Design of Critical Conduction Mode (CRM) PFC Circuit with the AOZ7111

Ap
pplication Notte PIC--014
February 2013
Design of Critic
cal Cond
duction Mode (C
CRM) PF
FC Circu
uit with the
t
AOZ711
11
Introductio
on
This application note introduces the pra
actical design
n procedure. It includes how
w to design th
he inductor, select
s
the
bulk capacito
or, MOSFET, boost diode
e, current sen
nse resistance, Ct capacittor, the contro
ol loop comp
pensation
network and so on. We im
mplement a 39
95V, 160W, CRM
C
PFC converter using the AOZ7111 to verify the
e design.
The converte
er exhibits fea
atures such as
a high PF, lo
ow standby power
p
dissipa
ation, high effficiency, and a robust
protection.
e mode active
e power facto
or correction controller
c
dessigned for cosst-effective bo
oost PFC
The AOZ7111 is a voltage
application th
hat operates in critical conduction mod
de (CRM). Itss voltage mo
ode scheme does
d
not nee
ed an AC
input line-sen
nsing network
k, which is ussually necessa
ary for a curre
ent mode CR
RM PFC contrroller. Also, it receives
a ZCD signa
al pulse from
m the currentt sense resisstor; thereforre, ZCD auxiiliary winding
g is not need
ded. The
AOZ7111 is available
a
in a SO-8 packag
ge.
It provides ou
utput over-voltage protection, over-current protection
n, open-feedb
back protectio
on, and underr-voltage
lockout prote
ection. The un
nique AC inpu
ut fault detecttion circuit ma
akes the system more robust during AC
C absent
test. The additional OVP pin can be used to double check the output volttage if the fe
eedback resisstor gets
damaged. Th
he controller implements co
omprehensive
e safety featu
ures for robusst designs.
Basic Prin
nciple of CR
RM PFC Converter
IL
L
Id
Iin
AC
C
POW ER
DM
CAPAC
CITOR
BULK
K
CAPCIT
TOR
AOZ 7111
Ids
Rsense
Figure 1. PFC Converter
C
witth AOZ7111
As shown in
n Figure 1, the
t
PFC boo
ost converterr requires a coil, a diode
e and a pow
wer switch. In
n critical
conduction mode,
m
the indu
uctor current IL starts from
m zero up to peak
p
current. If the turn-on
n time (ton) is constant
for a fixed tim
me, the peak current will be
b proportional to the inpu
ut voltage as shown in Fig
gure 2. The averaged
a
triangular currrent in each switching perriod is also prroportional to
o the input volltage, thus the input curren
nt drawn
from the sourrce follows the input voltag
ge waveform with
w very high
h accuracy.
Rev. 1.0
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Pag
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Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
IL
Peak Inductor current
Input ave
erage current
V GS
T ON
Figure 2. Waveforms
W
o Inductor Current
of
C
and Driver
D
Design Pro
ocedure
A 160W PFC
C application with
w universa
al input range
e is selected as
a a design example;
e
it sh
hows users th
he design
procedure ste
ep by step.
D1
D2
L
BD
Vcc
IC1
CM1
R28
CX2
Vcc
C4
CX1
R14
R21
R15
R22
R16
R23
C11
C12
INV
R9
COMP
O
OVP
CS
G
GND
C6
C5
R20
AOZ7111
R8
FL1
R19
R13
D3
O
OUT
Ct
C3
+
R12
CN
C DC OUTPUT
Q1
R26
Vo
D7
C7
R11
C8
ZD3
17
R1
R24
R1
18
C9 R25
R27
C10
R5
R1
R2
R3
VAR
FU
NTC
CN AC INPUT
Figure 3.
3 AOZ7111 Evaluation
E
B
Board
Schem
matic
Rev. 1.0
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Pag
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Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
STEP1-Defin
ne the Speciffication
The spec of the
t converter is shown in the
t table below.
Minimum Input Voltage
e
Vac(min) = 90V
Maximum
m Input Voltage
Vac(max) = 264V
V
Minimum Line
L
Frequenccy
fline(min)
= 47Hzz
l
Maximum Line
L
Frequency
fline(max) = 63Hzz
Nominal Output
O
Voltage
Vout = 395V
Output Ripple
R
Voltage
e
∆V
Vout(ripple) = 10V
V
Hold Up Time
thold = 20ms
Maximum Output Voltag
ge
Vout(max) = 440V
V
M
Minimum
Swiitching Frequency
fsw(min)
= 57kHzz
s
Full Load Output
O
Current
Iout = 0.405A
Full Load Output Powe
er
Pout = 160W
Target Full Load Efficien
ncy
η = 95%
M
Minimum
Full Load
L
Power Factor
F
PF = 0.95
STEP2-Powe
er Stage Com
mponent Selection
1. Powe
er Inductor Se
election
The boost in
nductor value
e is determin
ned by the output
o
powerr and the minimum switcching frequen
ncy. It is
calculated byy the equation
n below:
L

