Single-chip Type with Built-in FET Switching Regulator Series Simple Step-down Switching Regulators with Built-in Power MOSFET BD9873CP-V5,BD9874CP-V5 No.09027EAT39 ● Description The BD9873,74CP-V5 single-channel step-down switching regulator incorporates a Pch MOSFET capable, as well as circuitry that eliminates the need for external compensation – only a diode, coil, and ceramic capacitor are required – reducing board size significantly. ●Features 1) Maximum switching current : 1.5A, 3.0A 2) Built-in Pch FET ensures high efficiency 3) Output voltage adjustable via external resistors 4) High switching frequency : 110kHz (fixed) 5) Soft start time : 4ms (fixed) 6) Over current and thermal shutdown protection circuits built in 7) ON/OFF control via STBY pin ●Applications TVs, printers, DVD players, projectors, gaming devices, PCs, car audio/navigation systems, ETCs, communication equipment, AV products, office equipment, industrial devices, and more. ●Absolute Maximum Ratings(Ta=25℃) Parameter Symbol Ratings Unit Supply Voltage(VCC-GND) Vcc 36 V STBY-GND VSTBY 36 V OUT-GND VOUT 36 V INV-GND VINV 5 V 1.5(*1) BD9873 A 3.0(*1) BD9874 A Maximum Switching Current Power Dissipation Operating Temperature Iout Pd 2000(*2) mW Storage Temperature Topr -40~+85 ℃ Supply Voltage(VCC-GND) Tstg -55~+150 ℃ (*1) Do not exceed Pd, ASO. (*2) Derated at 16mW/℃ over Ta=25℃ www.rohm.com © 2009 ROHM Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 1/12 2009.07 - Rev.A Technical Note BD9873CP-V5,BD9874CP-V5 ●Operating Conditions(Ta=-40~+85℃) Parameter Symbol Input Voltage VCC Limit TYP MAX 8.0 - 35.0 V - 0.8× (VCC-Io× Ron) V Vo Output Voltage Unit MIN 1.0 Conditions ●Electrical Characteristics(Unless otherwise noted, Ta=25℃,Vcc=12V,Vo=5V,STBY=3V) Parameter Symbol Efficiency Switching Frequency Unit Conditions MIN TYP MAX - 1.0 1.5 Ω BD9873 - 0.5 1.0 Ω BD9874 η 80 88 - % Io=0.5A fosc 99 110 121 kHz Ron Output ON Resistance Limit Vcc=20V, Load Regulation 5 40 mV Io=0.5~1.5A BD9873 ΔVOLOAD Vcc=20V, - 5 40 mV Io=1.0~3.0A BD9874 Line Regulation Vcc=10~30V, Io=1.0A - 5 25 mV 1.6 - - A BD9873 3.2 - - A BD9874 VINV 0.985 1.00 1.015 V IINV - 1 2 μA ON VSTBYON 2.0 - VCC V OFF VSTBYOFF -0.3 - 0.3 V Istby 5 15 30 μA STBY=3V Circuit Current Icc - 5 12 mA INV=2V Stand-by Current Ist - 0 5 μA STBY=0V Soft Start Time Tss - 4 20 ms STBY=0→3V ΔVOLINE Over Current Protection Iocp Limit Over Current Protection Limit INV Pin Input Current STBY Pin Threshold Voltage STBYPin Input Current VINV=1.0V This product is not designed to be resistant to radiation. www.rohm.com © 2009 ROHM Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 2/12 2009.07 - Rev.A Technical Note BD9873CP-V5,BD9874CP-V5 ●Block Diagram VCC 1 VREF PWM COMP DRIVER OSC STBY 5 STBY CTL LOGIC OUT 2 OCP TSD INV Error AMP 4 SS 3 GND Fig.1 ●Package Dimensions 3.2±0.1 +0.3 -0.1 4.5±0.1 +0.2 Pin No. Pin Name Function 1 VCC Input Power Supply Pin 2 OUT Internal Pch FET Drain Pin 3 GND Ground 4 INV Output Voltage Feedback Pin 5 STBY 2.8 -0.1 4.92±0.2 1.0±0.2 (1.0) BD987X 13.60 16.92 15.2 -0.2 12.0±0.2 8.0±0.2 +0.4 10.0 ●Pin Description Lot No. 1 2 3 0.82±0.1 0.92 1.444 1.778 3 1 2 5 4 ON/OFF Control Pin 0.42 ±0.1 1.58 (2.85) 4.12 5 4 TO220CP-V5(Unit:mm) Fig.2 www.rohm.com © 2009 ROHM Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 3/12 2009.07 - Rev.A Technical Note BD9873CP-V5,BD9874CP-V5 ●Block Function Explanations ・ VREF Generates the regulated voltage from Vcc input, compensated for temperature. ・ OSC Generates the triangular wave oscillation frequency (900kHz) using an internal resistors and capacitor. Used for PWM comparator input. ・ Error AMP This block, via the INV pin, detects the resistor-divided output voltage, compares this with the reference voltage, then amplifies and outputs the difference. ・ PWM COMP Outputs PWM signals to the Driver block, which converts the error amp output voltage to PWM form. DRIVER This push-pull FET driver powers the internal Pch MOSFET, which accepts direct PWM input. STBY Controls ON/OFF operation via the STBY pin. The output is ON when STBY is High. ・ ・ ・ Thermal Shutdown (TSD) This circuit protects the IC against thermal runaway and damage due to excessive heat. A thermal sensor detects the junction temperature and switches the output OFF once the temperature exceeds a threshold value (175°C). Hysteresis is built in (15°C) in order to prevent malfunctions due to temperature fluctuations. ・ Over Current Protection (OCP) The OCP circuit detects the voltage difference between Vcc and OUT by measuring the current through the internal Pch MOSFET and switches the output OFF once the voltage reaches the threshold value. The OCP block is a self-recovery type (not latch). ・ Soft Start (SS) This block conducts soft start operations. When STBY is High and the IC starts up the internal capacitor begins charging. The soft start time is fixed at 5ms. ●Notes for PCB layout C3:0.47uF R2:1kΩ R1:4kΩ 4 INV STBY 5 L1:100uH C1:100uF OUT 2 1 VCC C2:4.7uF GND 3 5.0V D1 C4:680uF Fig.3 • Place capacitors between Vcc and Ground, and the Schottky diode as close as possible to the IC to reduce noise and maximize efficiency. • Connect resistors between INV and Ground, and the output capacitor filter at the same Ground potential in order to stabilize the output voltage. (If the patterning is longer or thin, it’s possible to cause ringing or waveform crack.) www.rohm.com © 2009 ROHM Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 4/12 2009.07 - Rev.A Technical Note BD9873CP-V5,BD9874CP-V5 ●Reference data BD9873CP-V5 100 VCC=12V 180 5 80 VCC=12V 60 VCC=36V VCC=8V 50 40 160 140 4 120 Ta=85℃ 3 100 2 30 20 Freg [kHz] 70 Vpinvo [V] 効率 [%] 200 6 Ta=25℃ 90 Ta=-40℃ 10 20 0 0 0 0.5 1 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 1.5 -40 Fig.4 Efficiency-Load Current 0 20 80 100 10 OUT=5V 7 5.1 60 Fig.6 Switching Frequency-Temperature 8 VCC=12V 40 Ta [℃] Fig.5 Over Current Protection 5.15 STB=3V 9 8 6 7 5.05 Ta=85℃ 5 4 ICC [mA] 5 Ta=25℃ 3 4.95 5 3 1 0 0.5 1 1.5 Ta=-40℃ 2 Ta=-40℃ 4.85 Ta=25℃ 4 Ta=85℃ 2 Ta=-40℃ 4.9 Ta=85℃ 6 PINVO [V] Ta=25℃ PINVO [V] -20 Ipinvo [A] IOUT [A] 1 0 0 0 5 10 IOUT [A] 15 20 25 30 5 35 10 15 Fig.8 Output voltage-Supply voltage 3 20 25 30 35 VCC [V] VCC [V] Fig.7 Output voltage- Load Current Fig.9 Circuit current-Supply voltage Iout=No Load 1.1 200 VCC=12V OUT=5V VCC=12V 1.08 2.5 1.06 150 1.04 Ta=85℃ Fosc [kHz] Ta=150℃ 1.5 Ta=25℃ 1 1.02 OFFSET [V] 2 △VCC_OUT[V] 60 40 Ta=25℃ 1 80 100 Ta=25℃ Ta=-40℃ 0.96 50 0.94 Ta=-40℃ 0.5 1 0.98 0.92 0 0.9 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 IO[A] 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 -40 -20 0 Fig10 V(VCC-OUT)-Iout Fig.11 Switching Frequency - Supply lt 5msec / div 20 40 60 80 100 Ta [℃] VCC [V] Fig.12 INV Pin Threshold voltageTemperature 5msec / div 10 STBY 8 VOUT 500mV / div VOUT 2V / div ICC(STB) [μA] 5V / div 6 4 2 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ta [℃] Fig.13 Load Response www.rohm.com © 2009 ROHM Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Fig.14 Start-up waveform 5/12 Fig.15 ICC(STB)-Ta 2009.07 - Rev.A Technical Note BD9873CP-V5,BD9874CP-V5 ●Reference data BD9874CP-V5 100 VCC=12V 180 5 80 60 160 VCC=8V 140 4 120 Vpinvo [V] VCC=12V VCC=36V 50 40 Freg [kHz] 70 効率 [%] 200 6 Ta=25℃ 90 100 3 Ta=85℃ Ta=-40℃ 2 30 Ta=25℃ 20 60 40 1 10 80 20 0 0 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 0 1 2 IOUT [A] 3 4 5 -40 6 Fig.16 Efficiency - Load Current 20 60 80 100 t 10 OUT=5V 7 5.1 40 Fig.18 Switching T F 8 VCC=12V STB=3V 9 8 6 5.05 7 5 PINVO [V] 4 5 4.95 3 Ta=25℃ 2 Ta=85℃ 4 3 1 0 