INTEGRATED CIRCUITS DATA SHEET PCF8576C Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates Product specification Supersedes data of 1997 Nov 14 File under Integrated Circuits, IC12 1998 Jul 30 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates CONTENTS 1 FEATURES 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 3 ORDERING INFORMATION 4 BLOCK DIAGRAM 5 PINNING 6 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 Power-on reset LCD bias generator LCD voltage selector LCD drive mode waveforms Static drive mode 1 : 2 multiplex drive mode 1 : 3 multiplex drive mode 1 : 4 multiplex drive mode Oscillator Internal clock External clock Timing Display latch Shift register Segment outputs Backplane outputs Display RAM Data pointer Subaddress counter Output bank selector Input bank selector Blinker 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE I2C-BUS 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 Bit transfer (see Fig.12) Start and stop conditions (see Fig.13) System configuration (see Fig.14) Acknowledge (see Fig.15) PCF8576C I2C-bus controller Input filters I2C-bus protocol Command decoder Display controller Cascaded operation 1998 Jul 30 2 PCF8576C 8 LIMITING VALUES 9 HANDLING 10 DC CHARACTERISTICS 11 AC CHARACTERISTICS 11.1 11.2 Typical supply current characteristics Typical characteristics of LC D outputs 12 APPLICATION INFORMATION 12.1 Chip-on-glass cascadability in single plane 13 BONDING PAD LOCATIONS 14 PACKAGE OUTLINES 15 SOLDERING 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.3.1 15.3.2 15.3.3 15.4 Introduction Reflow soldering Wave soldering LQFP VSO Method (LQFP and VSO) Repairing soldered joints 16 DEFINITIONS 17 LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS 18 PURCHASE OF PHILIPS I2C COMPONENTS Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 1 PCF8576C FEATURES • Single-chip LCD controller/driver • Selectable backplane drive configuration: static or 2/3/4 backplane multiplexing • Selectable display bias configuration: static, 1/2 or 1/3 • Internal LCD bias generation with voltage-follower buffers • May be cascaded for large LCD applications (up to 2560 segments possible) • 40 segment drives: up to twenty 8-segment numeric characters; up to ten 15-segment alphanumeric characters; or any graphics of up to 160 elements • Cascadable with 24-segment LCD driver PCF8566 • Optimized pinning for plane wiring in both and multiple PCF8576C applications • 40 × 4-bit RAM for display data storage • Auto-incremented display data loading across device subaddress boundaries • Space-saving 56-lead plastic very small outline package (VSO56) or 64-lead low profile quad flat package (LQFP64) • Display memory bank switching in static and duplex drive modes • No external components • Compatible with chip-on-glass technology • Versatile blinking modes • Manufactured in silicon gate CMOS process. • LCD and logic supplies may be separated • Wide power supply range: from 2 V for low-threshold LCDs and up to 6 V for guest-host LCDs and high-threshold (automobile) twisted nematic LCDs. 2 The PCF8576C is a peripheral device which interfaces to almost any Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) with low multiplex rates. It generates the drive signals for any static or multiplexed LCD containing up to four backplanes and up to 40 segments and can easily be cascaded for larger LCD applications. The PCF8576C is compatible with most microprocessors/microcontrollers and communicates via a two-line bidirectional I2C-bus. Communication overheads are minimized by a display RAM with auto-incremented addressing, by hardware subaddressing and by display memory switching (static and duplex drive modes). A 9 V version is also available on request. • Low power consumption • Power-saving mode for extremely low power consumption in battery-operated and telephone applications • I2C-bus interface • TTL/CMOS compatible • Compatible with any 4-bit, 8-bit or 16-bit microprocessors/microcontrollers 3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ORDERING INFORMATION PACKAGE TYPE NUMBER NAME DESCRIPTION VERSION plastic very small outline package; 56 leads SOT190-1 PCF8576CT VSO56 PCF8576CU − chip in tray − PCF8576CU/2 − chip with bumps in tray − PCF8576CU/5 − unsawn wafer − PCF8576CU/7 − chip with bumps on tape − PCF8576CU/10 FFC chip-on-film frame carrier − FFC chip with bumps on film frame carrier PCF8576CU/12 PCF8576CH 1998 Jul 30 LQFP64 plastic low profile quad flat package; 64 leads; body 10 × 10 × 1.4 mm 3 − SOT314-2 This text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here in _white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here inThis text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader. white to force landscape pages to be ... 40 13 VDD 5 14 15 16 BACKPLANE OUTPUTS 17 to 56 DISPLAY SEGMENT OUTPUTS LCD VOLTAGE SELECTOR VLCD SYNC LCD BIAS GENERATOR SHIFT REGISTER PCF8576C 4 3 TIMING INPUT BANK SELECTOR BLINKER DISPLAY RAM 40 x 4 BITS OUTPUT BANK SELECTOR DISPLAY CONTROLLER OSC V SS SCL SDA 6 OSCILLATOR POWERON RESET DATA POINTER COMMAND DECODER 11 2 1 INPUT FILTERS SUBADDRESS COUNTER I 2C - BUS CONTROLLER 10 7 A0 8 A1 9 A2 Fig.1 Block diagram; VSO56. PCF8576C MLD332 Product specification SA0 handbook, full pagewidth 4 CLK 12 DISPLAY LATCH Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates BLOCK DIAGRAM S0 to S39 Philips Semiconductors 4 1998 Jul 30 BP0 BP2 BP1 BP3 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 5 PCF8576C PINNING PIN SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SOT190 SOT314 SDA 1 10 I2C-bus serial data input/output SCL 2 11 I2C-bus serial clock input SYNC 3 12 cascade synchronization input/output CLK 4 13 external clock input VDD 5 14 supply voltage oscillator input OSC 6 15 7 to 9 16 to 18 10 19 I2C-bus slave address input; bit 0 VSS 11 20 logic ground VLCD 12 21 LCD supply voltage BP0, BP2, BP1, BP3 13 to 16 25 to 28 S0 to S39 17 to 56 29 to 32, 34 to 47, 49 to 64, 2 to 7 − 1, 8, 9, 22 to 24, 33 and 48 A0 to A2 SA0 n.c. 1998 Jul 30 5 I2C-bus subaddress inputs LCD backplane outputs LCD segment outputs not connected Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576C handbook, halfpage SDA 1 56 S39 SCL 2 55 S38 SYNC 3 54 S37 CLK 4 53 S36 VDD 5 52 S35 OSC 6 51 S34 A0 7 50 S33 A1 8 49 S32 A2 9 48 S31 SA0 10 47 S30 VSS 11 46 S29 VLCD 12 45 S28 BP0 13 44 S27 BP2 14 43 S26 PCF8576CT BP1 15 42 S25 BP3 16 41 S24 S0 17 40 S23 S1 18 39 S22 S2 19 38 S21 S3 20 37 S20 S4 21 36 S19 S5 22 35 S18 S6 23 34 S17 S7 24 33 S16 S8 25 32 S15 S9 26 31 S14 S10 27 30 S13 S11 28 29 S12 MLD334 Fig.2 Pin configuration; VSO56. 1998 Jul 30 6 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 49 S18 50 S19 51 S20 52 S21 53 S22 54 S23 55 S24 PCF8576C 56 S25 57 S26 58 S27 59 S28 60 S29 61 S30 62 S31 64 S33 handbook, full pagewidth 63 S32 Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates n.c. 1 48 n.c. S34 2 47 S17 S35 3 46 S16 S36 4 45 S15 S37 5 44 S14 S38 6 43 S13 S39 7 42 S12 n.c. 8 41 S11 PCF8576CH n.c. 9 40 S10 SDA 10 39 S9 SCL 11 38 S8 SYNC 12 37 S7 CLK 13 36 S6 VDD 14 35 S5 OSC 15 34 S4 Fig.3 Pin configuration; LQFP64. 