Contents Features Contents Features ...................................... 1 Captures "instantaneous image" of high-speed phenomena Configurations ............................. 2 High-speed gated image intensifier units (hereafter gated I.I. units) are able to capture an "instantaneous image" of high-speed phenomena occurring within extremely short time durations by means of "gate operation (shutter operation)". Gate operation is basically the same function as a camera shutter, but gated I.I. units perform this operation electronically in a minimum gate time of 1/300 000 000th of a second. Another feature is that background light and excitation light outside the measurement time can be eliminated by synchronizing the gate operation with a laser pulse or other signal. Principle ...................................... 3 Hint to selecting products ........... 4 Specifications .............................. 7 Dimensions.................................. 8 Observes faint low level light ! Readout methods ........................ 11 Gated I.I. units have an internal image enhancement function that allows visualizing low-level light images invisible to the human eye. As the gate time becomes faster, less light is available so this image enhancement function is essential for gate operation. Image enhancement is achieved by the built-in MCP (microchannel plate) which is available in 1-stage and 2-stage types to meet application needs. Readout device selection guide ..... 11 Related products ......................... 14 Views images in the UV or infrared regions Application note .......................... 18 Image intensifiers used in gated I.I. units cover a wide spectral range to allow imaging at desired wavelengths over a broad range from the UV to infrared. Gated I.I. unit features Image intensifier spectral response characteristics 103 TAPPB0094EB QE = 50 % GaAsP CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W) ●Allows using your camera and lenses without adapters (See next page for details.) ⇒ Upgrades your present camera system to a high-sensitivity, highspeed shutter camera. ⇒ Attaches to other camera systems ⇒ Wide selection of relay lenses for readout cameras (See pages 10 to 13.) ●Wide selection variation of built-in image intensifiers (I.I.) QE = 25 % ENHANCED RED GaAsP QE = 10 % 102 GaAs InGaAs 101 QE = 1 % Cs-Te QE = 0.1 % 100 MULTIALKALI 10-1 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 WAVELENGTH (nm) Applications ● Engine combustion state analysis ● Monitoring of kinetic changes in plasma emissions ● Imaging of turbine blades ● Imaging of exploding events 1 ● Imaging of gaseous and liquid bodies moving at high speed ● Imaging of objects moving at high speed ● Imaging of fluorescence lifetime ● Low-light-level bioluminescence/ chemiluminescence imaging 1100 Configurations 1. Connecting to a high-speed camera (F-mount input) HIGH-SPEED CAMERA OBJECTIVE LENS WITH F-MOUNT OBJECTIVE LENS WITH F-MOUNT HIGH-SPEED CAMERA 1: 1 RELAY LENS A4539 IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNIT Imaging Examples: Observation of micro-discharge IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNIT 1: 1 RELAY LENS A4539 GATED I.I. UNIT C10880-03F (F-MOUNT INPUT TYPE) (See page 21) Discharge phenomenon changing over time can be observed. 2. Connecting to an ordinary CCD camera OBJECTIVE LENS WITH C-MOUNT OBJECTIVE LENS WITH C-MOUNT CCD CAMERA (EX.: 1/2 INCH) RELAY LENS ADAPTER A9017 2: 1 RELAY LENS A2098 CCD CAMERA (EX.: 1/2 INCH) IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNIT RELAY LENS ADAPTER A9017 2: 1 RELAY LENS A2098 Imaging Examples: Observation of pulsed light propagation through optical fiber (See page 18) IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNIT GATED I.I. UNIT Laser pulse light movements can be observed within the gate time. Experimental setup of optical fiber Gate time: 3 ns Wavelength: 550 nm Pulse width: 50 ps 3. Connecting to a microscope MICROSCOPE MICROSCOPE ATTACHMENT FOR MICROSCOPE RELAY LENS ADAPTER A9017 2: 1 RELAY LENS A2098 CCD CAMERA (1/2 INCH) IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNIT RELAY LENS ADAPTER A9017 IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNIT 2: 1 RELAY LENS A2098 GATED I.I. UNIT CCD CAMERA (EX.: 1/2 INCH) Imaging examples: Observation of nuclear fission in filamentous fungi (See page 19) Laser pulse light movements can be observed within the gate time. Just after start of measurement 30 minutes after start 120 minutes after start of measurement of measurement 2 Principle Internal structure HIGH-SPEED GATED IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNIT (all in one type) HIGH-SPEED GATED IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNIT FOR HIGH-SPEED CAMERA A proximity focused image intensifier, high-voltage power supply and gate driver circuit are integrated into a compact unit. A CCD camera with an FOP window, a CCD camera, a high-speed camera, or a similar device may be selected as the camera. This is a gated image intensifier unit that contains a proximity focused image intensifier and an inverter type image intensifier which are optically connected to output images with high brightness. This unit is therefore recommended for use with a high-speed camera for reading out images at a high frame rate. PROXIMITY FOCUSED IMAGE INTENSIFIER PROXIMITY FOCUSED IMAGE INTENSIFIER INCIDENT LIGHT INVERTER TYPE IMAGE INTENSIFIER (IMAGE BOOSTER WITHOUT MCP) INCIDENT LIGHT OUTPUT LIGHT C-MOUNT GATE CONTROL CIRCUIT/ HIGH-SPEED GATE DRIVE CIRCUIT LOW-VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT C-MOUNT or F-MOUNT HIGH-VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY/CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR IMAGE INTENSIFIER OUTPUT LIGHT GATE CONTROL CIRCUIT/ HIGH-SPEED GATE DRIVE CIRCUIT LOW-VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT HIGH-VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY/CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR IMAGE INTENSIFIER TAPPC0129EB TII C0071EB Proximity focused image intensifier A proximity focused image intensifier is an image device that is capable of enhancing a low-light-level image from several thousands to several millions of times. The optical image input to the image intensifier is converted to photoelectrons at the photocathode. The photoelectrons are drawn by an electrical field and enter