Ultralow Noise Drivers for Low Voltage ADCs ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 14 –VS ADA4930-1 –FB 1 12 PD 9 VOCM 09209-001 +VS 7 10 +OUT +FB 4 +VS 8 11 –OUT –IN 3 +VS 5 +IN 2 +VS 6 Low input voltage noise: 1.2 nV/√Hz Low common-mode output: 0.9 V on single supply Extremely low harmonic distortion −104 dBc HD2 at 10 MHz −79 dBc HD2 at 70 MHz −73 dBc HD2 at 100 MHz −101 dBc HD3 at 10 MHz −82 dBc HD3 at 70 MHz −75 dBc HD3 at 100 MHz High speed −3 dB bandwidth of 1.35 GHz, G = 1 Slew rate: 3400 V/μs, 25% to 75% 0.1 dB gain flatness to 380 MHz Fast overdrive recovery of 1.5 ns 0.5 mV typical offset voltage Externally adjustable gain Differential-to-differential or single-ended-to-differential operation Adjustable output common-mode voltage Single-supply operation: 3.3 V or 5 V 13 –VS FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAMS 16 –VS 15 –VS FEATURES 24 23 22 21 20 19 +IN1 –FB1 –VS1 –VS1 PD1 –OUT1 Figure 1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 ADA4930-2 18 17 16 15 14 13 +OUT1 VOCM1 –VS2 –VS2 PD2 –OUT2 09209-002 –IN2 +FB2 +VS2 +VS2 VOCM2 +OUT2 7 8 9 10 11 12 –IN1 +FB1 +VS1 +VS1 –FB2 +IN2 Figure 2. 100 APPLICATIONS 10 VN (nV/√hz) ADC drivers Single-ended-to-differential converters IF and baseband gain blocks Differential buffers Line drivers 1 The ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 are very low noise, low distortion, high speed differential amplifiers. They are an ideal choice for driving 1.8 V high performance ADCs with resolutions up to 14 bits from dc to 70 MHz. The adjustable output common mode allows the ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 to match the input of the ADC. The internal common-mode feedback loop provides exceptional output balance, suppression of even-order harmonic distortion products, and dc level translation. With the ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2, differential gain configurations are easily realized with a simple external feedback network of four resistors determining the closed-loop gain of the amplifier. The ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 are fabricated using Analog Devices, Inc., proprietary silicon-germanium (SiGe), complementary bipolar process, enabling them to achieve very low levels of distortion with an input voltage noise of only 1.2 nV/√Hz. 0 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) 100M 09209-003 GENERAL DESCRIPTION Figure 3. Voltage Noise Spectral Density The low dc offset and excellent dynamic performance of the ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 make them well suited for a wide variety of data acquisition and signal processing applications. The ADA4930-1 is available in a Pb-free, 3 mm × 3 mm 16-lead LFCSP, and the ADA4930-2 is available in a Pb-free, 4 mm × 4 mm 24-lead LFCSP. The pinout has been optimized to facilitate printed circuit board (PCB) layout and minimize distortion. The ADA4930-1 is specified to operate over the −40°C to +105°C temperature range, and the ADA4930-2 is specified to operate over the −40°C to +105°C temperature range for 3.3 V or 5 V supply voltages. Rev. A Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 ©2010 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Test Circuits ..................................................................................... 15 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 Operational Description ................................................................ 16 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Definition of Terms .................................................................... 16 Functional Block Diagrams ............................................................. 1 Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 17 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Analyzing an Application Circuit ............................................ 17 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Setting the Closed-Loop Gain .................................................. 17 3.3 V Operation ............................................................................ 3 Estimating the Output Noise Voltage ...................................... 17 3.3 V VOCM to VO, cm Performance ............................................... 4 Impact of Mismatches in the Feedback Networks ................. 18 3.3 V General Performance ......................................................... 4 Input Common-Mode Voltage Range ..................................... 18 5 V Operation ............................................................................... 5 Minimum RG Value .................................................................... 19 5 V VOCM to VO, cm Performance .................................................. 6 Setting the Output Common-Mode Voltage .......................... 19 5 V General Performance ............................................................ 6 Calculating the Input Impedance for an Application Circuit ....................................................................................................... 19 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 7 Thermal Resistance ...................................................................... 7 Maximum Power Dissipation ..................................................... 7 ESD Caution .................................................................................. 7 Pin Configurations and Function Descriptions ........................... 8 Layout, Grounding, and Bypassing .............................................. 23 High Performance ADC Driving ................................................. 24 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 25 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 25 Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 9 REVISION HISTORY 10/10—Rev. 0 to Rev. A Changes to General Description .................................................... 