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 3 Ta=-40℃ 2 1 4.85 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 35 10 15 Fig.20 Output voltage-Supply voltage 3 20 25 30 35 VCC [V] VCC [V] IOUT [A] Fig.19 Output voltage - Load Current Ta=85℃ 5 Ta=-40℃ Ta=-40℃ 4.9 Ta=25℃ 6 ICC [mA] Ta=85℃ Ta=25℃ Fig.21 Circuit current-Supply voltage Iout= No Load 1.1 200 VCC=12V OUT=5V VCC=12V 1.08 2.5 1.06 150 2 1.04 Ta=85℃ Fosc [kHz] 1.5 Ta=25℃ 1 OFFSET [V] 1.02 Ta=-40℃ 100 Ta=25℃ Ta=-40℃ 0.96 50 0.5 0.94 Ta=150℃ 0.92 0 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 1 0.98 3.0 IO[A] 0.9 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 -40 -20 0 20 VCC [V] Fig.22 V(VCC-OUT)-Iout Fig.23 Switching Frequency - Supply voltage 5msec / div 10 STBY 8 VOUT 500mV / div 60 80 100 Fig.24 INV Pin Threshold voltageTemperature 5msec / div 5V / div VOUT 40 Ta [℃] ICC(STB) [μA] PINVO [V] 0 Ta [℃] Fig.17 Over Current Protection 5.15 △VCC_OUT[V] -20 Ipinvo [A] 6 4 2 2V / div 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ta [℃] Fig.25 Load Response www.rohm.com © 2009 ROHM Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Fig.26 Start-up waveform 6/12 Fig.27 ICC (STB)-Ta 2009.07 - Rev.A Technical Note BD9873CP-V5,BD9874CP-V5 ●Application component selection and settings Inductor L1 A large inductor series impedance will result in deterioration of efficiency. OCP operation greater than 1.6A may cause inductor overheating, possibly leading to overload or output short. Note that the current rating for the coil should be higher than IOUT(MAX)+⊿IL. Iout(MAX): maximum load current If you flow more than maximum current rating, coil will become overload, and cause magnetic saturation, and those account for efficiency deterioration. Select from enough current rating of coil which doesn’t over peak current. ⊿IL. = (VCC-VOUT) L1 VOUT × VCC × 1 fosc L1:inductor value, VCC:maximum input voltage, VOUT:output voltage, ⊿IL:coil ripple current value, fosc:oscillation frequency Schottky Diode D1 Select a Schottky diode having an inter-terminal capacity as small as possible (reverse recovery time as short as possible) and a forward voltage VF as low as possible. (Noise can be reduced and efficiency improved by reduction of switching noise and switching loss, as well as reduction of voltage drop loss of forward voltage.) Diode should be selected on the basis of maximum current rating in forward direction, voltage rating in reverse direction, and power dissipation of diode. ・The maximum current rating is higher than the combined maximum load current and coil ripple current (⊿IL). ・The reverse voltage rating is higher than the VIN value. ・Power dissipation for the selected diode must be within the rated level. The power dissipation of the diode is expressed by the following formula: Pdi=Iout(MAX)×Vf×(1-VOUT/VCC) Iout(MAX): maximum load current, Vf: forward voltage, VOUT: output voltage, VCC: input voltage Output Capacitor C4 A suitable output capacitor should satisfy the following formula for ESR: ESR≦⊿VL/⊿IL ⊿VL : permissible ripple voltage, ⊿IL : coil ripple current Another factor that must be considered is the permissible ripple current. Select a capacitor with sufficient margin, governed by the following formula: IRMS =⊿IL/2√3 IRMS: effective value of ripple current to the output capacitor, ⊿IL : coil ripple current The output capacitor is one of the important parts for system stability, and when some capacitor is selected, expected characteristics cannot be provided, depending on ambient temperature, output voltage setting condition, etc. Fully confirm ESR, temperature characteristics, DC, and bias characteristics before evaluation. Intput Capacitor C1,C2 The input capacitor is the source of current flow to the coil via the built-in Pch FET when the FET is