MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE

<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
PS21765 / PS21767 / PS21767-V
Table of contents
CHAPTER 1
Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 2
1.1 Target Applications ......................................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Product Line-up ...........................................................................................................................................................2
1.3 Functions and Features ...............................................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 2
SPECIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................. 4
2.1 Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 Specifications ................................................................................................................................4
2.1.1 Maximum Ratings ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.2 Thermal Resistance...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.3 Electric Characteristics (Power Part) ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.4 Electric Characteristics (Control Part) .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.5 Recommended Operating Conditions .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1.6 Mechanical Characteristics and Ratings ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Protective Functions and Operating Sequence ...........................................................................................................8
2.2.1 Short Circuit Protection ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
2.2.2 Control Supply UV Protection ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Package Outlines ...................................................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.1 Package Outline Drawing ............................................................................................................................................................................................11
2.3.2 Laser Marking ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
2.3.3 Terminal Description ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
2.4 Mounting Method .......................................................................................................................................................15
2.4.1 Electric Spacing .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.4.2 Mounting Method and Precautions ............................................................................................................................................................................ 15
2.4.3 Soldering Conditions .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM APPLICATION HIGHLIGHT ........................................................................................ 17
3.1 Application Guidance .................................................................................................................................................17
3.1.1 System connection ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
3.1.2 Interface Circuit (Direct Coupling Interface. One shunt) ............................................................................................................................................ 18
3.1.3 Interface Circuit (Opto-coupler Isolated Interface) ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.1.4 External SC Protection Circuit with Using Three Shunt Resistors ............................................................................................................................. 20
3.1.5 Circuits of Signal Input terminals and Fo Terminal ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.1.6 Snubber Circuit ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
3.1.7 Recommended Wiring method around Shunt Resistor ............................................................................................................................................. 23
3.1.8 Precaution for wiring on PCB ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
3.1.9 Parallel operation of DIPIPM ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
3.1.10 SOA of Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 26
3.1.11 SCSOA ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
3.1.12 Power Life Cycles ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
3.2 Power Loss and Thermal Dissipation Calculation......................................................................................................29
3.2.1 Power Loss Calculation .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
3.2.2 Temperature Rise Considerations and Calculation Example .................................................................................................................................... 31
3.3 Noise Withstand Capability ........................................................................................................................................32
3.3.1 Evaluation Circuit........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 32
3.3.2 Countermeasures and Precautions............................................................................................................................................................................ 32
3.3.3 Static Electricity Withstand Capability ........................................................................................................................................................................ 33
CHAPTER 4
KEY PARAMETERS SELECTING GUIDANCE .......................................................................... 34
4.1 Determination of Shunt Resistance ...........................................................................................................................34
4.2 Bootstrap Circuit Operation .......................................................................................................................................35
4.2.1 Bootstrap Circuit Operation ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 35
4.2.2 Bootstrap Supply Circuit Current at Switching State .................................................................................................................................................. 36
4.2.3 Note for designing the bootstrap circuit...................................................................................................................................................................... 36
CHAPTER 5 Interface Demo Board .................................................................................................................... 38
5.1 Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 Interface Demo Board .................................................................................................................38
5.2 Pattern Wiring ............................................................................................................................................................39
5.3 Circuit Schematic and Parts List ................................................................................................................................40
CHAPTER 6
PACKAGE HANDLING ................................................................................................................ 42
6.1 Packaging Specification.............................................................................................................................................42
6.2 Handling Precautions ................................................................................................................................................43
Publication Date : November 2012
1
<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
CHAPTER 1
Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Target Applications
Motor drives for household equipment such as air conditioners, hot water system and low power industrial
equipments.
1.2 Product Line-up
Table 1-1. Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 Line-up
Type Name
IGBT Rating
Motor Rating 1)
Isolation Voltage
V
iso = 2500Vrms
PS21765
20A/600V
1.5kW/220VAC
(Sine
60Hz, 1min
PS21767/-V 2)
30A/600V
2.2kW/220VAC
All shorted pins-heat sink)
Note 1: The motor ratings are simulation results under following conditions: VAC=220V, VD=VDB=15V, Tc=100°C,
Tj=125°C, fPWM=5kHz, P.F=0.8, motor efficiency=0.75, current ripple ratio=1.05, motor over load 150% 1min.
Note 2: PS21767-V is faster switching type.
1.3 Functions and Features
Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 is an ultra-small compact intelligent power module with transfer mold package favorable for
larger mass production. Power chips, drive and protection circuits are integrated in the module, which makes it
easy for AC100-200V class low power motor inverter control. Fig.1-1, Fig.1-2 and Fig.1-3 show the photograph,
internal cross-section structure and the circuit block diagram respectively.
One of the most important features of Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 is that realized higher thermal dissipation by built-in
thermal structure with high thermal conductive insulated sheet, due to which, the chip shrinking becomes possible
and therefore achieved super small package with lower temperature rise than previous DIPIPM.
Cu frame
Al wire
Epoxy mold
resin
Fig.1-1 Package photograph
FWDi
IGBT
IC
Insulated thermal
Au wire
radiating sheet
(Cu foil + insulated resin)
Fig.1-2 Internal cross-section structure
Publication Date : November 2012
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
DIPIPM
VUFB
VUFS
VP1
UP
P
HVIC1
VCC
VB
IN
HO
COM
VS
VVFB
VVFS
VP1
VP
VP
Di1
U
HVIC2
VCC
VB
IN
HO
COM
VS
VWFB
VWFS
VP1
IGBT1
IGBT2
Di2
V
HVIC3
VCC
VB
IN
HO
COM
VS
IGBT3
Di3
W
IGBT4
LVIC
Di4
UOUT
VN1
VCC
NU
IGBT5
Fo
Di5
Fo
VOUT
UN
UN
VN
VN
WN
WN
NV
IGBT6
Di6
W OUT
NW
VNO
VNC
GND
VNO
CIN
CIN
CFO
CFO
Fig.1-3 Internal circuit schematic
Features:
● For P-side IGBTs:
-Drive circuit;
-High voltage level shift circuit;
-Control supply under voltage (UV) lockout circuit (without fault signal output).
● For N-side IGBTs:
-Drive circuit;
-Short circuit (SC) protection circuit (by using external shunt resistor)
-Control supply under voltage (UV) lockout circuit (with fault signal output)
● Fault Signal Output
-Corresponding to N-side IGBT SC protection, N-side UV protection and OT.
● IGBT Drive Supply
-Single DC15V power supply.
● Control Input Interface
-Schmitt-triggered 3V,5V input compatible, high active logic.
● UL recognized
-UL1557 File E80276
Publication Date : November 2012
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
CHAPTER 2
SPECIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS
2.1 Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 Specifications
The Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 specifications are described below by using PS21767(30A/600V) as an example.
Please refer to respective datasheet for the detailed description of other types.
2.1.1 Maximum Ratings
The maximum ratings of PS21767 are shown in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1 Maximum Ratings of PS21767
Inverter Part:
Item
Supply voltage
Supply voltage (surge)
Collector-emitter voltage
Condition
Applied between P-NU,NV,NW
Applied between P-NU,NV,NW
Symbol
VCC
VCC(surge)
VCES
Rating
Unit
450
500
V
V
600
V
Each IGBT collector current
±IC
Tc=25°C
30
A
Each IGBT collector current (peak)
±ICP
Tc=25°C, less than 1ms
60
A
Collector dissipation
PC
Tc=25°C, per 1 chip
90.9
W
Junction temperature
Tｊ
-20~+150
°C
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Control (Protection) Part
Item
Control supply voltage
Symbol
VD
Control supply voltage
VDB
Input voltage
VIN
Fault output supply voltage
Fault output current
Current sensing input voltage
VFO
IFO
VSC
Condition
Applied between VP1-VNC,VN1-VNC
Applied between VUFB-VUFS,
VVFB-VVFS ,VWFB-VWFS
Applied between UP,VP,W P-VNC,
UN,VN,W N-VNC
Applied between Fo-VNC
Sink current at Fo terminal
Applied between CIN-VNC
Rating
20
Unit
V
20
V
-0.5~VD+0.5
V
-0.5~VD+0.5
1
-0.5~VD+0.5
V
mA
V
Rating
Unit
400
V
-20~+100
-40~+125
°C
°C
2500
Vrms
Total System
Item
Condition
VD=13.5~16.5V, Inverter part
Tj=125°C, non-repetitive
less than 2µs
(Note2)
Symbol
Supply voltage self protection limit
(short circuit protection capability)
VCC(PROT)
Module case operation temperature
Storage temperature
Tc
Tstg
Isolation voltage
Viso
60Hz, Sinusoidal, AC 1 minutes,
All connected pins to heat-sink plate
(6)
(Note1) Tc measurement position
Control terminals
DIPIPM
18mm
18mm
Groove
(7)
IGBT chip position
FWDi chip position
Tc point
Heat sink side
Power terminals
Item explanation:
(1) Vcc
The maximum voltage can be biased between P-N in the steady state. A voltage suppressing circuit such as a
brake circuit is necessary if P-N voltage exceeds this value.
(2) Vcc(surge) The maximum P-N surge voltage is generated in switching state. A snubber circuit is necessary if P-N voltage
exceeds Vcc(surge).
(3) VCES
The maximum sustained collector-emitter voltage of built-in IGBT and FWDi.
(4) +/-IC
The allowable DC current continuously can flow at Tc=25°C.
(5) Tj
The maximum junction temperature rating is 150°C.But for safe operation, it is recommended to limit the average
junction temperature up to 125°C. Repetive temperature variation ΔTj affects the life time of power cycle.
(6) Vcc(prot) The maximum supply voltage for IGBT when it can turn off safely in case of an SC fault. The power chip might be
damaged if supply voltage exceeds this rating.
(7) Tc position Due to the control schemes such different control between P and N-side, there is the possibility that highest Tc point
is different from above point. In such cases, it is necessary to change the measuring point to that under the highest
power chip.
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
2.1.2 Thermal Resistance
Table 2-2 shows the thermal resistance of PS21767.
Table 2-2 Thermal resistance of PS21767
Thermal Resistance :
Item
Junction to case thermal
resistance
Symbol
Condition
Rth(j-c)Q Inverter IGBT part (per 1/6 module)
（Note 2）
Rth(j-c)F
Inverter FWD part (per 1/6 module)
Min.
Typ.
Max.
-
-
1.1
2.8
Unit
K/W
（Note 2）Grease with good thermal conductivity and long-term quality should be applied evenly with +100μm~+200μm on the
contacting surface of DIPIPM and heat-sink. The contacting thermal resistance between DIPIPM case and heat sink (Rth(c-f))
is determined by the thickness and the thermal conductivity of the applied grease. For reference, Rth(c-f) (per 1/6 module) is
about 0.3K/W when the grease thickness is 20μm and the thermal conductivity is 1.0W/m·k
The above data shows the thermal resistance between chip junction and case at steady state. The
thermal resistance goes into saturation in about 10 seconds. The thermal resistance under 10s is called as
transient thermal impedance which is shown in Fig.2-1. Zth(j-c)* is the normalized value of the transient
thermal impedance. (Zth(j-c)*= Zth(j-c) / Rth(j-c)max)
For example, the IGBT transient thermal impedance of PS21767 in 0.2s is 1.1×0.8=0.88K/W.
