Data Sheet No.PD60180-C IR3220S FULLY PROTECTED H-BRIDGE FOR D.C. MOTOR Features The IR3220S is a fully protected dual high side switch I.C that integrates an H–bridge motor controller with two very efficient high side MOSFETs in a single 20-pin package. The IR3220S combines with the two low side IRF7484Q MOSFETs as few as 10 external passive components to provide a complete, fully operational and fully protected H-bridge control actuator with forward, reverse, braking and non-braking modes without the need of a micro-controller. Functional Description The high side switches provide the direction capability and the Hbridge protection. The low side MOSFETs bring the flexibility by offering the high frequency switching ability. Therefore, crude start-up of the motor is avoided and replaced by a smooth and stress-less speed ramp-up. The IR3220S features shoot-through protection for each leg, Hbridge logic control, soft-start sequence and over-current / overtemperature shutdown protections. Two input signals (IN1 & IN2) select the operating modes while the PWM soft-start sequence cycles the corresponding active low side MOSFET in order to limit the motor in-rush current. The soft-start sequence is programmed by an RC time constant and reset itself automatically. Thanks to the inner PWM oscillator, the IR3220S can also be the final stage of an overall torque or speed loop. If needed, an external clock may force the H-bridge switching operation. This can be combined with low frequency PWM operation through the IN1(2) inputs. The IR3220S is a Co-pack IPS product offering very low Rds(on) and a high level of functionality and protection. Its open architecture and programmability helps the designer to optimize each motor drive upon the application requirements at a very low cost. For automotive actuators, the motor is kept shorted even during the low consumption sleep mode. Shoot-through protection, overtemperature & over-current shutdowns, self-adaptive dead-time and PWM circuitries are described in details in the AN 1032 Application Note. A general purpose method to help rating the soft-start sequence as well as layout and thermal considerations are also covered. Finally, a 6A DC motor actuator with a PCB size down to 1 Inch² is suggested in the document. www.irf.com Programmable PWM In-rush Current Limitation (e.g 18A) 6 A Continuous Current Capability without Heat Sink (2 x 13 mΩ) Over-Temperature (165 °C) and Over-Current (30A) Protections 20 kHz PWM Oscillator Embedded Low & High Frequency Switching Operation (self adaptive dead-time) Easy Speed / Torque Control (analog duty cycle input) Braking / Non-Braking Modes Sleep Mode (braking) for Automotive Actuator Packages 8-Lead SOIC IRF7484Q 20-Lead SOIC (wide body) 1 IR3220S Functional Block Diagram (see AN-1032 for a detailed description of each block) SS Vrc 0.5k Soft Start duty cycle 1k 5.5 V Ref. + S S reset - Oscillator 10 mA Gnd VCC VCC H Bridge logic control & status feedback IN 1 40 V Active Clamp IN 2 40 V Active Clamp DG Shoot-through protection G1 50 Over current shutdown Over current shutdown Over temp. protection Low Side Driver Shoot-through protection 50 Low Side Driver M1 M2 G2 Gnd Thanks to the self-adaptive dead-time circuitry, the low side MOSFET of each leg is driven in the opposite phase of the high side one without any conflict. Thus, the single IN1 signal turns on the leg M1 (and IN2, the output M2). Consequently, when both IN1 and IN2 are low, the quiescent state of the H-bridge is the Braking Mode (the two low side MOSFETs on). The over-temperature circuitry and the two over-current protections (one per leg) protect the IC and flag the DG pin. The thermal shutdown also covers the body diode overheating. Fault conditions are reset by cycling the corresponding IN1(2) input. Each leg appears independent so that the PWM soft-start management is greatly