Vac 2  
 1 
2  fsw (min))  Pout 
2 2 V
ac
Vout




(e
eq-1)
Where L is th
he boost inductance.
The minimum
m frequency occurs
o
at maxximum input voltage (Vac(m
a full load condition
c
as shown
s
in
max) = 264V) and
Figure 4. Acccording to eq--1, the inducto
or value is calculated as:
L

 1 
2  60  10
0 3  160 
264 2  0.95
2
2  264
395

  189 H


e value as 20
00µH.
We select the
Rev. 1.0
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Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
Figurre 4. Switch Frequency
F
v Input RMS
vs.
S Voltage (att sinusoid top)
At minimum input voltage and maximu
um output pow
wer, the inductor peak currrent reachess the maximum, which
causes the greatest stress
s to the power componentss. The inducto
or peak current is calculate
ed by:
ILpk 
2  2 2  Pout

Vacc  
2  2 2  160
 5.29 A
90
0  0.95
(e
eq-2)
Assuming EE
ER3019NA co
ore is selected
d and setting B (max) as 0.23T,
0
the prim
mary winding should be:
Ninductror 
ILpk  L

Ae  B(max)
5.29  200 H
1 .7mm 2  0.21
130
 39Ts
(e
eq-3)
The number of turns of th
he boost indu
uctor is deterrmined as 39
9. Figure 5 sh
hows the app
pearance of ER3019N
E
core and bob
bbin (Ae = 130
0.7mm2, Aw = 81.8mm2). According
A
to th
he typical B-H
H characteristtics of ferrite core
c
from
SAMWHA (P
PL-7), the saturation flux density
d
decrea
ases as the temperature increases, so the high tem
mperature
characteristiccs should be considered
c
(ssaturation flux
x B (max) = 0.41mT @ 100
0deg).
Figure 5. EER3019N
E
Fe
errite Specific
cations
When Φ0.10
0mm × 50 (litz wire) is ussed, the RMS current of inductor coill, current den
nsity and the
e window
coefficient arre:
ILrms

L
2  Pout
2 3 
ILdensity

L
Rev. 1.0
 Vac (min)
 

2.16

0.1 2
2
 50
2  160
2
3  0.95  90
0
 5.53 A
mm 2
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 2.16 A
(e
eq-4)
(e
eq-5)
Pag
ge 4 of 21
Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
  0.12   50  N p    0.3 2   Naux
2
Aco 
2
Aw

15.31  0.35
 0.19
9
81.8
ws the windin
ng of the inducctor:
Figure 6 show
E
EER3019N
1,2
1,2
Np
Np
3,4
3,4
Figure 6. Winding
W
the Inductor
Winding speccification
Pin
N
Np
3,4
4
1,2
Insulattion tape
D
Diameter
Φ0.10m
mm × 50 (litz wire)
w
0.05mm
Turns
39
3
Spec.
20
00µH (5%)
Test conditio
T
on
100KHz,1V
Test condition:
Pin
Inducctance
3,4
4
1,2
2. Bulk Capacitor Se
election
According to the ripple spe
ecification of 10Vp-p, the ca
apacitor should be:
Cbulk 
0.40
05
Iouut
 129

9 F
2    fline(min))  Vout ( ripple ) 2  3.14  50  10
(e
eq-6)
According to the minimum
m allowable output
o
voltage
e 315V (0.8×Vout) during one
o cycle line
e (20ms) drop
p-out, the
ould be:
capacitor sho
Cbulk 
Pout  thold
2
1 V 2  1 V
out
out (min)
2
2

