch Mode Power Supplies Push-Pull, Half-Bridge, or Full-Bridge Converters Battery Chargers DESCRIPTION The UCD8220-Q1 analog pulse-width modulator device is used in digitally managed power supplies using a microcontroller or the TMS320 DSP family. UCD8220-Q1 is a double-ended PWM controller configured with push-pull drive logic. Systems using the UCD8220-Q1 device close the PWM feedback loop with traditional analog methods, but the UCD8220-Q1 controller includes circuitry to interpret a time-domain digital pulse train. The pulse train contains the operating frequency and maximum duty cycle limit which are used to control the power supply operation. This eases implementation of a converter with high level control features without the added complexity or possible PWM resolution limitations of closing the control loop in the discrete time domain. 1 2 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. TMS320, TrueDrive, PowerPAD are trademarks of Texas Instruments. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated UCD8220-Q1 SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 www.ti.com UCD8220-Q1 Figure 1. UCD8220-Q1 Typical Simplified Push-Pull Converter Application Schematic 2 Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated UCD8220-Q1 www.ti.com SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 DESCRIPTION (continued) The UCD8220-Q1 can be configured for either peak current mode or voltage mode control. It provides a programmable current limit function and a digital output current limit flag which can be monitored by the host controller to set the current limit operation. For fast switching speeds, the output stage uses the TrueDrive output circuit architecture, which delivers rated current of ±4-A into the gate of a MOSFET. Finally it also includes a 3.3V, 10-mA linear regulator to provide power to the digital controller or act as a reference in the system. The UCD8220-Q1 controller is compatible with the standard 3.3-V I/O ports of UCD9K digital power controllers, DSPs, microcontrollers, or ASICs and is offered in the PowerPAD™ integrated circuit package HTSSOP. SIMPLIFIED APPLICATION DIAGRAMS UCD8220-Q1 Figure 2. UCD8220-Q1 Typical Simplified Half-Bridge Converter Application Schematic This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 3 UCD8220-Q1 SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 www.ti.com CONNECTION DIAGRAMS HTSSOP PACKAGE (PWP-16) UCD8220-Q1 (TOP VIEW) NC CLK 3V3 ISET AGND CTRL CLF ILIM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 NC NC VDD PVDD OUT1 OUT2 PGND CS ORDERING INFORMATION (1) TA PACKAGE REEL –40°C to 125°C HTSSOP-16 (PWP) 2000 (1) (2) (3) ORDERABLE PART NUMBER (2) (3) TOP-SIDE MARKING UCD8220QPWPRQ1 UC8220Q For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the device product folder at www.ti.com. The HTSSOP-16 (PWP) package is available taped and reeled. Add R suffix to device type (e.g. UCD8220PWPR) to order quantities of 2,000 devices per reel for the PWP package and 1,000 devices per reel for the RSA and RGW packages. These products are packaged in Pb-Free and Green lead finish of Pd-Ni-Au which is compatible with MSL level 1 at 255°C to 260°C peak reflow temperature to be compatible with either lead free or Sn/Pb soldering operations. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) (2) PARAMETER VDD VALUE MIN Supply Voltage IDD Supply Current VO Output Gate Drive Voltage IO(sink) IO(source) MAX 16 Quiescent 20 Switching, TA = 25°C, TJ = 125°C, VDD = 12 V 200 OUT Output Gate Drive Current OUT Analog Input ISET, CS, CTRL, ILIM Digital I/O’s CLK, CLF –1 to PVDD –4 –0.3 3.6 –0.3 3.6 Operating Junction Temperature Range –55 150 Tstg Storage Temperature Range –65 150 Human-body model (HBM) AEC-Q100 Classification Level H2 2000 Charged-device model (CDM) AEC-Q100 Classification Level C3B 500 Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) (2) (3) 4 mA V 4 TJ (1) V A V See Thermal Information Table Continuous Total Power Dissipation Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Rating (3) UNIT °C V 300 °C Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltages are with respect to GND. Currents are positive into, negative out of the specified terminal. Tested to JEDEC standard EIA/JESD22 - A114-B. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 UCD8220-Q1 www.ti.com SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 THERMAL INFORMATION THERMAL METRIC (1) UCD8220-Q1 PWP (16 PINS) θJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 40.1 θJCtop Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 29.5 θJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance 24.2 ψJT Junction-to-top characterization parameter 1 ψJB Junction-to-board characterization parameter 24 θJCbot Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance 1.8 (1) UNIT °C/W For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 5 UCD8220-Q1 SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VDD = 12 V, 4.7-µF capacitor from VDD to AGND, 1 μF from PVDD to PGND, 0.22-µF capacitor from 3V3 to AGND, TA = TJ = –40°C to 125°C, (unless otherwise noted). PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT SUPPLY SECTION Supply current, OFF VDD = 4.2 V Supply current, ON (UCD8220-Q1), outputs not switching, CLK = low 300 1.6 500 µA 3 mA LOW VOLTAGE UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT (UCD8220-Q1 only) VDD UVLO ON 4.25 4.5 4.75 VDD UVLO OFF 4.05 4.25 4.45 VDD UVLO hysteresis 150 250 350 3.267 3.3 3.333 3.234 3.3 3.366 V mV REFERENCE / EXTERNAL BIAS SUPPLY 3V3 initial set point TA = 25°C, ILOAD = 0 3V3 set point over temperature 3V3 load regulation ILOAD = 1 mA to 10 mA, VDD = 5 V - 1 6.6 3V3 line regulation VDD = 4.75 V to 12 V, ILOAD = 10 mA - 1 6.6 Short circuit current VDD = 4.75 to 12 V 9 20 35 3V3 OK threshold, ON 3.3 V rising 2.9 3.0 3.1 3V3 OK threshold, OFF 3.3 V falling 2.7 2.8 2.9 HIGH, positive-going input threshold voltage (VIT+) 1.65 - 2.08 LOW negative-going input threshold voltage (VIT–) 1.16 - 1.5 0.6 - 0.8 - - V mV mA V CLOCK INPUT (CLK) Input voltage hysteresis, (VIT+–VIT–) Frequency Minimum allowable off time OUTx = 1 MHz (1) V 2 MHz 20 ns V SLOPE COMPENSATION (ISET) ISET Voltage m, VSLOPE (I-Mode) m, VSLOPE (V-Mode) VISET , 3V3 = 3.3 V, ±2% 1.78 1.84 1.90 RISET = 6.19 kΩ to AGND, CS = 0.25 V, CTRL = 2.5 V 1.48 2.12 2.76 RISET = 100 kΩ to AGND, CS = 0.25 V, CTRL = 2.5 V 0.099 0.142 0.185 RISET = 499 kΩ to AGND, CS = 0.25 V, CTRL = 2.5 V 0.019 0.028 0.037 RISET = 4.99 kΩ to 3V3, CTRL = 2.5 V 1.44 2.06 2.68 RISET = 100 kΩ to 3V3, CTRL = 2.5 V 0.068 0.114 0.148 RISET = 402 kΩ to 3v3, CTRL = 2.5 V 0.016 0.027 0.035 ISET resistor range Current mode control; RISET connected to AGND 6.19 499 ISET resistor range Voltage mode control; RISET connected to 3V3 4.99 402 ISET current range Voltage mode control with Feed-Forward; RISET connected to VIN 3.7 300 V/µs kΩ μA PWM PWM offset at CTRL input 3V3 = 3.3 V ±2% CTRL buffer gain (1) Gain from CTRL to PWM comparator input 0.45 0.51 0.6 0.5 V V/V CURRENT LIMIT (ILIM) ILIM internal current limit threshold 0.466 0.5 0.536 ILIM maximum current limit threshold ILIM = 3.3 V 0.975 1.025 1.075 ILIM current limit threshold ILIM = 0.75 V 0.700 0.725 0.750 ILIM minimum current limit threshold ILIM = 0.25 V CLF output high level CS > ILIM , ILOAD = –7 mA CLF output low level CS ≤ ILIM, ILOAD = 7 mA (1) 6 ILIM = OPEN 0.2 0.23 0.25 2.64 - - - - 0.66 V V V V Specified by design. Not 100% tested in production. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 UCD8220-Q1 www.ti.com SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) VDD = 12 V, 4.7-µF capacitor from VDD to AGND, 1 μF from PVDD to PGND, 0.22-µF capacitor from 3V3 to AGND, TA = TJ = –40°C to 125°C, (unless otherwise noted). PARAMETER Propagation delay from CLK to CLF TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT CLK rising to CLF falling after a current limit event - 15 25 ns Includes CS comp offset 5 25 50 mV - –1 - μA CURRENT SENSE COMPARATOR Bias voltage Input bias current Propagation delay from CS to OUTx ILIM = 0.5 V, measured on OUTx, CS = threshold + 60 mV - 25 40 Propagation delay from CS to CLF ILIM = 0.5 V, measured on CLF, CS = threshold + 60 mV - 25 50 10 35 75 VDD = 12 V, CLK = high, OUTx = 5 V - 4 - VDD = 12 V, CLK = low, OUTx = 5 V - 4 - VDD = 4.75 V, CLK = high, OUTx = 0 - 2 - ns CURRENT SENSE DISCHARGE TRANSISTOR Discharge resistance CLK = low, resistance from CS to AGND Ω OUTPUT DRIVERS Source current Sink current Source current Sink current (2) (2) (2) (2) VDD = 4.75 V, CLK = low, OUTx = 4.75 