The transient thermal impedance isn’t used for constantly current, but for short period current (ms order).
(e.g. In the cases at motor starting, at motor lock･･･)
Thermal impedance Zth(j-c)*
1.0
FWD
IGBT
0.1
0.01
0.1
Time(sec.)
1
10
Fig.2-1 Typical transient thermal impedance
2.1.3 Electric Characteristics (Power Part)
Table 2-3 shows the typical static characteristics and switching characteristics of PS21767.
Table 2-3 Static characteristics and switching characteristics of PS21767
Inverter Part
Item
Collector-emitter
saturation voltage
FWDi forward voltage
Switching times
Collector-emitter
cut-off current
Symbol
VCE(sat)
VEC
ton
trr
tc(on)
toff
tc(off)
ICES
Condition
VD=VDB=15V
Tj=25°C
IC=30A, VIN=5V
Tj=125°C
-IC=30A, VIN=0V
VCC=300V, VD=VDB=15V
IC=30A
Tｊ=125°C
Inductive load
VIN=0-5V
VCE=VCES
Tj=25°C
Tj=125°C
Min.
0.70
-
Typ.
1.60
1.70
1.50
1.30
0.30
0.50
1.50
0.40
-
Max.
2.10
2.20
2.00
1.90
0.80
2.10
0.60
1
10
Switching time definition and performance test method are shown in Fig.2-2 and 2-3.
Publication Date : November 2012
5
Unit
V
V
µs
mA
<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
trr
VCE
Irr
VB
VP1
V DB
P- Side IGBT
Ic
L
O UT
IN
VCIN(P)
90%
90%
VS
COM
A
P-Side Input Signal
VCC
B
10%
10%
10%
10%
VN1
VD
tc(on)
tc(off)
VCIN(N)
VCIN
td(on)
tr
( ton=td(on)+tr )
IN
VNC
td(off)
tf
( toff=td(off)+tf )
OUT
VNO
CIN
L
N- Side IGBT
N-Side Input Signal
Fig.2-2 Switching time definition
Fig.2-3 Evaluation circuit (inductive load)
Short A for N-side IGBT, and short B for P-side IGBT evaluation
t:200ns/div
Turn on
t:200ns/div
Turn off
Ic:10A/div
Ic:10A/div
VCE:100V/div
VCE:100V/div
Conditions : VCC=300V, VD=VDB=15V, Tj=125°C, Ic=30A, Inductive load half-bridge circuit
Fig.2-4 Typical switching waveform (PS21767)
2.1.4 Electric Characteristics (Control Part)
Table 2-4 Control (Protection) characteristics of PS21767
Control (Protection) Part:
Item
Circuit current
Fo output voltage
Short circuit trip level
Input current
Supply circuit undervoltage protection
Symbol
ID
VFOH
VFOL
VSC(ref)
IIN
UVDBt
UVDBr
UVDt
UVDr
tFO
Vth(on)
Vth(off)
Condition
VD=VDB=15V
Total of VP1-VNC,VN1-VNC
VIN=5V
VUFB-U, VVFB-V, VWFB-W
VD=VDB=15V
Total of VP1-VNC,VN1-VNC
VIN=0V
VUFB-VUFS,VVFB-VVFS,VWFB-VWFS
VSC=0V,Fo terminal pull-up to 5V by 10kΩ
VSC=1V, IFO=1mA
VD=15V
(Note3)
VIN=5V
Trip level
Tj≤125°C
Reset level
Trip level
Reset level
CFO=22nF
(Note4)
Applied between UP,VP,W P-VNC,
UN,VN,W N-VNC
Min.
4.9
0.43
1.0
10.0
10.5
10.3
10.8
1.0
0.8
Typ.
0.48
1.5
1.8
2.3
1.4
Max.
7.00
0.55
7.00
0.55
0.95
0.53
2.0
12.0
12.5
12.5
13.0
2.6
-
Unit
mA
V
V
mA
V
Fault output pulse width
ms
ON threshold voltage
OFF threshold voltage
V
ON/OFF threshold
Vth(hys)
0.5
0.9
hysteresis voltage
(Note 3) Short circuit protection is functioning only at the lower-arms. Please select the external shunt resistance such that
the SC trip-level is less than 2.0 times of the current rating.
(Note 4) Fault signal is output when the low-arms short circuit or control supply under-voltage protective functions works. The fault
output pulse-width tFO depends on the capacitance of CFO according to the following approximate equation :
-6
CFO= 12.2 × 10 × tFO [F]
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
2.1.5 Recommended Operating Conditions
The recommended operating conditions of PS21767 are given in Table 2-5.
Although these conditions are the recommended but not the necessary ones, it is highly recommended to
operate the modules within these conditions so as to ensure DIPIPM safe operation.
Table 2-5 Recommended operating conditions of PS21767
Recommended Operation Conditions
Item
Symbol
Supply voltage
Control supply voltage
VCC
VD
Control supply voltage
VDB
Control supply variation
Arm-shoot-through blocking time
PWM input frequency
Output r.m.s. current
∆VD, ∆VDB
tdead
fPWM
IO
Recommended
Max.
Min.
Typ.
0
300
400
15.0
13.5
16.5
Applied between P-NU,NV,NW
Applied between VP1-VNC,VN1-VNC
Applied between
VUFB-VUFS,VVFB-VVFS,VWFB-VWFS
For each input signal, Tc≤100°C
Tc≤100°C, Tj≤125°C
VCC=300V, VD=VDB=15V,
P.F=0.8,
fPWM=5kHz
sinusoidal PWM,
Tj≤125°C, Tc≤100°C
(Note 7) fPWM=15kHz
PWIN(on)
(Note 8)
PWIN(off)
Below rated
current
Between rated
current and
1.7 times of
rated current
Between 1.7
times and 2.0
times of rated
current
Minimum input pulse width
VNC
VNC voltage variation
Condition
200V≤VCC≤350V,
13.5V≤VD≤16.5V,
13.0V≤VDB≤18.5V,
-20°C≤Tc≤100°C,
N-line wiring inductance
less than 10nH
（Note 9）
Between VNC-NU,NV,NW
(including surge)
Unit
V
V
13.0
15.0
18.5
V
-1
2.0
-
-
1
20
V/μs
μs
kHz
-
-
21
-
-
16
0.3
-
-
1.5
-
-
3.0
-
-
3.6
-
-
-5.0
-
5.0
Arms
μs
V
Tｊ
Junction temperature
-20
125
°C
(Note 7) The allowable r.m.s. current value depends on the actual application conditons.
(Note 8) Input signal with ON pulse width less than PWIN(on) might make no response.
(Note 9) IPM might make delayed response (less than about 2μs) or no response for the input signal with off pulse width less than
PWIN(off). Please refer below about delayed responce.
About Delayed Response Against Shorter Input Off Signal Than PWIN(off) (P side only)
P Side Control Input
Internal IGBT Gate
Output Current Ic
t2
t1
Real line…off pulse width＞PWIN(off); turn on time t1
Broken line…off pulse width＜PWIN(off); turn on time t2
About control supply variation
If high frequency noise superimposed to the control supply line, IC malfunction might happen and cause DIPIPM
erroneous operation. To avoid such problem happens, line ripple voltage should meet the following specifications:
dV/dt ≤ +/-1V/μs, Vripple≤2Vp-p
Publication Date : November 2012
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
2.1.6 Mechanical Characteristics and Ratings
The mechanical characteristics and ratings are shown in Table 2-6
Please refer to Section 2.4 for the detailed mounting instruction of Mini DIPIPM Ver.4.
Table 2-6 Mechanical characteristics and ratings of PS21767
Mechanical Characteristics and Ratings
Item
Mounting torque
Condition
Mounting screw: M3 (Note 5)
Recommended: 0.78N·m
Weight
Heat-sink flatness
(Note 5) Plain washers (ISO 7089~7094) are recommended.
(Note 6) Flatness measurement position:
(Note 6)
Min.
0.59
Typ.
−
Max.
0.98
Unit
N·m
−
21
−50
−
−
100
µm
g
12.78mm
Measurement position
+ -
4.65mm
13.5mm
23mm
Heat sink side
+
Heat sink side
2.2 Protective Functions and Operating Sequence
Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 has the protection function that are SC protection and UV protection. Their operating
principle and sequence are described below.
2.2.1 Short Circuit Protection
Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 uses external shunt resistor for the current detection as shown in Fig.2-5. The protection
circuit inside the IC captures the excessive large current by comparing the CIN voltage feedback from the shunt
with the referenced SC trip voltage, and perform protection automatically. The threshold voltage level of the SC
protection is 0.48V(typ.).
In case of SC protection happens, all the gates of N-side three phase IGBTs will be interrupted together with a
fault signal output.
To prevent DIPIPM erroneous protection due to the switching noise at normal operation and/or recovery
current, it is necessary to set an RC filter(time constant: 1.5μ ~ 2μs) to the CIN terminal input (Fig.2-5, 2-6). Also,
please make the pattern wiring around the shunt resistor as short as possible.
DIPIPM
Drive Circuit
Collect current Ic
P
P-side IGBTs
U
V
W
N-side IGBTs
SC protective level
SC protection external parts
Shunt resistor
N1
R
C
NU
NV
NW
Collector
current
Drive Circuit
0
CIN
VNC
2
Input pulse width tw (μs)
SC Protection
Fig.2-5 SC protecting circuit
Fig.2-6 Filter time constant setting
Publication Date : November 2012
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
SC protection (N-side only with the external shunt resistor and RC filter)
a1. Normal operation: IGBT ON and carrying current.
a2. Short circuit detection (SC trigger).
a3. IGBT gate hard interruption.
a4. IGBT turns OFF.
a5. Fo timer operation starts. The pulse width of the Fo signal is set by the external capacitor CFO.
a6. Input = “L”. IGBT OFF.
a7. Input = “H”. But IGBT is still OFF state during outputting Fo.
a8. IGBT turns ON when L→H signal is input after Fo is reset.
N-side control input
a6
Protection circuit state
a7
SET
Internal IGBT gate
RESET
a3
a2
SC
a8
a1
a4
Output current Ic
SC reference voltage
Sense voltage of
the shunt resistor
RC circuit time constant delay
Fault output Fo
a5
Fig.2-7 SC protection timing chart
2.2.2 Control Supply UV Protection
The UV protection is designed to prevent unexpected operating behavior as described in Table 2-7.
Both P-side and N-side have UV protecting function. However, fault signal (Fo) output only corresponds to
N-side UV protection. Fo output continuously during UV state.