1 10/10—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. A | Page 2 of 28 ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 SPECIFICATIONS 3.3 V OPERATION VS = 3.3 V, VICM = 0.9 V, VOCM = 0.9 V, RF = 301 Ω, RG = 301 Ω, RL, dm = 1 kΩ, single-ended input, differential output, TA = 25°C, TMIN to TMAX = −40°C to +105°C, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE −3 dB Small Signal Bandwidth −3 dB Large Signal Bandwidth Bandwidth for 0.1 dB Flatness ADA4930-1 ADA4930-2 Slew Rate Settling Time to 0.1% Overdrive Recovery Time NOISE/HARMONIC PERFORMANCE HD2/HD3 Third-Order IMD Input Voltage Noise Input Current Noise Crosstalk DC PERFORMANCE Input Offset Voltage Input Offset Voltage Drift Input Bias Current Input Bias Current Drift Input Offset Current Open-Loop Gain INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Input Common-Mode Voltage Range Input Resistance Input Capacitance CMRR OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Linear Output Current Output Balance Error Test Conditions/Comments Min VO, dm = 0.1 V p-p VO, dm = 2 V p-p VO, dm = 0.1 V p-p Typ Max Unit 1430 887 MHz MHz VO, dm = 2 V step, 25% to 75% VO, dm = 2 V step, RL = 200 Ω G = 3, VIN, dm = 0.7 V p-p pulse 380 89 2877 6.3 1.5 MHz MHz V/μs ns ns VO, dm = 2 V p-p, fC = 10 MHz VO, dm = 2 V p-p, fC = 30 MHz VO, dm = 2 V p-p, fC = 70 MHz VO, dm = 2 V p-p, fC = 100 MHz VO, dm = 1 V p-p/tone, fC = 70.05 MHz ± 0.05 MHz VO, dm = 1 V p-p/tone, fC = 140.05 MHz ± 0.05 MHz f = 100 kHz f = 100 kHz f = 100 MHz, ADA4930-2, RL = 200 Ω −98/−97 −91/−88 −79/−79 −73/−73 91 86 1.15 3 −90 dB dB dB dB dBc dBc nV/√Hz pA/√Hz dB VIP = VIN = VOCM = 0 V, RL = open circuit TMIN to TMAX −3.1 −36 TMIN to TMAX −1.8 RF = RG = 10 kΩ, ΔVO = 0.5 V, RL = open circuit −0.5 2.75 −24 −0.05 +0.1 64 0.3 Differential Common mode Common mode ΔVICM = 0.5 V dc; RF = RG = 10 kΩ, RL = open circuit Each single-ended output; RF = RG = 10 kΩ Each single-ended output; f = 1 MHz, TDH ≤ 60 dBc f = 1 MHz Rev. A | Page 3 of 28 +3.1 −16 +1.8 1.2 150 3 1 −82 0.11 −77 1.74 30 55 mV μV/°C μA μA/°C μA dB V kΩ MΩ pF dB V mA dB ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 3.3 V VOCM TO VO, CM PERFORMANCE Table 2. Parameter VOCM DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE −3 dB Bandwidth Slew Rate VOCM INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Input Voltage Range Input Resistance Input Offset Voltage Input Voltage Noise Gain CMRR Test Conditions/Comments Min VO, cm = 0.1 V p-p VO, cm = 2 V p-p, 25% to 75% VOS, cm = VO, cm − VOCM; VIP = VIN = VOCM = 0 V f = 100 kHz Typ Max 745 828 0.8 7.0 −25 0.99 ΔVOCM = 0.5 V dc; RF = RG = 10 kΩ, RL = open circuit Unit MHz V/μs 8.3 +15.4 23.5 1 −83 1.1 10.3 +31 1.02 −77 V kΩ mV nV/√Hz V/V dB Typ Max Unit 3.3 V GENERAL PERFORMANCE Table 3. Parameter POWER SUPPLY Operating Range Quiescent Current per Amplifier +PSRR −PSRR POWER-DOWN (PD) PD Input Voltage Turn-Off Time Turn-On Time PD Pin Bias Current Enabled Disabled Test Conditions/Comments Min Enabled Enabled, TMIN to TMAX variation Disabled ΔVICM = 0.5 V; RF = RG = 10 kΩ, RL = open circuit ΔVICM = 0.5 V; RF = RG = 10 kΩ, RL = open circuit 32 0.44 3.3 35 81 1.8 −74 −87 40 2.35 −70 −76 V mA μA/°C mA dB dB Disabled Enabled <0.8 >1.3 1 12 V V μs ns PD = 3.3 V PD = 0 V 0.09 97 μA μA OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE −40 Rev. A | Page 4 of 28 +105 °C ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 5 V OPERATION VS = 5 V, VICM = 0.9 V, VOCM = 0.9 V, RF = 301 Ω, RG = 301 Ω, RL, dm = 1 kΩ, single-ended input, differential output, TA= 25°C, TMIN to TMAX = −40°C to +105°C, unless otherwise noted. Table 4. Parameter DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE −3 dB Small Signal Bandwidth −3 dB Large Signal Bandwidth Bandwidth for 0.1 dB Flatness ADA4930-1 ADA4930-2 Slew Rate Settling Time to 0.1% Overdrive Recovery Time NOISE/HARMONIC PERFORMANCE HD2/HD3 Third-Order IMD Input Voltage Noise Input Current Noise Crosstalk DC PERFORMANCE Input Offset Voltage Input Offset Voltage Drift Input Bias Current Input Bias Current Drift Input Offset Current Open-Loop Gain INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Input Common-Mode Voltage Range Input Resistance Input Capacitance CMRR OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Linear Output Current Output Balance Error Test Conditions/Comments Min VO, dm = 0.1 V p-p VO, dm = 2 V p-p VO, dm = 0.1 V p-p Typ Max Unit 1350 937 MHz MHz VO, dm = 2 V step, 25% to 75% VO, dm = 2 V step, RL = 200 Ω G = 3, VIN, dm = 0.7 V p-p pulse 369 90 3400 6 1.5 MHz MHz V/μs ns ns VO, dm = 2 V p-p, fC = 10 MHz VO, dm = 2 V p-p, fC = 30 MHz VO, dm = 2 V p-p, fC = 70 MHz VO, dm = 2 V p-p, fC = 100 MHz VO, dm = 1 V p-p/tone, fC = 70.05 MHz ± 0.05 MHz VO, dm = 1 V p-p/tone, fC = 140.05 MHz ± 0.05 MHz f = 100 kHz f = 100 kHz f = 100 MHz, ADA4930-2, RL = 200 Ω −104/−101 −91/−93 −79/−82 −73/−75 94 90 1.2 2.8 −90 dB dB dB dB dBc dBc nV/√Hz pA/√Hz dB VIP = VIN = VOCM = 0 V, RL = open circuit TMIN to TMAX −3.1 −34 TMIN to TMAX −0.82 RF = RG = 10 kΩ, ΔVO = 1 V, RL = open circuit −0.15 1.8 −23 −0.05 +0.1 64 0.3 Differential Common mode Common mode ΔVICM = 1 V dc; RF = RG = 10 kΩ, RL = open circuit Each single-ended output; RF = RG = 10 kΩ Each single-ended output; f = 1 MHz, TDH ≤ 60 dBc f = 1 MHz Rev. A | Page 5 of 28 +3.1 −15 +0.82 2.8 150 3 1 −82 0.18 −77 3.38 30 55 mV μV/°C μA μA/°C μA dB V kΩ MΩ pF dB V mA dB ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 5 V VOCM TO VO, CM PERFORMANCE Table 5. Parameter VOCM DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE −3 dB Bandwidth Slew Rate VOCM INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Input Voltage Range Input Resistance Input Offset Voltage Input Voltage Noise Gain CMRR Test Conditions/Comments Min VO, cm = 0.1 V p-p VO, cm = 2 V p-p, 25% to 75% VOS, cm = VO, cm − VOCM; VIP = VIN = VOCM = 0 V f = 100 kHz Typ Max 740 1224 0.5 7.0 −25 0.99 ΔVOCM = 1.5 V; RF = RG = 10 kΩ, RL = open circuit 8.3 +0.35 23.5 1 −80 Unit MHz V/μs 2.3 10.2 +15 1.02 −77 V kΩ mV nV/√Hz V/V dB Max Unit 5 V GENERAL PERFORMANCE Table 6. Parameter POWER SUPPLY Operating Range Quiescent Current per Amplifier +PSRR −PSRR POWER-DOWN (PD) PD Input Voltage Turn-Off Time Turn-On Time PD Pin Bias Current Enabled Disabled Test Conditions/Comments Min Enabled Enabled, TMIN to TMAX variation Disabled ΔVICM = 1 V; RF = RG = 10 kΩ, RL = open circuit ΔVICM = 1 V; RF = RG = 10 kΩ, RL = open circuit 31.1 0.45 Typ 5 34 74.5 1.8 −74 −91 38.4 2.6 −71 −75 V mA μA/°C mA dB dB Disabled Enabled <2.5 >3 1 12 V V μs ns PD = 5 V PD = 0 V 0.09 97 μA μA OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE −40 Rev. A | Page 6 of 28 +105 °C ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Rating 5.5 V See Figure 4 −65°C to +125°C −40°C to +105°C 300°C 150°C Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. THERMAL RESISTANCE θJA is specified for the device (including exposed pad) soldered to a high thermal conductivity 2s2p circuit board, as described in EIA/JESD51-7. Table 8. Thermal Resistance Package Type 16-Lead LFCSP (Exposed Pad) 24-Lead LFCSP (Exposed Pad) θJA 98 67 Unit °C/W °C/W MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION The maximum safe power dissipation in the ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 packages is limited by the associated rise in junction temperature (TJ) on the die. At approximately 150°C, which is the glass transition temperature, the plastic changes its properties. Even temporarily exceeding this temperature limit can change the stresses that the package exerts on the die, permanently shifting the parametric performance of the ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2. Exceeding a junction temperature of 150°C for an extended period can result in changes in the silicon devices, potentially causing failure. Airflow increases heat dissipation, effectively reducing θJA. In addition, more metal directly in contact with the package leads/ exposed pad from metal traces, through holes, ground, and power planes reduces θJA. Figure 4 shows the maximum safe power dissipation vs. the ambient temperature for the ADA4930-1 single 16-lead LFCSP (98°C/W) and the ADA4930-2 dual 24-lead LFCSP (67°C/W) on a JEDEC standard 4-layer board. 