1998 Jul 30 7 S3 32 S2 31 S1 30 S0 29 BP3 28 BP1 27 BP2 26 BP0 25 n.c. 24 n.c. 23 n.c. 22 VLCD 21 VSS 20 SA0 19 A2 18 33 n.c. A1 17 A0 16 MLD333 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6 PCF8576C The host microprocessor/microcontroller maintains the 2-line I2C-bus communication channel with the PCF8576C. The internal oscillator is selected by tying OSC (pin 6) to VSS (pin 11). The appropriate biasing voltages for the multiplexed LCD waveforms are generated internally. The only other connections required to complete the system are to the power supplies (VDD, VSS and VLCD) and the LCD panel chosen for the application. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The PCF8576C is a versatile peripheral device designed to interface to any microprocessor/microcontroller to a wide variety of LCDs. It can directly drive any static or multiplexed LCD containing up to four backplanes and up to 40 segments. The display configurations possible with the PCF8576C depend on the number of active backplane outputs required; a selection of display configurations is given in Table 1. All of the display configurations given in Table 1 can be implemented in the typical system shown in Fig.4. Table 1 Selection of display configurations NUMBER OF 14-SEGMENTS ALPHANUMERIC 7-SEGMENTS NUMERIC DOT MATRIX BACKPLANES SEGMENTS INDICATOR SYMBOLS DIGITS CHARACTERS INDICATOR SYMBOLS 4 160 20 20 10 20 160 dots (4 × 40) 3 120 15 15 8 8 120 dots (3 × 40) 2 80 10 10 5 10 80 dots (2 × 40) 1 40 5 5 2 12 40 dots (1 × 40) handbook, full pagewidth V DD R tr 2CB V DD V 5 HOST MICROPROCESSOR/ MICROCONTROLLER SDA SCL OSC LCD 12 1 17 to 56 40 segment drives PCF8576CT 2 6 13 to 16 7 A0 8 9 A1 A2 10 4 backplanes Fig.4 Typical system configuration. 8 (up to 160 elements) 11 SA0 V SS V SS 1998 Jul 30 LCD PANEL MBE524 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6.1 Power-on reset 6.3 At power-on the PCF8576C resets to a starting condition as follows: 2. All segment outputs are set to VDD. 3. The drive mode ‘1 : 4 multiplex with 1⁄3bias’ is selected. 4. Blinking is switched off. 5. Input and output bank selectors are reset (as defined in Table 5). 6. The LCD voltage selector The LCD voltage selector co-ordinates the multiplexing of the LCD in accordance with the selected LCD drive configuration. The operation of the voltage selector is controlled by MODE SET commands from the command decoder. The biasing configurations that apply to the preferred modes of operation, together with the biasing characteristics as functions of Vop = VDD − VLCD and the resulting discrimination ratios (D), are given in Table 2. 1. All backplane outputs are set to VDD. I2C-bus PCF8576C A practical value for Vop is determined by equating Voff(rms) with a defined LCD threshold voltage (Vth), typically when the LCD exhibits approximately 10% contrast. In the static drive mode a suitable choice is Vop > 3Vth approximately. interface is initialized. 7. The data pointer and the subaddress counter are cleared. Multiplex drive ratios of 1 : 3 and 1 : 4 with 1⁄2bias are possible but the discrimination and hence the contrast Data transfers on the I2C-bus should be avoided for 1 ms following power-on to allow completion of the reset action. ratios are smaller ( 3 = 1.732 for 1 : 3 multiplex or 6.2 LCD bias generator 21 ---------- = 1.528 for 1 : 4 multiplex). 3 The advantage of these modes is a reduction of the LCD full-scale voltage Vop as follows: The full-scale LCD voltage (Vop) is obtained from VDD − VLCD. The LCD voltage may be temperature compensated externally through the VLCD supply to pin 12. Fractional LCD biasing voltages are obtained from an internal voltage divider of the three series resistors connected between VDD and VLCD. The centre resistor can be switched out of the circuit to provide a 1⁄2bias voltage level for the 1 : 2 multiplex configuration. • 1 : 3 multiplex (1⁄2bias): Vop = 6 × V off 〈 rms〉 = 2.449 Voff(rms) • 1 : 4 multiplex (1⁄2bias): ( 4 × 3 ) = 2.309 Voff(rms) Vop = ----------------------3 These compare with Vop = 3 Voff(rms) when 1⁄3bias is used. Table 2 Preferred LCD drive modes: summary of characteristics NUMBER OF static V off(rms) --------------------V op V on(rms) --------------------V op V on(rms) D = --------------------V off(rms) BACKPLANES LEVELS LCD BIAS CONFIGURATION 1 2 static 0 1 ∞ LCD DRIVE MODE 1:2 2 3 1⁄ 2 0.354 0.791 2.236 1:2 2 4 1⁄ 3 0.333 0.745 2.236 4 1⁄ 3 0.333 0.638 1.915 4 1⁄ 3 0.333 0.577 1.732 1:3 1:4 1998 Jul 30 3 4 9 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6.4 6.4.1 PCF8576C LCD drive mode waveforms STATIC DRIVE MODE The static LCD drive mode is used when a single backplane is provided in the LCD. Backplane and segment drive waveforms for this mode are shown in Fig.5. T frame LCD segments V DD BP0 V LCD state 1 (on) V DD state 2 (off) Sn V LCD VDD Sn 1 V LCD (a) waveforms at driver V op state 1 0 Vop V op state 2 0 Vop (b) resultant waveforms at LCD segment MBE539 V state1(t) = V S (t) – V BP0(t) n V on(rms) = V op V state2(t) = V S n+1 (t) – V BP0(t) V off(rms) = 0 V Fig.5 Static drive mode waveforms (Vop = VDD − VLCD). 1998 Jul 30 10 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6.4.2 PCF8576C 1 : 2 MULTIPLEX DRIVE MODE When two backplanes are provided in the LCD, the 1 : 2 multiplex mode applies. The PCF8576C allows use of 1⁄2bias or 1⁄ bias in this mode as shown in Figs 6 and 7. 3 T frame VDD BP0 (VDD LCD segments V LCD )/2 V LCD state 1 VDD BP1 (VDD state 2 V LCD )/2 V LCD VDD Sn V LCD VDD Sn 1 V LCD (a) waveforms at driver Vop V op /2 state 1 0 V op /2 Vop Vop V op /2 state 2 0 V op /2 Vop (b) resultant waveforms at LCD segment MBE540 V state1(t) = V S (t) – V BP0(t) n V on(rms) = 0.791V op V state2(t) = V S (t) – V BP1(t) n V off(rms) = 0.354V op Fig.6 Waveforms for the 1 : 2 multiplex drive mode with 1⁄2bias (Vop = VDD − VLCD). 1998 Jul 30 11 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576C T frame BP0 VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD BP1 VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD Sn VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD Sn 1 VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD LCD segments state 1 state 2 (a) waveforms at driver state 1 Vop 2Vop /3 Vop /3 0 Vop /3 2Vop /3 Vop state 2 Vop 2Vop /3 Vop /3 0 Vop /3 2Vop /3 Vop (b) resultant waveforms at LCD segment MBE541 V state1(t) = V S (t) – V BP0(t) n V on(rms) = 0.745V op V state2(t) = V S (t) – V BP1(t) n V off(rms) = 0.333V op Fig.7 Waveforms for the 1 : 2 multiplex drive mode with 1⁄3bias (Vop = VDD − VLCD). 1998 Jul 30 12 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6.4.3 PCF8576C 1 : 3 MULTIPLEX DRIVE MODE When three backplanes are provided in the LCD, the 1 : 3 multiplex drive mode applies, as shown in Fig.8. T frame BP0 VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD BP1 VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD BP2/S23 VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD Sn VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD Sn 1 VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD Sn 2 VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD LCD segments state 1 state 2 (a) waveforms at driver state 1 Vop 2V op /3 Vop /3 0 Vop /3 2V op /3 Vop state 2 Vop 2V op /3 Vop /3 0 Vop /3 2V op /3 Vop (b) resultant waveforms at LCD segment MBE542 V state1(t) = V S (t) – V BP0(t) n V on(rms) = 0.638V op V state2(t) = V S (t) – V BP1(t) n V off(rms) = 0.333V op Fig.8 Waveforms for the 1 : 3 multiplex drive mode (Vop = VDD − VLCD). 