160  20m
1
2
 3952 
1
2
 3152
 113 F
(e
eq-7)
The output ca
apacitor mustt be larger tha
an 129µF, so the two electtrical capacito
or (68µ/450V)) parallel are selected.
s
SFET and Outtput Diode Se
election
3. MOS
To begin, we
e need to know
w the voltage stress of the MOSFET:
Vds (max)  Voutt (max)  Vd (maxx)  440  1.26
2  441.26V
eq-8)
(e
Where Vds(max) is the maxim
mum voltage stress of MO
OSFET.
Rev. 1.0
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Pag
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Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
The Vd(max) iss the maximum forward vo
oltage drop off output diode
e. We can select AOS’s AOTF11C60 MOSFET,
M
its maximum Rds(on) is 0.4Ω
Ω, maximum Coss (energy related) is 90
0pF at drain-source voltage
e is 480V, Cexxt is zero.
The output diode BYV29X
X is selected, Vf(max) is 1.26V at 25°C, 8A
A.
The MOSFET
T and Output Diode RMS current
c
are ca
alculated as:
 8  2 2  Vac
(min)

Ids( rm
ms )  IL( rms )  2 1  
 3    Vout


 8  2 2  90 

  1.84 A
2 1 


2
.
16

 3    395 




I
0.405
Id (ave )  out 
 0.42
26 A

0.95
(e
eq-9)
(e
eq-10)
The MOSFET
T loss can be
e divided into three parts: conduction
c
losss, turn-off losss, and turn-o
on loss.
Conduction lo
oss can be ob
btained as:
2
2
Pds(con )  Ids( rms
r )  Rds (on )  1.84  0.4  1.35W
(e
eq-11)
Turn-off loss can be calculated as:
Pds(off ) 
1 V
out
2
 Iin( rms )  toff  fsw (min)  1  395  1.87  50ns  57k  1.05W
2
(e
eq-12)
Where Iin(rms) is the input RMS
R
current, toff is the turn--off time and fsw(min) is the minimum
m
swittch frequencyy.
Turn-on loss can be calculated as:
Pds(on ) 
1
2
2
1
 Coss  Cext   Vout 2  fsw (m
9W
min)  2  90 p   395  70  1000  0.49
(e
eq-13)
Coss is the output
o
capacittance of the MOSFET. Cext is an exte
ernally added
d capacitor att drain and source
s
of
MOSFET. Th
he total loss of
o MOSFET iss:
Pds ( total )  Pds ( con )  Pds ( off )  Pds (on )  2.89W
(e
eq-14)
The power lo
oss of the outp
put diode is calculated as:
Pd ( loss )  Id ( avve )  Vf (max)  0.426  1.26  0.54W
(e
eq-15)
4. Curre
ent-Sense Re
esistor Selection and CS Circuit
C
Design
The first role of Rcs is to set
s shut down
n mode over current
c
protecction level. Acccording to th
he eq-2, the maximum
m
inductor curre
ent is ILpk, and
d sensing resiistor is calcula
ated as:
Rcs 
Vocp1
ILpk

0.7
 0.132
5.29
(e
eq-16)
Choosing 0.1
1Ω as Rcs, pow
wer loss is ca
alculated as:
Pr ( loss )  IL( rmss )2  Rcs  2.16
1 2  0.1W  0.47W
(e
eq-17)
Recommend
ded power ratiing of sensing
g resistor is 2W.
Rev. 1.0
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Pag
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Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
STEP3-The CS
C pin delay
y time consta
ant selection
n
The second role
r
of Rcs is detecting
d
the zero current point of the boost
b
inductorr. The negativve signal Vcs iss applied
to the current sense pin. When
W
Vcs is higher
h
than th
he threshold (-15mV),
(
it means
m
the indu
uctor current is nearly
zero. In order to minimize the constantt turn-on time
e deterioration
n and turn-on loss, we sho
ould trigger the gate at
the drain sou
urce voltage’s
s valley point,, which may need
n
addition
nal delay by the
t external resistor
r
and capacitor.
c
The required delay time is
s one-half of the resonant period;
p
approxximately:
Rzcd  Czcd  650ns
6

2  2 Ceff  L
2
(e
eq-18)
Where Ceff iss the effectiv
ve capacitor shown
s
at the
e MOSFET drain
d
to sourcce; Czcd and Rzcd are the external
capacitance and
a resistor at
a CS pin; "65
50ns" is the IC
C internal set delay time.
CH1: Driverr Voltage – CH2:: Vds (MOSFET’s
s Drain and Dou
urce Voltage) – CH3: Inductor Current
C
Figure 7. Realistic CRM
C
Wavefo
orms with Rzccd and Czcd @230V/Full
@
Lo
oad
The time bettween both do
otted lines is the delay tim
me. We can select
s
the app
propriated Rzccd and Czcd to
o achieve
minimum dra
ain voltage turrn-on. These values are found experime
entally.
STEP4-The Ct capacitor selection
When the PF
FC operates in
i critical conduction mode
e, a boost converter prese
ents two phasses. During th
he power
switch condu
uction time, th
he current ram
mps-up from zero
z
to the en
nvelope level.. At that mom
ment, the power switch
turns off and the current ra
amps-down to
o zero. The maximum
m
on-ttime of the co
ontroller occurrs when Vcompp is at the
maximum. Th
he Ct capacittor is sized to
o ensure thatt the required
d on-time is reached at ma
aximum outp
put power
and the minim
mum input vo
oltage conditio
on:
L  ILpk (t )
L  2  2 2Iin  sin(t ) 2  L  Iin
Pout