a microchannel plate (MCP) where they repeatedly impinge on the inner wall more than ten times. Each time an electron impinge on the wall, secondary electrons are released, so that the total number of electrons is multiplied several thousands of times. The electrons then strike the phosphor screen and are converted back into an optical image. With a 2-stage MCP type, optical images can be enhanced several millions of times. PHOTOCATHODE (PHOTONS ELECTRONS) OUTPUT ELECTRONS PRIMARY ELECTRON MCP(ELECTRON MULTIPLICATION: 1000 to 10000 TIMES) PHOSPHOR SCREEN (ELECTRONS PHOTONS) LIGHT INTENSIFIED LIGHT MCP LOW-LEVEL LIGHT IMAGE INTENSIFIED LIGHT IMAGE INPUT WINDOW OUTPUT WINDOW: FIBER OPTIC PLATE ELECTRONS VACUUM TII C0051ED Proximity focused image intensifier structure Gate operation The light incident on the photocathode is converted to photoelectrons which are guided to the phosphor screen by an electric potential gradient. Gating is done by instantly changing the electric potential of the electrodes in the image intensifier. Gating operation (Proximity focused image intensifier) Gate ON 0 ELECTRONS PHOTOELECTRONS PHOTOCATHODE MCP GATE ON -200 V 0V PULSE LIGHT C This is done by changing the electric potential between the photocathode and the MCP. PULSE GENERATOR R VB ● If the MCP potential is higher than the photocathode potential: Gate is ON 3 VMCP VS ex.: VB= +30 V VG= –230 V TII C0047EA Gate OFF PHOTOELECTRONS PHOTOCATHODE MCP PHOSPHOR SCREEN +30 V LIGHT ● If the MCP potential is lower than the photocathode potential: Gate is OFF The photoelectron converted by the photocathode are not reached to the MCP due to the reverse potential for electron transit direction. The , optical image can t be seen at this operating status. LIGHT VG Gating with the proximity focused image intensifier The photoelectron image converted by the photocathode is pulled to the MCP at a high electric potential. After multiplication in the MCP, the electron image is than guided to the output phosphor screen where it is output as an optical image. PHOSPHOR SCREEN 0V C PULSE GENERATOR R VB VMCP VS TII C0048EB Hints to selecting products Use the following guidelines to select a high-speed gated image intensifier unit having features and specifications ideal for your measurements. The six items listed below are very important for selecting the right product. Select the product you need by using a combination of these six items. Description Selection Method Photocathode sensitivity The higher the quantum efficiency (conversion efficiency from input light into photoelectrons), the smaller the flicker that appears in the obtained image. It is important to select the photocathode with spectral response that matches the emission wavelengths to be measured. What is the spectral range to be detected. -UV to near IR range Use a multialkali photocathode. -Near IR range Use a GaAs photocathode. -Visible range Use a GaAsP photocathode ●Single molecule fluorescence imaging .... 2-MCP type Stage of MCPs This is the factor which determines the image intensification level and the resulting detection limit. With ordinary CCD cameras, the limit for imaging is around 0.1 lux. The intensifier unit may have either a 1-stage or a 2-stage MCP. With the 1-stage MCP type, the image is enhanced around 10,000 times, enabling images to be captured at low-light-levels of 1 × 10-5 lux. With the 2stage MCP type, images are enhanced approximately one million times, and can be captured at even lower light levels of 1 × 10-7 lux. The 2-stage MCP type offers sensitivity that enables detection at single-photon level. The light levels noted above are for a gate time of 1 second. The relative quantity of light decreases as the gate time shortens, so it is necessary to increase the quantity of incident light. Item Image Intensifier (I.I.) Gate When monitoring candlelight: ●Gate time: less than 1 µs ..... 2-MCP type more than 5 µs ... 1-MCP type The above numeric values are general guides, and are affected by conditions such as the light level, gate time, image intensification (gain), lens, imaging device, and other factors. Please consult Hamamatsu regarding details. Effective output size This is the factor which determines the resolution. The size of the effective input surface is determined by the desired resolution* of the output image and the size of the incident image. The image resolution degrades as the quantity of incident light decreases. Select the effective area of I.I. unit by considering the effective size of readout camera and magnification ratio of a relay lens or a tapered FOP. Select the disired gate time according to the time period during which images are to be captured. Gate time This is the time required to capture one image. “Instantaneous images” of phenomena occurring within this gate time can be captured. If the gate time is shortened, images with little movement can still be captured, but there is less light, so that a darker image results. (A unit with a gate time appropriate for the measurement target should be selected.) This is the number of gate operations in 1 second. This also Gate repetition depends on the repetition frequency of the object being measfrequency ured and the number of frames of the camera being used. Select the disired gate time according to the time period during which images are to be captured. This is the factor determining whether or not an image booster is required. As the camera frame rate is increased, the output light level only from the proximity focused image intensifier becomes too low to acquire images with enough brightness. An image booster is required in this case to obtain a higher output light level. Camera frame rate · 1000 frames/second or more: A booster is required. Select the C10880 series. · 300 to 1000 frames/second: Use of a booster and the C10880 series is recommended. Frame rate of readout camera To improve the resolution The resolution of a gated I.I. unit depends on the surface area of the output phosphor screen, because the minimum luminous spot size on the phosphor screen is limited to 20 µm to 50 µm. When resolution is the highest priority, we recommend using a 25 mm diameter type and connecting it to a high-resolution camera. This means that higher resolution can be obtained by using a larger phosphor screen and focusing the image onto the imaging device through an optical lens with a high reduction ratio. 