B GS 18 MN 14 SP 8T Ant enna S wit c h Di ve rsit y RF Fro nte nd Applic ations Applic atio n N ote A N 366 Revision: Rev. 1.1 2014-05-23 RF and P r o tecti on D evic es Edition 2014-06-06 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2014 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. LEGAL DISCLAIMER THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY, CONDITION OR QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES AND LIABILITIES OF ANY KIND (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF ANY THIRD PARTY) WITH RESPECT TO ANY AND ALL INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). Warnings Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. BGS18MN14 Diversity RF Frontend Applications Application Note AN366 Revision History: 2014-05-23 Previous Revision: prev. Rev. 1.0 Page all Gereral update Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG AURIX™, C166™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CIPURSE™, EconoPACK™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™, CORECONTROL™, CROSSAVE™, DAVE™, DI-POL™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™, EconoPIM™, EconoPACK™, EiceDRIVER™, eupec™, FCOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, I²RF™, ISOFACE™, IsoPACK™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OptiMOS™, ORIGA™, POWERCODE™, PRIMARION™, PrimePACK™, PrimeSTACK™, PRO-SIL™, PROFET™, RASIC™, ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SIEGET™, SINDRION™, SIPMOS™, SmartLEWIS™, SOLID FLASH™, TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TRENCHSTOP™, TriCore™. Other Trademarks Advance Design System™ (ADS) of Agilent Technologies, AMBA™, ARM™, MULTI-ICE™, KEIL™, PRIMECELL™, REALVIEW™, THUMB™, µVision™ of ARM Limited, UK. AUTOSAR™ is licensed by AUTOSAR development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. CAT-iq™ of DECT Forum. COLOSSUS™, FirstGPS™ of Trimble Navigation Ltd. EMV™ of EMVCo, LLC (Visa Holdings Inc.). EPCOS™ of Epcos AG. FLEXGO™ of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay™ is licensed by FlexRay Consortium. HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC™ of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA™ of Infrared Data Association Corporation. ISO™ of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB™ of MathWorks, Inc. MAXIM™ of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MICROTEC™, NUCLEUS™ of Mentor Graphics Corporation. MIPI™ of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS™ of MIPS Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE™ (MWO) of Applied Wave Research Inc., OmniVision™ of OmniVision Technologies, Inc. Openwave™ Openwave Systems Inc. RED HAT™ Red Hat, Inc. RFMD™ RF Micro Devices, Inc. SIRIUS™ of Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. SOLARIS™ of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPANSION™ of Spansion LLC Ltd. Symbian™ of Symbian Software Limited. TAIYO YUDEN™ of Taiyo Yuden Co. TEAKLITE™ of CEVA, Inc. TEKTRONIX™ of Tektronix Inc. TOKO™ of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX™ of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG™, PALLADIUM™ of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ™ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS™, WIND RIVER™ of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited. Last Trademarks Update 2011-11-11 Application Note AN366, Rev. 1.1 3 / 19 2014-05-23 BGS18MN14 Diversity RF Frontend Applications List of Content, Figures and Tables Table of Content 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 6 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 BGS18MN14 Features ................................................................................................................... 6 Main Features ................................................................................................................................. 6 Functional Diagram ......................................................................................................................... 6 Pin Configuration ............................................................................................................................ 7 Pin Description ................................................................................................................................ 7 3 3.1 Application .................................................................................................................................... 