IMS2011 in Baltimore: A Perfect Match Advanced Terahertz Device Characterization Keith Anderson Agilent Technologies © Copyright 2011 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Agenda • Background • Measurements • Conclusion Page 2 THz Applications • Radio Astronomy • Atmospheric Studies • Chemical / Molecular Spectroscopy • Plasma / Accelerator Diagnostics • Biological Imaging • Materials Characterization • General Test and Measurement Page 3 Devices => Measurements THz Devices • • • • • • Page 4 Passives Amplifiers Mixers Semiconductors Antennas Materials Measurements • • • • • • • S-Parameters Differential Power Gain compression Pulsed Material parameters Time domain Measurements => Features Features THz Measurements • • • • • • • Page 5 S-Parameters Differential Power Gain compression Pulsed Material parameters Time domain • • • • • • • • • • • Calibrate: S-P & Power Bias Tees Differential Source Remote Modules Wide dynamic range Probing Measure & level power Measure & drive pulse Measure mixers Measure multi-ports Measure multi-bands Test System • • • • • • • • PNA-X millimeter system 50GHz ~ 1THz 2-port & 4-port Power leveling Bias Tees Differential Pulse Mixer Page 6 Agenda • Background • Measurements • Conclusion Page 7 Compression - Setup Page 8 Compression - Measurement • Calibrate • S-Parameters • Source Power • Receiver power • Stimulus • Sweep power • Measure • S-Parameters • Power • Compression Page 9 S-Parameters vs. Freq Power & Compression vs. Power in Mixer - Setup IF Output 1 GHz RF Input 77 – 81 GHz Page 10 Fundamental Mixer LO Input 78 - 82 GHz Mixer - Measurement • Calibrate • S-Parameters • Source Power • Receiver power • Stimulus • Sweep frequency • Sweep LO power • Measure • Match • Power • Conversion Loss Input Power vs. Freq Input Match vs. Freq Conversion Loss vs. Freq Conversion Loss vs. LO power Page 11 Differential - Setup Page 12 Differential - Measurement Page 13 -21 -20.25 -19.5 -18.75 19 18.5 18 17.5 17 16.5 16 15.5 15 14.5 14 13.5 13 12.5 12 11.5 11 -17.25 -16.5 -15.75 -15 -14.25 -13.5 -12.75 -12 -11.25 Phase Offset (degree) Gain (dB) -18 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 • Calibrate • S-Parameters • Source Power • Receiver power • Stimulus • Differential drive • Sweep freq/amp/phase • Measure • S-parameters • Imbalance • Sensitivity Pulse - Setup Page 14 Pulse - Measurement • Calibrate • S-Parameters • Source Power • Receiver power • Stimulus • RF Pulse • Sweep frequency • Sweep power • Measure • S-Parameters • Absolute power • Pulse waveform Page 15 100us pulse power waveform at 98GHz Antenna - Setup PNA-X N5261A Page 16 Antenna - Measurement • Calibrate • 1-port S-parameters • Transmission • Stimulus • Sweep antenna position • Sweep frequency • Measure • Antenna match • Antenna pattern Page 17 Materials - Setup Free space W-band system Quasi-optical W-band system Page 18 Materials - Measurement • Calibrate • 2-port S-parameters • Stimulus • Sweep frequency • Measure • Permittivity • Permeability • Sheet resistance • Reflectivity Page 19 Probe - Setup Page 20 Probe - Measurement • Calibrate • S-Parameters • Power (@ probe tip) • Stimulus • Sweep frequency & power • Pulse • Measure • S-Parameters & Power • Compression • Mixer conversion loss • Pulse Page 21 Agenda • Background • Measurements • Conclusion Page 22 Conclusion • THz measurements are the "next frontier" • Network analyzers measure – Mixers, Antennas, Materials – Pulsed, Differential, Probed – S-parameters, Power, Compression • Provide calibrated S-parameters and power Page 23