INTEGRATED CIRCUITS DATA SHEET TDA5144 Brushless DC motor drive circuit Product specification Supersedes data of March 1992 File under Integrated Circuits, IC11 Philips Semiconductors June 1994 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5144 FEATURES APPLICATIONS • Full-wave commutation (using push/pull drivers at the output stages) without position sensors • General purpose spindle driver (e.g. for hard disk) • Laser beam printer. • Built-in start-up circuitry • Three push-pull outputs: GENERAL DESCRIPTION – output current 2.0 A (typ.) The TDA5144 is a bipolar integrated circuit used to drive 3-phase brushless DC motors in full-wave mode. The device is sensorless (saving of 3 hall-sensors) using the back-EMF sensing technique to sense the rotor position. A special circuit is built-in to reduce the EMI (soft switching output stages). It is ideally suited as a drive circuit for hard disk drive spindle motor requiring powerful output stages (current limit of 2.0 A). It can also be used in e.g. laser beam printer and other applications. – low saturation voltage – built-in current limiter – soft-switching outputs for low Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) • Thermal protection • Flyback diodes • Tacho output without extra sensor • Transconductance amplifier for an external control transistor. QUICK REFERENCE DATA Measured over full voltage and temperature range. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT VP supply voltage note 1 4 − 18 V VVMOT input voltage to the output driver stages note 2 1.7 − 16 V VDO drop-out output voltage IO = 100 mA − 0.90 1.05 V ILIM current limiting VVMOT = 10 V; RO = 1.2 Ω 1.8 2.0 2.4 A Notes 1. An unstabilized supply can be used. 2. VVMOT = VP; +AMP IN = −AMP IN = 0 V; all outputs IO = 0 mA. ORDERING INFORMATION PACKAGE TYPE NUMBER PINS PIN POSITION MATERIAL CODE TDA5144AT 20 SOL plastic SOT163-1 TDA5144T 28 SOL plastic SOT136-1 June 1994 2 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5144 BLOCK DIAGRAM BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB Fig.1 Block diagram (SOT163-1; SO20L). June 1994 3 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5144 PINNING PIN SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SO20 SO28 MOT1 1 1 and 2 TEST 2 3 test input/output n.c. 3 4 not connected MOT2 4 5 and 6 driver output 2 n.c. − 7 not connected VMOT 5 8 and 9 GND3 6 10 ground supply; must be connected FG 7 11 frequency generator: output of the rotation speed (open collector digital output) driver output 1 input voltage for the output driver stages GND2 8 12 ground supply return for control circuits VP 9 13 supply voltage CAP-CD 10 14 external capacitor connection for adaptive communication delay timing CAP-DC 11 15 external capacitor connection for adaptive communication delay timing copy CAP-ST 12 16 external capacitor connection for start-up oscillator CAP-TI 13 17 external capacitor connection for timing +AMP IN 14 18 non-inverting input of the transconductance amplifier −AMP IN 15 19 inverting input of the transconductance amplifier AMP OUT 16 20 transconductance amplifier output (open collector) n.c. − 21 and 22 not connected MOT3 17 23 and 24 driver output 3 n.c. 18 25 not connected MOT0 19 26 input from the star point of the motor coils GND1 20 June 1994 27 and 28 ground (0 V) motor supply return for output stages 4 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5144 Fig.2 Pin configuration (SOT163-1; SO20L). Fig.3 Pin configuration (SOT136-1; SO28L). • Three phase full-wave drive. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION • High output current (2.0 A). The TDA5144 offers a sensorless three phase motor drive function. It is unique in its combination of sensorless motor drive and full-wave drive. The TDA5144 offers protected outputs capable of handling high currents and can be used with star or delta connected motors. It can easily be adapted for different motors and applications. The TDA5144 offers the following features: • Outputs protected by current limiting and thermal protection of each output transistor. • Low current consumption by adaptive base-drive. • Soft-switching pulse output for low radiation. • Accurate frequency generator (FG) by using the motor EMF. • Sensorless commutation by using the motor EMF. • Uncommitted operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), with a high output current, for use as a control amplifier. • Built-in start-up circuit. • Optimum commutation, independent of motor type or motor loading. • Built-in flyback diodes. June 1994 5 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5144 LIMITING VALUES In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. MAX. UNIT − 18 V −0.3 VP + 0.5 V −0.5 17 V AMP OUT and FG GND VP V MOT0, MOT1, MOT2 and MOT3 −1 VVMOT + VDHF V VP supply voltage VI input voltage; all pins except VMOT VVMOT VMOT input voltage VO output voltage VI < 18 V VI input voltage CAP-ST, CAP-TI, CAP-CD and CAP-DC − 2.5 V Tstg storage temperature −55 +150 °C Tamb operating ambient temperature 0 +70 °C Ptot total power dissipation see Figs 4 and 5 − − W Ves electrostatic handling see Chapter “Handling” − 500 V MBD536 3 MBD557 3 P tot P tot (W) (W) 2 2 1.62 1.38 1 1 0 0 50 0 50 70 100 150 200 50 T amb ( oC) Fig.4 Power derating curve (SOT163-1; SO20L). 