8 Application Board ............................................................................................................................ 8 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Small Signal Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 9 Insertion Loss from Antenna to the respective RF port with all other ports terminated with 50Ω ...... 10 Return Loss from Antenna to the respective RF port with all other ports terminated with 50Ω ........ 10 Forward Transmission ................................................................................................................... 11 Reflection ANT Port ...................................................................................................................... 11 Isolation Measurement .................................................................................................................. 12 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 Intermodulation ........................................................................................................................... 13 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 13 IMD Test Set-up ............................................................................................................................ 13 IMD Test Results for Band 1 and 5 ................................................................................................ 14 6 Harmonic Generation .................................................................................................................. 14 7 7.1 Appendix: Switch Controller Unit ............................................................................................... 17 Operating Guide ............................................................................................................................ 17 8 Authors ........................................................................................................................................ 18 Application Note AN366, Rev. 1.1 4 / 19 2014-05-23 BGS18MN14 Diversity RF Frontend Applications List of Content, Figures and Tables List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 BGS18MN14 Functional Diagram ................................................................................................... 6 BGS18MN14 Pin Configuration ....................................................................................................... 7 RF switch in mobile phone frontend ................................................................................................. 8 Layout of the application board ........................................................................................................ 9 Layout of de-embedding boards ...................................................................................................... 9 PCB layer information ..................................................................................................................... 9 Application circuit ............................................................................................................................ 9 Forward Transmission Curves for RF Ports ................................................................................... 11 Reflection Antenna Port ................................................................................................................ 11 Isolation to Neighbour Port (RX on) ............................................................................................... 12 Block diagram of RF Switch intermodulation .................................................................................. 13 Test set-up for IMD Measurements ............................................................................................... 13 Set-up for harmonics measurement ............................................................................................... 14 nd 2 Harmonic at fc=786,5 MHz ....................................................................................................... 15 rd 3 harmonic at fc=786,5 MHz ........................................................................................................ 15 nd 2 Harmonic at fc=1800 MHz ........................................................................................................ 16 rd 3 Harmonic at fc=1800 MHz......................................................................................................... 16 Switch Controller Unit Board.......................................................................................................... 