In addition, there is a noise filter (typ. 10μs) integrated in the UV protection circuit to prevent instantaneous
UV erroneous trip. Therefore, the control signals are still transferred in the initial 10μs after UV happened.
Table 2-7 DIPIPM operating behavior versus control supply voltage
Control supply voltage
Operating behavior
Equivalent to zero power supply.
UV function is inactive, no Fo output.
Normally IGBT does not work. But, external noise may cause DIPIPM
0-4.0V (P, N)
malfunction (turns ON), so DC-link voltage need to turn on after
control supply turning on.
UV function becomes active and output Fo (N-side only).
4.0-UVDt (N), UVDBt (P)
Even if control signals are applied, IGBT does not work
IGBT can work. However, conducting loss and switching loss will
UVDt (N)-13.5V
UVDBt (P)-13.0V
increase, and result extra temperature rise at this state,.
13.5-16.5V (N), 13.0-18.5V (P)
Recommended conditions.
IGBT works. However, switching speed becomes fast and saturation
16.5-20.0V (N),18.5-20.0V (P)
current becomes large at this state, increasing SC broken risk.
20.0V- (P, N)
The control circuit will be destroyed.
Note: UV fault signals are asserted only for VD supply.
Ripple Voltage Limitation of Control Supply
If high frequency noise superimposed to the control supply line, IC malfunction might happen and cause
DIPIPM erroneous operation. To avoid such problem, line ripple voltage should meet the following
specifications:
dV/dt ≤ +/-1V/μs, Vripple≤2Vp-p
Publication Date : November 2012
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<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
N-side UV Protection Sequence
b1. Control supply voltage V D rises: After VD level reaches under voltage reset level (UVDr),
the circuits start to operate when next input is applied.
b2. Normal operation: IGBT turn on and carry current.
b3. VD level falls to under voltage trip level. (UVDt).
b4. All N-side IGBTs turn OFF in spite of control input condition.
b5. Fo is output for the period determined by the capacitance CFO but continuously during UV period.
b6. VD level rises to UVDr.
b7. Normal operation: IGBT turn on and carry current.
Control input
Protection circuit state
RESET
SET
RESET
b1
Control supply voltage VD
UVDr
b6
UVDt
b3
b4
b2
b7
Output current Ic
b5
Fault output Fo
Fig.2-8 Timing chart of N-side UV protection
P-side UV Protection Sequence
c1. Control supply voltage rises: After the voltage level reaches UVDBr, the circuits start to operate.
c2. Normal operation: IGBT turns on and carry current.
c3. VDB level falls to under voltage trip level (UVDBt).
c4. P-side IGBT turns OFF in spite of control input signal level, but there is no Fo signal output.
c5. VDB level rises to UVDBr.
c6. Normal operation: IGBT turns on and carries current.
Control input
Protection circuit state
RESET
Control supply voltage VDB
UVDBr
c1
SET
UVDBt
RESET
c5
c3
c4
c2
c6
Output current Ic
Fault output Fo
High-level (no fault output)
Fig.2-9 Timing Chart of P-side UV protection
Publication Date : November 2012
10
<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
2.3 Package Outlines
2.3.1 Package Outline Drawing
Fig.2-10 Package outline drawing
Publication Date : November 2012
11
<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
2.3.2 Laser Marking
The laser marking specification of Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 is described in Fig.2-11. Mitsubishi Corporation mark,
Type name, Lot number, and QR code mark are marked in the upper side of module.
*1) `JAPAN` marking is not printed for products of .
*2) QR Code is registered trademark of DENSO WAVE INCORPORATED in JAPAN and other countries.
Fig.2-11 Laser marking view
The Lot number indicates production year, month, and running number.
The detailed is described as below.
(1) Products of JAPAN
(Example)
1 2 A A1
Running number
Product month (however O: October, N: November, D: December)
Last figure of Product year (e.g. '1' in the case of 2011)
(2) Products of CHINA
(Example)
H 1 2 A A1
Running number
Product month (however O: October, N: November, D: December)
Last figure of Product year (e.g. '1' in the case of 2011)
Factory Identification
Publication Date : November 2012
12
<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
2.3.3 Terminal Description
Table 2-8 Terminal description
Terminal Terminal
Description
No.
Name
1
VUFS
U-phase P-side drive supply GND terminal
2
UPG
Dummy-pin
3
VUFB
U-phase P-side drive supply positive terminal
4
VP1
U-phase P-side control supply positive terminal
5
COM
Dummy-pin
6
UP
U-phase P-side control input terminal
7
VVFS
V-phase P-side drive supply GND terminal
8
VPG
Dummy-pin
9
VVFB
V-phase P-side drive supply positive terminal
10
VP1
V-phase P-side control supply positive terminal
11
COM
Dummy-pin
12
VP
V-phase P-side control input terminal
13
VWFS
W-phase P-side drive supply GND terminal
14
WPG
Dummy-pin
15
VWFB
W-phase P-side drive supply positive terminal
16
VP1
W-phase P-side control supply positive terminal
17
COM
Dummy-pin
18
WP
W-phase P-side control input terminal
19
UNG
Dummy-pin
20
VNO
N-side IGBT gate signal referenced GND terminal
21
UN
U-phase N-side control input terminal
22
VN
V-phase N-side control input terminal
23
WN
W-phase N-side control input terminal
24
FO
Fault signal output terminal
25
CFO
Fault pulse output width setting terminal
26
CIN
SC current trip voltage detecting terminal
27
VNC
N-side control supply GND terminal
28
VN1
N-side control supply positive terminal
29
WNG
Dummy-pin
30
VNG
Dummy-pin
31
NW
WN-phase IGBT emitter
32
NV
VN-phase IGBT emitter
33
NU
UN-phase IGBT emitter
34
W
W-phase output terminal
35
V
V-phase output terminal
36
U
U-phase output terminal
37
P
Inverter DC-link positive terminal
38
NC
No connection
Note) Dummy pin has some potential like gate voltage.
Don’t connect all dummy-pins to any other terminals or PCB pattern.
Publication Date : November 2012
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<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
Table 2-9 Detailed description of input and output terminals
Item
Symbol
Description
• Drive supply terminals for P-side IGBTs.
• By virtue of applying the bootstrap circuit scheme, individual isolated power
supplies are not needed for the DIPIPM P-side IGBT drive. Each bootstrap
capacitor is charged by the N-side VD supply during ON-state of the
P-side drive supply
positive terminal
corresponding N-side IGBT in the loop.
VUFB- VUFS
• Abnormal operation might happen if the VD supply is not aptly stabilized or
VVFB- VVFS
has insufficient current capability. In order to prevent malfunction caused by
VWFB- VWFS
P-side drive supply
such unstability as well as noise and ripple in supply voltage, a bypass
GND terminal
capacitor with favorable frequency and temperature characteristics should
be mounted very closely to each pair of these terminals.
• Inserting a Zener diode (24V/1W) between each pair of control supply
terminals is helpful to prevent control IC from surge destruction.
• Control supply terminals for the built-in HVIC and LVIC.
• In order to prevent malfunction caused by noise and ripple in the supply
P-side control
voltage, a bypass capacitor with good frequency characteristics should be
supply terminal
mounted very closely to these terminals.
VP1
• Design the supply carefully so that the voltage ripple caused by operation
VN1
N-side control
keep within the specification. (dV/dt ≤ +/-1V/μs, Vripple≤2Vp-p)
supply terminal
• It is recommended to insert a Zener diode (24V/1W) between each pair of
control supply terminals to prevent surge destruction.
• Control ground terminal for the built-in HVIC and LVIC.
N-side control
VNC
• Ensure that line current of the power circuit does not flow through this
GND terminal
terminal in order to avoid noise influences.
VNO terminal
VNO
• The terminal for N-side IGBT gate signal reference.
• Control signal input terminals.
• Voltage input type. These terminals are internally connected to Schmitt
trigger circuit and pulled down by min 2.5kΩ resistor internally
UP,VP,W P
Control input
• The wiring of each input should be as short as possible to protect the
terminal
DIPIPM from noise interference.
UN,VN,W N
• Use RC coupling in case of signal oscillation. Pay attention to threshold
voltage of input terminal, because input circuit has pull down resistor.
Short-circuit trip
• For short circuit protection, input the potential of external shuint resistor to
voltage detecting
CIN
CIN terminal through RC filter (for the noise immunity).
• The time constant of RC filter is recommended to be up to 2μs.
terminal
• Fault signal output terminal.
Fault signal output
• Fo signal line should be pulled up to the logic supply. (In the case pulling up
FO
to 5V supply, over 5kΩ resistor is needed for limitting the Fo sink current IFo
terminal
up to 1mA. Normally 10kΩ is recommended.)
• The terminal is for setting the fault pulse output width.
Fault pulse output
• An external capacitor should be connected between this terminal and VNC.
width setting
CFO
• When 22nF is connected, then the Fo pulse width becomes 1.8ms.
terminal
CFO (F) = 12.2 × 10-6 × tFO (Required Fo pulse width)
• DC-link positive power supply terminal.
• Internally connected to the collectors of all P-side IGBTs.
Inverter DC-link
• To suppress surge voltage caused by DC-link wiring or PCB pattern
P
inductance, smoothing capacitor should be inserted very closely to the P
positive terminal
and N terminal. It is also effective to add small film capacitor with good
frequency characteristics.
• Open emitter terminal of each N-side IGBT
Inverter DC-link
NU,NV,NW • Usually, these terminals are connected to the power GND through individual
negative terminal
shunt resistor.
• Inverter output terminals for connection to inverter load (e.g. AC motor).
Inverter power
U, V, W
• Each terminal is internally connected to the intermidiate point of the
output terminal
corresponding IGBT half bridge arm.
Note: 1) Use oscilloscope to check voltage waveform of each power supply terminals and P&N terminals, the time division of OSC
should be set to about 1μs/div. Please ensure the voltage (including surge) not exceed the specified limitation.
Publication Date : November 2012
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<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
2.4 Mounting Method
This section shows the electric spacing and assembling precautions of Mini DIPIPM Ver.4.
2.4.1 Electric Spacing
The electric spacing specification of Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 is shown in Table 2-10
Table 2-10 Minimum insulation distance of Mini DIPIPM Ver.4
Clearance(mm)
Between power terminals
Between control terminals
Between terminals and heat sink
4.0
2.5
3.0
Creepage(mm)
4.0
6.0
4.0
Between power terminals
Between control terminals
Between terminals and heat sink
2.4.2 Mounting Method and Precautions
When installing the module to the heat sink, excessive or uneven fastening force might apply stress to inside
chips. Then it will lead to a broken or degradation of the device. The recommended fastening procedure is
shown in Fig.2-12. When fastening, it is necessary to use the torque wrench and fasten up to the specified
torque. Also, pay attention not to have any desert remaining on the contact surface between the module and the
heat sink.
(2)
(1)
Temporary fastening
(1)(2)
Permanent fastening
(1)(2)
Note: Generally, the temporary fastening torque is
set to 20-30% of the maximum torque rating.