0 50 100 150 T amb ( oC) 200 Fig.5 Power derating curve (SOT136-1; SO28L). HANDLING Every pin withstands the ESD test according to “MIL-STD-883C class 2”. Method 3015 (HBM 1500 Ω, 100 pF) 3 pulses + and 3 pulses − on each pin referenced to ground. June 1994 6 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5144 CHARACTERISTICS VP = 14.5 V; Tamb = 25 °C; unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT Supply VP supply voltage note 1 4 − 18 V IP supply current note 2 − 6.3 7.2 mA VVMOT input voltage to the output driver stages see Fig.1 1.7 − 16 V 130 140 150 °C − TSD − 30 − K −0.5 − VVMOT V Thermal protection TSD local temperature at temperature sensor causing shut-down ∆T reduction in temperature before switch-on after shut-down MOT0; centre tap VI input voltage II input bias current 0.5 V < VI < VVMOT − 1.5 V −10 VCSW comparator switching level note 3 ∆VCSW Vhys − 0 µA ±20 ±25 ±30 mV variation in comparator switching levels −3 0 +3 mV comparator input hysteresis − 75 − µV IO = 100 mA − 0.9 1.05 V MOT1, MOT2 and MOT3 VDO drop-out output voltage IO = 1000 mA − 1.6 1.85 V ∆VOL variation in saturation voltage between lower transistors IO = 100 mA − − 180 mV ∆VOH variation in saturation voltage between upper transistors IO = −100 mA − − 180 mV ILIM current limiting VVMOT = 10 V; RO = 1.2 Ω 1.8 2.0 2.5 A tr rise time switching output VVMOT = 15 V; see Fig.6 5 10 15 µs tf fall time switching output VVMOT = 15 V; see Fig.6 10 15 20 µs VDHF diode forward voltage (diode DH) IO = −500 mA; notes 4 and 5; see Fig.1 − − 1.5 V VDLF diode forward voltage (diode DL) IO = 500 mA; notes 4 and 5; see Fig.1 −1.5 − − V IDM peak diode current note 5 − − 2.5 A input voltage −0.3 − VP − 1.7 V differential mode voltage without ‘latch-up’ − − ±VP V Ib input bias current − − 650 nA CI input capacitance − 4 − pF Voffset input offset voltage − − 10 mV +AMP IN and −AMP IN VI June 1994 7 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit SYMBOL PARAMETER TDA5144 CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT AMP OUT (open collector) 40 − − mA − 1.5 2.1 V −0.5 − +18 V − 60 − mA/µs 0.3 − − S − − 0.4 V VP − − V − 0.5 − µs ratio of FG frequency and commutation frequency − 1:2 − duty factor − 50 − % Isink output sink current Vsat saturation voltage VO output voltage SR slew rate Gtr transfer gain II = 40 mA RL = 330 Ω; CL = 50 pF FG (open collector) VOL LOW level output voltage VOH(max) maximum HIGH level output voltage tTHL HIGH-to-LOW transition time δ IO = 1.6 mA CL = 50 pF; RL = 10 kΩ CAP-ST Isink output sink current 1.5 2.0 2.5 µA Isource output source current −2.5 −2.0 −1.5 µA VSWL LOW level switching voltage − 0.20 − V VSWH HIGH level switching voltage − 2.20 − V Isink output sink current − 28 − µA Isource output source current 0.2 V < VCAP-TI < 0.3 V − −57 − µA 0.3 V < VCAP-TI < 2.2 V − −5 − µA CAP-TI VSWL LOW level switching voltage − 50 − mV VSWM MIDDLE level switching voltage − 0.30 − V VSWH HIGH level switching voltage − 2.20 − V Isink output sink current 10.6 16.2 22 µA Isource output source current −5.3 −8.1 −11 µA 1.85 2.05 2.25 CAP-CD Isink/Isource ratio of sink to source current VIL LOW level input voltage 800 875 900 mV VIH HIGH level input voltage 2.3 2.4 2.55 V Isink output sink current 10.1 15.5 20.9 µA Isource output source current µA CAP-DC −20.9 −15.5 −10.1 Isink/Isource ratio of sink to source current 0.9 1.025 1.15 VIL LOW level input voltage 800 875 900 mV VIH HIGH level input voltage 2.3 2.4 2.55 V June 1994 8 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5144 Notes to the characteristics 1. An unstabilized supply can be used. 2. VVMOT = VP, all other inputs at 0 V; all outputs at VP; IO = 0 mA. 3. Switching levels with respect to MOT1, MOT2 and MOT3. 4. Drivers are in the high-impedance OFF-state. 5. The outputs are short-circuit protected by limiting the current and the IC temperature. Fig.6 Output transition time measurement. APPLICATION INFORMATION (1) Value selected for 3 Hz start-up oscillator frequency. Fig.7 Application diagram without use of the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). June 1994 9 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5144 A timing function is incorporated into the device for internal timing and for timing of the reverse rotation detection. Introduction (see Fig.8) Full-wave driving of a three phase motor requires three push-pull output stages. In each of the six possible states two outputs are active, one sourcing (H) and one sinking (L). The third output presents a high impedance (Z) to the motor, which enables measurement of the motor back-EMF in the