ton  2

 2L
2
V
2Vac  sin(t )
2Vac

s
  Vacc 2
ac
a
in (t )
(e
eq-19)
In regards to
o the AOZ711
11; the on tim
me was contrrolled with the capacitor connected
c
to the Ct pin. A current
source charg
ges the Ct cap
pacitor to a vo
oltage (Vct(off)) derived from COMP pin voltage.
ton
o 
Rev. 1.0
Ct  Vct (ooff )
(e
eq-20)
Ichargerr
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Pag
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Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
Vct (off )  Vcompp  Vct (offset ) 
2  Pout  L  Icharger
(e
eq-21)
  Vac 2  Ct
atasheet of AOZ7111,
A
we
e have: Vct(m
pical); Vct(offseet) = 1V (typical), Icharger = 250µA
From the da
max) = 8V (typ
(maximum), then:
t
Ct(min) 
2  Pout  L  Ichargger
  Vac  Vcomp  Vct (offset ) 
2

2  160
1  200   250 
0.95  90 2  8V
p
 260 pF
(e
eq-22)
A value of 47
70p/50V proviides sufficientt margin.
STEP5-FB, OVP,
O
and UV
VP Divider Re
esistors Sele
ection
Rfb1 and Rfb2 form a resisttor divider tha
at scales dow
wn Vout before
e it is applied to the INV pin. The error amplifier
adjusts the on-time
o
of the
e drive to ma
aintain the FB
B pin voltage
e equal to the
e error amplifier reference
e voltage
(Vref). The divvider network
k bias current (Ibias) selectio
on is the first step in the ca
alculation. The divider netw
work bias
current is selected to optim
mize the trade
e-off of noise immunity and
d power dissip
pation. Rfb1 iss calculated as:
R fb1 
3 V
Vout 395

 4.9M
I bias 880A
(e
eq-23)
A bias curren
nt of 80µA pro
ovides an accceptable trade-off of powe
er dissipation to noise imm
munity. A serie
es of five
resistors of 1MΩ/0805 are
e selected.
Vref  Rfb1 2.5V  5M
 31.85k

Vout  Vref
395  2.5V
Rfb 2 
(e
eq-24)
Rfb2 is selecte
ed by a resisttor of 30K/080
05 and a resisstor of 1.8K/0
0805 which arre in series.
Vout 
R fb1  R fb
f 2
R fb 2
 Vref 
5M  31.8k
 2.5  395.6V
31.8k
eq-25)
(e
wo integrated
d OVP circuitss to prevent the output fro
om exceeding
g a safe volta
age. The
The AOZ7111 includes tw
s FB to the intternal comparrator’s referen
nce (Vref1 = 2..685V) to dete
ermine if an OVP
O
fault
first OVP circcuit compares
occurs.
Vovp1 
Rout 1  Rout 2
5M  31.8k
 Vref 1 
 2.685  425V
Rout 2
31.8k
(e
eq-26)
O
circuit compares
c
the external new
w resistor divid
der (Rout3 and
d Rout4) applie
ed to pin 4’s reference
r
The second OVP
(Vref2 = 2.75V
V) to double check the output voltage
e. Rovp1 is the
e same as th
he Rfb1. The Rovp2 is reselected as
24.9k/0805 and
a 5.9k/0805
5 which are in series.
Vovp 2 
Rout 3  Rout 4
5M  30.8k
 Vref 2 
 2.75  449V
Rouut 4
30.8k
(eq-27)
STEP6-Compensation Network Selec
ction
After designin
ng the powerr componentss, we will help
p the user dessign the control loop comp
pensation nettwork. To
find a compe
ensation netw
work, it is ne
ecessary to get the contrrol loop mod
del of this co
onverter. Thiss can be
synthesized as
a shown in Figure
F
8.
Rev. 1.0
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Pag
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Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
Viinrms
Vref(s ) +
mp(s) Ramp Contrrol
Errror amplifier Vcom
G
Gcomp(s)
G3(s)
ton(s)
PPWM modulator Illpk(s)
G2(s)
Power sttage
G1(s))
Vout(s)
ZCD
Feedback
H(s)
Figure 8. Control
C
Loop of PFC
1. Powe
er Stage
We assume that
t
the contrrol action take
es place on th
he peak ampliitude of variou
us quantities inside the loo
op.
The first step
p is to determiine the transfe
er function off power stage, defined as:
G1(s ) 
dVout dVout dIouut