3.5 3.0 2.5 ADA4930-2 2.0 1.5 ADA4930-1 1.0 0.5 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 4. Maximum Power Dissipation vs. Ambient Temperature, 4-Layer Board ESD CAUTION Rev. A | Page 7 of 28 09209-004 Parameter Supply Voltage Power Dissipation Storage Temperature Range Operating Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) Junction Temperature The power dissipated in the package (PD) is the sum of the quiescent power dissipation and the power dissipated in the package due to the load drive. The quiescent power is the voltage between the supply pins (VS) times the quiescent current (IS). The power dissipated due to the load drive depends upon the particular application. The power due to load drive is calculated by multiplying the load current by the associated voltage drop across the device. RMS voltages and currents must be used in these calculations. MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION (W) Table 7. ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 +IN1 –FB1 –VS1 –VS1 PD1 –OUT1 24 23 22 21 20 19 –IN 3 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 10 +OUT NOTES 1. EXPOSED PADDLE. THE EXPOSED PAD IS NOT ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED TO THE DEVICE. IT IS TYPICALLY SOLDERED TO GROUND OR A POWER PLANE ON THE PCB THAT IS THERMALLY CONDUCTIVE. PIN 1 INDICATOR ADA4930-2 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 18 17 16 15 14 13 +OUT1 VOCM1 –VS2 –VS2 PD2 –OUT2 7 8 9 10 11 12 +VS 8 +VS 5 9 VOCM 1 2 3 4 5 6 NOTES 1. EXPOSED PADDLE. THE EXPOSED PAD IS NOT ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED TO THE DEVICE. IT IS TYPICALLY SOLDERED TO GROUND OR A POWER PLANE ON THE PCB THAT IS THERMALLY CONDUCTIVE. Figure 5. ADA4930-1 Pin Configuration 09209-006 11 –OUT +VS 7 ADA4930-1 +VS 6 +IN 2 +FB 4 –IN1 +FB1 +VS1 +VS1 –FB2 +IN2 12 PD –IN2 +FB2 +VS2 +VS2 VOCM2 +OUT2 14 –VS 13 –VS PIN 1 INDICATOR 09209-005 –FB 1 15 –VS 16 –VS PIN CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS Figure 6. ADA4930-2 Pin Configuration Table 9. ADA4930-1 Pin Function Descriptions Table 10. ADA4930-2 Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. 1 Mnemonic −FB 2 3 4 +IN −IN +FB 5 to 8 9 10 11 12 13 to 16 +VS VOCM +OUT −OUT PD −VS EPAD Pin No. 1 2 3, 4 5 6 7 8 9, 10 11 12 13 14 15, 16 17 18 19 20 21, 22 23 24 Description Negative Output for Feedback Component Connection. Positive Input Summing Node. Negative Input Summing Node. Positive Output for Feedback Component Connection. Positive Supply Voltage. Output Common-Mode Voltage. Positive Output for Load Connection. Negative Output for Load Connection. Power-Down Pin. Negative Supply Voltage. Exposed Paddle. The exposed pad is not electrically connected to the device. It is typically soldered to ground or a power plane on the PCB that is thermally conductive. Rev. A | Page 8 of 28 Mnemonic −IN1 +FB1 +VS1 −FB2 +IN2 −IN2 +FB2 +VS2 VOCM2 +OUT2 −OUT2 PD2 −VS2 VOCM1 +OUT1 −OUT1 PD1 −VS1 −FB1 +IN1 EPAD Description Negative Input Summing Node 1. Positive Output Feedback Pin 1. Positive Supply Voltage 1. Negative Output Feedback Pin 2. Positive Input Summing Node 2. Negative Input Summing Node 2. Positive Output Feedback Pin 2. Positive Supply Voltage 2. Output Common-Mode Voltage 2. Positive Output 2. Negative Output 2. Power-Down Pin 2. Negative Supply Voltage 2. Output Common-Mode Voltage 1. Positive Output 1. Negative Output 1. Power-Down Pin 1. Negative Supply Voltage 1. Negative Output Feedback Pin 1. Positive Input Summing Node 1. Exposed Paddle. The exposed pad is not electrically connected to the device. It is typically soldered to ground or a power plane on the PCB that is thermally conductive. ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25°C, VS = 5 V, VICM = 0.9 V, VOCM = 0.9 V, RL, dm = 1 kΩ, unless otherwise noted. 3 NORMALIZED CLOSED LOOP GAIN (dB) –3 G = 1, RG = 300Ω G = 2, RG = 150Ω G = 5, RG = 60Ω –6 –9 –12 –15 –18 –21 –24 –27 1M 10M 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) 1G 10G VIN = 2V p-p 0 –3 G = 1, RG = 300Ω G = 2, RG = 150Ω G = 5, RG = 60Ω –6 –9 –12 –15 –18 –21 –24 –27 1M Figure 7. Small Signal Frequency Response at Gain = 1, Gain = 2, and Gain = 5 6 VIN = 100mV 3 VIN = 2V p-p –6 –9 –12 –15 –18 –6 –9 –12 –15 –18 –21 –21 –24 –24 –27 1M 10M 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) 1G 10G VS = 3.3V VS = 5.0V –3 –27 1M Figure 8. Small Signal Frequency Response at VS = 3.3 V and VS = 5 V 10M 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) 1G 10G 09209-011 CLOSED LOOP GAIN (dB) VS = 3.3V VS = 5.0V 09209-008 CLOSED LOOP GAIN (dB) 10G 0 –3 Figure 11. Large Signal Frequency Response at VS = 3.3 V and VS = 5 V 6 VIN = 100mV 3 0 VIN = 2V p-p 0 –3 –6 CLOSED LOOP GAIN (dB) TA = –40°C TA = +25°C TA = +105°C –9 –12 –15 –18 –3 –6 –12 –15 –18 –21 –24 –24 –27 1M 10M 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) 1G 10G Figure 9. Small Signal Frequency Response at TA = −40°C, TA = 25°C, and TA = 105°C TA = –40°C TA = +25°C TA = +105°C –9 –21 09209-009 CLOSED LOOP GAIN (dB) 1G Figure 10. Large Signal Frequency Response at Gain = 1, Gain = 2, and Gain = 5 0 3 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) –27 1M 10M 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) 1G Figure 12. Large Signal Frequency Response at TA = −40°C, TA = 25°C, and TA = 105°C Rev. A | Page 9 of 28 10G 09209-012 3 10M 09209-010 VIN = 100mV 0 09209-007 NORMALIZED CLOSED LOOP GAIN (dB) 3 ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 6 VIN = 100mV p-p 0 CLOSED-LOOP GAIN (dB) –3 RL = 1kΩ RL = 200Ω –6 –9 –12 –15 –18 –3 –9 –12 –15 –18 –21 –21 –24 –24 1M 10M 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) 1G –27 09209-013 –27 10G RL = 1kΩ RL = 200Ω –6 1M Figure 13. Small Signal Frequency Response for RL = 200 Ω and RL = 1 kΩ 1G 10G 0.4 VIN = 100mV 0.3 1 ADA4930-2, ADA4930-2, ADA4930-1, ADA4930-1, ADA4930-2, ADA4930-2, 0.2 0 0.1 GAIN (dB) GAIN (dB) 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 16. Large Signal Frequency Response for RL = 200 Ω and RL = 1 kΩ 3 2 10M 09209-016 NORMALIZED CLOSED LOOP GAIN (dB) VIN = 2V p-p 3 0 –1 –2 200Ω, OUT 1 200Ω, OUT 2 200Ω 1kΩ 1kΩ, OUT 1 1kΩ, OUT 2 0 –0.1 –3 –0.2 –4 –0.3 –5 10M 100M 1G FREQUENCY (Hz) –0.4 09209-014 –6 1M 1M 10M 100M 1G FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 14. VOCM Small Signal Frequency Response 09209-017 3 Figure 17. Small Signal 0.1 dB Flatness vs. Frequency for RL = 200 Ω and RL = 1 kΩ –40 –50 –50 –80 –60 GAIN = 1 GAIN = 1 GAIN = 2 GAIN = 2 GAIN = 5 GAIN = 5 DISTORTION (dBc) –70 HD2, HD3, HD2, HD3, HD2, HD3, –90 –70 HD2, HD3, HD2, HD3, –80 RL = 200Ω RL = 200Ω RL = 1kΩ RL = 1kΩ –90 –100 –120 1M 10M 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) 200M Figure 15. Harmonic Distortion vs. Frequency for Gain = 1, Gain = 2, and Gain = 5 –110 1M 10M 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 18. Harmonic Distortion vs. Frequency for RL = 200 Ω and RL = 1 kΩ Rev. A | Page 10 of 28 200M 09209-018 –100 –110 09209-015 DISTORTION (dBc) –60 ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 –20 –60 –65 –40 –75 –80 HD2, HD3, HD2, HD3, –85 –90 DISTORTON (dBc) DISTORTION (dBc) –70 VS = 3.3V VS = 3.3V VS = 5.0V VS = 5.0V –95 –100 –60 HD2, HD3, HD2, HD3, –80 3.3V 3.3V 5.0V 5.0V –100 –120 100M 200M FREQUENCY (Hz) –140 1.