1998 Jul 30 13 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6.4.4 PCF8576C 1 : 4 MULTIPLEX DRIVE MODE When four backplanes are provided in the LCD, the 1 : 4 multiplex drive mode applies, as shown in Fig.9. T frame BP0 VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD BP1 VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD BP2 VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD BP3 VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD Sn VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD Sn 1 VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD Sn 2 VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD Sn 3 VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD LCD segments state 1 state 2 (a) waveforms at driver state 1 Vop 2Vop /3 V op /3 0 V op /3 2Vop /3 Vop state 2 Vop 2Vop /3 V op /3 0 V op /3 2Vop /3 Vop V state1(t) = V S (t) – V BP0(t) n V on(rms) = 0.577V op V state2(t) = V S (t) – V BP1(t) n V off(rms) = 0.333V op (b) resultant waveforms at LCD segment MBE543 Fig.9 Waveforms for the 1 : 4 multiplex drive mode (Vop = VDD − VLCD). 1998 Jul 30 14 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6.5 6.5.1 When a device is unable to digest a display data byte before the next one arrives, it holds the SCL line LOW until the first display data byte is stored. This slows down the transmission rate of the I2C-bus but no data loss occurs. Oscillator INTERNAL CLOCK The internal logic and the LCD drive signals of the PCF8576C are timed either by the built-in oscillator or from an external clock. When the internal oscillator is used, OSC (pin 6) should be connected to VSS (pin 11). In this event, the output from CLK (pin 4) provides the clock signal for cascaded PCF8566s or PCF8576Cs in the system. 6.7 6.8 6.9 Segment outputs The LCD drive section includes 40 segment outputs S0 to S39 (pins 17 to 56) which should be connected directly to the LCD. The segment output signals are generated in accordance with the multiplexed backplane signals and with data resident in the display latch. When less than 40 segment outputs are required the unused segment outputs should be left open-circuit. The clock frequency (fclk) determines the LCD frame frequency and the maximum rate for data reception from the I2C-bus. To allow I2C-bus transmissions at their maximum data rate of 100 kHz, fclk should be chosen to be above 125 kHz. A clock signal must always be supplied to the device; removing the clock may freeze the LCD in a DC state. 6.10 Timing Backplane outputs The LCD drive section includes four backplane outputs BP0 to BP3 which should be connected directly to the LCD. The backplane output signals are generated in accordance with the selected LCD drive mode. If less than four backplane outputs are required the unused outputs can be left open-circuit. In the 1 : 3 multiplex drive mode BP3 carries the same signal as BP1, therefore these two adjacent outputs can be tied together to give enhanced drive capabilities. In the 1 : 2 multiplex drive mode BP0 and BP2, BP1 and BP3 respectively carry the same signals and may also be paired to increase the drive capabilities. In the static drive mode the same signal is carried by all four backplane outputs and they can be connected in parallel for very high drive requirements. The timing of the PCF8576C organizes the internal data flow of the device. This includes the transfer of display data from the display RAM to the display segment outputs. In cascaded applications, the synchronization signal SYNC maintains the correct timing relationship between the PCF8576Cs in the system. The timing also generates the LCD frame frequency which it derives as an integer multiple of the clock frequency (see Table 3). The frame frequency is set by the MODE SET commands when internal clock is used, or by the frequency applied to pin 4 when external clock is used. The ratio between the clock frequency and the LCD frame frequency depends on the mode in which the device is operating. In the power-saving mode the reduction ratio is six times smaller; this allows the clock frequency to be reduced by a factor of six. The reduced clock frequency results in a significant reduction in power dissipation. The lower clock frequency has the disadvantage of increasing the response time when large amounts of display data are transmitted on the I2C-bus. 1998 Jul 30 Shift register The shift register serves to transfer display information from the display RAM to the display latch while previous data is displayed. EXTERNAL CLOCK The condition for external clock is made by tying OSC (pin 6) to VDD; CLK (pin 4) then becomes the external clock input. 6.6 Display latch The display latch holds the display data while the corresponding multiplex signals are generated. There is a one-to-one relationship between the data in the display latch, the LCD segment outputs and one column of the display RAM. Note that the PCF8576C is backwards compatible with the PCF8576. Where resistor Rosc to VSS is present, the internal oscillator is selected. 6.5.2 PCF8576C 15 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6.11 PCF8576C In the 1 : 2 multiplex drive mode the eight transmitted data bits are placed in bits 0 and 1 of four successive display RAM addresses. In the 1 : 3 multiplex drive mode these bits are placed in bits 0, 1 and 2 of three successive addresses, with bit 2 of the third address left unchanged. This last bit may, if necessary, be controlled by an additional transfer to this address but care should be taken to avoid overriding adjacent data because full bytes are always transmitted. In the 1 : 4 multiplex drive mode the eight transmitted data bits are placed in bits 0, 1, 2 and 3 of two successive display RAM addresses. Display RAM The display RAM is a static 40 × 4-bit RAM which stores LCD data. A logic 1 in the RAM bit-map indicates the on state of the corresponding LCD segment; similarly, a logic 0 indicates the off state. There is a one-to-one correspondence between the RAM addresses and the segment outputs, and between the individual bits of a RAM word and the backplane outputs. The first RAM column corresponds to the 40 segments operated with respect to backplane BP0 (see Fig.10). In multiplexed LCD applications the segment data of the second, third and fourth column of the display RAM are time-multiplexed with BP1, BP2 and BP3 respectively. Table 3 When display data is transmitted to the PCF8576C the display bytes received are stored in the display RAM in accordance with the selected LCD drive mode. To illustrate the filling order, an example of a 7-segment numeric display showing all drive modes is given in Fig.11; the RAM filling organization depicted applies equally to other LCD types. LCD frame frequencies FRAME FREQUENCY NOMINAL FRAME FREQUENCY (Hz) Normal mode f clk ------------2880 64 Power-saving mode f clk ---------480 64 PCF8576C MODE With reference to Fig.11, in the static drive mode the eight transmitted data bits are placed in bit 0 of eight successive display RAM addresses. display RAM addresses (rows) / segment outputs (S) 0 1 2 3 4 35 36 37 38 39 0 display RAM bits 1 (columns) / backplane outputs 2 (BP) 3 MBE525 Fig.10 Display RAM bit-map showing direct relationship between display RAM addresses and segment outputs, and between bits in a RAM word and backplane outputs. 