simplified and makes the 20kHz oscillator block almost a separate function. The positive input of the PWM comparator is accessible on the SS pin. An external analog voltage or a RC network can either drive the duty cycle. It has to be said that a clock signal (< 20 kHz) applied on this input will directly drive the low side MOSFETs. A 5V voltage source is embedded in the I.C ( switched off while in the sleep mode ) so that no additional power supply is needed for the soft-start RC time constant. Its capacitor is discharged through the ‘’ SS reset ‘’ circuitry every time IN1 equals IN2. Thus, the soft-start sequence is ready to operate whichever the formerly braking mode was. 2 WWW.IRF.COM IR3220S Soft-Start Sequence IN1 (IN2) SS t Vss+ Vss- t M1-M2 Duty cycle modulation follows SS voltage (M2-M1) t Tss ( approximately 1.4 x RC time constant ) Trd Truth Table IN1 IN2 L L L H L H H L H L H H MODES Stand-by with braking - sleep mode** Forward rotation (normal operation) Forward rotation (protection triggered) Reverse rotation (normal operation) Reverse rotation (protection triggered) Stand-by without braking DG H H L H L H * During Soft-start sequence, the low side part is switching. HS1 OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF LSS1 ON ON* ON* OFF OFF OFF HS2 OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF LSS2 ON OFF OFF ON* ON* OFF SS reset ON OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ** Protections are reset in this mode The IR 3220S over-current is set at 30A which is low enough to protect the whole application. The soft-start RC time constant has to be designed in order to keep the maximum in-rush current below the I shutdown (application worst case - see AN 1032 ). The total switching sequence is about 1.4 times the RC time constant. A smoother start-up is even achievable by slightly increasing the RC values. However, the soft-start sequence should remain short enough not to trip the over-temperature protection (Tj while free-wheeling). The truth table shows that the soft-start sequence can be interrupted at any time. But a minimum time is needed prior to any change in the direction or re-start of a new SS sequence. Actually, the capacitor of the RC network has to be discharged and the motor fully stopped first otherwise the over-current protection might trip during the next turn-on. The protections turn off the high side MOSFETs so that no braking sequence follows the fault detection. Both IN1 and IN2 have to go low for a minimum time in order to reset the fault circuitry. When both inputs are back to the low level, the H-bridge is in the braking mode and the motor shorted. In this mode, no protection is activated and the peak current due to the braking is not monitored. After 300 ms, the I.C sleep mode is activated and the consumption is reduced down to few micro-amps. The low side gate drivers keep the gates high so the motor remains shorted. When using end switches, the I.C goes into the low consumption mode as soon as the mechanical stop are reached. When interfacing such switches directly to the IR 3220S, de-bouncing RC networks have to be implemented on the input pins in order to prevent false over-current detection. WWW.IRF.COM 3 IR3220S Typical Connection + Bat. +5V VCC 10 k Gnd Vrc IR 3220S SS IN 1 LS gate 1 DG M2 M1 LS gate 2 Diagnostic Feedback IN 2 1k 1k R Clockwise motion 10 k D D G G SO 8 Mosfet S S 10 k Counter clockwise motion SO 8 Mosfet C Deboucing RC networks ( e.g 10 nF ) Electrical stop M icro Controller Electrical stop 0V IN1 t IN2 t SS t M1 Soft-Start sequence t M2 Motor Current t Braking Mode (M1 & M2 grounded) Stand-by Mode (M1 & M2 opened) t IN1(2) & M1(2) Timing Diagrams 4 WWW.IRF.COM IR3220S The PWM generator is based on a 3V saw-tooth oscillator. The soft-start sequence takes advantage of the RC charge profile in order to perform a smooth duty cycle