4 This selection guide shows high-speed gated image intensifier units grouped by intended purpose. Use this selection guide to find the best unit for your application. High-speed gate needed? NO * ty) i v i sit e) n d e o h s ath g i c h to e( o g Ph an r P le As sib a i V (G (GaAs Photocathode) High-speed gate needed? YES NO (Slower than 2 kHz) YES YES NO (Slower than 2 kHz) YES 1-stage C9016-21 MCP 2-stage C9016-22 MCP Enhanced photocathode sensitivity allows capturing highquality images with minimum flicker. GaAsP photocathode is recommended for the visible range, and GaAs photocathode for the near infrared range. 1-stage C9016-01 MCP 2-stage C9016-02 MCP NO (Faster than 10 µs) High gate repetition frequency needed? Visible to near IR range Measurement wavelengths? High gate repetition frequency needed? Wide spectral response, High quantum efficiency (QE) 1-stage MCP 2-stage MCP C9546-05, C9547-05 C9548-05 (200 kHz compliant) C9546-06, C9547-06 C9548-06 (200 kHz compliant) 1-stage C9016-25 MCP 2-stage C9016-26 MCP 103 TAPPB0064EA GaAsP PHOTOCATHODE GaAs PHOTOCATHODE MULTIALKALI PHOTOCATHODE 102 101 100 CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY QUANTUM EFFICIENCY 10-1 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 WAVELENGTH (nm) Imaging of repetitive events Short-time imaging (High-speed gate) This type allows gate operation at a maximum speed of 30 000 or 40 000 or 200 000 times per second. High-repetition gating can be used to match high-speed cameras, enabling improved time resolution for the measurement. Also, numerous integrations are possible in the same frame. This enables rapid measurement of samples which are vulnerable to deterioration. When changes in the event are occurring at an extremely fast rate, images can be captured in very short time units. This makes it possible to analyze high-speed phenomena in greater detail. 3 ns, 5 ns IMAGE TIME 1-stage C9016-05 MCP 2-stage C9016-06 MCP NO (Faster than 10 µs) ●Spectral Response IMAGE UV EMISSION EVENT ●2000 TIMES/s (2 kHz) ●200 000 TIMES/s (200 kHz) LOW EMISSION LEVEL HIGH C10880-03C/F * Use of the C10880 series is recommended even if camera frame rate 300 to 1000 frames / second. C9546-01, C9547-01 C9548-01 (200 kHz compliant) C9546-02, C9547-02 C9548-02 (200 kHz compliant) CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W) QUANTUM EFFICIENCY (%) Is camera YES frame rate 1000 frames / second or more ? 1-stage MCP 2-stage MCP LOW EMISSION LEVEL HIGH Hints to selecting products 500 µs GATE OPERATION TIME 5 µs GATE OPERATION TIME to TAPPC0051EA e ng ra V r U de) e o ho ng cat ra o IR hot ar P ne ali lk ul (M TAPPC0050EA High-speed gate needed? 5 YES NO (Faster than 10 µs) YES NO (Slower than 2 kHz) C9546-03, C9547-03 C9548-03 (200 kHz compliant) C9546-04, C9547-04 C9548-04 (200 kHz compliant) 1-stage C9016-23 MCP 2-stage C9016-24 MCP 1-stage C9016-03 MCP 2-stage C9016-04 MCP Using 2-stage MCP type The 2-stage MCP enables imaging bio- or chemi-luminescence at extremely low light levels, or monitoring living things under dark conditions. The 2-stage MCP type offers image intensification (gain) approximately 100 times stronger than that of the 1-stage MCP type, enabling high-sensitivity detection. ●Gain Characteristics TAPPB0047EB at peak wavelength 106 RADIANT EMITTANCE GAIN (W/m2)/(W/m2) tia High gate repetition frequency needed? 1-stage MCP 2-stage MCP 105 2-STAGE MCP TYPE 104 103 102 SINGLE STAGE MCP TYPE 101 MIN. MAX. DIAL SCALE 6 Specifications ●High-speed gated image intensifier units A Type No. B Spectral PhotoResponse cathode (nm) Input / Output Area (mm) Phosphor Screen / Output Window H 1 2.2 × 104 2 5.0 × 1 1.2 × 104 2 5.0 × 1 4.0 × 104 2 9.6 × 106 1 2.2 × 104 C9016-22 2 5.0 × 106 C9016-23 1 1.1 × 104 C9016-01 GaAsP 280 to 720 C9016-02 C9016-03 Multialkali 185 to 900 17 D P43 / FOP C9016-04 C9016-05 GaAs 370 to 920 C9016-06 C9016-21 GaAsP 280 to 720 Multialkali 185 to 900 17 D P43 / FOP 106 106 2 4.0 × 106 1 4.0 × 104 2 9.6 × 106 1 2.0 × 104 C9546-02 2 3.0 × C9546-03 1 1.0 × 104 C9016-24 C9016-25 GaAs 370 to 920 C9016-26 C9546-01 GaAsP 280 to 720 Multialkali 185 to 900 17 D P43 / FOP 106 2 2.4 × 106 1 3.6 × 104 C9546-06 2 5.8 × 106 C9547-01 1 1.8 × 104 2 3.0 × 1 1.0 × 104 2 2.4 × 106 1 3.0 × 104 2 5.3 × 1 6.6 × 103 2 1.5 × 106 1 3.3 × 2 1.0 × 106 1 9.9 × 103 2 2.6 × C9546-04 C9546-05 GaAs 370 to 920 GaAsP 280 to 720 C9547-02 C9547-03 Multialkali 185 to 900 25 E P43 / FOP C9547-04 C9547-05 GaAs 370 to 920 C9547-06 C9548-01 GaAsP 280 to 720 C9548-02 C9548-03 Multialkali 185 to 900 25 E P46 / FOP C9548-04 C9548-05 GaAs 370 to 920 C9548-06 H H EBI Limiting Stage Luminous Radiant Resolution Gain Gate Time of (lm/m2)/lx (W/cm2) (Lp/mm) MCPs Typ. Typ. Typ. 106 106 103 106 8.0 × 10-15 3.0 × 10-14 4.0 × 10-14 8.0 × 10-15 3.0 × 10-14 4.0 × 10-14 8.0 × 10-15 3.0 × 10-14 4.0 × 10-14 8.0 × 10-15 3.0 × 10-14 4.0 × 10-14 2.0 × 10-14 3.0 × 10-14 4.0 × 10-14 Maximum Repetition Frequency (kHz) C PC Control Power Supply Operating DimenAmbient sions Temperature / No. Humidity 64 USB F 40 64 10 µs to 100 ms 32 ro 0.2 USB 1 AC100 V to 240 V G 64 40 64 40 AC100 V 64 20 ns to DC 2 USB 3 ns to DC 30 USB 30 USB 200 RS-232C 32 1 to 240 V G 64 40 64 40 AC100 V 64 32 to 240 V G 64 0 °C to +40 °C / 2 Less than 70 % (No condensation) 40 50 5 ns to DC 32 AC100 V 64 10 ns to DC 32 3 to 240 V G 50 5 ns to DC 32 45 32 AC100 V 57 10 ns to 9.99 ms 28 4 to 240 V G 45 28 ●High-speed gated image intensifier unit for high-speed camera A B Spectral Type No. PhotoResponse (Input mount) cathode (nm) C10880-03C (C-Mount) C10880-03F (F-Mount) 7 Multialkali 185 to 900 Input / Output Area (mm) Phosphor Screen / Output Window 24 / P46 + P46 / 16 Borosiricate glass H H H EBI Limiting Stage Luminous Radiant Resolution Gain Gate Time of (lm/m2)/lx (W/cm2) (Lp/mm) MCPs Typ. Typ. Typ. 1 1.0 × 105 2 × 10-9 38 10 ns to 9.99 ms C Maximum Repetition Frequency (kHz) PC Control 200 RS-232C Power Supply AC100 V to 240 V G Operating DimenAmbient sions Temperature / No. Humidity 0 °C to +40 °C 5 / Less than 70 % (No condensation) 6 NOTE: A Please see spectral response characteristics on page 5 B Other spectral response ranges area also available. Please consult our sales office. C Please see pages 8, 9, and 10. D Effective output area is 12.8 mm × 9.6 mm. Take the effective area of the camera and reduction rate of the relay lens to be used into account. E Effective output area is 16.0 mm × 16.0 mm. Take the effective area of the camera and reduction rate of the relay lens to be used into account. F Please use an attached AC adapter when short supply of power is worried. G AC adapter is supplied as an neccessory. H “Typ.” values are standard values for each unit. Please contact us for more detailed information. Dimensions Unit: mm 17 mm Image intensifier head OUTPUT WINDOW 4-M3 C-MOUNT OUTPUT WINDOW 116 32 CONNECTOR (AUX) FOR REMOTE CONTROLLER POWER SWITCH POWER/ PROTECTION DISPLAY LED 47 AC ADAPTER CONNECTOR USB CONNECTOR REAR VIEW SIDE VIEW 90 30 FRONT VIEW 1 30 4 34.3 0.5 50 Remote controller: 70 (W) × 48 (H) × 111 (D) Cable length: 2 m 2 C9546 Series : Input / output area: 66 1 C9016 Series : Input / output area: 4-M3 (Weight: Approx. 