1998 Jul 30 16 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6.12 Data pointer 6.14 The addressing mechanism for the display RAM is realized using the data pointer. This allows the loading of an individual display data byte, or a series of display data bytes, into any location of the display RAM. The sequence commences with the initialization of the data pointer by the LOAD DATA POINTER command. Following this, an arriving data byte is stored starting at the display RAM address indicated by the data pointer thereby observing the filling order shown in Fig.11. The data pointer is automatically incremented in accordance with the chosen LCD configuration. That is, after each byte is stored, the contents of the data pointer are incremented by eight (static drive mode), by four (1 : 2 multiplex drive mode) or by two (1 : 4 multiplex drive mode). 6.13 Output bank selector This selects one of the four bits per display RAM address for transfer to the display latch. The actual bit chosen depends on the particular LCD drive mode in operation and on the instant in the multiplex sequence. In 1 : 4 multiplex, all RAM addresses of bit 0 are the first to be selected, these are followed by the contents of bit 1, bit 2 and then bit 3. Similarly in 1 : 3 multiplex, bits 0, 1 and 2 are selected sequentially. In 1 : 2 multiplex, bits 0 and 1 are selected and, in the static mode, bit 0 is selected. The PCF8576C includes a RAM bank switching feature in the static and 1 : 2 multiplex drive modes. In the static drive mode, the BANK SELECT command may request the contents of bit 2 to be selected for display instead of bit 0 contents. In the 1 : 2 drive mode, the contents of bits 2 and 3 may be selected instead of bits 0 and 1. This gives the provision for preparing display information in an alternative bank and to be able to switch to it once it is assembled. Subaddress counter The storage of display data is conditioned by the contents of the subaddress counter. Storage is allowed to take place only when the contents of the subaddress counter agree with the hardware subaddress applied to A0, A1 and A2. The subaddress counter value is defined by the DEVICE SELECT command. If the contents of the subaddress counter and the hardware subaddress do not agree then data storage is inhibited but the data pointer is incremented as if data storage had taken place. The subaddress counter is also incremented when the data pointer overflows. 6.15 Input bank selector The input bank selector loads display data into the display RAM in accordance with the selected LCD drive configuration. Display data can be loaded in bit 2 in static drive mode or in bits 2 and 3 in 1 : 2 drive mode by using the BANK SELECT command. The input bank selector functions independent of the output bank selector. The storage arrangements described lead to extremely efficient data loading in cascaded applications. When a series of display bytes are sent to the display RAM, automatic wrap-over to the next PCF8576C occurs when the last RAM address is exceeded. Subaddressing across device boundaries is successful even if the change to the next device in the cascade occurs within a transmitted character (such as during the 14th display data byte transmitted in 1 : 3 multiplex mode). 1998 Jul 30 PCF8576C 17 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6.16 By means of the output bank selector, the displayed RAM banks are exchanged with alternate RAM banks at the blinking frequency. This mode can also be specified by the BLINK command. Blinker The display blinking capabilities of the PCF8576C are very versatile. The whole display can be blinked at frequencies selected by the BLINK command. The blinking frequencies are integer multiples of the clock frequency; the ratios between the clock and blinking frequencies depend on the mode in which the device is operating, as shown in Table 4. In the 1 : 3 and 1 : 4 multiplex modes, where no alternate RAM bank is available, groups of LCD segments can be blinked by selectively changing the display RAM data at fixed time intervals. If the entire display is to be blinked at a frequency other than the nominal blinking frequency, this can be effectively performed by resetting and setting the display enable bit E at the required rate using the MODE SET command. An additional feature is for an arbitrary selection of LCD segments to be blinked. This applies to the static and 1 : 2 LCD drive modes and can be implemented without any communication overheads. Table 4 PCF8576C Blinking frequencies BLINKING MODE NORMAL OPERATING MODE RATIO POWER-SAVING MODE RATIO NOMINAL BLINKING FREQUENCY Off − − blinking off 2 Hz f clk ---------------92160 f clk ---------------15360 2 Hz 1 Hz f clk -------------------184320 f clk ---------------30720 1 Hz 0.5 Hz f clk -------------------368640 f clk ---------------61440 0.5 Hz 1998 Jul 30 18 This text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here in _white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here inThis text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader. white to force landscape pages to be ... static a 2 Sn 3 Sn 4 Sn 5 Sn 6 b f g e 1 Sn 2 Sn 3 19 Sn 1:3 Sn Sn 7 DP c d DP b f BP1 BP2 DP a b BP0 n 5 n 6 n 7 c x x x b x x x a x x x f x x x g x x x e x x x d x x x DP x x x n n 1 n 2 n 3 a b x x f g x x e c x x d DP x x n n 1 n 2 b DP c x a d g x f e x x n n 1 a c b DP f e g d LSB c b a f g e d DP e 0 1 2 3 bit/ BP BP1 c d MSB a b f LSB g e c d DP MSB LSB b DP c a d g f e BP2 g BP3 MSB a c b DP f LSB e g d DP Product specification Fig.11 Relationships between LCD layout, drive mode, display RAM filling order and display data transmitted over the I2C-bus. MBE534 PCF8576C x = data bit unchanged. 0 1 2 3 bit/ BP f 1 n 4 Sn c Sn Sn n 3 BP0 a d multiplex 0 1 2 3 bit/ BP BP1 e e 1:4 n 2 b f g multiplex n 1 BP0 a 1 2 n MSB 0 1 2 3 bit/ BP g multiplex transmitted display byte 1 Sn c Sn Sn BP0 Sn d 1:2 display RAM filling order handbook, full pagewidth Sn LCD backplanes Philips Semiconductors LCD segments Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 1998 Jul 30 drive mode Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE I2C-BUS 7.5 The I2C-bus is for bidirectional, two-line communication between different ICs or modules. The two lines are a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL). Both lines must be connected to a positive supply via a pull-up resistor when connected to the output stages of a device. Data transfer may be initiated only when the bus is not busy. 7.1 In single device application, the hardware subaddress inputs A0, A1 and A2 are normally tied to VSS which defines the hardware subaddress 0. In multiple device applications A0, A1 and A2 are tied to VSS or VDD in accordance with a binary coding scheme such that no two devices with a common I2C-bus slave address have the same hardware subaddress. Bit transfer (see Fig.12) Start and stop conditions (see Fig.13) In the power-saving mode it is possible that the PCF8576C is not able to keep up with the highest transmission rates when large amounts of display data are transmitted. If this situation occurs, the PCF8576C forces the SCL line LOW until its internal operations are completed. This is known as the ‘clock synchronization feature’ of the I2C-bus and serves to slow down fast transmitters. Data loss does not occur. Both data and clock lines remain HIGH when the bus is not busy. A HIGH-to-LOW transition of the data line, while the clock is HIGH is defined as the START condition (S). A LOW-to-HIGH transition of the data line while the clock is HIGH is defined as the STOP condition (P). 