dILpk
dIout dILppk
eq-28)
(e
uctor current, Iout is DC outp
put current.
Where Vout iss the DC output voltage, ILppk is the peak value of indu
The power sttage can be modeled:
m
a co
ontrol current source (with shunt resista
ance Re) that drives the ou
utput bulk
capacitor Co and the loa
ad resistance
e RL (= Vout/IIout). The zero
o due to ES
SR associated
d with Co is far from
crossover fre
equency thus it is neglected
d.
The current source
s
can be
b characterizzed with the following
f
conssideration: the low frequen
ncy compone
ent of the
boost diode current
c
is foun
nd by averagiing the discha
arge portion of
o inductor current over a given
g
switch cycle.
c
Cout
Id_avee
Re
Vout
RLL
Figure 9. Power
P
Stage Model and Boost
B
PFC Current
C
Rev. 1.0
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Pag
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Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
The low frequ
uency currentt averaged ovver a half-cycle yields the DC
D output currrent Id(ave):
Id ( avve ) 
1

Ts
Ts  1
0
2
2

2  Vin
  2  Vin  sin(t )  I
 ILppk
 sin(t ) dt 
Lpk
k

2
Vouut
4  Vout


(e
eq-29)
Where ILpk is the peak indu
uctor current at ωt = π / 2. Vin is effectivve (RMS) inpu
ut voltage.
Therefore, we
e can obtain the
t transfer fu
unction G1(s) of
o Vout-to-ILpk:
1
2
Vout (s )  Id (ave )(s ) 
1
G1(s ) 
Vout (s )
ILpk (s )
 RL
s
2

2  Vin
 ILpk (s ) 
4  Vout
RL  Co

1
2
2
1
2
2
2  Vin

4  Vout
1
1
 RL
eq-30)
(e
s
2
RL  Co
 RL
(e
eq-31)
s
2
RL  Co
The transfer function G2(s) of ILpk-to-ton iss:
G2(s ) 
ILpk (s )
ton (s )

2
2  Vin
L
(e
eq-32)
Ct
Icharger
(e
eq-33)
The transfer function G3(s) of ton-to-Vcomp is:
G3(s ) 
ton (s )
Vcomp(s )

an obtain the whole transfe
er function Gpower(s)
of Vout-tto-Vcomp:
Finally, we ca
p
Gpow
wer ( s ) 
Vout (s )
Vcompp(s )
 G1(s )  G2(s )  G3(s ) 
Ct
Icharger

2
Vin
1
i  RL 
4  Vout  L 1  s
Where Ct is 470pF,
4
Icharger is 200µA, Vouut is 395V, RL is full load (9
975Ω), Co is 136µF,
1
p 
Gpow
wer ( s ) 
470  10 12
200 
12

2302
4  395
3  200  10
0
6
975

1
(e
eq-34)
p
s
2
2
RLCo
R
.
(e
eq-35)
975  136  10 6
Calculated bo
ode plot of tra
ansfer function Gpower(s):
Rev. 1.0
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Page 10 of 21
Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
2. Compensation E/A
A Transfer Fu
unction
The transfer function of E//A:
Gcomp(s ) 
Vcoomp(s )
We can obtain that the zero is fcz 
Go 
Vout
o (s )
 Go 
1
2 R1C1
1 1

s 1
s
2 fczz
s
2 fcp
p
, the pole
p
is fcp 
2 1
2 .5
1
 Gm 

Vout
C1  C2 2 1 
(e
eq-36)
1
C 1C 2
2 R1 C
1C 2
, the DC gain is calculated as:
fcrfz 2
 2
(e
eq-37)
fcr
fp
The Gm is the
e transconduc
ctance (100µS
S) of the E/A..
3. The Whole
W
Open Loop Transfe
er Function
Gwhoole(s )  Gpowerr (s ) 
Ct
Icharger