Not care the order of fastening (1) or (2), but need
to fasten alternately.
Fig.2-12 Recommended screw fastening order
Table 2-12 Mounting torque and heat sink flatness specifications
Item
Condition
Mounting torque
Recommended 0.78N·m, Screw : M3
Flatness of outer heat sink Refer Fig.2-13
Min.
0.59
Typ.
-
Max.
0.98
Unit
N·m
-50
-
+100
μm
Note: Recommend to use plain washer (ISO7089-7094) in fastening the screws.
Measurement part
for heat sink flatness
+
-
- +
Measurement part
for heat sink flatness
Outer heat sink
Fig.2-13 Measurement point of heat sink flatness
In order to get effective heat dissipation, it is necessary to keep the contact area as large as possible to minimize
the contact thermal resistance. Regarding the heat sink flatness (warp, concavity and convexity) on the module
installation surface, the surface finishing-treatment should be within Rz12.
Evenly apply thermally conductive grease with 100μ-200μm thickness over the contact surface between the
module and the heat sink, which is also useful for preventing corrosion. The contacting thermal resistance
between DIPIPM case and heat sink Rth(c-f) is determined by the thickness and the thermal conductivity of the
applied grease. For reference, Rth(c-f) is about 0.3°C/W (per 1/6 module, grease thickness: 20μm, thermal
conductivity: 1.0W/m·k). When applying grease and fixing heat sink, pay attention not to take air into grease. It
might lead to make contact thermal resistance worse or loosen fixing in operation.
Publication Date : November 2012
15
<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
2.4.3 Soldering Conditions
The recommended soldering condition is mentioned as below.
(Note: The reflow soldering cannot be recommended for DIPIPM.)
(1) Flow (wave) Soldering
DIPIPM is tested on the condition described in Table 2-12 about the soldering thermostability, so the
recommended conditions for flow (wave) soldering are soldering temperature is up to 265°C and the
immersion time is within 11s. For pre-heat temperature, it is recommended to be below 125°C because of
the maximum storage temperature of DIPIPM is 125°C.
However, the condition might need some adjustment based on flow condition of solder, the speed of the
conveyer, the land pattern and the through hole shape on the PCB, etc.
It is necessary to confirm whether it is appropriate or not for your real PCB finally.
Table 2-12 Reliability test specification
Item
Condition
Soldering Thermostability
260±5°C, 10±1s
(2) Hand soldering
Since hand soldering condition depends on the soldering iron types (wattages, shape of soldering tip, etc.)
and the land pattern on PCB, the unambiguous condition of hand soldering cannot be decided.
As a general requirement of the temperature profile for hand soldering, the temperature of the root of the
DIPIPM terminal should be kept below 150°C for considering glass transition temperature (Tg) of the
package molding resin and the thermal withstand capability of internal chips. Therefore, it is necessary to
check the DIPIPM terminal root temperature, solderability and so on in your real PCB, when configure the
soldering temperature profile. (It is recommended to set the soldering time as short as possible.)
For reference, the evaluation example of hand soldering with 50W soldering iron is described as below.
[Evaluation method]
a. Sample: Mini DIPIPM Ver.4
b. Evaluation procedure
- Put the soldering tip of 50W iron (temperature set to 400°C) on the terminal within 1mm from the toe.
(The lowest heat capacity terminal (=control terminal) is selected.)
- Measure the temperature rise of the terminal root part by the thermocouple installed on the terminal root.
Soldering iron
Thermocouple
DIPIPM
Temp. of terminal root (°C)
1mm
200
150
100
50
0
0
5
10
15
Heating time (s)
Fig.2-14 Heating and measuring point
Fig.2-15 Temperature alteration of the terminal root (Typcal)
[Note]
For soldering iron, it is recommended to select one for semiconductor soldering (12~24V low voltage type,
and the earthed iron tip) and with temperature adjustment function.
Publication Date : November 2012
16
<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM APPLICATION HIGHLIGHT
3.1 Application Guidance
This chapter states the Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 application method and interface circuit design hints.
3.1.1 System connection
P-side input
C1: Electrolytic type with good temperature and frequency characteristics.
Note: the capacitance also depends on the PWM control strategy of the
application system
C2:0.22μ-2μF ceramic capacitor with good temperature, frequency and DC
bias characteristics
C3:0.1μ-0.22μF Film capacitor (for snubber)
D1: Bootstrap diode. High speed type with VRRM: over Vces(600V),
trr: up to 100ns
D2: Zener diode 24V/1W for surge absorber
Input signal
conditioning
Input signal
conditioning
Input signal
conditioning
Level shift
Level shift
Level shift
UV lockout
circuit
Drive circuit
UV lockout
circuit
Drive circuit
C1
D2
C2
D1
Bootstrap
circuit
UV lockout
circuit
Drive circuit
Inrush limiting circuit
DIPIPM
P
P-side IGBTs
AC line input
Noise filter
U
V
W
C3
Varistor
M
AC output
C
GDT
N
N1
N-side IGBTs
VNC
CIN
VNO
Drive circuit
C : AC filter(ceramic capacitor 2.2n -6.5nF)
(Common-mode noise filter)
Input signal conditioning
N-side input
Fo Logic
Fo
Protection
circuit (SC)
UV lockout
circuit
C2
D2
C1
CFO
Fo output
VNC
Fig.3-1 Application System block diagram of Mini DIPIPM Ver.4
Publication Date : November 2012
17
(15V line)
VD
<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
3.1.2 Interface Circuit (Direct Coupling Interface. One shunt)
Fig.3-2 shows a typical application circuit of interface schematic, in which control signals are transfered
directly from a controller (MCU or DSP).
VUFB(3)
D2
P(37)
IGBT1
+
Di1
VUFS(1)
C1 D1 C2
VP1(4)
HVIC
U(36)
C2
UP(6)
VVFB(9)
D2
IGBT2
+
Di2
VVFS(7)
C1 D1 C2
VP1(10)
HVIC
V(35)
C2
M
VP(12)
VWFB(15)
D2
IGBT3
+
Di3
VWFS(13)
C1 D1 C2
VP1(16)
HVIC
W(34)
MCU
C2
WP(18)
+
IGBT4
Di4
C3
UN(21)
NU (33)
VN(22)
IGBT5
WN(23)
Di5
5V
R2
NV (32)
Fo(24)
LVIC
CFO(25)
15V
VD
C1
IGBT6
Di6
NW(31)
VN1(28)
+
D1
C2
VNC(27)
C
VNO(20)
CIN(26)
B
C4
D
Shunt
resistor
R1
A
Control GND wiring
N1
Power GND wiring
Fig.3-2 Interface circuit example (Direct coupling interface with one shunt resistor)
Note:
(1) If control GND is connected with power GND by common broad pattern, it may cause malfunction by power GND fluctuation.
It is recommended to connect control GND and power GND at only a point N1 (near the terminal of shunt resistor).
(2) To prevent surge destruction, the wiring between the smoothing capacitor and the P, N1 terminals should be as short as possible.
Generally a 0.1μ-0.22μF snubber capacitor C3 between the P-N1 terminals is recommended.
(3) The time constant R1C4 of the protection circuit is recommended to be in the range of 1.5-2μs. SC interrupting time might vary
with the wiring pattern. Tight tolerance, temp-compensated type is recommended for R1, C4.
(4) All capacitors should be mounted as close to the terminals as possible. (C1: good temperature, frequency characteristic
electrolytic type and C2:0.22μ-2μF, good temperature, frequency and DC bias characteristic ceramic type are recommended.)
(5) It is recommended to insert a Zener diode D1(24V/1W) between each pair of control supply terminals to prevent surge destruction.
(6) The point D at which the wiring to CIN filter is divided should be near the terminal of shunt resistor.
(7) For shunt resistor, the variation within 1% (including temperature characteristics), low inductance SMD type is recommended.
(8) To prevent malfunction or surge destruction, the wiring of A, B, C should be as short as possible.
(9) Fo output is open drain type. It should be pulled up to control power supply (e.g. 5V) by a resistor that makes IFo up to 1mA.
(In the case pulling up to 5V supply, over 5kΩ resistor is needed. Normally 10kΩ is recommended.)
-6
(10) Fo pulse width can be set by the capacitor connected to CFO terminal. CFO(F) = 12.2 x 10 x tFO (Required Fo pulse width).
(11) High voltage (VRRM =600V or more) and fast recovery type (trr=100ns or less) diode D2 should be used for bootstrap circuit.
(12) Input drive is High-active type. There is a min. 2.5kΩ pull-down resistor in the input circuit of IC. To prevent malfunction, the wiring
of each input should be as short as possible. When using RC coupling circuit, make sure the input signal level meet the turn-on
and turn-off threshold voltage.Due to integrate the HVIC, direct coupling to MCU without isolation circuit is possible.
(13) If high frequency noise superimposed to the control supply line, IC malfunction might happen and cause DIPIPM erroneous
operation. To avoid such problem, line ripple voltage should meet dV/dt ≤+/-1V/μs, Vripple≤2Vp-p.
Publication Date : November 2012
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<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
3.1.3 Interface Circuit (Opto-coupler Isolated Interface)
5V
VUFB(3)
D2
P(37)
IGBT1
+
Di1
VUFS(1)
C1 D1 C2
VP1(4)
HVIC
U(36)
C2
UP(6)
VVFB(9)
D2
IGBT2
+
Di2
VVFS(7)
C1 D1 C2
VP1(10)
HVIC
V(35)
C2
M
VP(12)
VWFB(15)
D2
IGBT3
+
Di3
VWFS(13)
C1 D1 C2
VP1(16)
HVIC
W(34)
MCU
C2
WP(18)
+
IGBT4
Di4
C3
UN(21)
NU (33)
VN(22)
IGBT5
WN(23)
Di5
NV (32)
Fo(24)
LVIC
CFO(25)
15V
VD
+
C1
D1
IGBT6
Di6
NW(31)
VN1(28)
C2
VNC(27)
C
VNO(20)
CIN(26)
B
D
Shunt
resistor
R1
C4
A
Fig.3-3 Interface circuit example with opto-coupler
Note:
(1) High speed (high CMR) opto-coupler is recommended.
(2) Max. Fo terminal sink current is 1mA. A buffer circuit is necessary to drive an opto-coupler.
Publication Date : November 2012
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N1
<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
3.1.4 External SC Protection Circuit with Using Three Shunt Resistors
DIPIPM
Drive circuit
P
P-side IGBTs
U
V
W
N-side IGBTs
External protection circuit
Rf
C
NW
NV
NU
Protection circuit
Vref
5V
+
Rf
D
-
Cf
Vref
CIN
A
-
Cf
Drive circuit
VNC
B
Shunt
resistors
OR output
+
Rf
-
Cf
+
Comparators
(Open collector output type)
Vref
N1
Fig.3-4 Interface Circuit example
Note:
(1) It is necessary to set the time constant RfCf of external comparator input so that IGBT can stop within 2μs when short circuit occurs.