7.3 System configuration (see Fig.14) A device generating a message is a ‘transmitter’, a device receiving a message is the ‘receiver’. The device that controls the message is the ‘master’ and the devices which are controlled by the master are the ‘slaves’. 7.4 PCF8576C I2C-bus controller The PCF8576C acts as an I2C-bus slave receiver. It does not initiate I2C-bus transfers or transmit data to an I2C-bus master receiver. The only data output from the PCF8576C are the acknowledge signals of the selected devices. Device selection depends on the I2C-bus slave address, on the transferred command data and on the hardware subaddress. One data bit is transferred during each clock pulse. The data on the SDA line must remain stable during the HIGH period of the clock pulse as changes in the data line at this time will be interpreted as a control signal. 7.2 PCF8576C 7.6 Input filters To enhance noise immunity in electrically adverse environments, RC low-pass filters are provided on the SDA and SCL lines. Acknowledge (see Fig.15) 7.7 The number of data bytes transferred between the START and STOP conditions from transmitter to receiver is unlimited. Each byte of eight bits is followed by an acknowledge bit. The acknowledge bit is a HIGH level signal put on the bus by the transmitter during which time the master generates an extra acknowledge related clock pulse. A slave receiver which is addressed must generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte. Also a master receiver must generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte that has been clocked out of the slave transmitter. The device that acknowledges must pull-down the SDA line during the acknowledge clock pulse, so that the SDA line is stable LOW during the HIGH period of the acknowledge related clock pulse (set-up and hold times must be taken into consideration). A master receiver must signal an end of data to the transmitter by not generating an acknowledge on the last byte that has been clocked out of the slave. In this event the transmitter must leave the data line HIGH to enable the master to generate a STOP condition. 1998 Jul 30 I2C-bus protocol Two I2C-bus slave addresses (0111000 and 0111001) are reserved for the PCF8576C. The least significant bit of the slave address that a PCF8576C will respond to is defined by the level tied at its input SA0 (pin 10). Therefore, two types of PCF8576C can be distinguished on the same I2C-bus which allows: 1. Up to 16 PCF8576Cs on the same I2C-bus for very large LCD applications. 2. The use of two types of LCD multiplex on the same I2C-bus. The I2C-bus protocol is shown in Fig.16. The sequence is initiated with a START condition (S) from the I2C-bus master which is followed by one of the two PCF8675C slave addresses available. All PCF8576Cs with the corresponding SA0 level acknowledge in parallel with the slave address but all PCF8576Cs with the alternative SA0 level ignore the whole I2C-bus transfer. 20 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576C After acknowledgement, one or more command bytes (m) follow which define the status of the addressed PCF8576Cs. 7.8 Command decoder The command decoder identifies command bytes that arrive on the I2C-bus. All available commands carry a continuation bit C in their most significant bit position (Fig.17). When this bit is set, it indicates that the next byte of the transfer to arrive will also represent a command. If this bit is reset, it indicates the last command byte of the transfer. Further bytes will be regarded as display data. The last command byte is tagged with a cleared most significant bit, the continuation bit C. The command bytes are also acknowledged by all addressed PCF8576Cs on the bus. After the last command byte, a series of display data bytes (n) may follow. These display bytes are stored in the display RAM at the address specified by the data pointer and the subaddress counter. Both data pointer and subaddress counter are automatically updated and the data is directed to the intended PCF8576C device. The acknowledgement after each byte is made only by the (A0, A1 and A2) addressed PCF8576C. After the last display byte, the I2C-bus master issues a STOP condition (P). The five commands available to the PCF8576C are defined in Table 5. SDA SCL data line stable; data valid change of data allowed MBA607 Fig.12 Bit transfer. handbook, full pagewidth SDA SDA SCL SCL S P START condition STOP condition Fig.13 Definition of START and STOP conditions. 1998 Jul 30 21 MBC622 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates MASTER TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER PCF8576C SLAVE TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER SLAVE RECEIVER MASTER TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER MASTER TRANSMITTER SDA SCL MGA807 Fig.14 System configuration. handbook, full pagewidth DATA OUTPUT BY TRANSMITTER not acknowledge DATA OUTPUT BY RECEIVER acknowledge SCL FROM MASTER 1 2 8 9 S clock pulse for acknowledgement START condition MBC602 Fig.15 Acknowledgement on the I2C-bus. 1998 Jul 30 22 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576C acknowledge by A0, A1 and A2 selected PCF8576C only acknowledge by all addressed PCF8576Cs handbook, full pagewidth R/ W slave address S S 0 1 1 1 0 0 A 0 A C COMMAND 0 1 byte n A DISPLAY DATA 1 byte(s) n Fig.16 I2C-bus protocol. C LSB REST OF OPCODE MSA833 C = 0; last command. C = 1; commands continue. Fig.17 General format of command byte. 1998 Jul 30 23 P 0 byte(s) MBE538 MSB A update data pointers and if necessary, subaddress counter Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates Table 5 PCF8576C Definition of PCF8576C commands COMMAND MODE SET OPCODE C 1 0 LP OPTIONS E B M1 M0 DESCRIPTION Table 6 Defines LCD drive mode. Table 7 Defines LCD bias configuration. Table 8 Defines display status. The possibility to disable the display allows implementation of blinking under external control. Table 9 Defines power dissipation mode. LOAD DATA POINTER C 0 P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 P0 Table 10 Six bits of immediate data, bits P5 to P0, are transferred to the data pointer to define one of forty display RAM addresses. DEVICE SELECT C 1 1 0 0 A2 A1 A0 Table 11 Three bits of immediate data, bits A0 to A3, are transferred to the subaddress counter to define one of