Vin 2

4  Vout  L
RL
s
2
1  R C
L
o
 Go 
s
1 1  2 fz

s 1 s
(e
eq-38)
2 fp
dback Networrk implementa
ation
4. Feed
Desired crossover
c
freq
quency:
fcr = 15Hz
Zero:
fczz = 14.6Hz
Pole:
fcp
p = 117Hz
We know tha
at when f  fc
on Gwhole ( j ) equals to 1, then Gwhole ( j )  1,   2    fcr ,
cr , the functio
p 
2
RLCo
Gwhole( j ) 
we can obtain:
Ct
Icharger
Vi 2  RL
 in

4  Vout  L 2

1

2
1  2pfcr

2
2
We know  2pfcr  1,C1C 2, so 2 1   2pfcr  




obtain as:
Gwhole( j )  2.38  10 6 
1
2    fc
 Go 
2 fcr , 1
p
C1C 2
 
2 1  fcr 2
fz
 
2
2 1  fcr
fp
1
eq-39)
(e
 C11 substittute the numerical values, we can
1
2.5 115  10 6
2
2




395
C1
2  395  200
0  10 6  68  2  10 6 2    fcr 2
2302
(e
eq-40)
Series compe
ensation capa
acitor:
C1  2.35  106 
2302
1

6
6
2  395  200
2  10  688  2  10
2    fcr( real )

2

2.5  115  106
 362nF
F
395
(e
eq-41)
Rev. 1.0
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Page 11 of 21
Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
0.33µF/50V is
i selected.
Series compe
ensation resis
stor:
R1 
1
1

 32.1K
2    C1  fcz( reall ) 2  3.14  0.33  10 6  15
(e
eq-42)
33K/0805 is selected.
s
Parallel comp
pensation cap
pacitor:
Cps  Cp // Cs 
Cp 
1
1

 41nF
2    Rs  fcp 2  3.14  33  10
1 3  117
Cs  Cps
Cs  Cps

(e
eq-43)
0.33 F  41
4 nF
 46.8nF
n
0.33 F  41
4 nF
(e
eq-44)
47nF/50V is selected.
s
5. Calcu
ulated Overall Loop Bode Plot
Gwhole(s )  Gpower (s )  Gcoomp(s ) 
Ct
Ichargger

Vin 2

4  Vout  L
RL
1
s
2
 Go 
1 1

s 1
RL  Co
s
2 fz
s
2 fp
(e
eq-45)
Calculated bo
ode plot:
Rev. 1.0


Crosss frequency:
fcr ( reall )  root Gwhole( 2f )  1, f  15.944Hz
Phasse Margin:
  18
80  180  1  arg Gwhole( 2fcr )  48.36 deg
d