V - 3 - Rise time, tR CLOAD = 2.2 nF, VDD = 12 V - 10 20 Fall time, tF CLOAD = 2.2 nF, VDD = 12 V - 10 15 Output with VDD < UVLO VDD = 1.0 V, ISINK = 10 mA - 0.8 1.2 CLOAD = open, VDD = 12 V, CLK rising, tD1 - 25 35 25 35 Propagation delay from CLK to OUTx (2) CLOAD = open, VDD = 12 V, CLK falling, tD2 A ns V ns Specified by design. Not 100% tested in production. VIT+ INPUT VIT− tF tF t D1 90% t D2 OUTPUT 10% Figure 3. Timing Diagram Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 7 UCD8220-Q1 SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 www.ti.com FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAMS 16 NC NC 1 15 NC CLK 2 14 VDD 3V3 Regulator and Reference 3V3 3 UVLO 13 PVDD 12 OUT1 DRIVE LOGIC 11 OUT2 ISET 4 PWM PWM CTRL 6 10 PGND AGND 5 CLF 7 CURRENT LIMIT ILIM 8 CURRENT SENSE 9 CS Figure 4. UCD8220-Q1 TERMINAL FUNCTIONS PIN NUMBER PIN NAME UCD8220-Q1 I/O FUNCTION HTSSOP-16 (PWP) 8 CLK 2 I Clock. Input pulse train contains operating frequency and maximum duty cycle limit. This pin is a high impedance digital input capable of accepting 3.3-V logic level signals up to 2 MHz. There is an internal Schmitt trigger comparator which isolates the internal circuitry from any external noise. CLF 7 O Current limit flag. When the CS level is greater than the ILIM voltage minus 25 mV, the output driver is forced low and the current limit flag (CLF) is set high. The CLF signal is latched high until the device receives the next rising edge on the CLK pin. This signal is also used for the start-up handshaking between the Digital controller and the analog controller ISET 4 I Pin for programming the current used to set the amount of slope compensation in Peak-Current Mode control or to set the internal capacitor charging in voltage mode control. 3V3 3 O Regulated 3.3-V rail. The onboard linear voltage regulator is capable of sourcing up to 10 mA of current. Place 0.22 μF of ceramic capacitance from this pin to analog ground. AGND 5 - Analog ground return ILIM 8 I Current limit threshold set pin. The current limit threshold can be set to any value between 0.25 V and 1.0 V. The default value while open is 0.5 V. CTRL 6 I Input for the error feedback voltage from the external error amplifier. This input is multiplied by 0.5 and routed to the negative input of the PWM comparator NC 1, 15, 16 - No connection. CS 9 I Current sense pin. Fast current limit comparator connected to the CS pin is used to protect the power stage by implementing cycle-by-cycle current limiting. PGND 10 - Power ground return. This pin should be connected close to the source of the power MOSFET. OUT2 11 O The high-current TrueDrive integrated circuit driver output. OUT1 12 O The high-current TrueDrive integrated circuit driver output. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 UCD8220-Q1 www.ti.com SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 PIN NUMBER UCD8220-Q1 PIN NAME I/O FUNCTION HTSSOP-16 (PWP) Supply pin provides power for the output drivers. It is not connected internally to the VDD supply rail. The bypass capacitor for this pin should be returned to PGND. PVDD 13 VDD 14 I Supply input pin to power the control circuitry. Bypass the pin with at least 4.7 μF of capacitance, returned to AGND. VIN - I Input to the internal start-up circuitry rated to 110 V. This pin connects directly to the input power rail. TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS UCD8220-Q1 UVLO THRESHOLD vs TEMPERATURE 3V3 REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE 5.0 3.36 UVLO on 4.5 3.34 UVLO off 3V3 − Reference Voltage − V VUVLO − UVLO Thresholds − V 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 3.32 3.30 3.28 1.0 3.26 0.5 0.0 −50 UVLO hysteresis 3.24 −25 0 25 50 75 100 125 −50 −25 t − Temperature − °C Figure 5. 0 25 50 75 t − Temperature − °C 100 125 Figure 6. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 9 UCD8220-Q1 SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 3V3 SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE SUPPLY CURRENT vs FREQUENCY (VDD = 5 V) 160 140 22.5 IDD − Supply Current − mA ISHORT_CKT − Short Circuit Current − mA 23.0 22.0 VDD = 4.75 V 21.5 VDD = 12 V 21.0 100 80 CLOAD = 4.7 nF 60 40 CLOAD = 2.2 nF 20.5 20 20.0 CLOAD = 1 nF 0 −50 −25 0 25 50 75 t − Temperature − °C 100 125 0 500 Figure 7. Figure 8. SUPPLY CURRENT vs FREQUENCY (VDD = 8 V) SUPPLY CURRENT vs FREQUENCY (VDD = 10 V) 280 320 240 280 CLOAD = 10 nF 200 160 CLOAD = 4.7 nF 120 80 CLOAD = 2.2 nF 40 1500 240 CLOAD = 10 nF 200 160 CLOAD = 4.7 nF 120 80 CLOAD = 2.2 nF 40 CLOAD = 1 nF 0 0 500 1000 CLOAD = 1 nF 0 1500 0 500 1000 1500 f − Frequency − kHz f − Frequency − kHz Figure 9. 