eight hardware subaddresses. BANK SELECT C 1 1 1 1 0 I O Table 12 Defines input bank selection (storage of arriving display data). Table 13 Defines output bank selection (retrieval of LCD display data). The BANK SELECT command has no effect in 1 : 3 and 1 : 4 multiplex drive modes. BLINK Table 6 C 1 1 1 0 A BF1 BF0 Mode set option 1 BACKPLANE BITS M1 M0 1 BP 0 1 1:2 MUX (2 BP) 1 0 1:3 MUX (3 BP) 1 1 1:4 MUX (4 BP) 0 0 3bias 0 1⁄ 2bias 1 1998 Jul 30 24 BIT E 0 Enabled 1 Mode set option 4 MODE BIT B 1⁄ Mode set option 3 Disabled (blank) Table 9 Mode set option 2 LCD BIAS Selects the blinking mode; normal operation with frequency set by BF1, BF0 or blinking by alternation of display RAM banks. Alternation blinking does not apply in 1 : 3 and 1 : 4 multiplex drive modes. DISPLAY STATUS Static Table 7 Defines the blinking frequency. Table 15 Table 8 LCD DRIVE MODE DRIVE MODE Table 14 BIT LP Normal mode 0 Power-saving mode 1 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates Table 10 Load data pointer option 1 DESCRIPTION Table 14 Blink option 1 BITS BITS 6 bit binary value of 0 to 39 BLINK FREQUENCY P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 P0 Table 11 Device select option 1 DESCRIPTION BITS 3 bit binary value of 0 to 7 A0 A1 A2 Table 12 Bank select option 1 STATIC PCF8576C BF1 BF0 Off 0 0 2 Hz 0 1 1 Hz 1 0 0.5 Hz 1 1 Table 15 Blink option 2 1 : 2 MUX BIT I RAM bit 0 RAM bits 0 and 1 0 Normal blinking 0 RAM bit 2 RAM bits 2 and 3 1 Alternation blinking 1 BLINK MODE BIT A Table 13 Bank select option 2 STATIC 1 : 2 MUX BIT O RAM bit 0 RAM bits 0 and 1 0 RAM bit 2 RAM bits 2 and 3 1 7.9 The SYNC line is provided to maintain the correct synchronization between all cascaded PCF8576Cs. This synchronization is guaranteed after the power-on reset. The only time that SYNC is likely to be needed is if synchronization is accidentally lost (e.g. by noise in adverse electrical environments; or by the definition of a multiplex mode when PCF8576Cs with differing SA0 levels are cascaded). SYNC is organized as an input/output pin; the output selection being realized as an open-drain driver with an internal pull-up resistor. A PCF8576C asserts the SYNC line at the onset of its last active backplane signal and monitors the SYNC line at all other times. Should synchronization in the cascade be lost, it will be restored by the first PCF8675C to assert SYNC. The timing relationship between the backplane waveforms and the SYNC signal for the various drive modes of the PCF8576C are shown in Fig.19. Display controller The display controller executes the commands identified by the command decoder. It contains the status registers of the PCF8576C and co-ordinates their effects. The controller is also responsible for loading display data into the display RAM as required by the filling order. 7.10 Cascaded operation In large display configurations, up to 16 PCF8576Cs can be distinguished on the same I2C-bus by using the 3-bit hardware subaddress (A0, A1 and A2) and the programmable I2C-bus slave address (SA0). When cascaded PCF8576Cs are synchronized so that they can share the backplane signals from one of the devices in the cascade. Such an arrangement is cost-effective in large LCD applications since the backplane outputs of only one device need to be through-plated to the backplane electrodes of the display. The other PCF8576Cs of the cascade contribute additional segment outputs but their backplane outputs are left open-circuit (Fig.18). 1998 Jul 30 For single plane wiring of packaged PCF8576Cs and chip-on-glass cascading, see Chapter “Application information”. 25 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576C handbook, full pagewidth VDD SDA 1 SCL 2 SYNC VLCD 5 12 17 to 56 40 segment drives LCD PANEL PCF8576CT 3 CLK (up to 2560 elements) 13,15, 14,16 4 OSC 6 A0 A1 A2 SAO VSS BP0 to BP3 (open-circuit) V LCD V DD R tr 2CB V DD V 5 HOST MICROPROCESSOR/ MICROCONTROLLER SDA SCL SYNC CLK OSC LCD 12 1 17 to 56 40 segment drives 2 PCF8576CT 3 13,15, 14,16 4 4 backplanes BP0 to BP3 6 MBE533 7 V SS A0 8 A1 9 A2 10 11 SA0 V SS Fig.18 Cascaded PCF8576C configuration. 1998 Jul 30 26 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576C 1 Tframe = f frame handbook, full pagewidth BP0 SYNC (a) static drive mode. BP1 (1/2 bias) BP1 (1/3 bias) SYNC (b) 1 : 2 multiplex drive mode. BP2 SYNC (c) 1 : 3 multiplex drive mode. BP3 SYNC MBE535 (d) 1 : 4 multiplex drive mode. Excessive capacitive coupling between SCL or CLK and SYNC may cause erroneous synchronization. If this proves to be a problem, the capacitance of the SYNC line should be increased (e.g. by an external capacitor between SYNC and VDD). Degradation of the positive edge of the SYNC pulse may be countered by an external pull-up resistor. (a) static drive mode. (b) 1 : 2 multiplex drive mode. (c) 1 : 3 multiplex drive mode. (d) 1 : 4 multiplex drive mode. Fig.19 Synchronization of the cascade for the various PCF8576C drive modes. 1998 Jul 30 27 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576C 8 LIMITING VALUES In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN. MAX. UNIT VDD supply voltage −0.5 +8.0 V VLCD LCD supply voltage VDD − 8.0 VDD V VI1 input voltage CLK, SYNC, SA0, OSC, A0 to A2 VSS − 0.5 VDD + 0.5 V VI2 input voltage SDA, SCL VSS − 0.5 +8.0 V VO output voltage S0 to S39, BP0 to BP3 VLCD − 0.5 VDD + 0.5 V II DC input current −20 +20 mA IO DC output current −25 +25 mA IDD, ISS, ILCD VDD, VSS or VLCD current −50 +50 mA Ptot total power dissipation − 400 mW PO power dissipation per output − 100 mW Tstg storage temperature −65 +150 °C 9 HANDLING Inputs and outputs are protected against electrostatic discharge in normal handling. However, to be totally safe, it is desirable to take normal precautions appropriate to handling MOS devices (see “Handling MOS Devices” ). 1998 Jul 30 28 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576C 10 DC CHARACTERISTICS VDD = 2 to 6 V; VSS = 0 V; VLCD = VDD − 2 V to VDD − 6 V; Tamb = −40 to +85 °C; unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT Supplies VDD supply voltage VLCD LCD supply voltage note 1 IDD supply current note 2 2 − 6 V VDD − 6 − VDD − 2 V normal mode fclk = 200 kHz − − 120 µA power-saving mode fclk = 35 kHz; − VDD = 3.5 V; VLCD = 0 V; A0, A1 and A2 tied to VSS − 60 µA Logic VIL LOW-level input voltage SDA, SCL, CLK, SYNC, SA0, OSC, A0 to A2 VSS − 0.3VDD V VIH1 HIGH-level input voltage CLK, SYNC, SA0, OSC, A0 to A2 0.7VDD − VDD V VIH2 HIGH-level input voltage SDA, SCL 0.7VDD − 6.0 V VOL LOW-level output voltage IOL = 0 mA − − 0.05 V VOH HIGH-level output voltage IOH = 0 mA VDD − 0.05 − − V IOL1 LOW-level output current CLK, SYNC VOL = 1 V; VDD = 5 V − − mA IOH1 HIGH-level output current CLK VOH = 4 V; VDD = 5 V −1 − − mA IOL2 LOW-level output current SDA, SCL VOL = 0.4 V; VDD = 5 V 3 − − mA IL1 leakage current SA0, A0 to A2, CLK, SDA and SCL VI = VDD or VSS −1 − +1 µA IL2 leakage current OSC VI = VDD −1 − +1 µA Ipd A0, A1, A2 and OSC pull-down current VI = 1 V; VDD = 5 V 15 50 150 µA RSYNC pull-up resistor (SYNC) 20 50 150 kΩ − 1.0 1.6 V − − 100 ns note 4 − − 7 pF VPOR power-on reset voltage level tSW tolerable spike width on bus CI input capacitance note 3 1 LCD outputs VBP DC voltage component BP0 to BP3 CBP = 35 nF −20 − +20 mV VS DC voltage component S0 to S39 CS = 5 nF −20 − +20 mV RBP output resistance BP0 to BP3 note 5; VLCD = VDD − 5 V − − 5 kΩ RS output resistance S0 to S39 note 5; VLCD = VDD − 5 V − − 7.5 kΩ Notes 1. VLCD ≤ VDD − 3 V for 1⁄3bias. 2. LCD outputs are open-circuit; inputs at VSS or VDD; external clock with 50% duty factor; I2C-bus inactive. 