ON. When selecting the input capacitor sufficient margin must be provided to accommodate capacitor voltage and permissible ripple current. The expression below defines the effective value of the ripple current to the input capacitor. It should be used in determining the suitability of the capacitor in providing sufficient margin for the permissible ripple current. IRMS=IOUT×√(1-VOUT / VCC)×VOUT / VCC IRMS : effective value of the ripple current to the input capacitor IOUT : output load current, VOUT: output voltage, VCC: input voltage www.rohm.com © 2009 ROHM Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 7/12 2009.07 - Rev.A Technical Note BD9873CP-V5,BD9874CP-V5 Capacitor C3 C3 is for compensating the stability of application frequency characteristics. When C3 is not available, overshoot or undershoot is possible in starting or in rapid change of load. Be sure to insert 0.47 μF. Resistor R1,R2 These resistors determine the output voltage: VOUT=1.0V×(1 + R1/R2) Select resistors less than 10kΩ. BD9873CP-V5 <Recommended Components (Example)> Inductor Schottky Diode Capacitor L1=100uH : RCR1616(SUMIDA) D1=RB050LA-40(ROHM) C1=100uF : Al electric capacitor C2=4.7uF : Laminated ceramic capacitor C3=0.47μF : Laminated ceramic capacitor C4=680μF : Al electric capacitor BD9874CP-V5 <Recommended Components (Example)> Inductor Schottky Diode Capacitor L1=RCR1616(SUMIDA) D1=RB050LA-40(ROHM) C1=100uF : Al electric capacitor C2=4.7uF : Laminated ceramic capacitor C3=0.47μF : Laminated ceramic capacitor C4=680μF : Al electric capacitor www.rohm.com © 2009 ROHM Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 8/12 2009.07 - Rev.A Technical Note BD9873CP-V5,BD9874CP-V5 ●Power Dissipation 15 (1) No heat sink POWER DISSIPATION : Pd [W] (2) Aluminum heat sink 50×50×2(mm3) (3) 11.0W (3) Aluminum heat sink 10 100×100×2(mm3) (2) 6.5W 5 (1) 2.0W 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE : Ta[C] AMBIENT TEMPERATURE : Ta[℃] 150 Fig.28 ●Tj (tip junction temperature) calculating method It is impossible to measure the tip junction temperature Tj outside the IC, but it can be calculated by the formula shown below. Calculation method of tip junction temperature Tj Tj=(W×θj-c)+Tc W θj-c :Power consumed by IC (calculated by the formula below) :Thermal resistance from the tip to the back of the package 12.5 ºC/W for TO220 package Tc :IC surface temperature (to be measured by thermocouple, etc.) Calculation method of electric power W consumed by IC W=Vin×Iin-VOUT×IOUT-VF×IOUT×(1-VOUT/Vin) Vin Iin VOUT IOUT VF www.rohm.com © 2009 ROHM Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. : : : : : 9/12 Input voltage Input voltage Output voltage Load Current Forward voltage of Schottky diode 2009.07 - Rev.A Technical Note BD9873CP-V5,BD9874CP-V5 ●I/O Equivalent Circuit 1Pin,FIN (VCC, GND) 2pin (OUT) 4pin (INV) 5pin (STBY) VCC VCC VCC STBY VCC OUT INV GND www.rohm.com © 2009 ROHM Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 10/12 2009.07 - Rev.A Technical Note BD9873CP-V5,BD9874CP-V5 ●Operation Notes 1) Absolute maximum ratings Use of the IC in excess of absolute maximum ratings such as the applied voltage or operating temperature range may result in IC deterioration or damage. Assumptions should not be made regarding the state of the IC (short mode or open mode) when such damage is suffered. A physical safety measure such as a fuse should be implemented when use of the IC in a special mode where the absolute maximum ratings may be exceeded is anticipated. 2) GND potential Ensure a minimum GND pin potential in all operating conditions. In addition, ensure that no pins other than the GND pin carry a voltage lower than or equal to the GND pin, including during actual transient phenomena. 