570 g) 1/4"-20UNC 45 BOTTOM VIEW TAPPA0061ED 17 mm, High speed gating (3 ns to DC) Image intensifier head 66 80 0.5 50 34.3 OUTPUT WINDOW C-MOUNT C-MOUNT GATE TIME MONITOR OUTPUT (BNC) 143 32 4-M3 1 77 POWER/ PROTECTION DISPLAY LED 1 POWER SWITCH AC ADAPTER CONNECTOR GATE INPUT(BNC) CONNECTOR (AUX) FOR SIDE VIEW USB CONNECTOR REMOTE CONTROLLER 40 90 REAR VIEW FRONT VIEW 4-M3 50 30 1/4"-20UNC Remote controller: 70 (W) × 48 (H) × 111 (D) Cable length: 2 m 3 C9547 Series : Input / output area: (Weight: Approx. 1 kg) 30 50 BOTTOM VIEW TAPPA0071ED 25 mm, High speed gating (5 ns / 10 ns to DC) Image intensifier head 80 80 0.5 67 33.3 C-MOUNT 1.8 C-MOUNT OUTPUT WINDOW 4-M3 159 41 GATE TIME MONITOR OUTPUT (BNC) 77 POWER/ PROTECTION DISPLAY LED 1 POWER SWITCH 90 REAR VIEW GATE INPUT (BNC) CONNECTOR (AUX) FOR REMOTE CONTROLLER AC ADAPTER CONNECTOR SIDE VIEW USB CONNECTOR FRONT VIEW 40 4-M3 50 30 1/4"-20UNC Remote controller: 70 (W) × 48 (H) × 111 (D) Cable length: 2 m (Weight: Approx. 1 kg) 30 50 BOTTOM VIEW TAPPA0072EC 8 Dimensions Unit: mm 4 C9548 Series : High repetition frequency (200 kHz max.), timing controllable via RS-232C 80 Image Intensifier Head 67 F-MOUNT (C-MOUNT IS ALSO SELECTABLE) OUTPUT WINDOW F-MOUNT 159 41 4-M3 (27) 33.3 0.5 80 GATE TIME MONITOR OUTPUT (BNC) 77 POWER/PROTECTION DISPLAY LED 1 POWER SWITCH AC ADAPTER CONNECTOR GATE TRIGGER INPUT (BNC) CONNECTOR (AUX) FOR REMOTE CONTROLLER 90 REAR VIEW SIDE VIEW RS-232C CONNECTOR FRONT VIEW 1/4"-20UNC 45 50 30 4-M3 DEPTH 8 Remote controller: 70 (W) × 48 (H) × 111 (D) Cable length: 2 m (Weight: Approx. 1.1 Kg) 30 50 BOTTOM VIEW TAPPA0089EC 5 C10880-03C (C-mount input type) : Suited for high-speed camera Image Intensifier Head 80 IMAGE BOOSTER 14 RELAY LENS ADAPTER 16 84.5 33.3 61 80 7.5 INPUT WINDOW 18 C-MOUNT 25 80 40 1.8 41 OUTPUT WINDOW GATE TIME MONITOR OUTPUT (BNC) 78 GATE TRIGGER INPUT (BNC) AC ADAPTER CONNECTOR REMOTE CONTROLLER RS-232C INTERFACE POWER SWITCH SIDE VIEW 40 40 REAR VIEW POWER / PROTECTION DISPLAY LED 90 FRONT VIEW Remote controller: 70 (W) × 48 (H) × 111 (D) Cable length: 2 m 30 50 1/4"-20UNC (Weight: Approx. 1.8 kg) 30 4-M3 DEPTH 8 50 80 BOTTOM VIEW TII A0071EB 6 C10880-03F (F-mount input type) : Suited for high-speed camera Image Intensifier Head IMAGE BOOSTER 14 RELAY LENS ADAPTER 16 84.5 33.3 61 27 80 F-MOUNT INPUT WINDOW 18 7.5 25 80 40 80 41 OUTPUT WINDOW GATE TIME MONITOR OUTPUT (BNC) 78 GATE TRIGGER INPUT (BNC) AC ADAPTER CONNECTOR REMOTE CONTROLLER RS-232C INTERFACE POWER SWITCH SIDE VIEW 40 40 REAR VIEW POWER / PROTECTION DISPLAY LED 90 FRONT VIEW Remote controller: 70 (W) × 48 (H) × 111 (D) Cable length: 2 m 9 30 50 1/4"-20UNC (Weight: Approx. 1.8 kg) 30 4-M3 DEPTH 8 50 80 BOTTOM VIEW TII A0072EC Dimensions Unit: mm Accessories ■Relay lens adapter 24 A9017 A9549 25 3 4- 3.2 COUNTER SINKING 2 4× 3 3 2 67 50 M59 P=1 41 32 M59 P=1 40 R R6 66 R6 [REAR VIEW] 80 [SIDE VIEW] [REAR VIEW] Weight: 35 g [SIDE VIEW] Weight: 45 g TAPPA0107EA TAPPA0087EA ■Relay lens A11703 (1:2) A11669 (3:2) A2098 (2:1) 37-43 72-80 102-108 A2095 (F-C CONVERSION ADAPTER) 32.6 A4539 (1:1) A11716 (3:1) 120-127 75-82 Type No. (ratio) Output mount Weight (g) Type No. (ratio) Output mount Weight (g) A11703 (1:2) F-mount 450 A11669 (3:2) C-mount 200 A4539 (1:1) F-mount 400 A2098 (2:1) C-mount 460 A2095 (–) C-mount 80 A11716 (3:1) C-mount 540 TAPPA0110EA 10 Readout methods This makes it easy to replace the relay lens with one of a different magnification, or to attach the lens to a different camera. The transmission efficiency is not as high as that of fiber coupling, however, and the optics system as a whole is less compact. Relay lens coupling CCD HIGH-SPEED GATED IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNIT RELAY LENS LENS TAPPC0056EC Readout device selection guide ●C9016-0x series CCD CAMERA WITH FIBER OPTIC WINDOW C12550 PC IMAGE PROCESSING SOFTWARE USB CABLE AC ADAPTER AC100 V to 240 V OBJECTIVE LENS WITH C-MOUNT CCD CAMERA WITH FIBER OPTIC WINDOW C9018/-01/-04 CAMERA CABLE A5963 SERIES C9016 series HEAD ATTACHMENT FOR MICROSCOPE RELAY LENS ADAPTER A9017 VIDEO OUTPUT (EIA, CCIR, Progressive scan) AC100 V DIGITAL CCD CAMERA (2/3 INCH) 3: 2 RELAY LENS A11669 MICROSCOPE AC ADAPTER A10059 2: 1 RELAY LENS A2098 CCD CAMERA (1/2 INCH) IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNIT ...IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNITS C9016 SERIES ...ACCESSORIES (SOLD SEPARATELY) CD-ROM CONTROL SOFTWARE USB CABLE 2 m4 PC5 (USB) REMOTE CONTROLLER3 AC ADAPTER1 TRIGGER INPUT REMOTE CONTROLLER AC CABLE2 100 V to 240 V Connections The recommended connections differ depending on the operation mode and gain control method for the C9016 series. Operation Gain control Connections DC Remote control 1 2 3 DC PC 4 5* Selectable by Gate 1 2 3 4 5 control software * Also connect 1 and 2 when using a notebook PC. ●C9016-2x series CCD CAMERA WITH FIBER OPTIC WINDOW C12550 PC TAPPC0109EG IMAGE PROCESSING SOFTWARE USB CABLE AC ADAPTER AC100 V to 240 V OBJECTIVE LENS WITH C-MOUNT CCD CAMERA WITH FIBER OPTIC WINDOW C9018/-01/-04 CAMERA CABLE A5963 SERIES C9016-2x series HEAD ATTACHMENT FOR MICROSCOPE RELAY LENS ADAPTER A9017 VIDEO OUTPUT (EIA, CCIR, Progressive scan) AC100 V DIGITAL CCD CAMERA (2/3 INCH) 3: 2 RELAY LENS A11669 MICROSCOPE AC ADAPTER A10059 2: 1 RELAY LENS A2098 CCD CAMERA (1/2 INCH) IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNIT PULSE DELAY GENERATOR C10149 GATE INPUT C10149 REMOTE CONTROLLER REMOTE CONTROLLER3 ...IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNITS C9016-2x SERIES ...ACCESSORIES (SOLD SEPARATELY) CD-ROM CONTROL SOFTWARE