3. Resets all logic when VDD < VPOR. 4. Periodically sampled, not 100% tested. 5. Outputs measured one at a time. 1998 Jul 30 29 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576C 11 AC CHARACTERISTICS VDD = 2 to 6 V; VSS = 0 V; VLCD = VDD − 2 V to VDD − 6 V; Tamb = −40 to + 85 °C; unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL fclk PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT oscillator frequency normal mode VDD = 5 V; note 1 125 200 315 kHz power-saving mode VDD = 3.5 V 21 31 48 kHz 1 − − µs tclkH CLK HIGH time tclkL CLK LOW time 1 − − µs tPSYNC SYNC propagation delay time − − 400 ns tSYNCL SYNC LOW time 1 − − µs tPLCD driver delays with test loads − − 30 µs VLCD = VDD − 5 V Timing characteristics: I2C-bus; note 2 tBUF bus free time 4.7 − − µs tHD;STA START condition hold time 4.0 − − µs tSU;STA set-up time for a repeated START condition 4.7 − − µs tLOW SCL LOW time 4.7 − − µs tHIGH SCL HIGH time 4.0 − − µs tr SCL and SDA rise time − − 1 µs tf SCL and SDA fall time − − 0.3 µs CB capacitive bus line load − − 400 pF tSU;DAT data set-up time 250 − − ns tHD;DAT data hold time 0 − − ns tSU;STO set-up time for STOP condition 4.0 − − µs Notes 1. At fclk < 125 kHz, I2C-bus maximum transmission speed is derated. 2. All timing values are valid within the operating supply voltage and ambient temperature range and are referenced to VIL and VIH with an input voltage swing of VSS to VDD. SYNC 6.8 Ω V DD (2%) CLK 3.3 k Ω 0.5VDD (2%) BP0 to BP3, and S0 to S39 SDA, SCL 1.5 k Ω VDD (2%) 1 nF VDD MBE544 Fig.20 Test loads. 1998 Jul 30 30 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576C 1/ f clk handbook, full pagewidth t clkL t clkH 0.7VDD 0.3VDD CLK 0.7VDD SYNC 0.3VDD t PSYNC t PSYNC t SYNCL 0.5 V BP0 to BP3, and S0 to S39 (VDD = 5 V) 0.5 V t PLCD MBE545 Fig.21 Driver timing waveforms. handbook, full pagewidth SDA t BUF tf t LOW SCL t HD;STA t HD;DAT tr t HIGH t SU;DAT SDA MGA728 t SU;STA Fig.22 I2C-bus timing waveforms. 1998 Jul 30 31 t SU;STO Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 11.1 PCF8576C Typical supply current characteristics MBE530 50 MBE529 50 I SS (µA) I LCD (µA) 40 normal mode 40 30 30 20 20 power-saving mode 10 10 0 100 0 0 200 f frame (Hz) 0 VDD = 5 V; VLCD = 0 V; Tamb = 25 °C. 100 f frame (Hz) VDD = 5 V; VLCD = 0 V; Tamb = 25 °C. Fig.24 −ILCD as a function of fframe. Fig.23 −ISS as a function of fframe. MBE528 - 1 50 MBE527 - 1 50 handbook, halfpage handbook, halfpage I LCD I SS (µA) (µA) 40 normal mode f clk = 200 kHz 40 200 o 85 C 30 30 20 20 o 25 C o power-saving mode f clk = 35 kHz 10 40 C 10 0 0 0 5 V DD (V) 10 0 VLCD = 0 V; external clock; Tamb = 25 °C. V DD (V) VLCD = 0 V; external clock; fclk = nominal frequency. Fig.25 ISS as a function of VDD. 1998 Jul 30 5 Fig.26 ILCD as a function of VDD. 32 10 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 11.2 PCF8576C Typical characteristics of LC D outputs MBE532 - 1 R MBE526 2.5 10 handbook, halfpage R O(max) (kΩ) RS O(max) (kΩ) 2.0 RS 1.5 1 R BP R BP 1.0 0.5 -1 10 0 3 VDD (V) 0 40 6 VLCD = 0 V; Tamb = 25 °C. 40 80 120 o Tamb( C) VDD = 5 V; VLCD = 0 V. Fig.27 RO(max) as a function of VDD. 1998 Jul 30 0 Fig.28 RO(max) as a function of Tamb. 33 This text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here in _white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here inThis text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader. white to force landscape pages to be ... CLK V DD VSS V LCD 34 56 S39 1 56 S79 2 55 S38 2 55 S78 SYNC 3 54 S37 3 54 S77 CLK 4 53 S36 4 53 S76 V DD 5 52 S35 5 52 S75 OSC 6 51 S34 6 51 S74 A0 7 50 S33 7 50 S73 A1 8 49 S32 8 49 S72 A2 9 48 S31 9 48 S71 SA0 10 47 S30 10 47 S70 V SS 11 46 S29 11 46 S69 V LCD 12 45 S28 12 45 S68 BP0 13 44 S27 BP0 13 44 S67 43 S26 BP2 14 43 S66 42 S25 BP1 15 42 S65 BP2 14 BP1 15 BP3 16 41 S24 BP3 16 41 S64 S0 17 40 S23 S40 17 40 S63 S1 18 39 S22 S41 18 39 S62 S2 19 38 S21 S42 19 38 S61 S3 20 S43 20 34 S17 34 S57 PCF 8576CT open PCF 8576CT S7 24 33 S16 S47 24 33 S56 S8 25 32 S15 S48 25 32 S55 S9 26 31 S14 S49 26 31 S54 S10 27 30 S13 S50 27 30 S53 S11 28 29 S12 S51 28 29 S52 S11 S12 S13 S39 S40 S50 S51 segments Fig.29 Single plane wiring of packaged PCF8576CTs. S52 S53 S79 MBE537 Product specification backplanes S10 1 SCL PCF8576C S0 SDA Philips Semiconductors SCL SYNC Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 12 APPLICATION INFORMATION ndbook, full pagewidth 1998 Jul 30 SDA Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 12.1 PCF8576C The only bus line that does not require a second opening to lead through to the next PCF8576C is VLCD, being the cascade centre. The placing of VLCD adjacent to VSS allows the two supplies to be tied together. Chip-on-glass cascadability in single plane In chip-on-glass technology, where driver devices are bonded directly onto glass of the LCD, it is important that the devices may be cascaded without the crossing of conductors, but the paths of conductors can be continued on the glass under the chip. All of this is facilitated by the PCF8576C bonding pad layout (Fig.30). Pads needing bus interconnection between all PCF8576Cs of the cascade are VDD, VSS, VLCD, CLK, SCL, SDA and SYNC. These lines may be led to the corresponding pads of the next PCF8576C through the wide opening between VLCD pad and the backplane output pads. When an external clocking source is to be used, OSC of all devices should be tied to VDD. The pads OSC, A0, A1, A2 and SA0 have been placed between VSS and VDD to facilitate wiring of oscillator, hardware subaddress and slave address. S16 S15 S14 S13 S12 S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 S18 35 20 S3 S19 36 19 S2 S20 37 18 S1 S21 38 17 S0 S22 39 16 BP3 S23 40 15 BP1 S24 41 14 BP2 S25 42 13 BP0 12 VLCD x 0 S26 43 S27 44 S28 45 S29 46 S30 47 11 VSS S31 48 10 SA0 S32 49 9 A2 S33 50 8 A1 0 y S37 S38 S39 2 3 4 5 6 7 A0 S36 1 OSC 56 V DD 55 CLK 54 SYNC 53 SCL 52 SDA 51 S35 PCF8576C S34 3.20 mm S17 13 BONDING PAD LOCATIONS 2.92 mm Chip dimensions: approximately 2.92 × 3.20 mm. Pad area: 0.0121 mm2. Bonding pad dimensions: 110 × 110 µm. Fig.30 Bonding pad locations. 