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 Figure 22. Harmonic Distortion vs. Output @ 10 MHz –40 –40 10MHz, 10MHz, 70MHz, 70MHz, –50 HD2 HD3 HD2 HD3 –50 DISTORTION (dBc) –60 –70 –80 –90 10MHz, 10MHz, 70MHz, 70MHz, –60 –70 HD2 HD3 HD2 HD3 –80 –90 –100 –100 –110 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 VOCM ABOVE – VS (V) –110 0.5 09209-020 –120 0.4 1.5 2.0 2.5 VOCM ABOVE – VS (V) Figure 20. Harmonic Distortion vs. VOCM at VS = 3.3 V at 10 MHz and 70 MHz Figure 23. Harmonic Distortion vs. VOCM at 10 MHz and 70 MHz 0 20 –40 VOUT = 1V p-p VOUT = 1V p-p VOUT = 2V p-p VOUT = 2V p-p NORMALIZED SPECTRUM (dBc) HD2, HD3, HD2, HD3, –20 –60 –80 –100 –120 0 –20 –40 –60 –80 –100 –120 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) 100M 200M 09209-021 –140 1M 1.0 –140 69.8 69.9 70.0 70.1 FREQUENCY (MHz) 70.2 Figure 24. 70 MHz Intermodulation Distortion Figure 21. Distortion vs. VOUT at VS = 3.3 V Rev. A | Page 11 of 28 70.3 09209-024 DISTORTION (dBc) 2.0 VOUT (V p-p) Figure 19. ADA4930-1 Harmonic Distortion vs. Frequency at VS = 3.3 V and VS = 5 V DISTOTION (dBc) 1.5 09209-022 10M 09209-019 –110 1M 09209-023 –105 ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 –40 –20 –45 –30 –40 PSRR (dB) –55 –60 –65 –50 –60 –70 –80 –70 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) 100M 1G –100 100k 09209-025 –75 100k 1G –20 CHANNEL 1 TO CHANNEL 2 CHANNEL 2 TO CHANNEL 1 VIN = 1V p-p GAIN = 2 –25 –80 –90 –100 –110 –35 –40 –45 –120 –50 –130 –55 –140 1M 10M 1G 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) –60 1M 10M 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) 1G 09209-029 CROSSTALK (dB) –30 09209-026 CROSSTALK (dB) 100M Figure 28. PSRR vs. Frequency, RL = 200 Ω –60 Figure 29. Output Balance vs. Frequency, RL = 200 Ω Figure 26. Crosstalk vs. Frequency, RL = 200 Ω –50 0 –55 S11 S22 –10 –60 –65 DISTORTION (dBc) –20 –30 –40 –50 –70 –75 –80 –85 RL = 200Ω RL = 1kΩ –90 –95 –60 –100 –70 1M 10M 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) 1G 10G 09209-027 S PARAMETERS (dB) 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 25. CMRR vs. Frequency, RL = 200 Ω –70 1M 09209-028 –90 Figure 27. S11, S22, RL = 200 Ω –105 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 30. SFDR Rev. A | Page 12 of 28 100M 200M 09209-030 CMRR (dB) –50 ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 80 60 70 30 60 0 30 GAIN –60 –120 10 –150 0 –180 –10 –210 –20 –240 –30 –270 –40 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 1 –300 10G 1G VN (nV/√hz) 20 10 PHASE (°) –90 PHASE 0 09209-031 30 FREQUENCY (MHz) 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 31. Open Loop Gain and Phase Figure 34. Voltage Noise Spectral Density 0.10 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.05 VOUT (V) VOUT (V) 0.94 0 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.86 –0.05 0.84 0.82 4 6 8 10 TIME (ns) 0.80 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 09209-035 2 18 20 09209-036 0 09209-032 –0.10 TIME (ns) Figure 32. Small Signal Pulse Response Figure 35. Small Signal VOCM Pulse Response 2.0 3.0 VO = 2V p-p VO = 1V p-p 1.5 2.5 1.0 2.0 VOUT (V) 0.5 0 –0.5 1.5 1.0 –1.0 0.5 –1.5 –2.0 0 2 4 6 8 TIME (ns) 10 09209-033 VOUT (V) GAIN (dB) 40 09209-034 50 100 Figure 33. Large Signal Pulse Response 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 TIME (ns) Figure 36. Large Signal VOCM Pulse Response Rev. A | Page 13 of 28 2.5 2.00 2.0 1.75 1.5 1.50 1.0 1.25 PD +OUT –OUT 1.00 0.75 0.5 0 –0.5 0.50 –1.0 0.25 –1.5 0 –2.0 –0.25 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 TIME (ns) 700 800 900 1000 Figure 37. PD Response vs. Time VIN × 3 VO, dm –2.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 TIME (ns) 35 Figure 38. Vo, dm Overdrive Recovery Rev. A | Page 14 of 28 40 45 50 09209-038 VOLTAGE (V) 2.25 09209-037 VOLTAGE (V) ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 TEST CIRCUITS 301Ω +VS 50Ω 301Ω VIN 57.6Ω VOCM 0.9V 0.9V ADA4930 1kΩ 301Ω 09209-046 26.7Ω 301Ω 0.9V Figure 39. Equivalent Basic Test Circuit 301Ω +VS 50Ω 301Ω 57.6Ω VIN VOCM 0.9V 0.9V 50Ω ADA4930 50Ω 301Ω 09209-047 26.7Ω 301Ω 0.9V Figure 40. Test Circuit for Output Balance 301Ω +VS VIN 0.1µF 301Ω FILTER VOCM 57.6Ω ADA4930 0.9V FILTER 261Ω 0.1µF 301Ω 412Ω 412Ω 0.9V 0.9V 26.7Ω 0.9V 301Ω Figure 41. Test Circuit for Distortion Measurements Rev. A | Page 15 of 28 09209-048 50Ω ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTION Common-Mode Voltage DEFINITION OF TERMS –FB RG +IN VOCM –DIN –OUT ADA4930 RG R F –IN VOUT, cm = (V+OUT + V−OUT)/2 RL, dm VOUT, dm +OUT +FB Balance 09209-049 +DIN Common-mode voltage refers to the average of two node voltages. The output common-mode voltage is defined as RF Figure 42. Circuit Definitions Differential Voltage Differential voltage refers to the difference between two node voltages. For example, the output differential voltage (or, equivalently, output differential-mode voltage) is defined as VOUT, dm = (V+OUT − V−OUT) Output balance is a measure of how close the differential signals are to being equal in amplitude and opposite in phase. Output balance is most easily determined by placing a well-matched resistor divider between the differential voltage nodes and comparing the magnitude of the signal at the divider midpoint with the magnitude of the differential signal (see Figure 39). By this definition, output balance is the magnitude of the output common-mode voltage divided by the magnitude of the output differential mode voltage. where V+OUT and V−OUT refer to the voltages at the +OUT and −OUT terminals with respect to a common reference. Rev. A | Page 16 of 28 Output Balance Error = VOUT , cm VOUT , dm ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 THEORY OF OPERATION Two feedback loops control the differential and common-mode output voltages. The differential feedback, set with external resistors, controls the differential output voltage. The commonmode feedback controls the common-mode output voltage. This architecture makes it easy to set the output common-mode level to any arbitrary value within the specified limits. The output common-mode voltage is forced to be equal to the voltage applied to the VOCM input by the internal