AC CABLE2 100 V to 240 V 11 TRIGGER INPUT Connections AC ADAPTER1 USB CABLE 2 m 4 PC5 (USB) The recommended connections differ depending on the operation mode and gain control method for the C9016-2x series. Operation Gain control Connections D C/Gate Remote control 1 2 3 DC PC 1 2 4 5 Gate PC 1 2 3 4 5 TAPPC0175EA The output image from the gated I.I. unit is transferred directly to the CCD with a fiber coupling, for highly efficient readout. Higher efficiency means that the quantity of incident light can be suppressed, which in turn extends the lifetime of the image intensifier. In addition, a more compact optics system can be used. The only drawback to this construction is that the readout system is difficult to replace. The C10054 series have internal fiber coupling. Fiber plate coupling CCD HIGH-SPEED GATED IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNIT FIBER PLATE Optical fiber LIGHT Reflection Light is transmitted from one end to the other while repeating reflection. 6µm diameter LIGHT By bundling 50 millions of optical fibers LIGHT Each optical fiber transfers light, so the image (letter "A") appears to be floating. TAPPC0055EB LIGHT ●C9546 series C9547 series TMCPC0069EB IMAGE PROCESSING SOFTWARE PC CCD CAMERA WITH FIBER OPTIC WINDOW (C9546 SERIES) C12550 USB CABLE AC ADAPTER AC100 V to 240 V OBJECTIVE LENS WITH C-MOUNT CCD CAMERA WITH FIBER OPTIC WINDOW (C9546 SERIES) C9018/-01/-04 CAMERA CABLE A5963 SERIES RELAY LENS ADAPTER A9017 A9549 C9546, C9547 SERIES C-MOUNT ATTACHMENT FOR MICROSCOPE HEAD VIDEO OUTPUT (EIA, CCIR, Progressive scan) AC100 V DIGITAL CCD CAMERA (2/3 INCH) 3: 2 RELAY LENS A11669 MICROSCOPE AC ADAPTER A10059 2: 1 RELAY LENS A2098 / 3: 1 RELAY LENS A11716 CCD CAMERA (1/2 INCH) PULSE DELAY GENERATOR C10149 GATE INPUT OSCILLOSCOPE (GATE TIME MONITOR) C10149 TRIGGER INPUT REMOTE CONTROLLER3 REMOTE CONTROLLER ...IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNITS C9016 SERIES ...ACCESSORIES (SOLD SEPARATELY) Connections CD-ROM CONTROL SOFTWARE AC The recommended connections differ depending on the operation mode and gain control method for the C9546, C9547 series. Operation Gain control Connections Remote D C/Gate 1 2 3 control AC ADAPTER1 CABLE2 USB CABLE 2 m4 100 V to 240 V PC5 (USB) ●C9548 series D C/Gate PC 1 2 4 5 TAPPC0121ED MICROSCOPE 2: 1 RELAY LENS A2098 C-MOUNT ATTACHMENT FOR MICROSCOPE OBJECTIVE LENS WITH C-MOUNT F-MOUNT LENS DIGITAL CCD CAMERA C9548 SERIES 3: 2 RELAY LENS A11669 C-MOUNT A F-MOUNT A TRIGGER INPUT C HEAD HIGH-SPEED CAMERAB 1: 1 RELAY LENS A4539 RELAY LENS ADAPTER A9549 STROBE PULSE OSCILLOSCOPE (GATE TIME MONITOR) AC ADAPTER AC CABLE REMOTE CONTROLLER 100 V to 240 V REMOTE CONTROLLER LENS Fiber Optic Plate (FOP) The FOP is an optical device consisting of millions of glass fibers of 6 micrometers in diameter, bundled parallel to one another. Since light is transmitted through each fiber, an image can be transferred from one end of the fiber to the other without any distorion. FOPs are widely used as optical devices that replace optical lens. ...IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNITS C9016 SERIES ...ACCESSORIES (SOLD SEPARATELY) CD-ROM CONTROL SOFTWARE RS232C CABLE 5 m PC NOTE: ASelect C-mount or F-mount at ordering. BSupported high-speed cameras depend on the readout frame rate. Please be sure to consult us. Check the input mount of the high-speed camera. The A2095 is needed in front of the high-speed camera when the camera has a C-mount input port. (See page 10.) CThe C9548 series contains a pulse delay generator. TAPPC0145EE 12 Readout device selection guide ●C10880 series MICROSCOPE C-MOUNT ATTACHMENT FOR MICROSCOPE C10880 SERIES OBJECTIVE LENS WITH C-MOUNT C-MOUNT A F-MOUNT LENS F-MOUNT A F-MOUNTC-MOUNT CONVERTER B A2095 HEAD HIGH-SPEED CAMERAC 1: 1 RELAY LENS A4539 TRIGGER INPUT D STROBE PULSE OSCILLOSCOPE (GATE TIME MONITOR) AC ADAPTER REMOTE CONTROLLER AC CABLE REMOTE CONTROLLER 100 V to 240 V ...IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNITS C10880 SERIES ...ACCESSORIES (SOLD SEPARATELY) CD-ROM CONTROL SOFTWARE USB CABLE 5 m PC NOTE: AC-MOUNT: C10880-03C, F-MOUNT: C10880-03F BCheck the input mount of the high-speed camera. The A2095 is needed only when the camera has a C-mount input port. CSupported high-speed cameras depend on the readout frame rate. Please be sure to consult us. DThe C10880 series contains a pulse delay generator. TII C0072EC Phosphor screen spectral emission 100 Phosphor screen decay TII B0117EB 102 TII B0118EB 80 RELATIVE INTENSITY (%) RELATIVE INTENSITY (%) P43 * 60 P43 * 40 P46 * 20 101 P46 * 100 ns 100 ns 1 ms 10 µs NPUT LIGHT PULSE WIDTH 0 400 450 500 550 600 WAVELENGTH (nm) 650 700 100 10-8 10-7 1 ms 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 DECAY TIME (s) * P43: C9016 series, C9546 series, C9547 series P46: C9548 series, C10880 series 13 10-2 Related products ■Pulse delay generator C10149 The C10149 controls the gate (shutter) timing and sets the respective timing required to operate ICCD cameras and high-speed gated I.I. units. Up to 3 independent channels are available for pulse output. One channel can be output in burst mode. The C10149 connects to a PC (personal computer) through a USB port, so the PC is used to control, to set and to supply power to the C10149. Specifications ●GENERAL Parameter Description / Value Mode Internal External Number of Input Channels — 1 Trigger Input Connector — BNC-R Trigger 1 Pulse 3 Output Output Connector BNC-R ●INPUT TRIGGER (External Trigger) Description / Value Parameter Signal level TTL Positive Logic / Negative Logic Logic Level 10 ns Minimum Pulse Width 1 kΩ Impedance 0.1 Hz to 200 kHz Repetition Rate ●OUTPUT TRIGGER Parameter Description / Value Output Level 4.5 V *1 Positive Logic / Negative Logic Logic Level 100 ns Pulse At Internal Trigger Mode Width At External Trigger Mode External Trigger Pulse Width 60 ns ± 2 ns External Trigger Delay Time ●OUTPUT PULSE (A, B, C) Parameter Description / Value 4.5 V *1 Signal Level Positive Logic / Negative Logic Logic Level 0.05 Hz to 200 kHz Repetition Rate *2 5 ns to 20.45 s *3 Range Pulse Width 10 ns *3 Resolution 10 ns to 20.45 s *3 Range Delay Time 10 ns *3 Resolution 5 ns to 20.45 s *3 Pulse Width Burst Internal Time of Pulse / Pulse 200 ns to 20.45 s *3 Operation *4 Number of Pulses 1 to 255 Delay Output A · B 120 ns ± 4 ns Time *5 Output C 130 ns ± 4 ns At Internal Trigger