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
(e
eq-46)
(e
eq-47)
Page 12 of 21
Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
Appendix1
1 Experime
ental Verifiication
The table is the
t experimen
ntal results off the converte
er.
Vin
90Vac
1
115V
ac
2
230V
ac
2
264V
ac
Pout(W)
80
160
80
160
80
160
80
160
Pin(W
W)
84.4
4
169..5
83.5
5
166..6
82.6
63
163..1
82.6
62
162..9
ŋ (%)
94
4.8
94
4.4
95
5.8
96
6.0
96
6.8
98
8.1
96
6.8
98
8.2
PF
0.994
0.997
0.991
0.996
0.945
0.977
0.900
0.950
THD
11.5
7.1
13.5
8.3
24.8
11.9
42.5
23.3
Start-up waveforms of outtput voltage: Figures
F
10 an
nd 11 show th
he start-up tim
me for 115Vacc full load and
d no load.
p in the close
ed loop soft-sttart.
The inductor current increases smoothly due to keep
CH2
2: DC Output Vo
oltage – CH4: Ind
ductor Current
Figure 10. Start-Up
S
Wav
veform of Vouut at 115Vac Full Load
CH2
2: DC Output Vo
oltage – CH4: Ind
ductor Current
Figure 11. Start-Up
S
Wav
veform of Vouut at 115Vac No
N Load
Rev. 1.0
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Page 13 of 21
Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
Figures 12 and
a
13 show the output voltage
v
respo
onse when the AC input iss omitted for 20ms and 40ms.
4
As
Figure 12 ob
bserved that Vcomp increassed when the
e AC input is absent for 20ms,
2
the peak inductor current
c
is
limited cycle--by-cycle by OCP
O
compara
ator. But whe
en the AC input is absent for
f over 20mss, the Vcomp iss reduced
to zero rapidlly and restarts
s smoothly when AC is applied again as Figure 13 shown.
CH1: Vcomp – CH2: DC Outp
put Voltage – CH
H3: Sense Resis
stor Voltage – CH4:
C
AC Input Current
C
Figure 12. AC-Absent for 20ms De
etection Operation
CH1: Vcomp – CH2: DC Outp
put Voltage – CH
H3: Sense Resistor Voltage – CH4:
C
AC Input Current
C
Figure 13. AC-Absent for 40ms De
etection Operation
Rev. 1.0
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Page 14 of 21
Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
Figures 14 an
nd 15 show th
he output response and ind
ductor curren
nt for 115Vac full
f load and 115V
1
ac no load.
CH2
2: DC Output Vo
oltage – CH4: Ind
ductor Current
Figure
e 14. Output Response of
o Dynamic Load (60W—1
160W@230Vac
a )
CH2
2: DC Output Vo
oltage – CH4: Ind
ductor Current
Figure
e 15. Output Response of
o Dynamic Load (160W—
—60W@230Vac
a )
Rev. 1.0
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Page 15 of 21
Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
Loop gain. Th
he frequency response is measured at four condition
ns. Figure 16 shows that at
a 264Vac inpu
ut voltage
the crossover frequency is
s 20.44Hz an
nd the phase margin is 57..0deg. Figure 17 show 230
0Vac input voltage, the
equency is 18
8.44Hz and the
t
phase ma
argin is 54.7d
deg. Figure 18
1 show 115Vac input volttage, the
crossover fre
crossover fre
equency is 6.91Hz
6
and th
he phase ma
argin is 52.7d
deg. Figure 19 show 90V
Vac input volttage, the
crossover fre
equency is 5.2
2Hz and the phase
p
margin is 52.1deg.
Figure 16. Phase Margin @264Vac
L
a -50Hz Full Load
Figure 17. Phase Margin @230Vac
L
a -50Hz Full Load
Rev. 1.0
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Page 16 of 21
Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
Figure 18. Phase Margin @115V
Vac-50Hz Full Load
Figure 19.
1 Phase Ma
argin @90Vacc-50Hz Full Load
L
Rev. 1.0
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Page 17 of 21
Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
Appendix 2: PCB LA
AYOUT
Fig
gure 20. Reco
ommended PCB
P
Layout
PCB Layout Guide
The following
g points are good PCB layo
out guild-line for a PFC sta
age.
1. To ke
eep the IC GND
G
pin as clean as possible, the powe
er stage grou
und and the signal
s
ground must be
sepa
arated. Then both groundss are connectted by a sepa
arated signal line. At the same
s
time, th
he signal
groun
nd end of thiis line should
d be connect to the end of
o current sen
nse resistor which
w
is conn
nected to
powe
er ground as shown in Figure 20. Figurre 21 shows that if the sign
nal ground en
nd connects directly
d
to
the power
p
stage ground,
g
the CS
C pin is easily interrupted.. Figure 22 sh
hows, the inductor current ramp-up
to a higher level and become
es distorted since
s
the signal ground iss interrupted by noise an
nd the IC
not detect the zero current signal.
cann
Rev. 1.0
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Page 18 of 21
Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
Brreak-off this line
e which connectts from the end of
sig
gnal ground pin (pin
(
6) to the currrent sense resistor
en
nd which joins the
e power ground.
Connect this end
C
d directly to the
p
power
stage grou
und.
Figure 21. Bad
B Layout (The Signal Ground
G
Conn
nects Directlly to Power Ground)
G
C
CH2:
Inductor Cu
urrent – CH4: In
nput Current
Figure
e 22. Interrup
pted Input Cu
urrent Wavefform and Ind
ductor Current
Rev. 1.0
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Page 19 of 21
Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
2. The PFC MOSFET gate drive loop
l
path sho
ould be minim
mized
3. Minim
mize the trace length to IN
NV pin. Since
e the feedback node is high impedancce, the trace from the
outpu
ut resistor div
vider to INV pin should be as
a short as po
ossible.
4. Switcching current sense (CS pin)
p is very im
mportant for the
t stable op
peration of PF
FC stage. No
ormally, a
RC filter is recomm
mended to re
educe the noisse applied to CS pin.
5. The Vcc decouplin
ng capacitor Cvcc needs to be
b placed as closed as po
ossible to IC Vcc and GND pin.
p
Appendix 2: BILL OF MA
ATERIALS (B
BOM)
signation
Ref Des
F
FU
NT
TC
VA
AR
CX1
FL1
CX2
B
BD
CM1
L
Q
Q1
D
D2
C11,C12
R
R5
D
D1
R12~
~R16,
R19~R23
R
R17
R
R18
R
R24
R
R25
C
C10
C
C9
R
R11
C
C8
R
R27
R
R26
R
R28
D3
3,D7
ZD3(optional)
R
R8
C
C5
C
C6
C
C7
R
R9
C
C4
C
C3
IC
C1
Rev. 1.0
Value
5A/250V
V
SCK-044
4K
10D-471
0.22µ/275V
VAC
25mH
0.33µF/275
5VAC
D15XB6
60
0.68µF/63
30V
200µH
AOT11CF
F60
BYV29X
X
68µF/450
0V
0.1Ω/5W
W
1N5408
8
Description
Fuse, 5A
A/250V
NTC, SCK-044K
VAR, 10
0D-471
X CAP, 0.22µ
µF/275VAC
Com
mmon mode EMI
E filter, 25m
mH
X CAP, 0.33µ
µF/275VAC
AC
C Bridge rectifier, D15XB60
D filter cap, 0.68µF/630V
DM
0
PFC chockk, 200µH
AOT11CF60
P
PFC
boost dio
ode, BYV29X
B
Bulk
cap, KMF
F 450V/68µF
R
Rense
resisto
or, 0.1Ω/5W
Diode, 1N5408
1MΩ
Thick Film Res, 1%
1206
27KΩ
4.22KΩ
Ω
27KΩ
3.9KΩ
1nF/50V
V
10nF/50
0V
240Ω
100pF/50
0V
10KΩ
10Ω
2.4Ω
LL4148
8
3.9V Zen
ner
0Ω
470pF/50
0V
0.22uF/50
0V
47nF/50
0V
10KΩ
0.1µF/50
0V
22µF/50
0V
AOZ7111
Thick Film Res, 1%
Thick Film Res, 1%
Thick Film Res, 1%
Thick Film Res, 1%
Ce
eramic Cap, 50V,
5
X5R/X7R
R
Ce
eramic Cap, 50V,
5
X5R/X7R
R
Thick Film Res, 1%
Ce
eramic Cap, 50V,
5
X5R/X7R
R
Thick Film Res, 1%
Thick Film Res, 1%
Thick Film Res, 1%
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
3.9V Zene
er 0.5W
Thick Film Res, 1%
Ce
eramic Cap, 50V,
5
X5R/X7R
R
Ce
eramic Cap, 50V,
5
X5R/X7R
R
Ce
eramic Cap, 50V,
5
X5R/X7R
R
Thick Film Res, 1%
Ce
eramic Cap, 50V,
5
X5R/X7R
R
EC Cap
p, 50V
CRM PFC Controller
C
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
5*11
SO-8
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Packag
ge
EER301
19
TO-220F
TO-220F
Manufac
cturer
AOS
S
NXP
P
Samyoung
DO-241
1
AOS
S
Page 20 of 21
Applicatio
on Note PIC-014
P
LEGAL DISCL
LAIMER
Alpha and Om
mega Semicond
ductor makes no
n representations or warranties with respe
ect to the accuracy or comple
eteness of
the information
n provided herein and takess no liabilities for the conseq
quences of usse of such info
ormation or an
ny product
described here
ein. Alpha and
d Omega Semiiconductor reserves the right to make cha
anges to such information att any time
without furtherr notice. This do
ocument does not constitute the
t grant of an
ny intellectual property
p
rights or
o representatio
on of noninfringement of any third partty’s intellectual property rightss.
LIFE SUPPOR
RT POLICY
ALPHA AND OMEGA
O
SEMIC
CONDUCTOR PRODUCTS ARE
A
NOT AUT
THORIZED FO
OR USE AS CR
RITICAL COMP
PONENTS
IN LIFE SUPP
PORT DEVICES
S OR SYSTEM
MS.
As used herein
n:
1. Life supportt devices or sys
stems are devicces or
systems which
h, (a) are intend
ded for surgical implant into
the body or (b)) support or sus
stain life, and (c)
( whose
failure to perfo
orm when prope
erly used in acccordance with
instructions forr use provided in the labeling, can be
reasonably exp
pected to resullt in a significan
nt injury of the
user.
Rev. 1.0
2. A critical
c
compon
nent in any com
mponent of a liffe
supp
port, device, or system whose failure to perfo
orm can
be re
easonably expe
ected to cause the failure of th
he life
supp
port device or syystem, or to afffect its safety or
o
effecctiveness.
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Page 21 of 21