common-mode feedback loop. The internal common-mode feedback loop produces outputs that are highly balanced over a wide frequency range without requiring tightly matched external components. This results in differential outputs that are very close to the ideal of being identical in amplitude and are exactly 180°◀apart in phase. ESTIMATING THE OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE The differential output noise of the ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 can be estimated using the noise model in Figure 43. The input-referred noise voltage density, vnIN, is modeled as differential. The noise currents, inIN− and inIN+, appear between each input and ground. VnRG1 SETTING THE CLOSED-LOOP GAIN The differential-mode gain of the circuit in Figure 42 is determined by VOUT , dm VIN , dm = RF RG where the gain and feedback resistors, RG and RF, on each side are equal. VnRF1 RF1 inIN+ + VnIN inIN– ADA4930 VnOD VOCM VnRG2 RG2 RF2 VnCM VnRF2 Figure 43. Noise Model Similar to the case of conventional op amps, the output noise voltage densities can be estimated by multiplying the inputreferred terms at +IN and −IN by an appropriate output factor. The output voltage due to vnIN is obtained by multiplying vnIN by the noise gain, GN. The circuit noise gain is GN = ANALYZING AN APPLICATION CIRCUIT The ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 use high open-loop gain and negative feedback to force their differential and common-mode output voltages to minimize the differential and common-mode error voltages. The differential error voltage is defined as the voltage between the differential inputs labeled +IN and −IN (see Figure 42). For most purposes, this voltage can be assumed to be zero. Similarly, the difference between the actual output common-mode voltage and the voltage applied to VOCM can also be assumed to be zero. Starting from these two assumptions, any application circuit can be analyzed. RG1 09209-050 The ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 differ from conventional op amps in that they have two outputs whose voltages move in opposite directions and an additional input, VOCM. Like an op amp, they rely on high open-loop gain and negative feedback to force these outputs to the desired voltages. The ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 behave much like standard voltage feedback op amps and facilitate single-ended-to-differential conversions, common-mode level shifting, and amplifications of differential signals. Like op amps, the ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 have high input impedance and low output impedance. 2 (β1 + β2 ) where the feedback factors are β1 = RG1 RG2 and β2 = . RF1 + RG1 RF2 + RG2 When the feedback factors are matched, RF1/RG1 = RF2/RG2, R 1 β1 = β2 = β, and the noise gain becomes GN = = 1 + F . β RG The noise currents are uncorrelated with the same mean-square value, and each produces an output voltage that is equal to the noise current multiplied by the associated feedback resistance. The noise voltage density at the VOCM pin is vnCM. When the feedback networks have the same feedback factor, as in most cases, the output noise due to vnCM is common-mode and the output noise from VOCM is zero. Each of the four resistors contributes (4kTRxx)1/2. The noise from the feedback resistors appears directly at the output, and the noise from the gain resistors appears at the output multiplied by RF/RG. The total differential output noise density, vnOD, is the root-sumsquare of the individual output noise terms. vnOD = Rev. A | Page 17 of 28 8 ∑ (vnODi )2 i =1 ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 Table 11. Output Noise Voltage Density Calculations for Matched Feedback Networks Input Noise Contribution Differential Input Inverting Input Noninverting Input VOCM Input Gain Resistor RG1 Gain Resistor RG2 Feedback Resistor RF1 Feedback Resistor RF2 Input Noise Term vnIN inIN+ inIN− vnCM vnRG1 vnRG2 vnRF1 vnRF2 Input Noise Voltage Density vnIN inIN+ × (RF2) inIN− × (RF1) vnCM (4kTRG1)1/2 (4kTRG2)1/2 (4kTRF1)1/2 (4kTRF2)1/2 Output Multiplication Factor GN 1 1 0 RF1/RG1 RF2/RG2 1 1 Differential Output Noise Voltage Density Terms vnOD1 = GN(vnIN) vnOD2 = (inIN+)(RF2) vnOD3 = (inIN−)(RF1) vnOD4 = 0 vnOD5 = (RF1/RG1)(4kTRG1)1/2 vnOD6 = (RF2/RG2)(4kTRG2)1/2 vnOD7 = (4kTRF1)1/2 vnOD8 = (4kTRF2)1/2 Table 12. Differential Input, DC-Coupled, VS = 5 V Nominal Gain (dB) 0 6 10 14 RF1, RF2 (Ω) 301 301 301 301 RG1, RG2 (Ω) 301 150 95.3 60.4 RIN, dm (Ω) 602 300 190.6 120.4 Differential Output Noise Density (nV/√Hz) 4.9 6.2 7.8 10.1 Table 13. Single-Ended Ground-Referenced Input, DC-Coupled, RS = 50 Ω, VS = 5 V Nominal Gain (dB) 0 6 10 14 1 RF1, RF2 (Ω) 301 301 301 301 RG1 (Ω) 142 63.4 33.2 10.2 RT (Ω) 64.2 84.5 1k 1.15 k RIN, cm (Ω) 190.67 95.06 53.54 17.5 RG2 (Ω)1 170 95 69.3 57.7 Differential Output Noise Density (nV/√Hz) 5.9 7.8 9.3 10.4 RG2 = RG1 + (RS||RT). Table 11 summarizes the input noise sources, the multiplication factors, and the output-referred noise density terms. Table 12 and Table 13 list several common gain settings, associated resistor values, input impedance, and output noise density for both balanced and unbalanced input configurations. IMPACT OF MISMATCHES IN THE FEEDBACK NETWORKS As previously mentioned, even if the external feedback networks (RF/RG) are mismatched, the internal common-mode feedback loop still forces the outputs to remain balanced. The amplitudes of the signals at each output remain equal and 180° out of phase. The input-to-output differential mode gain varies proportionately to the feedback mismatch, but the output balance is unaffected. The gain from the VOCM pin to VO, dm is equal to 2(β1 − β2)/(β1 + β2) When β1 = β2, this term goes to zero and there is no differential output voltage due to the voltage on the VOCM input (including noise). The extreme case occurs when one loop is open and the other has 100% feedback; in this case, the gain from VOCM input to VO, dm is either +2 or −2, depending on which loop is closed. The feedback loops are nominally matched to within 1% in most applications, and the output noise and offsets due to the VOCM input are negligible. If the loops are intentionally mismatched by a large amount, it is necessary to include the gain term from VOCM to VO, dm and account for the extra noise. For example, if β1 = 0.5 and β2 = 0.25, the gain from VOCM to VO, dm is 0.67. If the VOCM pin is set to 0.9 V, a differential offset voltage is present at the output of (0.9 V)(0.67) = 0.6 V. The differential output noise contribution is (5 nV/√Hz)(0.67) = 3.35 nV/√Hz. Both of these results are undesirable in most applications; therefore, it is best to use nominally matched feedback factors. Mismatched feedback networks also result in a degradation of the ability of the circuit to reject input common-mode signals, much the same as for a four-resistor difference amplifier made from