SC interrupting time might vary with the wiring pattern, comparator speed and so on.
(2) The threshold voltage Vref should be set up the same rating of short circuit trip level (Vsc(ref) typ. 0.48V).
(3) Select the shunt resistance so that SC trip-level is less than specified value.(2times of rating current for Mini DIPIPM Ver.4)
(4) To avoid malfunction, the wiring A, B, C should be as short as possible.
(5) The point D at which the wiring to comparator is divided should be near the terminal of shunt resistor.
(6) OR output high level should be over 0.53V (=maximum Vsc(ref)).
3.1.5 Circuits of Signal Input terminals and Fo Terminal
(1) Internal Circuit of Control Input Terminals
DIPIPM is high-active input logic.
Each input circuits of the DIPIPM has a
2.5kΩ(min) pull-down resistor as shown in
UP,VP,W P
Fig.3-5, so external pull-down resistor is not
needed.
Furthermore, by lowering the turn on and turn
off threshold value of input signal as shown in U ,V ,W
N N
N
Table 3-1, a direct coupling to 3V class
microcomputer or DSP becomes possible.
DIPIPM
1kΩ
Level Shift
Circuit
Gate Drive
Circuit
2.5kΩ (min)
1kΩ
Gate Drive
Circuit
2.5kΩ (min)
Fig.3-5. Internal structure of control input terminals
Table 3-1 Input threshold voltage ratings(VD=15V,Tj=25°C)
Item
Symbol
Condition
Turn-on threshold voltage
Vth(on)
UP,VP,W P-VNC terminals
Turn-off threshold voltage
Vth(off)
UN,VN,W N-VNC terminals
Threshold voltage hysterisis
Vth(hys)
Publication Date : November 2012
20
Min.
0.8
0.5
Typ.
2.3
1.4
0.9
Max.
2.6
-
Unit
V
<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
The wiring of each input should be patterned as short as possible. And if the pattern is long and the noise is
imposed on the pattern, it may be effective to insert RC filter.
5V
10kΩ
DIPIPM
UP,VP,WP,UN,VN,WN
MCU
Fo
VNC(Logic)
Fig.3-6 Control input connection
Note: The RC coupling (parts shown in the dotted line) at each input depends on user’s PWM control strategy and the wiring
impedance of the printed circuit board.
The DIPIPM signal input section integrates a 2.5kΩ(min) pull-down resistor. Therefore, when using an external filtering
resistor, please pay attention to the signal voltage drop at input terminal.
There are limits for the minimum input pulse width in the DIPIPM. The DIPIPM might make no response or
delayed response, if the input pulse width (both on and off) is shorter than the specified value. (Table 3-2)
Table 3-2 Allowable minimum input pulse width
Symbol
Condition
On
signal
Off
signal
PWIN(on)
-
200≤VCC≤350V,
13.5≤VD≤16.5V,
13.5≤V
DB≤18.5V,
PWIN(off)
-20≤TC≤100°C,
N line wiring inductance
less than 10nH
Up to rated current
From rated current
to 1.7times of rated
current
From 1.7 times to
2.0 times of rated
current
PN
PS21765
Min. value
0.3
PS21767
0.3
PS21765
1.4
PS21767
1.5
PS21765
2.5
PS21767
3.0
PS21765
3.0
PS21767
3.6
Unit
µs
*) Input signal with ON pulse width less than PWIN(on) might make no response.
IPM might make delayed response (less than about 2μs) or no response for the input signal with off pulse width less than
PWIN(off). Please refer below about delayed responce.
P Side Control Input
Internal IGBT Gate
Output Current Ic
t2
t1
Real line: off pulse width>PWIN(off); turn on time t1
Broken line: off pulse width<PWIN(off); turn on time t2
(t1:Normal switching time)
Fig.3-7 Delayed Response with shorter input off (P-side only)
Publication Date : November 2012
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<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
(2) Internal Circuit of Fo Terminal
FO terminal is open drain type, it should be pulled up to a 5V supply as shown in Fig.3-6. Fig.3-8 shows the
typical V-I characteristics of Fo output. The maximum sink current of Fo output is 1mA. If opto-coupler is applied
to this output, please pay attention to the opto-coupler driving current.
Table 3-3 Electric characteristics of Fo output
Item
Symbol
Condition
VFOH
VSC=0V,Fo=10kΩ,5V pulled-up
Fault output voltage
VFOL
VSC=1V,Fo=1mA
Min.
4.9
-
Typ.
-
0.30
0.25
VFo(V)
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
IFo(mA)
Fig.3-8 Fo terminal typical V-I characteristics (VD=15V, Tj=25°C)
Publication Date : November 2012
22
Max.
0.95
Unit
V
V
<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
3.1.6 Snubber Circuit
In order to prevent DIPIPM from extra surge destruction, the wiring length between the smoothing capacitor
and DIPIPM P-N terminals should be as short as possible. Also, a 0.1μ~0.22μF/630V snubber capacitor should
be mounted between P and N terminals close to DIPIPM.
There are two positions (1) or (2) to mount a snubber capacitor as shown in Fig.3-9. Snubber capacitor
should be installed in the position (2) so as to suppress surge voltage effectively. However, the charge and
discharge currents generated by the wiring inductance and the snubber capacitance will flow through the shunt
resistor, which might cause erroneous protection if this current is large enough.
In order to suppress the surge voltage maximally, the wiring at part-A (including shunt resistor parasitic
inductance) and part-B should be as small as possible. A better wiring example is shown in location (3).
DIPIPM
Wiring Inductance
P
(2)
(1)
+
(3)
A
N
Shunt resistor
Fig.3-9 Recommended snubber circuit location
3.1.7 Recommended Wiring method around Shunt Resistor
External shunt resistor is employed to detect short-circuit accident. A longer wiring between the shunt resistor
and DIPIPM might cause so much large surge that might damage built-in IC. To decrease the pattern inductance,
the wiring between the shunt and DIPIPM should be as short as possible and using low inductance type resistor
such as SMD resistor instead of long-lead type resistor.
It is recommended to make the inductance of this part
(including the shunt resistor) under 10nH.
For shunt resistor, it is recommended to use as low
inductance type as possible.
DIPIPM
e.g.
Inductance of copper pattern (width=3mm,length=17mm) is
about 10nH.
VNO
NU
Shunt resistor
NV
VNC
NW
Please make the GND wiring connection of
shunt resistor to the VNC terminal as close as
possible.
(a) Wiring instruction (For one shunt )
It is recommended to make the inductance of this part
(including the shunt resistor) under 10nH.
For shunt resistor, it is recommended to use as low
inductance type as possible.
e.g.
Inductance of copper pattern (width=3mm,length=17mm) is
about 10nH.
DIPIPM
VNO
NU
NV
VNC
NW
Shunt resistors
Please make the GND wiring connection of
shunt resistor to the VNC terminal as close as
possible.
(b) Wiring instruction (For three shunts)
Fig.3-10 Recommended wiring method of shunt resistor
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
Influence of pattern wiring around the shunt resistor is shown below.
Drive Circuit
DIPIPM
P
P-side IGBTs
U
V
W
SC protection external part
DC-bus current route
N-side IGBTs
B
NW
NV
NU
Drive Circuit
A
R2
C
CIN
C1
SC protection
VNC
Shunt
resistor
D
N1
Fig.3-11 External protection circuit
(1) Influence of the part-A wiring
The ground of Low-side IGBT gate is VNC. If part-A wiring pattern in Fig.3-11 is too long, extra voltage
generated by the wiring parasitic inductor will result the potential of IGBT emitter variation during switching
operation. Please install shunt resistor as close to the N terminal as possible.
(2) Influence of the part-B wiring
The part-B wiring affects SC protection level. SC protection works by judging the voltage of the CIN terminals.
If part-B wiring is too long, extra surge voltage generated by the wiring inductance will lead to deterioration of SC
protection level. It is necessary to connect CIN and VNC terminals directly to the two ends of shunt resistor and
avoid long wiring.
(3) Influence of the part-C wiring pattern
C1R2 filter is added to remove noise influence occurring on shunt resistor. Filter effect will dropdown and noise
will easily superimpose on the wiring if part-C wiring is too long. Please install the C1R2 filter near CIN, VNC
terminals as close as possible.
(4) Influence of the part-D wiring pattern
Part-D wiring pattern gives influence to all the items described above, maximally shorten the GND wiring is
expected.
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<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
3.1.8 Precaution for wiring on PCB
These wires' potentials fluctuate between Vcc and GND potential at switching. If wires
for control (e.g. control input Vin, control supply) are located near by or cross these
wires. It may cause malfunction
It is recommended to locate wires for control as far from these wires as possible.
Capacitors and Zener diode
should be located at near
terminals
DIPIPM
VUFS,VUFS,VWFS
Output
(to motor)
P
VUFB,VUFB,VWFB
Bootstrap
diode
4
U
Power supply line
UP, VP, WP
Vin
V
UN, VN, WN
+15V
VN1,VP1
3
Capacitors and Zener diode
should be located at near
terminals
Snubber
Capacitor
W
VNC
NU
CFO
2
Shunt
resistor
NV
CIN
Capacitors for CIN filter
and Fo pulse width should
be connected to control
GND (not to Power GND)
Cin wiring should be as
short as possible
Power GND line
N1
NW
1
The control GND should be
connected to the power GND at
only a point. (not broad pattern)
Control GND line
NU, NV, NW should be
connected each other as close
to the terminals as possible.
Fig.3-12 Precaution for wiring on PCB
The case example of trouble due to PCB pattern
1
Case example
•Control GND pattern overlaps
power GND pattern.
•Ground loop pattern exists.
2
•Long pattern between NU, NV,
NW terminals and N1(including
inductance of shunt resistor)
3
Capacitors or zener diodes are
nothing or located far from the
terminals.
The input lines are located parallel
and close to the floating supply
lines for P-side drive.
4
Matter of trouble
The surge, generated by the wiring pattern and di/dt of noncontiguous big
current flows to power GND, transfers to control GND pattern. It causes the
control GND level fluctuation, so that the input signal based on the control
GND fluctuates too. Then the arm short might occur.
Stray current flows to GND loop pattern, so that the control GND level and
input signal level (based on the GND) fluctuates. Then the arm short might
occur.
Long wiring pattern has big parasitic inductance and generates high surge
when switching. This surge causes the matter as below.
•HVIC malfunction by VS voltage (output terminal potential) decreasing
excessively.
•LVIC surge destruction
IC surge destruction or malfunction might occurs.
The cross talk noise might be transferred through the capacitance between
these floating supply lines and input lines to DIPIPM. Then since the
incorrect signals are input to DIPIPM input, the arm short might occur.
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<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
3.1.9 Parallel operation of DIPIPM
Fig.3-13 shows the circuitry of parallel connection of two DIPIPMs.