variation. When the SS pin is below 1.2V, no PWM signal is sent to the low side MOSFETs. When it exceeds 4.2V, they are permanently ON. By designing the proper RC network, the start-up can either be very slow without any in-rush current or, fast and efficient by shortening the PWM sequence. In addition to the quiescent braking mode, the IR 3220S is able to open the four MOSFETs simultaneously if the mechanical load requires its natural slow-down (stand-by mode without braking). The four modes and their corresponding DC motor current profiles are summarized in the Timing Diagram. Over-load protection is achieved thanks to the I.C temperature shutdown protection. By using the recommended part number and the proper cooling, the whole H-bridge is protected by the IR 3220S’s inner overtemperature circuitry (see AN 1032). A micro-controller is able to directly drive the PWM duty cycle by forcing a 0 to 5V voltage on the SS pin (e.g. through a 10K resistor). Thus, closing a speed or torque control loop for advanced applications becomes very easy. Since the low side MOSFETs are the only ones switching, the IR 3220S body diodes offer the freewheeling path to the motor. The power dissipated in each body diode while switching may appear high enough to trip the over-temperature protection. For permanent switching operation, external Schottky diodes should be implemented between each output (M1 & M2) and the VCC pin. Permanent Switching Operation (without external RC time constant) +5V Additional Schottky diodes have to be implemented if the I.C temperature appears too high. A over-voltage protection may be needed depending on the power supply wire length Vcc Micro Diagnostic Controller Direction & Braking Gnd +Bat Additional Schottky diodes Dg In1 In2 ss Over-voltage protection IR 3220 S DC Motor Speed IRF 7484 IRF 7484 Star Connection 0V -Bat Copper plates added to the footprints will improve the cooling. However, the low side MOSFETs should always remain colder and thermally independent from the IR 3220S. The power path has to be designed carefully and shall include both a decoupling capacitor (e.g. 100 nF ceramic) and a reservoir capacitor (e.g. Cres ( uF). = I pk soft-start (A) x 25). The window-lifter is a good example where the IR 3220S’s PWM ability greatly enhances the application. The current is monitored thanks to a shunt and sent back to the micro-controller which takes over the torque control loop (anti-pinch function). WWW.IRF.COM 5 IR3220S In addition, the soft-start sequence provides a smooth motion of the window. Torque or speed controls are also achievable without any micro-controller. With a few additional components, the IR 3220S can be the ‘’power stage‘’ of an overall analog control loop. The SS pin is then used as the PWM duty cycle input (continuous switching operation requires high cooling capability) When an obstacle is encountered, the uP controls the torque thanks to the SS pin. +Bat Dg In1 In2 IR 3220 ss µP IRF 7484 IRF 7484 Shunt -Bat For actuators, the PWM Soft Start sequence helps reduce the speed before reaching the end switches. Therefore, the braking time is very short and the actuator final position is then accurate and repeatable as shown hereunder. Mechanical stops under torque control are also possible by controlling the motor current through the PWM duty cycle. speed braking braking Rev Fwd Soft-Start ( PWM ) + Vcc DG Vcc Vcc Vcc Vcc DG motion Vrc R1 IR 3220 M2 M2 M2 Gnd IN 2 IN 1 G2 Low Speed ( PWM ) SS G1 M1 M1 M1 Fwd Rev 1000 uF C 100 nF DDDD G IRF7484 S S S R2 DDDD G IRF7484 S S S GND Fwd Rev 6 WWW.IRF.COM IR3220S Absolute Maximum Ratings Absolute maximum ratings indicate sustained limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. All voltage parameters are referenced to Gnd lead. (TAmbient = 25oC unless otherwise specified). Symbols with (2) refer to M2 output. Symbol Parameter Min. Vm1 (2) Vin1 (2) Maximum M1 (M2) voltage (active clamp) Maximum IN 1 (IN 2) voltage Vcc-37 Vcc+0.3 -0.3 5.5 Vcc/gnd I in1 (2) Vg1 (2) Vss Vrc Irc Vdg Idg Isd cont. Isd pulsed ESD 1 ESD 2 PD TJ max. TL Vcc/gnd max. Maximum Vcc pin to GND pin voltage Maximum IN1 (IN 2) current Maximum Gate 1 ( Gate 2 ) voltage Maximum SS voltage Maximum Vrc voltage Maximum output current of the Vrc pin Maximum diagnostic output voltage Maximum diagnostic output current Diode max. permanent current (Rth=80°C/W) (1) (Rth=60°C/W) (1) Diode max. pulsed current (1) Electrostatic discharge ( human body model C=100pF, R=1500Ω) Electrostatic discharge ( machine model C=200pF, R=0Ω, L=10µH) Maximum power dissipation ( Rth = 80°C/W ) Max. storage & operating junction temperature Lead temperature ( soldering 10 seconds ) Maximum Vcc to GND voltage (0.4 s - single pulse) Ig1 (2) max. Ig1 (2) avg. Maximum transient gate current (Ton < 5µS) Maximum average gate current -0.3 -1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 — -0.3 -1 — — — — — — -40 — — — — Max. 45 10 7.5 5.5 5.5 1 5.5 10 2.0 3.0 15 4 0.5 1.5 +150 300 60 Units V mA V mA V mA A kV W °C V 100 10 mA Typ. Max. Units — — °C/W (1) Limited by junction temperature. Thermal Characteristics Symbol Parameter Rth 1 Junction to ambient thermal resistance (std footprint) 80 Rth 2 Junction to ambient thermal resistance (1" sq. footprint) 60 WWW.IRF.COM 7 IR3220S Recommended Operating Conditions These values are given for a quick design. For operation outside these conditions, please consult the application notes. Symbol Parameter Min. Max. Units Vcc Vin1 (2) Vin1 (2) 8 4 -0.3 28 5.5 0.9 V A Iout Ta=85°C Continuous Vcc voltage (2) High level IN 1 (IN 2) input voltage Low level IN 1 (IN 2) input voltage Continuous output current (Std footprint - Tj = 150°C) Iout Ta=105°C Continuous output current (Std footprint - Tj = 150°C) — — 6.0 5.0 R in R dg R C R gate Lm min. Recommended resistor in series with IN pin Recommended pull-up resistor on DG pin Soft-Start resistor Soft-Start capacitor Recommended gate resistor for Low Side Switch Minimum motor inductance required 0.5 10 20 0.1 0 10 5 20 200 3.3 50 — kΩ µF Ω µH Static Electrical Characteristics (Tj = 25oC, Vcc = 14V unless otherwise specified.) Symbol Rds1 on Rds2 on Vcc oper. Vclamp1 (2) Vf1 (2) IM1 (2) leakage Icc off Icc on Vdgl Idg leakage Vih1 (2) th. Vil1 (2) th. Iin1 (2) Vccuv+ VccuvVss+ VssIss leakage Vrc IN1(2) hys 8 Parameter Min. Typ. 25oC ON state resistance Tj = ON state resistance Tj = 150oC Functional voltage range Vcc to M1 (M2) clamp voltage Body diode 1 (2) forward voltage M1 (M2) output leakage current Supply current when off (sleep mode) Supply current when on Low level diagnostic output voltage Diagnostic output leakage current IN1 (IN2) high threshold voltage IN1 (IN2) low threshold voltage ON state IN1 (IN2) positive current Vcc UVLO positive going threshold Vcc UVLO negative going threshold SS high level threshold SS low level threshold SS pin leakage current Typical voltage of the Vrc pin IN1 (2) input hysteresis — — 5.5 37 — — — — — — — 1.0 — — — — 0.8 — — 0.2 11 18 — 40 0.9 10 10 8 0.4 — 2.6 2.0 30 5 4 4.2 1.2 0.1 5.3 0.7 Max. Units Test Conditions 13 22 35 48 — 50 50 12 — 10 3.4 — 80 — — 4.8 — 10 — 1.5 mΩ Vin1,2 = 5V,1m1,2 = 5A V Id =10mA see Figs.1,2 Id = 5A, Vin1,2 = 0V µA Vm1, 2 = 0V; Tj = 25°C Vin1(2) = 0V, Vcc=12V Vin1 = 5V Idg = 1.0mA Vdg = 4.5V mA V µA V µA Vin1, 2 = 5V V µA V Vss = 5V Irc = 0.25mA Iin = 1mA WWW.IRF.COM IR3220S Switching Electrical Characteristics Vcc = 14V, Resistive Load = 3.0Ω, Tj = 25oC, (unless otherwise specified). Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Tdon Tr1 Tr2 Turn-on delay time Rise time to Vout = Vcc -5V Rise time from the end of Tr1 to Vout = 90% of Vcc dV/dt (on) Turn ON dV/dt Tdoff Turn-off delay time Tf Fall time to Vout = 10% of Vcc dV/dt (off) Turn OFF dV/dt IN1 (2) max. freq. Max. frequency on IN1 (IN2) — — 55 3 100 30 — — — — — — 40 3 30 16 2 500 200 — 80 50 — — V/µs Hz 15 50 — — 200 1.1 22 80 8.0 7 350 2.3 30 — — — 550 3.3 kHz mA ms V µs V Test Conditions µs see figure 3 V/µs µs see figure 4 dt=0.5 none braking mode(2) Soft-Start freq. Ig1 (2) min. Trd Vg1 Tin1 (2) Vst Soft-Start oscillator frequency Min. Gate 1 (Gate 2) current Min. IN1 (2) OFF time to reset SS Gate 1 (gate 2) voltage Minimum IN1 (2) ON state for operation Shoot-through protection threshold low side driver C=3.3µF, IN1 = IN2 See AN-1032 Protection Characteristics Symbol Parameter Tsd Isd Treset Over-temperature threshold Over-current threshold Reset time Min. Typ. — 24 — 165 30 100 Max. Units Test Conditions — 38 — oC A µS See figure 2 See figure 2 IN1 = IN2 = 0V Note 1: The low side switches present sufficient cooling capability in order to have the whole H Bridge function protected by the IR3220S inner temperature sensor. Note 2: Switching in the none braking mode consists in cycling one of the inputs while the other one is held at the high logic level. WWW.IRF.COM 9 IR3220S Lead Definitions Vcc M1 M2 G1 G2 Gnd Positive power supply Motor 1 output ( high side source - leg 1 ) Motor 2 output ( high side source - leg 2 ) Gate 1 drive output ( low side gate - leg 1 ) Gate 2 drive output ( low side gate - leg 2 ) Power supply return IN1 IN2 Dg Vrc SS Logic input 1 ( Leg 1 Cdt. / mode ) Logic input 2 ( Leg 2 Cdt. / mode ) Diagnostic output ( open drain ) Voltage ref. output ( soft-start RC ) RC soft-start input ( the voltage on this input drives the switching duty cycle ) Lead Assignments Vcc Vcc m 1 m1 m 1 nc g1 G nd In1Vrc D D DD S S S G Vcc Vcc m 2 m2 m 2 nc g2 In2 D g SS 20 Lead - SOIC (wide body) 8 Lead - SOIC IR3220S IRF7484Q Part Number 10 WWW.IRF.COM IR3220S T clamp 5V IN1 (2) 0 V t < T reset IN1 (2) I M1(2) I M1(2) ( + Vcc ) Tj Tsd t > T reset I shutdown T shutdown M1(2) 0V 5V DG V clamp 0V ( see IPS Appl . Notes to evaluate power dissipation ) Figure 2 - Protection Timing diagram Figure 1 - Active clamp waveforms IN 1(2) IN1(2) Vcc 90% 90% Vcc - 5 V M1 (2) M1(2) dV/dt on dV/dt off 10% 10% Td on Td off Tr 1 Figure 3 - Switching Time Definitions (turn-on) WWW.IRF.COM Tf Tr 2 Figure 4 - Switching Time Definitions (turn-off) 11 IR3220S 5 50 ----- IN1h(2) -- -- IN1l(2) - - - -IN1(2) hysteresis 4 40 3 30 2 20 1 10 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 0 -50 -25 Figure 5 - IN1 (2) thresholds (V) vs Tj (oC) 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 50 75 100 125 150 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 Figure 7 - Iccoff (µA) vs Tj (oC) 12 25 Figure 6 - IN1 (2) current (µA) vs Tj (oC) 50 0 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 Figure 8 - Typ. I shutdown (A) vs Tj (oC) WWW.IRF.COM IR3220S 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 20 V f @ 25°C V f @ 150°C 15 10 5 0 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 0 1,2 Figure 9 - Body diode : Ids (A) vs Vds (V) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Figure 10 - Rds(on) (mΩ) vs Vcc (V) 15 30 - - - 1’’ square footprint ------- standard footprint 12,5 20 10 7,5 10 5 2,5 0 -50 0 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Figure 11 - Rdson (mΩ) vs Tj (oC) WWW.IRF.COM 125 150 -50 0 50 100 150 200 Figure 12 - Max. Cont. current (A) vs Amb. Temp. (oC) 13 IR3220S 100 1000 10 1 100 0,1 rth std footprint 0,01 10 1,E-06 Figure 13 - Transient Rth (oC/W) vs Time (S) 1,E-05 1,E-04 1,E-03 1,E-02 1,E-01 1,E+00 1,E+01 1,E+02 Figure 14 - Isd (A) vs Time (s) Case Outline - 8 Lead SOIC (MS-012AA) 01-0021 09 14 WWW.IRF.COM IR3220S Case Outline 20 Lead SOIC (wide body) (MS-013AC) 01-3080 00 IR WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 233 Kansas St., El Segundo, California 90245 Tel: (310) 252-7105 Data and specifications subject to change without notice. 9/18/2003 WWW.IRF.COM 15