17 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Pin Description (top view) ................................................................................................................ 7 Insertion Loss ............................................................................................................................... 10 Return Loss .................................................................................................................................. 10 IMD Measurements ....................................................................................................................... 14 Application Note AN366, Rev. 1.1 5 / 19 2014-05-23 BGS18MN14 Diversity RF Frontend Applications Introduction Introduction 1 The BGS18MN14 is a Single Pole Eight Throw (SP8T) Diversity Switch optimized for wireless applications up to 2.7 GHz. It is a perfect solution for multi-mode handsets based on quadband GSM, WCDMA and LTE. The switch configuration is shown in Fig. 1. The BGS18MN14 comes in a miniature TSNP package and comprises of a high power CMOS SP8T switch with integrated MIPI RFFE interface. No external DC blocking capacitors are required in typical applications as long as no DC is applied to any RF port. 2 BGS18MN14 Features 2.1 Main Features Suitable for multi-mode EDGE / C2K / WCDMA / LTE applications Ultra-low insertion loss and harmonics generation 8 high-linearity, interchangeable WCDMA RX ports 0.1 to 2.7 GHz coverage High port-to-port-isolation Direct to battery supply enabled by large supply voltage range from 2.5 V to 5.5 V Integrated MIPI RFFE interface supporting 1.2 and 1.8 V bus voltage Software programmable MIPI RFFE USID No decoupling capacitors required if no DC applied on RF lines Small form factor 2.0 mm x 2.0 mm 1 kV HBM ESD protection RoHS and WEEE compliant package 2.2 Functional Diagram ANT RX01 RX02 RX03 RX04 RX05 RX06 RX08 RX07 SP8T Figure 1 GND VDD VIO SCLK SDATA MIPI RFFE Controller BGS18MN14 Functional Diagram Application Note AN366, Rev. 1.1 6 / 19 2014-05-23 BGS18MN14 Diversity RF Frontend Applications BGS18MN14 Features 13 RX04 14 RX07 RX08 NC 9 8 0 1 2 3 4 VDD ANT 10 RX01 12 11 RX02 RX05 RX06 Pin Configuration RX03 2.3 Figure 2 BGS18MN14 Pin Configuration 2.4 Pin Description Table 1 7 SCLK 6 SDATA 5 VIO Pin Description (top view) Pin NO Name Pin Type 0 1 GND RX03 GND I/O RF ground; die pad RX port 3 2 RX02 I/O RX port 2 3 RX01 I/O RX port 1 4 VDD PWR VDDSupply Voltage 5 VIO PWR MIPI RFFE Supply 6 SDATA I/O MIPI RFFE data 7 SCLK I MIPI RFFE clock 8 9 NC RX08 I/O Not connected RX port 8 10 RX07 I/O RX port 7 11 RX06 I/O RX port 6 12 RX05 I/O RX port 5 13 ANT RX04 I/O I/O Antenna port RX port 4 14 Application Note AN366, Rev. 1.1 7 / 19 Function 2014-05-23 BGS18MN14 Diversity RF Frontend Applications Application Application 3 A typical application of the BGS18MN14 RF switch in a mobile phone application is shown in Figure 3. In the diversity path of the RF frontend the BGS18MN14 switches the different receive bands to the inputs of the transceiver. Infineon offers also a broad portfolio of Low Noise Amplifiers and Antenna Switch Modules. Infineon ASMs BGSF18G BGSF110GN26 Infineon RF Switch BGS18MN14 ASM Infineon LNAs BGAxx Transceiver Figure 3 RF switch in mobile phone frontend 3.1 Application Board Below is a picture of the evaluation board used for the measurements (Figure 4). The board is designed so that 3all connecting 50 Ohm lines have the same length. In order to get accurate values for the insertion loss of the BGS18MN14 all influences and losses of the evaluation board, lines and connectors have to be eliminated. Therefore a separate de-embedding board, representing the line length is necessary (Figure 5). The calibration of the network analyser (NWA) is done in severall steps: - Perform full calibration on all NWA ports. - Attach empty SMA connector at port 2 and perform “open” port extension. Turn port extensions on. - Connect the “half” de-embedding board (Figure 5 left board) between port1 and port2, store this as a s-parameter (.s2p) file. - Turn all port extentions off. - Load the stored s-parameter file as de-embedding file for all used NWA ports - Switch all port extentions on - Check insertion loss with the de-embedding through board (Figure 5 right board) Application Note AN366, Rev. 1.1 8 / 19 2014-05-23 BGS18MN14 Diversity RF Frontend Applications Small Signal Characteristics Figure 4 Layout of the application board Figure 5 Layout of de-embedding boards The construction of the PCB is shown in Figure 6. Vias Rodgers , 0.2mm