Mode Less than 1 ns Pulse Jitter At External Trigger Mode Less than 2 ns *6 *7 Less than 5 ns Rise Time / Fall Time ●RATING Parameter Description / Value 5V USB *8 Input Low Voltage Input +10 V to +13 V Voltage (DC) 1.8 W Power Consumption 300 g Weight 100 mm × 36 mm × 102 mm Dimensions (W × H × D) ●SOFTWARE OPERATION CONDITION *9 Parameter Description Applicable Computer DOS/V PC *10 Windows® vista / 7 Applicable OS USB Interface NOTE *1: When a 50 Ω load is connected. Output level with no-load is 5 V. *2: When using an internal timebase. *3: Resolution degrades when pulse width range is set to 10 ms or more. *4: Available only for output C. *5: Delay time versus input trigger pulse. *6: 10 ns or less when frequency is higher than 1 kHz. *7: Time required for output pulse to reach from 10 % to 90 % (or 90 % to 10 %) of peak amplitude. (with 50 Ω load) *8: Low voltage input is shared if power drops due to a load on the connected device. *9: This software allows selecting the logic level and setting the pulse width and delay time. *10: PC with a USB port and the USB port operation is guaranteed by the PC manufacturer. Shutter timing chart (External trigger mode) TRIGGER INPUT PULSE (TRIG. IN TERMINAL) 10 ns MIN. DELAY TIME OF EXTERNAL TRIGGER 60 ns ± 2 ns TRIGGER OUTPUT PULSE (TRIG. OUT TERMINAL) TRIGGER WIDTH (100 ns at INTERNAL TRIGGER) OUTPUT A · B DELAY TIME 120 ns ± 4 ns * OUTPUT A * OUTPUT B OUTPUT C DELAY TIME 130 ns ± 4 ns * : The output pulse widths and delay time can be set individually and optionally. * OUTPUT C BURST OPERATION (ONLY OUTPUT C) TAPPC0160EA 14 Related products ■CCD cameras with fiber optic window C9018/-01/-04, C12550 The C9018 series CCD cameras have a restart / reset function and are designed to read out images from C9016 and C9546 series image intensifier units. Fiber coupling allows more highly efficient image readout than lens coupling. ●Analog camera ●Digital camera C9018 series C12550 Specifications ●C9018 series Parameter C9018 C9018-01 C9018-04 CCIR Signal Systems EIA Progressive scan *1 Charge Accumulation Frame storage / Field storage, switchable Frame storage 12.8 × 9.6 Effective Image Area (H × V) 752 × 582 Number of Pixels (H × V) 768 × 494 659 × 494 560 570 500 Resolution (Horizontal) Internal / External (auto switching) Synchronization Method Power Requirement +9.0 to +16.0 +10.5 to +15.0 1.6 Power Consumption 1.8 170 Weight 0 to +40 Operating Ambient Temperature 70 (no condensation) Operating Ambient Humidity Unit — — mm — TV lines — V W g °C % *1: Progressive scan at a vertical frequency of 59.94 Hz ●C12550 Parameter C12550 Image Device full pixel readout interline CCD 13.2 × 9.9 Effective Image Area (H × V) 1360 × 1024 Number of Pixels (H × V) 12 AD Converter 10 (Max.) Readout Rate Exposure Control Electronic shutter capable of long exposure External Trigger Edge trigger, start trigger Digital Output USB 2.0 Power Requirement AC100 to AC240 Power Consumption 3.6 Weight 400 0 to +40 Operating Ambient Temperature 70 (no condensation) Operating Ambient Humidity Unit — mm — bit fps — — — V W g °C % Dimensional outline (Unit: mm) C9018/-01/-04 C12550 6 51.5 ± 0.15 EXTERNAL TRIGGER TERMINAL (4 PIN) EFFECTIVE AREA 13.2 × 9.9 50 4- 3.2 CAMERA FIXING SCREW HOLES 50 42 FCCD Camera 32 33 INPUT WINDOW FOP USB CONNECTOR OPERATION MODE SELECTOR SWITCH 46.5 C12550 USB 32 EFFECTIVE AREA 12.8 × 9.6 DC 12V 86 FRONT VIEW DC IN/SYNC CONNECTOR (12 PIN) MAX HD/VD HD/VD SWITCH 75 Ω TERMINATER SWITCH GAIN SWITCH REAR VIEW 15 1 20 1/4-20 × 6L SIDE VIEW AC ADAPTER CONNECTOR REAR VIEW TAPPA0108EA 4- 3.2 VIDEO OUT/DC IN/SYNC M GAIN ON SIDE VIEW DIP SWITCH MIN 0.3A 1.5 66 FRONT VIEW 75Ω 1 2 3 4 32 TIMING I/0 TAPPA0063EC Related products ■Digital camera ORCA-Flash4.0 V2 The ORCA-Flash4.0 V2 is a sophisticated camera using a CMOS image sensor designed for scientific measurement. Coupling this camera to a high-speed gated image intensifier unit of the C9016 series or C9546 series or C9547 series via a relay lens allows high-speed image readout with even higher sensitivity and resolution. ORCA-Flash4.0 V2 Features ●High quantum efficiency: 70 % or more (at 600 nm wavelength) ●Low noise: 1.3 electrons median (at 100 frames per second) ●High resolution: 4 million pixels (6.5 µm x 6.5 µm image format) ●High-speed readout: 100 frames per second Connection example The photo shows the C9546 series connected to the ORCA-Flash4.0 V2 digital camera via a relay lens adapter A9017, and relay lens A11669. The output surface of the image intensifier is projected onto the input surface of the digital camera with a reduction ratio of 2/3. Effective imaging area (1) (2) The effective imaging area of the C9016 and C9546 series when used with a relay lens A4539 is as follows: (1) Image intensifier output surface (photocathode) size : 17 mm diameter (2) Effective area of the ORCA-Flash4.0 V2 digital camera : 13.3 mm × 13.3 mm (3) Effective photocathode area of the image intensifier : 13.5 mm × 10 mm (3) The product catalog for the ORCA-Flash4.0 V2 digital camera is available. Feel free to contact us or access our website to download it. 16 Related products ■ICCD camera with high-speed shutter C10054 series The C10054 series is a family of high sensitivity cameras that integrate a proximity type image intensifier with a CCD camera for readout, which are coupled by a fiber optic plate. The image intensifier operates with a highspeed electronic shutter to perform high-speed imaging. Features ●Photocathode: GaAsP, GaAs, multialkali ●Shutter time: 5 ns to DC ●Maximum shutter repetition rate: 2 kHz ●Signal format: EIA, CCIR, full pixel readout TV format EIA C10054-01 C10054-02 C10054-03 C10054-04 C10054-05 C10054-06 Spectral No. of Input window Non TV format Photocathode response range MCP material (mm) stages full poxel readout C10054-21 1 280 to 720 Borosilicate Glass GaAsP C10054-22 2 C10054-23 1 185 to 900 Multialkali Synthetic Silica C10054-24 2 C10054-25 1 370 to 920 GaAs Borosilicate Glass C10054-26 2 Signal format TV format CCIR C10054-11 C10054-12 C10054-13 C10054-14 C10054-15 C10054-16 Limiting resolution (TV lines) 470 450 480 420 470 450 NOTE: · Supply voltage: +12 V · Operating ambient temperature / humidity: 0 to +40 °C / below 70 % · Cannot be controlled from PC. Internal block diagram Dimensional outline (Unit: mm) PROXIMITY FOCUSED IMAGE INTENSIFIER FIBER OPTIC PLATE CCD 75 Ω TERMINATION SWITCH C-MOUNT 1 66 91 DC IN / SYNC (12 PIN) CCD SHUTTER MODE SELECTION SWITCH CCD GAIN ADJUSTABLE KNOB HD / VD INPUT / OUTPUT SWITCH CCD DRIVE CIRCUIT SHUTTER TIME SETTING SWITCH 95 VIDEO SIGNAL POWER / PROTECTION DISPLAY LED 74 INCIDENT LIGHT IMAGE INTENSIFIER GAIN ADJUSTABLE KNOB CONNECTOR FOR REMOTE CONTROLLER 4 GATE SHUTTER INPUT (BNC) FRONT VIEW C-MOUNT REAR VIEW IMAGE INTENSIFIER OPERATION MODE SELECTOR SWITCH NORMAL / GATE 40 30 HIGH-SPEED GATE DRIVE CIRCUIT/ CONTROL CIRCUIT 40 HIGHVOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY/ CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR IMAGE INTENSIFIER SIDE VIEW LOW-VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT (Weight: Approx. 