a conventional op amp. As a practical summarization of the previous issues, resistors of 1% tolerance produce a worst-case input CMRR of approximately 40 dB, a worst-case differential-mode output offset of 9 mV due to a 0.9 V VOCM input, negligible VOCM noise contribution, and no significant degradation in output balance error. INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE RANGE The input common-mode range at the summing nodes of the ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 is specified as 0.3 V to 1.5 V at VS = 3.3 V. To avoid nonlinearities, the voltage swing at the +IN and −IN terminals must be confined to these ranges. Rev. A | Page 18 of 28 ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 Due to the wide bandwidth of the ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2, the value of RG must be greater than or equal to 301 Ω at unity gain to provide sufficient damping in the amplifier front end. In the terminated case, RG includes the Thevenin resistance of the source and load terminations. SETTING THE OUTPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE The VOCM pin of the ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 is biased at 3/10 of the total supply voltage above −VS with an internal voltage divider. The input impedance of the VOCM pin is 8.4 kΩ. When relying on the internal bias, the output common-mode voltage is within about 100 mV of the expected value. For an unbalanced single-ended input signal, as shown in Figure 45, the input impedance is RIN,SE = RG1 where: β1 = β2 = RF ADA4930 +VS –DIN +IN VOCM RG VOUT, dm –IN RF 09209-051 +DIN RG Figure 44. ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 Configured for Balanced (Differential) Inputs RG1 + R F1 RG 2 RG2 + R F 2 +VS RIN, SE RG1 VOCM ADA4930 RL VOUT, dm RG2 –VS RF2 Figure 45. ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 with Unbalanced (Single-Ended) Input For a balanced system where RG1 = RG2 = RG and RF1 = RF2 = RF, the equations simplify to ⎞ ⎛ ⎟ ⎜ RG R G ⎟ β1 = β2 = and R IN,SE = ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ RF R G + RF ⎟ ⎜ 1− ⎝ 2(RG + R F ) ⎠ CALCULATING THE INPUT IMPEDANCE FOR AN APPLICATION CIRCUIT The effective input impedance depends on whether the signal source is single-ended or differential. For a balanced differential input signal, as shown in Figure 44, the input impedance (RIN, dm) between the inputs (+DIN and −DIN) is RIN, dm = 2 × RG. RG1 RF1 In cases where accurate control of the output common-mode level is required, it is recommended that an external source or resistor divider be used with source resistance less than 100 Ω. The output common-mode offset listed in the Specifications section assumes that the VOCM input is driven by a low impedance voltage source. It is also possible to connect the VOCM input to a common-mode voltage (VCM) output of an ADC. However, care must be taken to ensure that the output has sufficient drive capability. The input impedance of the VOCM pin is approximately 10 kΩ. If multiple ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 devices share one reference output, it is recommended that a buffer be used. β1 + β2 β1( β2 + 1) 09209-052 MINIMUM RG VALUE The input impedance of the circuit is effectively higher than it would be for a conventional op amp connected as an inverter because a fraction of the differential output voltage appears at the inputs as a common-mode signal, partially bootstrapping the voltage across the input resistor RG1. The common-mode voltage at the amplifier input terminals can be easily determined by noting that the voltage at the inverting input is equal to the noninverting output voltage divided down by the voltage divider formed by RF2 and RG2. This voltage is present at both input terminals due to negative voltage feedback and is in phase with the input signal, thus reducing the effective voltage across RG1, partially bootstrapping it. Rev. A | Page 19 of 28 ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 Terminating a Single-Ended Input 4. Set RF1 = RF2 = RF to maintain a balanced system. Compensate the imbalance caused by RTH. There are two methods available to compensate, which follow: This section describes the five steps that properly terminate a single-ended input to the ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2. Assume a system gain of 1, RF1 = RF2 = 301 Ω, an input source with an opencircuit output voltage of 2 V p-p, and a source resistance of 50 Ω. Figure 46 shows this circuit. Add RTH to RG2 to maintain balanced gain resistances V and increase RF1 and RF2 to RF = S Gain(RG + RTH) to VTH Calculate the input impedance. β1 = β2 = 301/602 = 0.5 and RIN = 401.333 Ω maintain the system gain. R × VTH Decrease RG2 to RG2 = F to maintain system VS × Gain • RF1 VS 2V p-p gain and decrease RG1 to (RG2 − RTH) to maintain balanced gain resistances. 301Ω +VS RS RG1 50Ω 301Ω VOCM ADA4930 The first compensation method is used in the Diff Amp Calculator™ tool. Using the second compensation method, RG2 = 160.498 Ω and RG1 = 160.498 − 26.66 = 133.837 Ω. The modified circuit is shown in Figure 49. RL VOUT, dm RG2 301Ω RF1 –VS 09209-053 RF2 301Ω +VS 301Ω RTH RG1 26.661Ω 133.837Ω Figure 46. Single-Ended Input Impedance RIN 2. VTH 1.066V p-p Add a termination resistor, RT. To match the 50 Ω source resistance, RT is added. Because RT||401.33 Ω = 50 Ω, RT = 57.116 Ω. VOCM ADA4930 160.498Ω RF1 50Ω RF2 +VS RS VS 2V p-p –VS 301Ω RIN 50Ω 301Ω RG1 RT 57.116Ω Figure 49. Thevenin Equivalent with Matched Gain Resistors 301Ω VOCM ADA4930 Figure 49 presents an easily manageable circuit with matched feedback loops that can be easily evaluated. The modified gain resistor, RG1, changes the input impedance. Repeat Step 1 through Step 4 several times using the modified value of RG1 from the previous iteration until the value of RT does not change from the previous iteration. After three additional iterations, the change in RG1 is less than 0.1%. The final circuit is shown in Figure 50 with the closest 0.5% resistor values. RL VOUT, dm RG2 5. 301Ω –VS 09209-054 RF2 301Ω Figure 47. Adding Termination Resistor RT Replace the source-termination resistor combination with its Thevenin equivalent. The Thevenin equivalent of the source resistance RS and the termination resistance RT is RTH = RS||RT = 26.66 Ω. TheThevenin equivalent of the source voltage is RT VTH = VS = 1.066 V p-p RS + RT RS VS 2V p-p 50Ω RF1 VS 2V p-p VTH 1.066V p-p 50Ω RG RT 64.2Ω VP 142Ω VOCM RG2 RTH RT 57.116Ω 301Ω +VS 0.998V p-p RS ADA4930 RL VOUT, dm 1.990V p-p VN 169Ω 26.661Ω Figure 48. Thevenin Equivalent Circuit –VS 09209-055 3. RL VOUT, dm RG2 09209-056 RIN 401.333Ω RF2 301Ω Figure 50. Terminated Single-Ended-to-Differential System with G = 1 Rev. A | Page 20 of 28 09209-057 1. • ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 Terminating a Single-Ended Input in a Single-Supply Applications 3. When the application circuit of Figure 50 is powered by a single supply, the common-mode voltage at the amplifier inputs, VP and VN, may have to be raised to comply with the specified input common-mode range. Two methods are available: a dc bias on the source, as shown in Figure 51, or by connecting resistors RCM between each input and the supply, as shown on Figure 54. To comply with the minimum specified input common-mode voltage of 0.3 V at VS = 3.3 V, set the minimum value of VP and VN to 0.3 V. Recognize that VP and VN are at their minimum values when VOP and VS are at their minimum (and therefore VON is at its maximum). 