10 1000 f − Frequency − kHz IDD − Supply Current − mA IDD − Supply Current − mA CLOAD = 10 nF 120 Figure 10. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 UCD8220-Q1 www.ti.com SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) SUPPLY CURRENT vs FREQUENCY (VDD = 12 V) SUPPLY CURRENT vs FREQUENCY (VDD = 15 V) 500 400 450 300 IDD − Supply Current − mA IDD − Supply Current − mA 350 CLOAD = 10 nF 250 CLOAD = 4.7 nF 200 150 100 CLOAD = 2.2 nF 400 CLOAD = 10 nF 350 300 CLOAD = 4.7 nF 250 200 150 CLOAD = 2.2 nF 100 50 50 CLOAD = 1 nF CLOAD = 1 nF 0 0 500 0 0 1500 1000 1500 1000 500 f − Frequency − kHz f − Frequency − kHz Figure 11. Figure 12. CLK INPUT THRESHOLD vs TEMPERATURE OUTPUT RISE TIME AND FALL TIME vs TEMPERATURE (VDD = 12 V) 2.5 18 CLOAD = 2.2 nF 16 tR, tF − Rise and Fall Times − ns CLK Input Rising VI − CLK Input Voltage − V 2.0 1.5 CLK Input Falling 1.0 0.5 tR = Rise Time 14 12 10 tF = Fall Time 8 6 4 2 0 0.0 −50 −25 0 25 50 75 100 125 −50 −25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ − Temperature − °C TJ − Temperature − °C Figure 13. Figure 14. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 11 UCD8220-Q1 SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) OUTPUT RISE TIME vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE OUTPUT FALL TIME vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 65 45 40 CLOAD = 10 nF tF − Output Fall Time − ns tR − Output Rise Time − ns 55 45 35 CLOAD = 4.7 nF 25 CLOAD = 2.2 nF 35 CLOAD = 10 nF 30 25 CLOAD = 4.7 nF 20 CLOAD = 2.2 nF 15 15 CLOAD = 1 nF 10 CLOAD = 1 nF 5 5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 5 12.5 15 Figure 16. CLK to OUTx PROPAGATION DELAY RISING vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE CLK TO OUTx PROPAGATION DELAY FALLING vs SUPPLY CURRENT 25 tPD − Propagation Delay, Falling − ns tPD − Propagation Delay, Rising − ns 10 Figure 15. 20 CLOAD = 10 nF 15 10 CLOAD = 4.7 nF 5 CLOAD = 2.2 nF CLOAD = 10 nF 20 15 CLOAD = 4.7 nF 10 CLOAD = 2.2 nF CLOAD = 1 nF CLOAD = 1 nF 5 0 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 VDD − Supply Voltage − V VDD − Supply Voltage − V Figure 17. 12 7.5 VDD − Supply Voltage − V VDD − Supply Voltage − V Figure 18. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 UCD8220-Q1 www.ti.com SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) DEFAULT CURRENT LIMIT THRESHOLD vs TEMPERATURE CS TO OUTx PROPAGATION DELAY vs TEMPERATURE 0.59 tPD − CS to OUTx Propagation Delay − ns 40 VCS − Current Limit Threshold − V 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0.51 −50 −25 0 25 50 75 100 125 −50 −25 0 25 50 75 100 TJ − Temperature − °C TJ − Temperature − °C Figure 19. Figure 20. CS TO CLF PROPAGATION DELAY vs TEMPERATURE CLK TO OUT PROPAGATION DELAY vs TEMPERATURE 50 125 35 30 40 tPD − Propagation Delay − ns tPD − CS to CLF Propagation Delay − ns 45 35 30 25 20 15 10 25 20 15 10 5 5 0 0 −50 −25 0 25 50 75 100 125 −50 −25 0 25 50 TJ − Temperature − °C TJ − Temperature − °C Figure 21. Figure 22. 75 100 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 125 13 UCD8220-Q1 SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) UCD8220-Q1 START-UP BEHAVIOR AT VDD = 12 V UCD8220-Q1 SHUT-DOWN BEHAVIOR AT VDD = 12 V CLK = CTRL = 3V3 CLK = CTRL = 3V3 VDD (2 V/div) VDD (2 V/div) 3V3 (2 V/div) OUTx (2 V/div) 3V3 (2 V/div) OUTx (2 V/div) t − Time − 40 ms/div t − Time − 40 ms/div Figure 23. Figure 24. UCD8220-Q1 START-UP BEHAVIOR AT VDD = 12 V UCD8220-Q1 SHUT-DOWN BEHAVIOR AT VDD = 12 V CLK = AGND CTRL = 3V3 VDD (2 V/div) CLK = AGND CTRL = 3V3 VDD (2 V/div) 3V3 (2 V/div) OUTx (2 V/div) 3V3 (2 V/div) OUTx (2 V/div) t − Time − 40 ms/div t − Time − 40 ms/div Figure 25. 14 Figure 26. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 UCD8220-Q1 www.ti.com SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) INTERNAL SLOPE COMPENSATION IN CMC vs TEMPERATURE OUTPUT RISE AND FALL TIME (VDD = 12 V, CLOAD = 10 nF) Output Voltage − 2 V/div Internal Slope Compensation in CMC - V/ms 0.146 Current Mode Slope, RISET = 100 k 0.144 0.142 0.140 0.138 0.136 0.134 t − Time − 40 ns/div −50 −25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ − Temperature − °C Figure 27. Figure 28. PWM OFFSET AT CTRL INPUT vs TEMPERATURE 0.532 PWM Offset at CTRL Input − V 0.530 0.528 0.526 0.524 0.522 0.520 0.518 −50 −25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ − Temperature − °C Figure 29. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 15 UCD8220-Q1 SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 www.ti.com APPLICATION INFORMATION Introduction The UCD8220-Q1 is a digitally managed analog PWM controller configured with push-pull drive logic. In systems using the UCD8220-Q1 device, the PWM feedback loop is closed using the traditional analog methods, but the UCD8220-Q1 includes circuitry to interpret a time-domain digital pulse train from a digital controller. The pulse train contains the operating frequency and maximum duty cycle limit and hence controls the power supply operation. This eases implementing a converter with high-level control features without the added complexity or digital PWM resolution limitations encountered when closing the voltage control loop in the discrete time domain. The UCD8220-Q1 can be configured for either peak current mode or voltage mode control. It provides a programmable current limit function and a digital output current limit flag which can be monitored by the host controller. For fast switching speeds, the output stages use the TrueDrive output circuit architecture, which delivers rated current of ±4-A into the gate of a MOSFET during the Miller plateau region of the switching transition. Finally they also include a 3.3-V, 10-mA linear regulator to provide power for the digital controller. The UCD8220-Q1 includes circuitry and features to ease implementing a converter that is managed by a microcontroller or a digital signal processor. Digitally managed power supplies provide software programmability and monitoring capability of a power supply's operation including: • Switching frequency • Synchronization • DMAX • V x S clamp • Input UVLO start/stop voltage • Input OVP start/stop voltage • Soft-start profile • Current limit operation • Shutdown • Temperature shutdown CLK Input Time-Domain Digital Pulse Train While the loop is closed in the analog domain, the UCD8220-Q1 is managed by a time-domain digital pulse train from a digital controller. The pulse train, shown as CLK in Figure 30, contains the operating frequency and maximum duty cycle limit and hence controls the power supply operation as listed above. 16 The pulse train uses a Texas Instruments communication protocol which is a proprietary communication system that provides handles for control of the power supply operation through software programming. The rising edge of the CLK signal represents the switching frequency. Figure 30 depicts the operation of the UCD8220-Q1 in one of 5 modes. At the time when the internal signal REF OK is low, the UCD8220-Q1 is not ready to accept CLK inputs. Once the REF OK signal goes high, then the device is ready to process inputs. While the CLK input is low, the outputs are disabled and the CLK signal is used as an enable input. Once the Digital controller completes its initialization routine and verifies that all voltages are within their operating range, then it starts the soft-start procedure by slowly ramping up the duty cycle of the CLK signal, while maintaining the desired switching frequency. The CLK duty cycle continues to increase until it reaches steady-state where the analog control loop takes over and regulates the output voltage to the desired set point. During steady state, the duty cycle of the CLK pulse can be set using a volt second product calculation in order to protect the primary of the power transformer from saturation during transients. When the power supply enters current limit, the outputs are quickly turned off, and the CLF signal is set high in order to notify the digital controller that the last power pulse was truncated because of an overcurrent event. The benefit of this technique is in the flexibility it offers. The software is now in charge of the response to overcurrent