Route (1) and (2) indicate the gate charging path of low-side IGBT in DIPIPM No.1 & 2 respectively. In the case of
DIPIPM 1, the parasitic inductance becomes large by long wiring and it might have a negative effect on DIPIPM's
switching operation. (Charging of bootstrap capacitor for high-side might be affected similarly.) Also, such a wiring
makes DIPIPM be affected by noise easily, then it might lead to malfunction. If more DIPIPMs are connected in
parallel, GND pattern becomes longer and the influence to other circuit (power supply, protection circuit etc.) by the
fluctuation of GND potential might occur. Therefore parallel connection is not recommended. Also because DIPIPM
doesn't consider about the fluctuation of characteristics between each phases definitely, it cannot be recommended
to drive same load by parallel connection with other phase IGBT or IGBT of other DIPIPM.
DIPIPM 1
VP
DC15V
P
VP1
VP1
U,V,W
M
AC100/200V
VN1
N
VNC
Shunt resistor
(1)
DIPIPM 2
VP1
P
VP
VP1
U,V,W
M
VN1
N
VN
Shunt resistor
(2)
Fig.3-13 Parallel operation
3.1.10 SOA of Mini DIPIPM Ver.4
The following describes the SOA (Safety Operating Area) of the Mini DIPIPM Ver.4.
Maximum rating of IGBT collector-emitter voltage
VCES :
VCC :
Supply voltage applied on P-N terminals
VCC(surge): The total amount of VCC and the surge voltage generated by the wiring inductance and the
DC-link capacitor.
VCC(PROT) : DC-link voltage that DIPIPM can protect itself.
Collector
current Ic
≤Vcc(surge) ≤VCC
≤Vcc(surge)
Short-circuit
current
≤VCC(PROT)
VCE=0, IC=0
VCE=0, IC=0
≤2μs
Fig.3-14 SOA at switching mode and short-circuit mode
In Case of switching
VCES represents the maximum voltage rating (600V) of the IGBT. By subtracting the surge voltage (100V or
less) generated by internal wiring inductance from VCES is VCC(surge), that is 500V. Furthermore, by
subtracting the surge voltage (50V or less) generated by the wiring inductor between DIPIPM and DC-link
capacitor from VCC(surge) derives VCC, that is 450V.
In Case of Short-circuit
VCES represents the maximum voltage rating (600V) of the IGBT. By Subtracting the surge voltage (100V or
less) generated by internal wiring inductor from VCES is VCC(surge), that is, 500V. Furthermore, by subtracting
the surge voltage (100V or less) generated by the wiring inductor between the DIPIPM and the electrolytic
capacitor from VCC(surge) derives VCC, that is, 400V.
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
3.1.11 SCSOA
Fig.3-15,16 shows the typical SCSOA performance curves example of PS21765,PS21767.
Conditions: Vcc=400V, Tj=125°C at initial state, Vcc(surge)≤500V(surge included), non-repetitive,2m load.
Fig.3-15 shows PS21765 can shutdown safely an SC current that is about 9 times of its current rating under
the conditions only if the IGBT conducting period is less than 4.5μs.
Since the SCSOA operation area will vary with the control supply voltage, DC-link voltage, and so on, it is
necessary to set time constant of RC filter with a margin.
300
VD =18.5V
250
VD =16.5V
Ic(peak) [A]
200
VD =15V
↑
Max. Saturation
Current≈186A
@VD =16.5V
150
100
CSTBT SC operation area
50
0
0
1
2
3
4
4.5
5
6
7
Input pulse width [μs]
Fig.3-15 Typical SCSOA curve of PS21765
400
VD=18.5V
350
VD=16.5V
Ic(peak) [A]
300
200
↑
Max. Saturation
Current≈290A
@VD=16.5V
150
CSTBT SC operation area
250
VD=15V
100
50
0
0
1
2
3
4
4.5
5
Input pulse width [μs]
Fig.3-16 Typical SCSOA curve of PS21767
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6
7
<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
3.1.12 Power Life Cycles
When DIPIPM is in operation, repetitive temperature variation will happens on the IGBT junctions (∆Tj). The
amplitude and the times of the junction temperature variation affect the device lifetime.
Fig.3-17 shows the IGBT power cycle curve as a function of average junction temperature variation (∆Tj).
(The curve is a regression curve based on 3 points of ∆Tj=46, 88, 98K with regarding to failure rate of 0.1%, 1%
and 10%. These data are obtained from the reliability test of intermittent conducting operation)
10000000
1%
10%
0.1%
Power Cycles
1000000
100000
10000
1000
10
100
Average junction temperature variation ΔTj(K)
Fig.3-17 Power cycle curve
Publication Date : November 2012
28
1000
<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
3.2 Power Loss and Thermal Dissipation Calculation
3.2.1 Power Loss Calculation
Simple expressions for calculating average power loss are given below:
● Scope
The power loss calculation intends to provide users a way of selecting a matched power device for their
VVVF inverter application. However, it is not expected to use for limit thermal dissipation design.
● Assumptions
(1) PWM controlled VVVF inverter with sinusoidal output;
(2) PWM signals are generated by the comparison of sine waveform and triangular waveform.
(3) Duty amplitude of PWM signals varies between
1− D 1+ D
(%/100), (D: modulation depth).
～
2
2
(4) Output current various with Icp·sinx and it does not include ripple.
(5) Power factor of load output current is cosθ, ideal inductive load is used for switching.
● Expressions Derivation
PWM signal duty is a function of phase angle x as
1 + D × sin x
which is equivalent to the output voltage
2
variation. From the power factor cosθ, the output current and its corresponding PWM duty at any phase
angle x can be obtained as below:
Output current = Icp × sin x
1 + D × sin( x + θ )
PWM Duty =
2
Then, VCE(sat) and VEC at the phase x can be calculated by using a linear approximation:
Vce( sat ) = Vce( sat )(@ Icp × sin x)
Vec = (−1) × Vec(@ Iecp(= Icp) × sin x)
Thus, the static loss of IGBT is given by:
1
2π
∫
π
0
( Icp × sin x) ×Vce( sat )(@ Icp × sin x) ×
1 + D sin( x + θ )
• dx
2
Similarly, the static loss of free-wheeling diode is given by:
1
2π
2π
∫π
((−1) × Icp × sin x)((−1) × Vec(@ Icp × sin x) ×
1 + D sin( x + θ )
• dx
2
On the other hand, the dynamic loss of IGBT, which does not depend on PWM duty, is given by:
1
2π
∫
π
0
( Psw(on)(@ Icp × sin x) + Psw(off )(@ Icp × sin x)) × fc • dx
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
FWDi recovery characteristics can be approximated by the ideal curve shown in Fig.3-18, and its dynamic
loss can be calculated by the following expression:
trr
IEC
VEC
t
Irr
Vcc
Fig.3-18 Ideal FWDi recovery characteristics curve
Psw =
Irr × Vcc × trr
4
Recovery occurs only in the half cycle of the output current, thus the dynamic loss is calculated by:
1 2π Irr (@ Icp × sin x) × Vcc × trr (@ Icp × sin x)
× fc • dx
4
2 ∫π
1 2π
= ∫ Irr (@ Icp × sin x) × Vcc × trr (@ Icp × sin x) × fc • dx
8 ρ
● Attention of applying the power loss simulation for inverter designs
・ Divide the output current period into fine-steps and calculate the losses at each step based on the
actual values of PWM duty, output current, VCE(sat), VEC, and Psw corresponding to the output current.
The worst condition is most important.
・ PWM duty depends on the signal generating way.
・ The relationship between output current waveform or output current and PWM duty changes with the
way of signal generating, load, and other various factors. Thus, calculation should be carried out on
the basis of actual waveform data.
・ VCE(sat),VEC and Psw(on, off) should be the values at Tj=125°C.
Publication Date : November 2012
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
3.2.2 Temperature Rise Considerations and Calculation Example
Fig.3-19 shows the typical characteristics of allowable motor rms current versus carrier frequency under the
following inverter operating conditions based on power loss simulation results.
Conditions: VCC=300V, VD=VDB=15V, VCE(sat)=Typ., Switching loss=Typ., Tj=125°C, Tf=100°C, Rth(j-f)=Max.,
Rth(c-f)=0.3°C/W (per 1/6 module), P.F=0.8, 3-phase PWM modulation, 60Hz sine waveform output
24
22
20
18
Io(Arms)
16
14
PS21767
12
PS21765
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
1 2
3 4 5
6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
fc(kHz)
Fig.3-19 Effective current-carrier frequency characteristics
Fig.3-19 shows an example of estimating allowable inverter output rms current under different carrier
frequency and permissible maximum operating temperature condition (Tf=100°C. Tj=125°C). The results may
change for different control strategy and motor types. Anyway please ensure that there is no large current over
device rating flowing continuously.
The allowable motor current can also be obtained from the free power loss simulation software provided at our
web site. URL: http://www.MitsubishiElectric.com/semiconductors/
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
3.3 Noise Withstand Capability
3.3.1 Evaluation Circuit
Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 series have been confirmed to be with over +/-2.0kV noise withstand capability by the
noise evaluation under the conditions shown in Fig.3-20. However, noise withstand capability greatly depends on
the test environment, the wiring patterns of control substrate, parts layout, and other factors; therefore an additional
confirmation on prototype is necessary.
C
R
Breaker
U
V
W
DIPIPM
S
T
AC input
M
Fo
Voltage slider
Control supply
(15V single power source)
I/F
Isolation
transformer
Heat sink
Inverter
DC supply
Noise simulator
AC100V
Fig.3-20 Noise withstand capability evaluation circuit
Note:
C1: AC line common-mode filter 4700pF, PWM signals are input from microcomputer by using opto-couplers, 15V
single power supply, Test is performed with IM
Test conditions
VCC=300V, VD=15V, Ta=25°C, no load
Scheme of applying noise: From AC line (R, S, T), Period T=16ms, Pulse width tw=0.05-1μs, input in random.
3.3.2 Countermeasures and Precautions
DIPIPM improves noise withstand capabilities by means of reducing parts quantity, lowering internal wiring
parasitic inductance, and reducing leakage current. But when the noise affects on the control terminals of DIPIPM
(due to wiring pattern on PCB), the short circuit or malfunction of SC protection may occur. In that case, below
countermeasures are recommended.
P
C2+
C2
Increase the capacitance of
C2 and locate it as close to
the terminal as possible.
C2+
C2
C2+
MCU
Insert the RC filter
C2
VUFB
VUFS
VP1
HVIC
U
UP
VVFB
VVFS
VP1
HVIC
V
VP
M
VWFB
VWFS
VP1
HVIC
W
+
WP
C3
UN
NU
VN
WN
NV
Fo
LVIC
CFo
Increase the capacitance of
C4 with keeping the same
time constant R1·C4, and
locate the C4 as close to the
terminal as possible.
