Conductive Polymer Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors (SP-Cap) TECHNICAL GUIDE 6.Safety and Reliability Safety The specialty polymer aluminum electrolytic capacitor (SP-Cap) is a capacitor more difficult to"smoke" and ignite than a tantalum capacitor. The capacitor will not "red-heat" or ignite even if 10A current is applied, even in case of short circuit. Safety test A constant current was passed through a short-circuited product, and the product was observed to check for smoking and ignition. ● Test conditions To short-circuit, an overvoltage of 30 V DC was applied to a capacitor at room temperature, and then a constant current was applied to the capacitor for two minutes. ● Test results The presence or absence of smoke and the number of capacitors that red-heated and ignited are shown below (unit: piece) Specialty polymer aluminum electrolytic capacitor 6.3V 33µF (7.3 x 4.3 x 1.8) Current (A) Test quantity Not smoked Smoked Ｒｅｄ-heated and ignited 1 2 5 7 50 50 50 50 50 35 50 10 50 0 0 0 8 0 0 15 42 0 2 48 0 In the conditions shown above, red-heating and ignition were not identified. The smoke emitted in the tests above was analyzed. As a result, harmful substances were not detected. (Detail: carbon dioxide <0.34mg, carbon monoxide <0.53mg, methane gas < 0.19mg/piece) Tantalum electrolytic capacitor 6.3V150µF (7.3 x 4.3 x 2.8) Current (A) Test quantity Not smoked Smoked Ｒｅｄ-heated and ignited 1 2 3 4 50 50 50 50 25 8 0 0 34 50 N/A 0 25 8 N/A 5 50 N/A M/A 50 50 This test data is simply the results obtained from the reference tests and actual data may vary on actual application. Design and specifications are each subject to change without notice. Ask factory for the current technical specifications before purchase and/or use. Should a safety concern arise regarding this product, please be sure to contact us immediately. 20 Conductive Polymer Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors (SP-Cap) TECHNICAL GUIDE The Specialty Polymer capacitor is difficult to “smoke” and ignite It is because: * Aluminum is more difficult to burn than tantalum. * Specialty polymer emits less oxygen than manganese dioxide. Three elements of combustion For substances to burn, the three elements of combustion - heat, fuel, oxygen - are mandatory. If one of them is not present, burning will not occur. Oxygen (Air) Fuel Heat (Short-circuit) (Aluminum, Tantalum) Aluminum is more difficult to burn than tantalum. Burning reaction Reaction start temperature Activation energy SP-Cap Tantalum capacitor Al + O2 400ºC ~ 600ºC Ta + O2 250ºC ~ 450ºC 170kJ/mol 115kJ/mol Reaction becomes easier when the activation energy is lower. →Tantalum is more readily bound to oxygen (O2), and burns at low temperatures than aluminum. Specialty polymer does not produce oxygen. Specialty polymer Ｈ Ｈ Ｃ Ｃ Ｃ Ｃ Ｎ Ｈ Manganese dioxide MnO2 Ｈ Ｎ Ｃ Ｃ Ｈ Example of the oxygen release reaction of manganese dioxide Ｃ Ｃ Ｈ 4MnO2 → 2Mn2O3+O2 ｎ →Manganese dioxide releases oxygen to cause combustion. Aluminum is more difficult to bind with oxygen than tantalum, and specialty polymer will release less oxygen than manganese dioxide. As a result, the SP-Cap is more difficult to “smoke” and ignite than a tantalum capacitor. Design and specifications are each subject to change without notice. Ask factory for the current technical specifications before purchase and/or use. Should a safety concern arise regarding this product, please be sure to contact us immediately. 21 Conductive Polymer Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors (SP-Cap) TECHNICAL GUIDE Reliability The Specialty Polymer Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor (SP-Cap) is a capacitor more difficult to short-circuit than a tantalum capacitor. Reliability test Capacitors weretested for possible short-circuiting or burnout when voltage is applied in a high temperature environment. ● Test conditions Test temperature ： 85 to 145°C Applied voltage ： Rated voltage (W.V.) x (0.8 to 1.25) Test time ： 1,000 hours (without protective resistance) Quantity of specimens ： n = 20 for each condition ● Test results The number of capacitors short-circuited or burned out are shown below. Specialty polymer aluminum electrolytic capacitor 6.3V 47µF(7.3 x 4.3 x 1.8) 0.8 x W.V W.V 1.1 x W.V 1.25 x W.V 85℃ 0 0 0 0 105℃ 0 0 0 0 125℃ 0 0 0 0 145℃ 0 0 0 0 During the test, short-circuits did not occur under each of all the conditions. Tantalum capacitor 6.3V 220µF(7.3 x 4.3 x 2.8) 0.8 x W.V W.V 1.1 x W.V 1.25 x W.V 85℃ 0 0 0 0 105℃ 0 0 0 １ 125℃ 0 0 0 ３ 145℃ １ 0 0 0 The short-circuited products were all burned out. Normally, when the atmospheric temperature and voltage become higher, a product tends to short-circuit. Predicted failure rate of SP-Cap ●As a result of our reliability test, the following data could be obtained. Failure rate resulting from the temperature accelerated test: 46 Fit or less (Predicted failure rate when the temperature is 105°C and the rated voltage is applied) ●Predicted market failure rate: 0.13 Fit or less (c = 0, predicted failure rate when reliability level is 60%) This failure rate is for reference only. Actual failure rates may vary in actual applications. Design and specifications are each subject to change without notice. Ask factory for the current technical specifications before purchase and/or use. Should a safety concern arise regarding this product, please be sure to contact us immediately. 22 Conductive Polymer Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors (SP-Cap) TECHNICAL GUIDE The SP-Cap is difficult to short-circuit The specialty polymer is a substance (electrolyte) whose resistance Rises with temperature. When a defect occurs in the dielectric, the joule heat of the current flowing trough the defect raises the resistance of the polymer to the point that it becomes self-insulating and shuts off the current flow Resistivity with respect to temperature 100 Insulated Resistivity Ω•cm 10 Manganese dioxide 1 0.1 Specialty polymer 0.01 0 200 400 600 800 Temperature ℃ The specialty polymer insulates itself at a low temperature as compared with manganese dioxide. As a result, SP-Al is more difficult to short-circuit than a tantalum capacitor. Design and specifications are each subject to change without notice. Ask factory for the current technical specifications before purchase and/or use. Should a safety concern arise regarding this product, please be sure to contact us immediately. 23