events. In typical analog designs, the power supply response to overcurrent is hardwired in the silicon. With this method, the user can configure the response differently for different applications. For example, the software can be configured to latch-off the power supply in response the first overcurrent event, or to allow a fixed number of current limit events, so that the supply is capable of starting up into a capacitive load. The user can also configure the supply to enter into hiccup mode immediately or after a certain number of current limit events. As described later in this data sheet, the current limit threshold can be varied in time to create unique current limit profiles. For example, the current limit set point can be set high for a predefined number of cycles to blow a manual fuse, and can be reduced down to protect the system in the event of a faulty fuse. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 UCD8220-Q1 www.ti.com SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 (1) (2) Start up (3) Steady State (4) Current Limit (5) UVLO and REF OK* CLK CTRL RAMP* PWM* OUT CS CLF * - Internal signals Figure 30. UCD8220-Q1 Timing and Circuit Operation Diagram Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 17 UCD8220-Q1 SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 www.ti.com Current Sensing and Protection UCD8220-Q1 40 kW 20 kW 10 kW 2.5 kW UCD8220-Q1 UCD8220-Q1 Internal set point UCD8220-Q1 Figure 31. ILIM Settings 18 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 UCD8220-Q1 www.ti.com SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 Selecting the ISET Resistor for Voltage Mode Control 3V3 3V3 (3) R_ISET ISET (4) I_SC = (3.3 - 1.85) / (11 x R_ISET) R PWM + Selecting the ISET Resistor for Voltage Mode Control with Voltage Feed Forward CTRL (6) 3V3 VIN R + TO CLEAR of PWM LATCH Figure 33 shows the nominal value of resistance to use for a desired clock frequency. Note that for the UCD8220-Q1, which has two outputs controlled by push-pull logic, the output ripple frequency is equal to the clock frequency; and each output switches at half the clock frequency. 0.25 V R_ISET S1 OUT Figure 32. UCD8220-Q1 Configured in Voltage Mode Control with an Internal Timing Capacitor When the ISET resistor is configured as shown in Figure 32 with the ISET resistor connected between the ISET pin and the 3V3 pin, the device is set up for voltage mode control. For purposes of voltage loop compensation the, voltage ramp is 1.4 V from the valley to the peak. See Equation 1 for selecting the proper resistance for a desired clock frequency. 12 R_ISET = (3.3 - 1.85) x 10 W 11 x 1.4 x fclk x 9.4 (1) Where: fclk = Desired Clock Frequency in Hz. TO CLEAR of PWM LATCH OUT ON PWM + R CTRL (6) R 0.25 V S1 Cint 9.4 pF OFF Figure 34. UCD8220-Q1 Configured in Voltage Mode Control with Voltage Feed Forward When the ISET resistor is configured as shown in Figure 34 with the ISET resistor connected between the ISET pin and the input voltage, VIN, the device is configured for voltage mode control with voltage feed forward. For the purposes of voltage loop compensation, the voltage ramp is 1.4 x Vin/Vin_max volts from the valley to the peak. See Equation 2 for selecting the proper resistance for a desired clock frequency and input voltage range. 1M 12 R_ISET = R_ISET Resistance − W ISET (4) I_SC = (3.3 - 1.85) / (11 x R_ISET) OFF + ON Cint 9.4 pF (Vin_max - 1.85) x 10 11 x 1.4 x fclk x 9.4 W (2) Where: fclk = Desired Clock Frequency in Hz. 100 k For a general discussion of the benefits of voltage mode control with voltage feed forward, see Reference [5]. Selecting the ISET Resistor for Peak Current 10 k 1k 10 100 1000 10000 Clock Frequency − kHz Figure 33. ISET Resistance Versus Clock Frequency Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 19 UCD8220-Q1 SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 www.ti.com Mode Control with Internal Slope Compensation 3V3 ISET (4) I_SC = 1.85 / (11 x R_ISET) R_ISET R PWM - + Handshaking 0.25 V Cint 12 pF S1 OUT ON R + TO CLEAR of PWM LATCH CTRL (6) OFF CS (9) S2 Figure 35. UCD8220-Q1 Configured in Peak Current Control with Internal Slope Compensation When the ISET resistor is configured as shown in Figure 35 with the ISET resistor connected between the ISET