Copper 35µm FR4, 0.7mm Figure 6 PCB layer information 4 Small Signal Characteristics The small signal characteristics are measured at 25 °C with a Network analyzer in an application circuit shown in figure 7. ANT BGS18MN14 SP8T Figure 7 27nH Application circuit Application Note AN366, Rev. 1.1 9 / 19 2014-05-23 BGS18MN14 Diversity RF Frontend Applications Small Signal Characteristics 4.1 Insertion Loss from Antenna to the respective RF port with all other ports terminated with 50Ω Table 2 Insertion Loss Frequency (MHz) 740 751 881 942 1842 1960 2017 2140 2350 2593 3500 RX1 0.45 0.44 0.39 0.37 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.47 0.51 0.57 0.81 RX2 0.43 0.43 0.38 0.36 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.49 0.53 0.59 0.83 RX3 0.44 0.44 0.39 0.37 0.44 0.47 0.48 0.52 0.57 0.66 1.01 RX4 0.38 0.37 0.32 0.31 0.44 0.48 0.50 0.54 0.61 0.68 1.03 RX5 0.38 0.38 0.32 0.31 0.44 0.48 0.50 0.55 0.63 0.72 1.02 RX6 0.41 0.40 0.35 0.33 0.40 0.43 0.45 0.49 0.54 0.61 0.84 RX7 0.42 0.42 0.37 0.35 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.49 0.54 0.59 0.78 RX8 0.45 0.45 0.40 0.38 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.49 0.53 0.59 0.79 4.2 Return Loss from Antenna to the respective RF port with all other ports terminated with 50Ω Table 3 Return Loss Frequency (MHz) 740 751 881 942 1842 1960 2017 2140 2350 2593 3500 RX1 16 16 19 20 24 23 23 22 21 20 15 RX2 17 17 19 20 22 21 21 20 19 18 15 RX3 16 17 19 21 21 20 19 18 18 17 13 RX4 18 18 21 23 16 15 15 14 14 13 11 RX5 18 18 21 23 16 15 15 14 13 12 11 RX6 17 17 19 21 19 18 17 17 16 15 14 RX7 16 17 19 21 20 19 19 18 17 17 16 RX8 16 16 18 19 23 22 21 20 19 18 16 Application Note AN366, Rev. 1.1 10 / 19 2014-05-23 BGS18MN14 Diversity RF Frontend Applications Small Signal Characteristics 4.3 Forward Transmission BGS18MN14 Forward Transmission 0 Forward Transmission (dB) 0.75 GHz -0.37 dB 0.94 GHz -0.31 dB 2.14 GHz -0.48 dB 2.35 GHz -0.53 dB -0.5 0.88 GHz -0.32 dB 1.84 GHz -0.40 dB 3.50 GHz -0.78 dB 1.96 GHz -0.44 dB 0.74 GHz -0.38 dB -1 2.59 GHz -0.57 dB ANT_Rx1 ANT_Rx4 ANT_Rx7 ANT_Rx2 ANT_Rx5 ANT_Rx8 ANT_Rx3 ANT_Rx6 -1.5 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 Frequency (GHz) Figure 8 Forward Transmission Curves for RF Ports 4.4 Reflection ANT Port BGS18MN14 Reflection Antenna 0 2.69 GHz -12.3 dB Reflections (dB) -10 -20 -30 -40 Rx1 RX3 Rx5 Rx7 Rx2 Rx4 Rx6 Rx8 -50 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 Frequency (GHz) Figure 9 Reflection Antenna Port Application Note AN366, Rev. 1.1 11 / 19 2014-05-23 BGS18MN14 Diversity RF Frontend Applications Small Signal Characteristics 4.5 Isolation Measurement Isolation measured RX on port to neighbor port. Port Isolaton of Neighbour Ports 0 2.69 GHz -22 dB Isolation (dB) -20 -40 -60 Rx2on_Rx1-Rx3 Rx4on_Rx3-Rx4 Rx6on_Rx6-Rx5 Rx2on_Rx1-Rx2 Rx4on_Rx4-Rx5 RX6on_Rx6-Rx7 Rx8on_Rx8-Rx7 -80 0.05 Figure 10 1.05 2.05 Frequency (GHz) 3.05 3.5 Isolation to Neighbour Port (RX on) Application Note AN366, Rev. 1.1 12 / 19 2014-05-23 BGS18MN14 Diversity RF Frontend Applications Intermodulation 5 Intermodulation 5.1 Introduction Another very important parameter of a RF switch is the large signal capability. One of the possible intermodulation scenarios is shown in Figure 11. The transmission (Tx) signal from the main antenna is coupled into the diversity antenna with with high power.This signal (20 dBm) and a received Jammer signal (-15 dBm) are entering the switch. Coupled Tx Signal from main antenna Jammer (CW) Receiver Diversity Antenna RF Switch IMD Figure 11 Block diagram of RF Switch intermodulation Special combinations of TX and Jammer signal are producing intermodulation products 2 nd and 3rd order, which fall in the RX band and disturb the wanted RX signal. 5.2 IMD Test Set-up The test setup for the IMD measurements has to provide a very high isolation between RX and TX signals. ( Figure 12).For the RX / TX separation a professional duplexer with 80 dB isolation is used. Please find the results for high and low band in table 5 below. For each distortion scenario there is a min and a max value given. This variation is caused by a phase shifter connected between switch and duplexer. In the test set-up the phase shifter represents a no ideal matching of the switch to 50 Ohm. Load -20dB -3dB Tx K&L Mini Circuits (ZHL-30W-252 -S+) Signal Generator Power Amplifier Duplexer Tunable Bandpass Filter Circulator DUT ANT Phase Shifter / Delay Line TRx -20dB ANT K&L Tunable Bandpass Filter Signal Generator Rx K& L Signal Analyzer Figure 12 Power reference