3) Thermal design Use a thermal design that allows for a sufficient margin in light of the power dissipation (Pd) in actual operating conditions. 4) Inter-pin shorts and mounting errors Use caution when orienting and positioning the IC for mounting on printed circuit boards. Improper mounting may result in damage to the IC. Shorts between output pins or between output pins and the power supply and GND pin caused by the presence of a foreign object may result in damage to the IC. 5) Operation in a strong electromagnetic field Use caution when using the IC in the presence of a strong electromagnetic field as doing so may cause the IC to malfunction. 6) Thermal shutdown circuit (TSD circuit) This IC incorporates a built-in thermal shutdown circuit (TSD circuit). The TSD circuit is designed only to shut the IC off to prevent runaway thermal operation. Do not continue to use the IC after operating this circuit or use the IC in an environment where the operation of the thermal shutdown circuit is assumed. 7) Testing on application boards When testing the IC on an application board, connecting a capacitor to a pin with low impedance subjects the IC to stress. Always discharge capacitors after each process or step. Ground the IC during assembly steps as an antistatic measure, and use similar caution when transporting or storing the IC. Always turn the IC's power supply off before connecting it to or removing it from a jig or fixture during the inspection process. 8) Common impedance Power supply and ground wiring should reflect consideration of the need to lower common impedance and minimize ripple as much as possible (by making wiring as short and thick as possible or rejecting ripple by incorporating inductance and capacitance). 9) Applications with modes that reverse VCC and pin potentials may cause damage to internal IC circuits. For example, such damage might occur when VCC is shorted with the GND pin while an external capacitor is charged. It is recommended to insert a diode for preventing back current flow in series with VCC or bypass diodes between VCC and each pin. 10) IC pin input This monolithic IC contains P+ isolation and PCB layers between adjacent elements in order to keep them isolated. P/N junctions are formed at the intersection of these P layers with the N layers of other elements to create a variety of parasitic elements. For example, when a resistor and transistor are connected to pins as shown in following chart, the P/N junction functions as a parasitic diode when GND > (Pin A) for the resistor or GND > (Pin B) for the transistor (NPN). Similarly, when GND > (Pin B) for the transistor (NPN), the parasitic diode described above combines with the N layer of other adjacent elements to operate as a parasitic NPN transistor. The formation of parasitic elements as a result of the relationships of the potentials of different pins is an inevitable result of the IC's architecture. The operation of parasitic elements can cause interference with circuit operation as well as IC malfunction and damage. For these reasons, it is necessary to use caution so that the IC is not used in a way that will trigger the operation of parasitic elements, such as by the application of voltages lower than the GND (PCB) voltage to input and output pins. Transistor Resistance Back current prevention diode B ~ ( PinA ) C ( PinB ) N VCC P N P + P N P substrate P + N + www.rohm.com © 2009 ROHM Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. GND Fig.29 11/12 ( PinA ) E Parasitic diode Parasitic diode GND P P N P substrate N Output Pin Parasitic diode ~ Bypass diode GND + ( Pin B ) N B C E GND GND Other adjacent components Parasitic diode 2009.07 - Rev.A Technical Note BD9873CP-V5,BD9874CP-V5 ●Part order number B D 9 7 8 3 P ― Package Type/No. Part No. C CP-V5 : TO220CP-V5 V 5 E 2 Packaging and