pin and AGND, the device is configured for peak current mode control with internal slope compensation. The voltage at the ISET pin is 1.85 volts so the internal slope compensation current, I_SC, being fed into the internal slope compensation capacitor is equal to 1.85 / (11x R_ISET). The voltage slope at the PWM comparator input which is generated by this current is equal to: 6 SLOPE = The amount of slope compensation required depends on the design of the power stage and the output specifications. A general rule is to add an up-slope equal to the down slope of the output inductor. Refer to References 6 and 7 for a more detailed discussion regarding slope compensation in peak current mode controlled power stages. 1.85 x 10 V/ms 11 x R_ISET x 12 (3) 10.0 The UCD8220-Q1 has a built-in handshaking feature to facilitate efficient start-up of the digitally managed power supply. At start-up the CLF flag is held high until all the internal and external supply voltages of the UCD8220-Q1 is within its operating range. Once the supply voltages are within acceptable limits, the CLF goes low and the device processes the CLK signals. The digital controller should monitor the CFL flag at start-up and wait for the CLF flag to go LOW before sending CLK pulses to the UCD8220-Q1 device. Driver Output The high-current output stage of the UCD8220-Q1 is capable of supplying ±4-A peak current pulses and swings to both PVDD and PGND. The drive output uses the Texas Instruments TrueDrive output circuit architecture, which delivers rated current into the gate of a MOSFET when it is most needed, during the Miller plateau region of the switching transition providing efficiency gains. The TrueDrive integrated circuit consists of pullup/pull-down circuits with bipolar and MOSFET transistors in parallel. The peak output current rating is the combined current from the bipolar and MOSFET transistors. This hybrid output stage also allows efficient current sourcing at low supply voltages. RISET − Slope − V/µs Source/Sink Capabilities During Miller Plateau Large power MOSFETs present a large load to the control circuitry. Proper drive is required for efficient, reliable operation. The UCD8220-Q1 driver has been optimized to provide maximum drive to a power MOSFET during the Miller plateau region of the switching transition. This interval occurs while the drain voltage is swinging between the voltage levels dictated by the power topology, requiring the charging/discharging of the drain-gate capacitance with current supplied or removed by the driver device. See Reference [2]. 1.0 0.1 0.01 103 104 105 106 RISET − Resistance − Ω Figure 36. Slope vs RISET Resistance 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 UCD8220-Q1 www.ti.com SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 Drive Current and Power Requirements Thermal Information The UCD8220-Q1 contains drivers which can deliver high current into a MOSFET gate for a period of several hundred nanoseconds. High-peak current is required to turn on a MOSFET. Then, to turn off a MOSFET, the driver is required to sink a similar amount of current to ground. This repeats at the operating frequency of the power device. The useful range of a driver is greatly affected by the drive power requirements of the load and the thermal characteristics of the device package. In order for a power driver to be useful over a particular temperature range the package must allow for the efficient removal of the heat produced while keeping the junction temperature within rated limits. The UCD8220-Q1 is available in PowerPAD integrated circuit packages TSSOP and QFN/DFN to cover a range of application requirements. Both have an exposed pad to enhance thermal conductivity from the semiconductor junction. Reference [2] discusses the current required to drive a power MOSFET and other capacitive-input switching devices. When a driver device is tested with a discrete, capacitive load it is a fairly simple matter to calculate the power that is required from the bias supply. The energy that must be transferred from the bias supply to charge the capacitor is given by: E = 1 x CV 2 2 (4) where C is the load capacitor and V is the bias voltage feeding the driver. There is an equal amount of energy transferred to ground when the