plane PTx = +20 dBm PBl = -15 dBm -3 dB Tunable Bandpass Filter Test set-up for IMD Measurements Application Note AN366, Rev. 1.1 13 / 19 2014-05-23 BGS18MN14 Diversity RF Frontend Applications Harmonic Generation 5.3 IMD Test Results for Band 1 and 5 Table 4 IMD Measurements Band 1 TX Intermodulation Products UMTS Band 1 Interferer Testcase FIN (MHz) PIN (dBm) FIN (MHz) PIN (dBm) FIMD (MHz) PIMD (dBm) IIPx (dBm) IMD3 IMD2 low IMD2 high 1950 1950 1950 20 20 20 1760 190 4090 -15 -15 -15 2140 2140 2140 -106 -102 -115 65.5 107 120 TX Band 5 Intermodulation Products UMTS Band 5 Interferer Testcase FIN (MHz) PIN (dBm) FIN (MHz) PIN (dBm) FIMD (MHz) PIMD (dBm) IIPx (dBm) IMD3 IMD2 low IMD2 high 835 835 835 20 20 20 790 45 1715 -15 -15 -15 880 880 880 -109 -95 -107 67 100 112 6 Harmonic Generation Harmonic generation is another important parameter for the characterization of a RF switch. RF switches have to deal with high RF levels, up to 27 dBm. With this high RF power at the input of the switch harmonics are generated. This harmonics (2 nd rd and 3 ) can disturb the other reception bands or cause distortion in other RF applications (GPS, WLan) within the mobile phone. Load -20dB Directional Coupler -20dB Signal Generator Power Amplifier Circulator Tunable Bandpass Filter A Power meter Agilent E4419B -3dB B DUT ANT K&L Signal Analyzer Figure 13 -20dB Tunable Bandstop Filter Tx Directional Coupler Set-up for harmonics measurement Application Note AN366, Rev. 1.1 14 / 19 2014-05-23 BGS18MN14 Diversity RF Frontend Applications Harmonic Generation nd rd The results for the harmonic generation at 830 MHZ are shown in Figure 14 (2 harmonic) and Figure 15 (3 harmonic) for all RF ports. At the x-axis the input power is plotted and at the y- axis the generated harmonics in dBm. BGS18MN14 RX at fin=786.5MHz -50 RX1 -55 RX2 -60 RX3 H2 (dBm) -65 RX4 -70 RX5 -75 RX6 -80 RX7 -85 RX8 -90 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Pin (dBm) Figure 14 nd 2 Harmonic at fc=786,5 MHz BGS18MN14 RX at fin=786.5MHz -30 RX1 -35 -40 RX2 -45 RX3 H3 (dBm) -50 -55 RX4 -60 RX5 -65 RX6 -70 -75 RX7 -80 RX8 -85 -90 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Pin (dBm) Figure 15 rd 3 harmonic at fc=786,5 MHz Application Note AN366, Rev. 1.1 15 / 19 2014-05-23 BGS18MN14 Diversity RF Frontend Applications Harmonic Generation BGS18MN14 RX at fin=1800MHz -30 RX1 -35 -40 RX2 -45 RX3 H2 (dBm) -50 -55 RX4 -60 RX5 -65 RX6 -70 -75 RX7 -80 RX8 -85 -90 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Pin (dBm) Figure 16 nd 2 Harmonic at fc=1800 MHz BGS18MN14 RX at fin=1800MHz -30 RX1 -35 -40 RX2 -45 RX3 H3 (dBm) -50 -55 RX4 -60 RX5 -65 RX6 -70 -75 RX7 -80 RX8 -85 -90 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Pin (dBm) Figure 17 rd 3 Harmonic at fc=1800 MHz Application Note AN366, Rev. 1.1 16 / 19 2014-05-23 BGS18MN14 Diversity RF Frontend Applications Appendix: Switch Controller Unit Appendix: Switch Controller Unit 7 The BGS18MN14 is controlled via MIPI interface and Infineon offers a MIPIcontroller unit to ease the evaluation of its BGS18MN14 on application board. The unit is very simple to use with a few buttons to select the right device and different states. This section helps as a short user guide for the controller unit shown in Figure 18. The controller unit requires a DC supply of 5.5V with a current capability of 50mA. G VG N CN D CD to BGSF18D P3 P2 GND GND Vcc LVdd FRM GND GND NC SPI CLK Figure 18 P1 Switch Controller Unit Board Please observe the following steps to use the controller unit: 7.1 Operating Guide 1. 2. 3. 4. Connect evalboard and control unit via controller cable Connect control unit to power supply Version number “S.0” is displayed Press P1 and P3 simultaneously until desired switch type is displayed - “0D” for BGS110MN20 - “8D” for BGS18MN14 - “6D” for BGS16MN14 * 5. Press P1 or P3 to enable active mode “PU” is displayed 6. Press P1 or P3 to alter switch state - IS … Isolation Mode (all channels off) - PD … Power Down Mode (low current consumption) - PU ... Power Up Mode (active mode) - R1 – R0 ... RX1 – RX10 enabled Application Note AN366, Rev. 1.1 17 / 19 2014-05-23 BGS18MN14 Diversity RF Frontend Applications Authors 8 Authors Ralph Kuhn, Senior Staff Application Engineer of the Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Andre Dewai, Senior Application Engineer of the Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Application Note AN366, Rev. 1.1 18 / 19 2014-05-23 w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m Published by Infineon Technologies AG AN366