1998 Jul 30 35 MBE536 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576C Table 16 Bonding pad locations (dimensions in µm) All x/y coordinates are referenced to the centre of the chip (see Fig.30). SYMBOL PAD x y SYMBOL PAD x y SDA 1 −74 −1380 S15 32 −751 1380 SCL 2 148 −1380 S16 33 −924 1380 SYNC 3 355 −1380 S17 34 −1084 1380 CLK 4 534 −1380 S18 35 −1290 1243 36 −1290 1083 VDD 5 742 −1380 S19 OSC 6 913 −1380 S20 37 −1290 910 A0 7 1087 −1380 S21 38 −1290 750 39 −1290 577 A1 8 1290 −1284 S22 A2 9 1290 −1116 S23 40 −1290 417 SA0 10 1290 −945 S24 41 −1290 244 VSS 11 1290 −751 S25 42 −1290 84 VLCD 12 1290 −485 S26 43 −1290 −89 BP0 13 1290 125 S27 44 −1290 −249 BP2 14 1290 285 S28 45 −1290 −422 BP1 15 1290 458 S29 46 −1290 −582 BP3 16 1290 618 S30 47 −1290 −755 S0 17 1290 791 S31 48 −1290 −915 S1 18 1290 951 S32 49 −1290 −1088 S2 19 1290 1124 S33 50 −1290 −1248 S3 20 1290 1284 S34 51 −1083 −1380 52 −923 −1380 S4 21 1074 1380 S35 S5 22 914 1380 S36 53 −750 −1380 S6 23 741 1380 S37 54 −590 −1380 55 −417 −1380 56 −257 −1380 S7 24 581 1380 S38 S8 25 408 1380 S39 S9 26 248 1380 Alignment marks S10 27 75 1380 C1 −1290 1385 28 −85 − S11 1380 C2 −1295 −1385 29 −258 − S12 1380 F 1305 −1405 30 −418 − S13 1380 S14 31 −591 1380 1998 Jul 30 36 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576C 14 PACKAGE OUTLINES VSO56: plastic very small outline package; 56 leads SOT190-1 D E A X c y HE v M A Z 56 29 Q A2 A (A 3) A1 pin 1 index θ Lp L 1 detail X 28 w M bp e 0 5 10 mm scale DIMENSIONS (inch dimensions are derived from the original mm dimensions) UNIT A max. A1 A2 A3 bp c D (1) E (2) e HE L Lp Q v w y Z (1) mm 3.3 0.3 0.1 3.0 2.8 0.25 0.42 0.30 0.22 0.14 21.65 21.35 11.1 11.0 0.75 15.8 15.2 2.25 1.6 1.4 1.45 1.30 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.90 0.55 0.13 0.012 0.004 0.12 0.11 0.01 0.017 0.0087 0.85 0.012 0.0055 0.84 0.44 0.62 0.0295 0.43 0.60 0.089 0.063 0.055 inches 0.057 0.035 0.008 0.004 0.004 0.051 0.022 θ Note 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.3 mm maximum per side are not included. 2. Plastic interlead protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included. OUTLINE VERSION REFERENCES IEC JEDEC EIAJ ISSUE DATE 96-04-02 97-08-11 SOT190-1 1998 Jul 30 EUROPEAN PROJECTION 37 o 7 0o Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576C LQFP64: plastic low profile quad flat package; 64 leads; body 10 x 10 x 1.4 mm SOT314-2 c y X A 48 33 49 32 ZE e E HE A A2 (A 3) A1 wM θ bp pin 1 index 64 Lp L 17 detail X 16 1 ZD e v M A wM bp D B HD v M B 0 2.5 5 mm scale DIMENSIONS (mm are the original dimensions) UNIT A max. A1 A2 A3 bp c D (1) E (1) e mm 1.60 0.20 0.05 1.45 1.35 0.25 0.27 0.17 0.18 0.12 10.1 9.9 10.1 9.9 0.5 HD HE 12.15 12.15 11.85 11.85 L Lp v w y 1.0 0.75 0.45 0.2 0.12 0.1 Z D (1) Z E (1) θ 1.45 1.05 7 0o 1.45 1.05 o Note 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included. OUTLINE VERSION REFERENCES IEC JEDEC EIAJ ISSUE DATE 95-12-19 97-08-01 SOT314-2 1998 Jul 30 EUROPEAN PROJECTION 38 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates If wave soldering cannot be avoided, for LQFP packages with a pitch (e) larger than 0.5 mm, the following conditions must be observed: 15 SOLDERING 15.1 PCF8576C Introduction There is no soldering method that is ideal for all IC packages. Wave soldering is often preferred when through-hole and surface mounted components are mixed on one printed-circuit board. However, wave soldering is not always suitable for surface mounted ICs, or for printed-circuits with high population densities. In these situations reflow soldering is often used. • A double-wave (a turbulent wave with high upward pressure followed by a smooth laminar wave) soldering technique should be used. This text gives a very brief insight to a complex technology. A more in-depth account of soldering ICs can be found in our “Data Handbook IC26; Integrated Circuit Packages” (order code 9398 652 90011). 15.3.2 15.2 • The footprint must be at an angle of 45° to the board direction and must incorporate solder thieves downstream and at the side corners. Wave soldering techniques can be used for all VSO packages if the following conditions are observed: • A double-wave (a turbulent wave with high upward pressure followed by a smooth laminar wave) soldering technique should be used. Reflow soldering Reflow soldering techniques are suitable for all LQFP and VSO packages. • The longitudinal axis of the package footprint must be parallel to the solder flow. Reflow soldering requires solder paste (a suspension of fine solder particles, flux and binding agent) to be applied to the printed-circuit board by screen printing, stencilling or pressure-syringe dispensing before package placement. • The package footprint must incorporate solder thieves at the downstream end. 15.3.3 Several methods exist for reflowing; for example, infrared/convection heating in a conveyor type oven. Throughput times (preheating, soldering and cooling) vary between 50 and 300 seconds depending on heating method. Typical reflow peak temperatures range from 215 to 250 °C. 15.3 15.3.1 METHOD (LQFP AND VSO) During placement and before soldering, the package must be fixed with a droplet of adhesive. The adhesive can be applied by screen printing, pin transfer or syringe dispensing. The package can be soldered after the adhesive is cured. Maximum permissible solder temperature is 260 °C, and maximum duration of package immersion in solder is 10 seconds, if cooled to less than 150 °C within 6 seconds. Typical dwell time is 4 seconds at 250 °C. Wave soldering LQFP Wave soldering is not recommended for LQFP packages. This is because of the likelihood of solder bridging due to closely-spaced leads and the possibility of incomplete solder penetration in multi-lead devices. A mildly-activated flux will eliminate the need for removal of corrosive residues in most applications. 15.4 Repairing soldered joints Fix the component by first soldering two diagonallyopposite end leads. Use only a low voltage soldering iron (less than 24 V) applied to the flat part of the lead. Contact time must be limited to 10 seconds at up to 300 °C. When using a dedicated tool, all other leads can be soldered in one operation within 2 to 5 seconds between 270 and 320 °C. CAUTION Wave soldering is NOT applicable for all LQFP packages with a pitch (e) equal or less than 0.5 mm. 1998 Jul 30 VSO 39 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576C 16 DEFINITIONS Data sheet status Objective specification This data sheet contains target or goal specifications for product development. Preliminary specification This data sheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published later. Product specification This data sheet contains final product specifications. Limiting values Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Application information Where application information is given, it is advisory and does not form part of the specification. 17 LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale. 18 PURCHASE OF PHILIPS I2C COMPONENTS Purchase of Philips I2C components conveys a license under the Philips’ I2C patent to use the components in the I2C system provided the system conforms to the I2C specification defined by Philips. This specification can be ordered using the code 9398 393 40011. 1998 Jul 30 40 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates NOTES 1998 Jul 30 41 PCF8576C Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates NOTES 1998 Jul 30 42 PCF8576C Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates NOTES 1998 Jul 30 43 PCF8576C Philips Semiconductors – a worldwide company Argentina: see South America Australia: 34 Waterloo Road, NORTH RYDE, NSW 2113, Tel. +61 2 9805 4455, Fax. +61 2 9805 4466 Austria: Computerstr. 6, A-1101 WIEN, P.O. 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