NW
VD
+
C2
VN1
VNC
VNO
CIN
C4
R1
Fig.3-21 Example of countermeasures for inverter part
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<Dual-In-Line Package Intelligent Power Module>
MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
3.3.3 Static Electricity Withstand Capability
DIPIPM has been confirmed to be with +/-200V or more withstand capability against static electricity from the
following tests shown in Fig.3-22, 23. The results (typical data) are described in Table 3-4.
R=0Ω
LVIC
HVIC
R=0Ω
VN1
UN
VN
WN
C=200pF
VP1
VUFB
UP
Ho
VPC
VUFS
C=200pF
VNC
Fig.3-22 LVIC terminal Surge Test circuit
Fig.3-23 HVIC terminal Surge Test circuit
Conditions: Surge voltage increases in steps of 0.1V and only one-shot surge pulse is impressed at each voltage.
(Limit voltage of surge simulator: ±4.0kV, Judgment method; change in V-I characteristic)
Table 3-4 Typical ESD capability for PS219765, PS21767
[Control terminal part]
For control part, since both have same circuit in the control IC, they have same capability.
Terminals
UP, VP, WP-VNC
VP1 - VNC
VUFB-VUFS, VVFB-VVFS,VWFB-VWFS
UN, VN, WN-VNC
VN1-VNC
CIN-VNC
Fo-VNC
CFO-VNC
VNO-VNC
+
-
0.9
1.5
3.7
1.0
1.8
1.1
1.0
0.3
2.0
1.8
1.6
3.5
1.5
3.1
1.6
1.9
0.7
3.1
+
4.0 or more
3.2
4.0 or more
4.0 or more
+
4.0 or more
4.0 or more
4.0 or more
4.0 or more
(Unit: kV)
[Power terminal part for PS21765]
Terminals
P-N
U-N, V-N, W-N
[Power terminal part for PS21767]
Terminals
P-N
U-N, V-N, W-N
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
CHAPTER 4
KEY PARAMETERS SELECTING GUIDANCE
4.1 Determination of Shunt Resistance
(1) Shunt resistance
The value of current sensing resistance is calculated by the following expression:
RShunt = VSC(ref)/SC
where VSC(ref) is the referenced SC trip voltage.
The maximum value of SC trip level should be set less than the IGBT minimum saturation current which is
2.0 times as large as the rated current. For example, the maximum SC trip level of PS21767 should be set to
2.0 x 30=60.0A. The parameters (VSC(ref), RShunt) dispersion should be considered when designing the SC trip
level.
For example of PS21767, there is +/-0.05V dispersion in the spec of VSC(ref) as shown in Table 4-1.
(unit: V)
Min
0.43
Table 4-1 Specification for VSC(ref)
Condition
Specification at Tj=25°C, VD=15V
Typ
0.48
Max
0.53
Then, the range of SC trip level can be calculated by the following expressions:
RShunt(min)=VSC(ref) max /SC(max)
RShunt(typ)= RShunt(min) / 0.95* then SC(typ) = VSC(ref) typ / RShunt(typ)
RShunt(max)= RShunt(typ) x 1.05* then SC(min)= VSC(ref) min / RShunt(max)
*)This is the case that shunt resistance dispersion is within +/-5%.
So the SC trip level range is described as Table 4-2.
Table 4-2 Operative SC Range
(unit: A) (RShunt=8.8mΩ(min), 9.3mΩ(typ), 9.8mΩ(max)
min.
typ.
max.
at Tj=25°C
43.9
51.6
60.0
(e.g. 8.8mΩ (Rshunt(min))= 0.53V (=VSC(max)) / 60A(=SC(max))
Condition
There is the possibility that the actual SC protection level becomes less than the calculated value. This is
considered due to the resonant signals caused mainly by parasitic inductance and parasitic capacity. It is
recommended to make a confirmation of the resistance by prototype experiment.
(2) RC Filter Time Constant
It is necessary to set an RC filter in the SC sensing circuit in order to prevent malfunction of SC protection
due to noise interference. The RC time constant is determined depending on the applying time of noise
interference and the SCSOA of the DIPIPM.
When the voltage drop on the external shunt resistor exceeds the SC trip level, The time (t1) that the CIN
terminal voltage rises to the referenced SC trip level can be calculated by the following expression:
VSC = R shunt ⋅ I c ⋅ (1 − ε
t1 = −τ ⋅ ln(1 −
−
VSC
R shunt ⋅ I c
t1
τ
)
)
where Vsc : CIN terminal input voltage, Ic: peak current, τ : RC time constant.
On the other hand, the typical time delay t2 (from Vsc voltage reaches Vsc(ref) to IGBT gate shutdown) of IC
is shown in Table 4-3.
Table 4-3 Internal time delay of IC
Item
min
typ
max
Unit
μs
IC transfer delay time
0.3
0.5
1.0
Therefore, the total delay time from an SC level current happened to the IGBT gate shutdown becomes:
tTOTAL=t1+t2
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
4.2 Bootstrap Circuit Operation
4.2.1 Bootstrap Circuit Operation
For three phase inverter circuit driving, normally four isolated control supplies (three for P-side driving and one for
N-side driving) are necessary. But using floating control supply with bootstrap circuit can reduce the number of
isolated control supplies from four to one (N-side control supply).
Bootstrap circuit consists of a bootstrap diode(BSD), a bootstrap capacitor(BSC) and a current limiting resistor.
It uses the BSC as a control supply for driving P-side IGBT. The BSC supplies gate charge when P-side IGBT
turning ON and circuit current of logic circuit on P-side driving IC. (Fig.4-2) Since a capacitor is used as substitute for
isolated supply, its supply capability is limited. This floating supply driving with bootstrap circuit is suitable for small
supply current products like DIPIPM.
Charge consumed by driving circuit is re-charged from N-side 15V control supply to BSC via current limiting resistor
and BSD when voltage of output terminal (U, V or W) goes down to GND potential in inverter operation. But there is
the possibility that enough charge doesn't perform due to the conditions such as switching sequence, capacitance of
BSC, limiting resistance and so on. Deficient charge leads to low voltage of BSC and might work under voltage
protection (UV). This situation makes the loss of P-side IGBT increase by low gate voltage or stop switching. So it is
necessary to consider and evaluate enough for designing bootstrap circuit. For more detail information about driving
by the bootstrap circuit, refer the DIPIPM application note "Bootstrap Circuit Design Manual"
The circuit current characteristics in switching situation of P-side IGBT are described below.
Current limiting
resistor
Bootstrap diode
(BSD)
BSC
+
P-side
IGBT
VP1
VD=15V
N-side
IGBT
VN1
LVIC
N-side
FWDi
VPC
P(Vcc)
+
Gate Drive
U,V,W
VFS
↑High voltage area
VFB
Logic & UV
protection
P-side
FWDi
Level Shift
Low voltage area
Level Shift
VPC
VFB
BSD
15V
P(Vcc)
HVIC
VP1
Bootstrap capacitor
(BSC)
P-side
IGBT
P-side
FWDi
VFS
U,V,W
Voltage of VFS that is reference voltage of BSC swings between
VCC and GND level. If voltage of BSC is lower than 15V when
VFS becomes to GND potential, BSC is charged from 15V N-side
control supply.
VNC
N(GND)
Fig.4-1 Bootstrap Circuit Diagram
Fig.4-2 Bootstrap Circuit Diagram
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
4.2.2 Bootstrap Supply Circuit Current at Switching State
Circuit current (mA)
Bootstrap supply circuit current IDB at steady state is max.0.55mA for PS2176* series. But at switching state,
because gate charge and discharge are repeated by switching, the circuit current will exceed 0.55mA and
increases proportional to carrier frequency. For reference, Fig.4-3 to Fig.4-4 are the circuit current IDB for P-side
IGBT driving supply (VDB) vs. carrier frequency characteristics. (@ VD=VDB=15V, Tj=125°C (largest IDB
temperature point), IGBT ON Duty=10, 30, 50, 70, 90%)
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
10%
30%
50%
70%
90%
0
5
10
Carrier frequency (kHz)
15
20
Circuit current (mA)
Fig.4-3 IDB vs. Carrier frequency for PS21765
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
10%
30%
50%
70%
90%
0
5
10
Carrier frequency (kHz)
15
20
Fig.4-4 IDB vs. Carrier frequency for PS21767
4.2.3 Note for designing the bootstrap circuit
When each device for bootstrap circuit is designed, it is necessary to consider various conditions such as
temperature characteristics, change by lifetime, variation and so on. Note for designing these devices are listed
as below. For more detail information about driving by the bootstrap circuit, refer the DIPIPM application note
"Bootstrap Circuit Design Manual"
(1) Bootstrap capacitor
Electrolytic capacitors are used for BSC generally. And recently ceramic capacitors with large capacitance are
also applied. But DC bias characteristic of the ceramic capacitor when applying DC voltage is considerably
different from that of electrolytic capacitor. (Especially large capacitance type) Some differences of capacitance
characteristics between electrolytic and ceramic capacitors are listed in Table 4-4.
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
Table 4-4 Differences of capacitance characteristics between electrolytic and ceramic capacitors
Ceramic capacitor
Electrolytic capacitor
(large capacitance type)
Different due to temp. characteristics
• Aluminum type:
Temperature
rank
Low temp.: -10% High temp: +10%
characteristics
Low temp.: -5%~0%
• Conductive polymer aluminum solid type:
(Ta:-20~ 85°C)
High temp.: -5%~-10%
Low temp.: -5% High temp: +10%
(in the case of B,X5R,X7R ranks)
DC bias
characteristics
(Applying DC15V)
Different due to temp. characteristics,
rating voltage, package size and so on
-70%~-15%
Nothing within rating voltage
DC bias characteristic of electrolytic capacitor is not matter. But it is necessary to note ripple capability by
repetitive charge and discharge, life time which is greatly affected by ambient temperature and so on. Above
characteristics are just example data which are obtained from the WEB, please refer to the capacitor
manufacturers about detailed characteristics.
(2) Bootstrap diode
It is recommended for BSD to have same or higher blocking voltage with collector-emitter voltage VCES of IGBT
in DIPIPM. (i.e. 600V or more is needed in the case of 600V DIPIPM.) And its recovery time trr should be less than
100ns. (Fast recovery type)
Also it is highly recommended to apply the high quality product such as small variations of blocking
voltage. If BSD broke by impressed overvoltage and shorted, it leads to the control ICs over voltage destruction
because DC-link voltage (Vcc) is impressed upon low voltage area of control ICs. Then DIPIPM will lose various
functions like protection and gate driving and it may lead to serious system destruction.
(3) Current limiting resistor
When designing limiting resistor, it is important to note its power rating, surge withstand capability (there is the
possibility that surge may be impressed on the resistor when switching ON or OFF timing) and so on.
Especially if small chip type resistor is applied, it is recommended to select anti-surge designed type. For detailed
information, please refer to the resistor manufacturer.