740 g) MOUNTING SCREW (1/4" -20 UNC) 31.5 TAPPC0048EC (4-M3 DEPTH 4) 30 BOTTOM VIEW Remote controller: 70 (W) × 48 (H) × 111 (D) TAPPA0083ED Connection example * TV MONITOR OR IMAGE MEMORY VIDEO OUTPUT C-MOUNT LENS AC ADAPTER A10059 C10054 SERIES REMOTE CONTROLLER CAMERA CABLE A5963 SERIES MICROSCOPE CAMERA REMOTE CONTROLLER BNC CABLE (50 Ω) 17 C-MOUNT ATTACHMENT FOR MICROSCOPE EXTERNAL SHUTTER INPUT (TTL, POSITIVE LOGIC) AC100 V AC CABLE (WITH AC ADAPTER) ICCD CAMERA C10054 SERIES ACCESSORIES (SOLD SEPARATELY) * Non-TV format type can't display the images by using a standard TV or video. Need to prepare a image capture board or equivalent for obtaining the image of progressive scan type. TAPPC0143ED Application Note When using C9546-03 equivalent Observation of pulsed light propagation through optical fiber This is what pulsed laser light passing through an optical fiber looks like when observed with a high-speed gated image intensifier. This allows verifying the distance that the light pulse travels after emission per the gate time. * Unsheathed optical fiber was used to observe light pulse from external side. * Optical fiber refractive index: 1.5 Image examples: Laser pulsed light passing through optical fiber Gate time: 3 ns Gate time: 100 ns External view of fiber optic cable used in this test Image at 3 ns gate time: Image shows light moved 60 cm. Image at 100 ns gate time: Light has moved 20 m, so entire fiber is emitting light. Imaging system configuration Pulsed laser light is guided into the fiber optic cable wound around a glass pipe. A high-speed gated image intensifier is used to capture an image of pulsed light passing through to optical fiber optic. The image captured with the gated image intensifier is then read out with a camera. To control the gate time (shutter speed), pulsed light is split by a beamsplitting mirror into two paths. A PIN photodiode detects light on one path and generates a trigger signal for input to a pulse generator. This pulse generator provides a TTL signal output for the high-speed gated image intensifier power supply. 150 mm GLASS PIPE PLASTIC OPTICAL FIBER HALF MIRROR INCIDENT END OF OPTICAL FIBER LENS HIGH-SPEED GATED I.I. UNIT C9546-03 or EQUIVALENT LENS CAMERA PIN PHOTODIODE NITROGEN EXCITATION DYE LASER Laser Wavelength : 550 nm Pulse Width : 50 ps Repetition Frequency : 1 Hz LASER BEAM (50 ps) PULSE GENELATOR EXTERNAL TRIGGER PULSE OUTPUT FRAME MEMORY IMAGE PROCESSOR TAPPC0072EC 18 Application Note When using C9016-01 Observing nuclear fission in filamentous fungi The image intensifier unit allows observing weak fluorescence emitted from cells. The images below show the process by which nuclear fission progresses in aspergillus oryzae stained with GFP. These images were viewed through a fluorescence microscope and confocal unit and were taken with an AP Imager Camera after being optically amplified by the C9016-01 image intensifier unit. These images clearly show that the number of cells increased during nuclear division occurring in the upward direction on the images. Using an image intensifier unit allows observing these cellular activities with minimum laser input power. This prevents damaging the cells under observation. Imaging examples: Observing nuclear division in aspergillus oryzae Just after start of measurement 60 minutes after start of measurement 30 minutes after start of measurement 120 minutes after start of measurement Imaging system setup The cells under observation are irradiated with a laser beam and the resulting fluorescence then observed through a fluorescence microscope and confocal unit. After being amplified by the C9016-01 image intensifier unit, the fluorescence image is then read out by the high-resolution AP Imager Camera that produces almost no signal multiplication noise. FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPE PC LASER 488 nm / 5 mW EXTENDER ×2 C9016-01 HEAD CONFOCAL UNIT RELAY LENS ADAPTER RELAY LENS A11669 A9017 IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNIT AP IMAGER CAMERA C9720 TAPPC0130EC Photo and information: Courtesy of Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences / Faulty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo 19 Application Note When using C9546-03 equivalent Monitoring of soot produced from diesel flame The degree of soot clouds produced in a diesel flame was monitored using the laser sheet method and a gated I.I. unit. Using the gated I.I. unit, it was possible to measure faint scattered light at high sensitivity. Also, by using gating at a high repetition rate, it was possible to capture kinetic changes in the amount of soot being produced. Images of the flame taken directly with a high-speed camera were compared with simultaneous photographs of the scattered image, enabling changes in the degree of soot being produced from the diesel combustion to be observed over time, and showing the relationship between soot conditions and the flame. Comparison of scattered soot image and direct flame image * Scattered soot image (photographed with high-speed gated image intensifier unit) Direct flame image (photographed with high-speed camera) ATDC: After top dead center TDC: Top dead center θ: Crank angle based on ATDC as reference Imaging system configuration The YAG laser is directed into a sheet configuration and the interior of the combustion chamber is irradiated with the laser sheet. Scattered light from the soot particles is detected using the gated I.I. unit. The gate operation of the gated I.I. unit is synchronized to the light source, enabling moving images of the scattered light to be captured. To further clarify the flame conditions, a half-mirror is introduced and the direct flame image captured with a highspeed camera. 