forming specification E2 : Embossed tape and reel TO220CP-V5 4.5±0.1 1.444 13.60 (1.0) 0.82±0.1 0.92 1.778 16.92 +0.2 2.8 -0.1 8.0 ± 0.2 12.0 ± 0.2 4.92 ± 0.2 1.0 ± 0.2 +0.4 15.2 -0.2 +0.3 φ3.2±0.1 10.0 -0.1 0.42±0.1 1.58 (2.85) 4.12 (Unit : mm) www.rohm.com © 2009 ROHM Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 12/12 2009.07 - Rev.A Catalog No.08T000A '08.11 ROHM © 1000 NZ Notice Notes No copying or reproduction of this document, in part or in whole, is permitted without the consent of ROHM Co.,Ltd. The content specified herein is subject to change for improvement without notice. The content specified herein is for the purpose of introducing ROHM's products (hereinafter "Products"). If you wish to use any such Product, please be sure to refer to the specifications, which can be obtained from ROHM upon request. Examples of application circuits, circuit constants and any other information contained herein illustrate the standard usage and operations of the Products. The peripheral conditions must be taken into account when designing circuits for mass production. Great care was taken in ensuring the accuracy of the information specified in this document. However, should you incur any damage arising from any inaccuracy or misprint of such information, ROHM shall bear no responsibility for such damage. The technical information specified herein is intended only to show the typical functions of and examples of application circuits for the Products. ROHM does not grant you, explicitly or implicitly, any license to use or exercise intellectual property or other rights held by ROHM and other parties. ROHM shall bear no responsibility whatsoever for any dispute arising from the use of such technical information. The Products specified in this document are intended to be used with general-use electronic equipment or devices (such as audio visual equipment, office-automation equipment, communication devices, electronic appliances and amusement devices). The Products specified in this document are not designed to be radiation tolerant. While ROHM always makes efforts to enhance the quality and reliability of its Products, a Product may fail or malfunction for a variety of reasons. Please be sure to implement in your equipment using the Products safety measures to guard against the possibility of physical injury, fire or any other damage caused in the event of the failure of any Product, such as derating, redundancy, fire control and fail-safe designs. ROHM shall bear no responsibility whatsoever for your use of any Product outside of the prescribed scope or not in accordance with the instruction manual. The Products are not designed or manufactured to be used with any equipment, device or system which requires an extremely high level of reliability the failure or malfunction of which may result in a direct threat to human life or create a risk of human injury (such as a medical instrument, transportation equipment, aerospace machinery, nuclear-reactor controller, fuel-controller or other safety device). ROHM shall bear no responsibility in any way for use of any of the Products for the above special purposes. If a Product is intended to be used for any such special purpose, please contact a ROHM sales representative before purchasing. If you intend to export or ship overseas any Product or technology specified herein that may be controlled under the Foreign Exchange and the Foreign Trade Law, you will be required to obtain a license or permit under the Law. Thank you for your accessing to ROHM product informations. More detail product informations and catalogs are available, please contact us. ROHM Customer Support System http://www.rohm.com/contact/ www.rohm.com © 2009 ROHM Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. R0039A