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
CHAPTER 5 Interface Demo Board
5.1 Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 Interface Demo Board
This chapter describes the interface demo board of Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 as a reference for the design of user
application PCB with Mini DIPIPM Ver.4.
(1) Demo Board Outline
The demo board consists of the minimum necessary components such as snubber capacitor, bootstrap circuit
elements of Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 interface shown in Fig.5-1.
C2
C1
Inrush Circuit
P
DIPIPM
AC Supply
HVIC
Motor
～
LVIC
C
Z
N
VNC VN1
CIN
RC Filter
Mini DIPIPM Ver.4
Interface circuit
GND VD
(15V Line)
UP~WN Fo
Fig.5-1 Demo board interface circuit
(2) Demo Board Photos
Top view
Side view
Fig.5-2 Demo board photo
Note: Board dimension 70.0×54.0×24.2mm (including snubber capacitor height and module height)
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
5.2 Pattern Wiring
(1) PCB Pattern Layout
(a) Component side
(b) Solder side
Fig.5-3 Demo board PCB pattern layout
This evaluation board is made for your quick and temporary evaluation.
Please confirm and comply with your design standard when designing PCB pattern with reference to
these patterns.
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
5.3 Circuit Schematic and Parts List
(1) Circuit Schematic
T1
D1
R1
C1
C4
UP
R2
C5
T2-1
VVFS
C8
D3
U
VVFB
VP1
VP
R3
C3
C9
C6
U
Mini DIPIPM
C2
VWFB
VWFS
V
T2-2
V
VP1
WP
WP
C10
UN
VN
VN
WN
WN
FO
W
VN1
UN
ZD1
GND
C14
NU
NV
VNC
VNO CFO
NW
CIN
C15
C11
T2-3
W
FO
R4
+5V
+15V
P
VP1
D2
VP
P
VUFS
C7
UP
T3-1
VUFB
R5
C13
C12
R6
T3-2
N1
Fig.5-4 Demo board circuit schematic
Note: Although there is no zener diode mounted to P-side three floating drive supplies (between VUFB-VUFS,
VVFB-VVFS,VWFB-VWFS) on this demo board, it is highly recommend to add these zener diodes in actual
system board.
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
(2) Parts List
Table 5-1 Parts list (only for reference)
Symbol
Type Name
D1
D2
D3
ZD1
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11
C12
C13
C14
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6-1
R6-2
R6-3
T1
T2-1
T2-2
T2-3
T3-1
T3-2
10DRA60
10DRA60
10DRA60
U1ZB24
UPW1H220MDD
UPW1H220MDD
UPW1H220MDD
C1608X7R1H102K
C1608X7R1H102K
C1608X7R1H102K
C1608X7R1H102K
C1608X7R1H102K
C1608X7R1H102K
C1608X7R1H102K
UPW1H470MED
GRM39R223K50
C1608X7R1H102K
MDDSA0.22μF630
V
RK73H1JTD10F
RK73H1JTD10F
RK73H1JTD10F
RK73H1JTD10kF
RK73H1JTD2kF
SL2TBK33/47LOF
SL2TBK33/47LOF
SL2TBK33/47LOF
B10P-VH
TP42097-21
TP42097-21
TP42097-21
TP42097-21
TP42097-21
Description
1A 600V Diode
1A 600V Diode
1A 600V Diode
24V 1W Zener Diode
22μF50V Al electrolytic capacitor
22μF50V Al electrolytic capacitor
22μF50V Al electrolytic capacitor
1000pF50V ceramic capacitor
1000pF50V ceramic capacitor
1000pF50V ceramic capacitor
1000pF50V ceramic capacitor
1000pF50V ceramic capacitor
1000pF50V ceramic capacitor
1000pF50V ceramic capacitor
47μF50V Al electrolytic capacitor
0.022μF50V ceramic capacitor
1000pF50V ceramic capacitor
0.22μF630V snubber capacitor
1/16W 10ΩF
1/16W 10Ω F
1/16W 10Ω F
1/16W 10KΩ F
1/16W 2KΩ F
PS21765: 47mΩ, ±1%, 2WX3
PS21767: 33mΩ, ±1%, 2WX3
10pin Socket
Note
Japan International
Japan International
Japan International
Toshiba
Nichicon
Nichicon
Nichicon
TDK
TDK
TDK
TDK
TDK
TDK
TDK
Nichicon
Murata
TDK
Hitachi AIC
Hokuriku Denko
Hokuriku Denko
Hokuriku Denko
Hokuriku Denko
Hokuriku Denko
KOA, Current detecting resistor
JST
Kyoushin
Kyoushin
Kyoushin
Kyoushin
Kyoushin
Faston* tab
Faston* tab
Faston* tab
Faston* tab
Faston* tab
* Faston is the trademark of Tyco Electronics Corporation.
These are example of parts for this evaluation board.
When selecting parts for your PCB, please comply with your design standard and consider life time,
reliability and so on.
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
CHAPTER 6
PACKAGE HANDLING
6.1 Packaging Specification
(55)
(19)
Plastic Tube
Quantity:
9pcs per 1 tube
DIPIPM
(520)
4 columns
Total amount in one box (max):
・・・
When it isn't fully filled by tubes
at top stage, cardboard spacers
or empty tubes are inserted for
filling the spcae of top stage.
・・・
・・・
・・・
8 stages
Tube Quantity: 4 × 8=32pcs
IPM Quantity: 32 × 9=288pcs
(230)
(175)
Weight (max):
About 21g per 1pcs of DIPIPM
About 300g per 1 tube
About 11kg per 1 box
(545)
Packaging box
Spacers are inserted into the top and bottom of the box. If there is some space on top of the box, additional buffer
materials are also inserted.
Fig.6-1 Mini DIPIPM Ver.4 Packaging Specification
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
6.2 Handling Precautions
！
Cautions
Transportation
·Put package boxes in the correct direction. Putting them upside down, leaning them or
giving them uneven stress might cause electrode terminals to be deformed or resin case
to be damaged.
·Throwing or dropping the packaging boxes might cause the devices to be damaged.
·Wetting the packaging boxes might cause the breakdown of devices when operating.
Pay attention not to wet them when transporting on a rainy or a snowy day.
Storage
·We recommend temperature and humidity in the ranges 5-35°C and 45-75%,
respectively, for the storage of modules. The quality or reliability of the modules might
decline if the storage conditions are much different from the above.
Long storage
·When storing modules for a long time (more than one year), keep them dry. Also, when
using them after long storage, make sure that there is no visible flaw, stain or rust, etc. on
their exterior.
Surroundings
·Keep modules away from places where water or organic solvent may attach to them
directly or where corrosive gas, explosive gas, fine dust or salt, etc. may exist. They
might cause serious problems.
Flame
resistance
·The case material is flame-resistant type (UL standard 94V-0), but they are not
noninflammable.
Static electricity
·ICs and power chips with MOS gate structure are used for the DIPIPM power modules.
Please keep the following notices to prevent modules from being damaged by static
electricity.
(1)Precautions against the device destruction caused by the ESD
The ESD of human bodies and packaging and/or excessive voltage applied across the
gate to emitter may damage and destroy devices. The basis of anti-electrostatic is to
inhibit generating static electricity possibly and quick dissipation of the charged electricity.
*Containers that charge static electricity easily should not be used for transit and for
storage.
*Terminals should be always shorted with a carbon cloth or the like until just before using
the module. Never touch terminals with bare hands.
*Should not be taking out DIPIPM from tubes until just before using DIPIPM and never
touch terminals with bare hands.
*During assembly and after taking out DIPIPM from tubes, always earth the equipment
and your body. It is recommended to cover the work bench and its surrounding floor with
earthed conductive mats.
*When the terminals are open on the printed circuit board with mounted modules, the
modules might be damaged by static electricity on the printed circuit board.
*If using a soldering iron, earth its tip.
(2)Notice when the control terminals are open
*When the control terminals are open, do not apply voltage between the collector and
emitter. It might cause malfunction.
*Short the terminals before taking a module off.
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
Revision Record
Rev.
Date
1
2011/6/15
2
2012/11/15
Points
New
P.32 Fig.3-21 Example of countermeasures for inverter part
P.35 Section 4.2 Bootstrap Circuit Operation
Publication Date : November 2012
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MINI DIPIPM Ver.4 Series APPLICATION NOTE
Keep safety first in your circuit designs!
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation puts the maximum effort into making semiconductor products better and more
reliable, but there is always the possibility that trouble may occur with them. Trouble with semiconductors
may lead to personal injury, fire or property damage. Remember to give due consideration to safety when
making your circuit designs, with appropriate measures such as (i) placement of substitutive, auxiliary
circuits, (ii) use of non-flammable material or (iii) prevention against any malfunction or mishap.
Notes regarding these materials
•These materials are intended as a reference to assist our customers in the selection of the Mitsubishi
semiconductor product best suited to the customer’s application; they do not convey any license under any
intellectual property rights, or any other rights, belonging to Mitsubishi Electric Corporation or a third party.
•Mitsubishi Electric Corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage, or infringement of any
third-party’s rights, originating in the use of any product data, diagrams, charts, programs, algorithms, or
circuit application examples contained in these materials.
•All information contained in these materials, including product data, diagrams, charts, programs and
algorithms represents information on products at the time of publication of these materials, and are subject
to change by Mitsubishi Electric Corporation without notice due to product improvements or other reasons. It
is therefore recommended that customers contact Mitsubishi Electric Corporation or an authorized
Mitsubishi Semiconductor product distributor for the latest product information before purchasing a product
listed herein.
The information described here may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Mitsubishi
Electric Corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage, liability, or other loss rising from these
inaccuracies or errors.
Please also pay attention to information published by Mitsubishi Electric Corporation by various means,
including the Mitsubishi Semiconductor home page (http://www.MitsubishiElectric.com/).
•When using any or all of the information contained in these materials, including product data, diagrams,
charts, programs, and algorithms, please be sure to evaluate all information as a total system before making
a final decision on the applicability of the information and products. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation assumes
no responsibility for any damage, liability or other loss resulting from the information contained herein.
•Mitsubishi Electric Corporation semiconductors are not designed or manufactured for use in a device or
system that is used under circumstances in which human life is potentially at stake. Please contact
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation or an authorized Mitsubishi Semiconductor product distributor when
considering the use of a product contained herein for any specific purposes, such as apparatus or systems
for transportation, vehicular, medical, aerospace, nuclear, or undersea repeater use.
•The prior written approval of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation is necessary to reprint or reproduce in whole or
in part these materials.
•If these products or technologies are subject to the Japanese export control restrictions, they must be
exported under a license from the Japanese government and cannot be imported into a country other than
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Any diversion or re-export contrary to the export control laws and regulations of Japan and/or the country of
destination is prohibited.
•Please contact Mitsubishi Electric Corporation or an authorized Mitsubishi Semiconductor product distributor
for further details on these materials or the products contained therein.
© 2012 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
DIPIPM and CSTBT are registered trademarks of MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION.
Publication Date : November 2012
45