35 mm STILL-CAMERA INTERFERENTIAL FILTER HALF MIRROR LENS PRISM IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNIT HIGHSPEED CAMERA C9546-03 or EQUIVALENT INJECTOR YAG LASER (532 mm) LENS CYLINDRICAL LENS CYLINDER HEAD Photo and information: Courtesy of professer M. Shioji from Kyoto University. TAPPC0057EC REFERENCES * M. Shioji, et al.: 1992 JSAE Autumn Convention Proceedings, 924, 41-44(1992). (Published in Japanese) 20 Application Note When using C10880-03F Observing micro-discharge phenomenon Changes in a micro-discharge phenomenon were observed by connecting a gated image intensifier unit to a high-speed camera that captures images at 500,000 frames per second. Capturing a high-speed phenomenon at faint light emissions is usually impossible with a camera operating at a low frame rate, because low frame rates do not provide enough time resolution. However, merely increasing the frame rate (less exposure time) reduces the input light level and makes the acquired images darker and unsatisfactory. We succeeded in capturing clear images of very weak light emission at a high frame rate by combining a high-speed camera with a high-speed gated image intensifier unit that contains a proximity focused image intensifier coupled to an inverter type intensifier and provides high brightness output. Imaging examples: Observing changes in micro-discharge phenomenon Typical imaging system setup The camera is synchronized based on a trigger signal generated just prior to a discharge phenomenon, and the trigger signal is input to the gated image intensifier unit so that the gate opens only during the time the discharge phenomenon occurs. C10880-03F POSITIVE ELECTRODE HIGH-SPEED CAMERA OBJECTIVE LENS TRIGGER GND IMAGE INTENSIFIER UNIT TRIGGER DETECTOR RELAY LENS TRIGGER SIGNAL PULSE DELAY GENERATOR C10149 TII C0074EB 21 Application Note When using C10054-22 or equivalent Observing light emitted when cavitations occur in ultrasonic washer ICCD cameras are ideal for observing the low-level light emitted (sonoluminescence) when cavitations occur in ultrasonic washers. Imaging example: Observing low-level emission in an ultrasonic washer Imaging system setup The high sensitivity ICCD camera contains a 2stage MCP that lets it capture low-level emissions impossible with ordinary CCD cameras. WATER SURFACE ICCD CAMERA C10054-22 OBJECTIVE OR EQUIVALENT LENS ULTRASONIC WASHER IMAGE PROCESSOR Low-level emission when cavitations occurred PC (Ultrasonic washer vibration frequency: 201 kHz, output: 20 W, partially degassed) Application Note TAPPC0156EC When using C10054-06 or equivalent Night time surveillance The image on the left shows a boat sailing at sea on a rainy night captured with the ICCD camera and a laser. The boast is clearly visible due to use of a near infrared laser and high-speed gating of the image intensifier. The image on the right captured with a floodlight camera is not clear since the illuminating light reflects off the raindrops. Imaging examples: Surveillance on the sea at night (Rainy weather) ▼Captured with floodlight camera ▲Captured with ICCD camera and near infrared laser Photos courtesy of Mitsubishi Heavy Industry, Ltd. 22 Application Note When using C9546 (InGaAs photocathode) Time-resolved photoluminescence imaging of polycrystalline silicon wafer The data below shows the results from time-resolved photoluminescence imaging (TRI) measured when a polycrystalline silicon wafer was irradiated with light at different excitation frequencies having an intensity of 2.5 × 1017/cm2·s. The silicon wafer is 5 × 5 cm in size and 200 µm in thickness and both sides are passivated with SiNx. This proves that uncertainty is drastically improved (s(teff) for [d] was improved by 10 % compared to [c]) by increasing the excitation frequency. Imaging examples: Silicon wafer photoluminescence (a) (b) ▲Time-resolved imaging of photoluminescence lifetime when excited at 2 kHz ▲Time-resolved imaging of photoluminescence lifetime when excited at 20 kHz Spatial distribution by pulsed light of 1 ns (c) (d) ▲Uncertainty when excited at 2 kHz ▲Uncertainty when excited at 20 kHz Data courtesy of Prof. D. Kiliani, University of Konstanz, Germany Imaging system setup Light from an LED or laser is irradiated onto the polycrystalline silicon wafer to cause photoluminescence which is then focused on the image intensifier via the objective lens. Photons generated by photoluminescence in the silicon wafer are multiplied in the image intensifier and the visible image output from the image intensifier is focused on the CCD image sensor via the relay lens. Measurement setup C B A OBJECTIVE LENS LASER SAMPLE LED PANEL A: C9546 with built-in InGaAs image intensifier (with one-stage MCP and P43 phosphor screen) B: Relay lens adapter A9017 Relay lens A4539 C-mount converter A2095 C: ORCA-Flash4 camera (Camera Link) Image processing software HiPIC TAPPC0176EA Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office. Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. ©2014 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K. www.hamamatsu.com HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electron Tube Division 314-5, Shimokanzo, Iwata City, Shizuoka Pref., 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205 U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218 E-mail: [email protected] Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658 E-mail: [email protected] France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 19, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10 E-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: (44)1707-294888, Fax: (44)1707-325777 E-mail: [email protected] North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Torshamnsgatan 35 SE-164 40 Kista, Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-509-031-00, Fax: (46)8-509-031-01 E-mail: [email protected] TII 0006E01 Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia S.r.l.: Strada della Moia, 1 int. 6, 20020 Arese (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)02-93581733, Fax: (39)02-93581741 E-mail: [email protected] NOV. 2014 IP China: Hamamatsu Photonics (China) Co., Ltd.: B1201 Jiaming Center, No.27 Dongsanhuan Beilu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China, Telephone: (86)10-6586-6006, Fax: (86)10-6586-2866 E-mail: [email protected]