4. Let VP min = VN min = 0.3 V, VOCM = VCM = 1 V, VTH min = −VTH/2 VON max = VOCM + VOUT, dm/4 and VOP min = VOCM − VOUT, dm/4 Input Common-Mode Adjustment with DC Biased Source To drive a 1.8 V ADC with VCM = 1 V, a 3.3 V single supply minimizes the power dissipation of the ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2. The application circuit of Figure 50 on a 3.3 V single supply with a dc bias added to the source is shown in Figure 51. Substitute conditions into the nodal equation for VP and solve for VDC-TH. 0.3 = −1.124/2 + VDC-TH + 0.361 × (1 + 1.99/4 = 1.124/2 – VDC-TH) RF1 0.3 + 0.562 − 0.361 − 0.18 − 0.203 = 0.639 VDC-TH 301Ω VDC-TH = 0.186 V 3.3V RS RG1 VOCM RG2 50Ω 64.2Ω Or Substitute conditions into the nodal equation for VN and solve for VDC-TH. 142Ω ADA4930 RL VOUT, dm 1.990V p-p VN 0.3 = VDC-TH + 0.361 × (1 − 1.99/4 − VDC-TH) 142Ω 0.3 – 0.361 + 0.18 = 0.639 × VDC-TH RF2 VDC 09209-151 VS 2V p-p RT 64.2Ω 301Ω VDC-TH = 0.186 V Converting VDC-TH from its Thevenin equivalent results in 5. Figure 51. Single-Supply, Terminated Single-Ended-to-Differential System with G = 1 V DC = To determine the minimum required dc bias, the following steps must be taken: 1. RF1 301Ω 3.3V RG1 28.11Ω 142Ω VOCM RTH RG2 28.11Ω 142Ω RF1 ADA4930 301Ω 3.3V RL VOUT, dm 1.99V p-p VN RS VOP VS 2V p-p 50Ω RG1 RT 64.2Ω RF2 301Ω Figure 52. Thevenin Equivalent of Single-Supply Application Circuit VDC 0.33V 2. Write a nodal equation for VP or VN. V P = VTH + V DC −TH + 50Ω 301 (VON − VTH − VDC −TH ) 301 + 142 + 28.11 301 VOP 301 + 142 + 28.11 Recognize that while the ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 is in its linear operating region, VP and VN are equal. Therefore, both equations in Step 2 give equal results. Rev. A | Page 21 of 28 64.2Ω VP 142Ω VOCM RG2 VDC-TH V N = V DC −TH + × 0.186 = 0.33 V VON 09209-159 VTH 1.124V p-p VP RTH The final application circuit is shown in Figure 53. The additional dc bias of 0.33 V at the inputs ensures that the minimum input common-mode requirements are met when the source signal is bipolar with a 2 V p-p amplitude and VOCM is at 1 V. Convert the terminated inputs to their Thevenin equivalents, as shown in the Figure 52 circuit. RTH R S + RTH ADA4930 VN RL VOUT, dm 1.990V p-p 142Ω RF2 301Ω Figure 53. Single-Supply Application Circuit with DC Source Bias 09209-160 50Ω VP ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 Input Common-Mode Adjustment with Resistors Calculate the following: The circuit shown in Figure 54 shows an alternate method to bias the amplifier inputs, eliminating the dc source. 1. 2. 3. 4. 3.3V RF1 301Ω +VS VIN RS VSOURCE 2V p-p 50Ω RT RG1 301Ω VOCM ADA4930 RIN − SE RL VOUT, dm RG2 301Ω RF2 301Ω 09209-152 RCM VS 3.3V Figure 54. Single-Supply Biasing Scheme with Resistors Define β1 = RP/RF1 and β2 = RN/RF2, where RP = RG1||RCM||RF1 and RN = RG2||RCM||RF2. 6. 7. 8. 9. Set RF1 = RF2 = RF to maintain a balanced system, as shown. Write a nodal equation at VP and solve for VP. VP = β1β2 ⎛ RF 2R ⎜ VIN + 2VOCM + VS F β1 + β2 ⎜⎝ RG1 RCM +VS ⎞ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ RS RF1 301Ω VS 2V p-p 50Ω RG1 RT 65.1Ω 142Ω VOCM ADA4930 RL VOUT, dm RG2 Determine the minimum input voltage, VIN min at the output of the source. Recognize that once properly terminated, the source voltage is ½ of its open circuit value. Therefore, VIN min = −0.5 V. 170Ω –VS Rearrange the VP equation for RCM ⎛ β1 + β2 ⎞ RF ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ β1β2 VP min − R VIN min − 2VOCM ⎟ G1 ⎝ ⎠ RCM 1.87kΩ +VS Determine VP min. This is the minimum input common-mode voltage from the Specifications section. For a 3.3 V supply, VP min = 0.3 V. 1 1 = RCM 2VS RF ⎛ ⎞ ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ β1 + β2 ⎜ ⎟ ⎟=R G1 ⎜ β1 + β2 − RF1 β1β2 ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ RG1 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ RIN-SE = 399.35 Ω. RT, RTH, and VTH. RT = 57.16 Ω, RTH = 26.67 Ω, and VTH = 1.067 V. The new values for RG1 and RG2. RG2 = 160.55 Ω and RG1 = 133.88 Ω. The new values for β1 and β2. β1 = 0.284 and β2 = 0.317. The new value of RCM. RCM = 4759.63 Ω. Repeat Step 3 through Step 8 until the values of RG1 and RG2 remain constant between iterations. After four iterations, the final circuit is shown in Figure 55. 5. –VS ⎛ ⎜ 1 = RG1 ⎜ ⎜ 1 − VP ⎜ V INP ⎝ +VS RCM RF2 1.87kΩ 301Ω 09209-153 RCM VS β1 and β2. For the circuit shown in Figure 54, β1 = 0.5 and β2 = 0.5. RCM for VP min = 0.3 V and VIN min = −0.5 V. RCM = 9933 Ω. The new values for β1 and β2. β1 = 0.4925 and β2 = 0.4925. The input impedance using the following: Figure 55. Single-Supply, Single-Ended Input System with Bias Resistors Rev. A | Page 22 of 28 ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 LAYOUT, GROUNDING, AND BYPASSING The ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 are high speed devices. Realizing their superior performance requires attention to the details of high speed PCB design. Use radio frequency transmission lines to connect the driver and receiver to the amplifier. Minimize stray capacitance at the input/output pins by clearing the underlying ground and low impedance planes near these pins (see Figure 56). The first requirement is to use a multilayer PCB with solid ground and power planes that cover as much of the board area as possible. Bypass each power supply pin directly to a nearby ground plane, as close to the device as possible. Use 0.1 μF high frequency ceramic chip capacitors. If the driver/receiver is more than one-eighth of the wavelength from the amplifier, the signal trace widths should be minimal. This nontransmission line configuration requires the underlying and adjacent ground and low impedance planes to be cleared near the signal lines. Provide low frequency bulk bypassing, using 10 μF tantalum capacitors from each supply to ground. The exposed thermal paddle is internally connected to the ground pin of the amplifier. Solder the paddle to the low impedance ground plane on the PCB to ensure the specified electrical performance and to provide thermal relief. To reduce thermal impedance further, it is recommended that the ground planes on all layers under the paddle be connected together with vias. Stray transmission line capacitance in combination with package parasitics can potentially form a resonant circuit at high frequencies, resulting in excessive gain peaking or possible oscillation. Signal routing should be short and direct to avoid such parasitic effects. Provide symmetrical layout for complementary signals to maximize balanced performance. 