capacitor is discharged. This leads to a power loss given by the following: P = CV 2 x f (5) where f is the switching frequency. This power is dissipated in the resistive elements of the circuit. Thus, with no external resistor between the driver and gate, this power is dissipated inside the driver. Half of the total power is dissipated when the capacitor is charged, and the other half is dissipated when the capacitor is discharged. With VDD = 12 V, CLOAD = 2.2 nF, and f = 300 kHz, the power loss can be calculated as: P = 2.2 nF x 122 x 300 kHz = 0.095 W (6) With a 12-V supply, this would equate to a current of: 0.095 W = 7.9 mA P = I = V 12 V (7) As illustrated in Reference [3], the PowerPAD integrated circuit packages offer a leadframe die pad that is exposed at the base of the package. This pad is soldered to the copper on the PC board (PCB) directly underneath the device package, reducing the θJA down to 37.47°C/W. The PC board must be designed with thermal lands and thermal vias to complete the heat removal subsystem, as summarized in Reference [4]. Note that the PowerPAD integrated circuit package is not directly connected to any leads of the package. However, it is electrically and thermally connected to the substrate which is the ground of the device. The PowerPAD integrated circuit package should be connected to the quiet ground of the circuit. Circuit Layout Recommendations In a MOSFET driver operating at high frequency, it is critical to minimize stray inductance to minimize overshoot/undershoot and ringing. The low output impedance of the drivers produces waveforms with high di/dt. This tends to induce ringing in the parasitic inductances. It is advantageous to connect the driver device close to the MOSFETs. It is recommended that the PGND and the AGND pins be connected to the PowerPAD integrated circuit package with a thin trace. It is critical to ensure that the voltage potential between these two pins does not exceed 0.3 V. The use of schottky diodes on the outputs to PGND and PVDD is recommended when driving gate transformers. See Reference 4 for a description of proper pad layout for the PowerPAD integrated circuit package. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 21 UCD8220-Q1 SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 www.ti.com REFERENCES 1. Power Supply Seminar SEM-1600 Topic 6: A Practical Introduction to Digital Power Supply Control, by Laszlo Balogh, Texas Instruments Literature No. SLUP224 2. Power Supply Seminar SEM−1400 Topic 2: Design And Application Guide For High Speed MOSFET Gate Drive Circuits, by Laszlo Balogh, Texas Instruments Literature No. SLUP133. 3. Technical Brief, PowerPAD Thermally Enhanced Package, Texas Instruments Literature No. SLMA002 4. Application Brief, PowerPAD Made Easy, Texas Instruments Literature No. SLMA004 5. Power Supply Seminar SEM-300 Topic 2, "Closing the Feedback Loop", by Lloyd Dixon Jr., Texas Instruments, (Literature Number SLUP068) 6. Application Note, "Practical Considerations in Current Mode Power Supplies", Texas Instruments Literature Number SLUA110. 7. U-97, Application Note, Modelling, Analysis and Compensation of the Current-Mode Converter, Texas Instruments Literature Number SLUA101. RELATED PRODUCTS PRODUCT UCD9501 MSP430F1232 22 DESCRIPTION FEATURES Digital Power Controller for High Performance Multi-loop Applications Microcontroller Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 UCD8220-Q1 www.ti.com SLUSB36A – JUNE 2012 – REVISED JUNE 2012 REVISION HISTORY Changes from Original (June 2012) to Revision A • Page Device went from preview to production ............................................................................................................................... 1 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCD8220-Q1 23 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 29-Jun-2012 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device UCD8220QPWPRQ1 Status (1) ACTIVE Package Type Package Drawing HTSSOP PWP Pins Package Qty 16 2000 Eco Plan (2) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Lead/ Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) Samples (Requires Login) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. 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