1.30 0.80 09209-059 09209-058 1.30 0.80 Figure 56. ADA4930-1 Ground and Power Plane Voiding in the Vicinity of RF and RG Figure 57. Recommended PCB Thermal Attach Pad Dimensions (Millimeters) 1.3 mm 0.8 mm TOP METAL GROUND PLANE 09209-060 POWER PLANE BOTTOM METAL Figure 58. Cross-Section of 4-Layer PCB Showing Thermal Via Connection to Buried Ground Plane (Dimensions in Millimeters) Rev. A | Page 23 of 28 ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 HIGH PERFORMANCE ADC DRIVING The ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 provide excellent performance in 3.3 V single-supply applications. A third-order, 40 MHz, low-pass filter between the ADA4930-1 and the AD9255 reduces the noise bandwidth of the amplifier and isolates the driver outputs from the ADC inputs. The circuit shown in Figure 59 is an example of the ADA4930-1 driving an AD9255, 14-bit, 80 MSPS ADC that is specified to operate with a single 1.8 V supply. The performance of the ADC is optimized when it is driven differentially, making the best use of the signal swing available within the 1.8 V supply. The ADA4930-1 performs the single-ended-to-differential conversion, commonmode level shifting, and buffering of the driving signal. The circuit shown in Figure 60 is an example of ½ of an ADA4930-2 driving ½ of an AD9640, a 14-bit, 80 MSPS ADC that is specified to operate with a single 1.8 V supply. The performance of the ADC is optimized when it is driven differentially, making the best use of the signal swing available within the 1.8 V supply. The ADA4930-2 performs the singleended-to-differential conversion, common-mode level shifting, and buffering of the driving signal. The ADA4930-1 is configured for a single-ended input to differential output with a gain of 2 V/V. The 84.5 Ω termination resistor, in parallel with the single-ended input impedance of 95.1 Ω, provides a 50 Ω termination for the source. The additional 31.6 Ω (95 Ω total) at the inverting input balances the parallel impedance of the 50 Ω source and the termination resistor that drives the noninverting input. The ADA4930-2 is configured for a single-ended input to differential output with a gain of 2 V/V. The 88.5 Ω termination resistor, in parallel with the single-ended input impedance of 114.75 Ω, provides a 50 Ω termination for the source. The increased gain resistance at the inverting input balances the 50 Ω source resistance and the termination resistor that drives the noninverting input. The VOCM pin is connected to the VCM output of the AD9255 and sets the output common mode of the ADA4930-1 at 1 V. The VOCM pin is connected to the CML output of the AD9640 and sets the output common mode of the ADA4930-2 at 1 V. Note that a dc bias must be added to the signal source and its Thevenin equivalent to the gain resistor on the inverting side to ensure that the inputs of the ADA4930-1 are kept at or above the specified minimum input common-mode voltage at all times. The 739 Ω resistors between each input and the 3.3 V supply provide the necessary dc bias to guarantee compliance with the input common-mode range of the ADA4930-2. For a common-mode voltage of 1 V, each ADA4930-2 output swings between 0.501 V and 1.498 V, providing a 1.994 V p-p differential output. The 0.5 V dc bias at the signal source and the 0.314 V dc bias on the gain resistor at the inverting input set the inputs of the ADA4930-1 to ~0.48 V dc. With 1 V p-p maximum signal swing at the input, the ADA4930-1 inputs swing between 0.36 V and 0.6 V. A third-order, 40 MHz, low-pass filter between the ADA4930-2 and the AD9640 reduces the noise bandwidth of the amplifier and isolates the driver outputs from the ADC inputs. For a common-mode voltage of 1 V, each ADA4930-1 output swings between 0.501 V and 1.498 V, providing a 1.994 V p-p differential output. 301Ω 1.8V 3.3V 63.4Ω 50Ω VIN 1V p-p VOCM 84.5Ω 0.5V 33Ω + 168nH AVDD DRVDD VIN– ADA4930-1 30pF AD9255 90pF VIN+ 33Ω 95Ω AGND 168nH D11 TO D0 VCM 09209-157 0.314V 301Ω Figure 59. Driving an AD9255, 14-Bit, 80 MSPS ADC 3.3V 301Ω 1.8V 3.3V 88.5Ω VIN 1V p-p 739Ω 168nH + 64.2Ω VOCM ADA4930-2 30pF DRVDD AD9640 90pF VIN+ 96.2Ω 168nH 739Ω 3.3V AVDD VIN– 301Ω VOCM Figure 60. Driving an AD9640, 14-Bit, 80 MSPS ADC Rev. A | Page 24 of 28 AGND D11 TO D0 CML 09209-158 50Ω ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 3.00 BSC SQ 0.60 MAX 0.45 EXPOSED PAD 9 0.50 BSC 0.30 0.23 0.18 4 0.25 MIN FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF THE EXPOSED PAD, REFER TO THE PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS SECTION OF THIS DATA SHEET. 0.05 MAX 0.02 NOM SEATING PLANE 5 8 1.50 REF 0.80 MAX 0.65 TYP 12° MAX 1.00 0.85 0.80 *1.45 1.30 SQ 1.15 13 16 12 (BOTTOM VIEW) 1 2.75 BSC SQ TOP VIEW PIN 1 INDICATOR 0.20 REF 072208-A PIN 1 INDICATOR 0.50 0.40 0.30 *COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-220-VEED-2 EXCEPT FOR EXPOSED PAD DIMENSION. Figure 61. 16-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_VQ] 3 mm × 3 mm Body, Very Thin Quad (CP-16-2) Dimensions shown in millimeters 4.10 4.00 SQ 3.90 0.60 MAX 0.60 MAX PIN 1 INDICATOR 3.75 BSC SQ 24 19 0.50 BSC 13 0.90 0.85 0.80 12° MAX 0.70 MAX 0.65 TYP 0.30 0.23 0.18 SEATING PLANE 0.05 MAX 0.02 NOM COPLANARITY 0.05 0.20 REF PIN 1 INDICATOR 2.44 2.34 SQ 2.24 EXPOSED PAD (BOTTOM VIEW) 0.50 0.40 0.30 TOP VIEW 1 6 12 7 0.20 MIN 2.50 BCS FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF THE EXPOSED PAD, REFER TO THE PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS SECTION OF THIS DATA SHEET. 08-18-2010-A 18 COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-220-VGGD-8 Figure 62. 24-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_VQ] 4 mm × 4 mm Body, Very Thin Quad (CP-24-13) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model 1 ADA4930-1YCPZ-R2 ADA4930-1YCPZ-RL ADA4930-1YCPZ-R7 ADA4930-1YCP-EBZ ADA4930-2YCPZ-R2 ADA4930-2YCPZ-RL ADA4930-2YCPZ-R7 ADA4930-2YCP-EBZ 1 Temperature Range −40°C to +105°C −40°C to +105°C −40°C to +105°C −40°C to +105°C −40°C to +105°C −40°C to +105°C Package Description 16-Lead LFCSP_VQ 16-Lead LFCSP_VQ 16-Lead LFCSP_VQ Evaluation Board 24-Lead LFCSP_VQ 24-Lead LFCSP_VQ 24-Lead LFCSP_VQ Evaluation Board Z = RoHS Compliant Part. Rev. A | Page 25 of 28 Package Option CP-16-2 CP-16-2 CP-16-2 Ordering Quantity 250 5,000 1,500 CP-24-13 CP-24-13 CP-24-13 250 5,000 1,500 Branding H1G H1G H1G ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 NOTES Rev. A | Page 26 of 28 ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 NOTES Rev. A | Page 27 of 28 ADA4930-1/ADA4930-2 NOTES ©2010 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D09209-0-10/10(A) Rev. A | Page 28 of 28