corresponding motor coil by the EMF comparator at each output. The commutation logic is responsible for control of the output transistors and selection of the correct EMF comparator. In Table 1 the sequence of the six possible states of the outputs has been depicted. The TDA5144 also contains an uncommitted transconductance amplifier (OTA) that can be used as a control amplifier. The output is capable of directly driving an external power transistor. The TDA5144 is designed for systems with low current consumption: use of I2L logic, adaptive base drive for the output transistors (patented). Adjustments The system has been designed in such a way that the tolerances of the application components are not critical. However, the approximate values of the following components must still be determined: Table 1 Output states. STATE MOT1(1) MOT2(1) MOT3(1) 1 Z L H 2 H L Z 3 H Z L 4 Z H L 5 L H Z 6 L Z H • The start capacitor; this determines the frequency of the start oscillator. • The two capacitors in the adaptive commutation delay circuit; these are important in determining the optimum moment for commutation, depending on the type and loading of the motor. • The timing capacitor; this provides the system with its timing signals. Note 1. H = HIGH state; L = LOW state; Z = high-impedance OFF-state. THE START CAPACITOR (CAP-ST) This capacitor determines the frequency of the start oscillator. It is charged and discharged, with a current of 2 µA, from 0.05 to 2.2 V and back to 0.05 V. The time taken to complete one cycle is given by: tstart = (2.15 × C) s (with C in µF) The zero-crossing in the motor EMF (detected by the comparator selected by the commutation logic) is used to calculate the correct moment for the next commutation, that is, the change to the next output state. The delay is calculated (depending on the motor loading) by the adaptive commutation delay block. The start oscillator is reset by a commutation pulse and so is only active when the system is in the start-up mode. A pulse from the start oscillator will cause the outputs to change to the next state (torque in the motor). If the movement of the motor generates enough EMF the TDA5144 will run the motor. If the amount of EMF generated is insufficient, then the motor will move one step only and will oscillate in its new position. The amplitude of the oscillation must decrease sufficiently before the arrival of the next start pulse, to prevent the pulse arriving during the wrong phase of the oscillation. Because of high inductive loading the output stages contain flyback diodes. The output stages are also protected by a current limiting circuit and by thermal protection of the six output transistors. The detected zero-crossings are used to provide speed information. The information has been made available on the FG output pin. This is an open collector output and provides an output signal with a frequency that is half the commutation frequency. The system will only function when the EMF voltage from the motor is present. Therefore, a start oscillator is provided that will generate commutation pulses when no zero-crossings in the motor voltage are available. June 1994 10 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5144 The oscillation of the motor is given by: 1 f osc = ----------------------------------Kt × I × p 2π ----------------------J where: Kt = torque constant (N.m/A) I = current (A) p = number of magnetic pole-pairs J = inertia J (kg.m2) Example: J = 72 × 10−6 kg.m2, K = 25 × 10−3 N.m/A, p = 6 and I = 0.5 A; this gives fosc = 5 Hz. If the damping is high then a start frequency of 2 Hz can be chosen or t = 500 ms, thus C = 0.5/2 = 0.25 µF (choose 220 nF). THE ADAPTIVE COMMUTATION DELAY (CAP-CD AND CAP-DC) In this circuit capacitor CAP-CD is charged during one commutation period, with an interruption of the charging current during the diode pulse. During the next commutation period this capacitor (CAP-CD) is discharged at twice the charging current. The charging current is 8.1 µA and the discharging current 16.2 µA; the voltage range is from 0.9 to 2.2 V. The voltage must stay within this range at the lowest commutation frequency of interest, fC1: –6 6231 8.1 × 10 C = -------------------------- = ------------- (C in nF) f × 1.3 f C1 If the frequency is lower, then a constant commutation delay after the zero-crossing is generated by the discharge from 2.2 to 0.9 V at 16.2 µA; maximum delay = (0.076 × C) ms (with C in nF). Example: nominal commutation frequency = 900 Hz and the lowest usable frequency = 400 Hz; so: 6231 CAP-CD = ------------- = 15.6 (choose 18 nF) 400 The other capacitor, CAP-DC, is used to repeat the same delay by charging and discharging with 15.5 µA. The same value can be chosen as for CAP-CD. Figure 9 illustrates typical voltage waveforms. June 1994 11 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit BBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBB BBBBBBB BBBBBBB BBBBBBB BBBBBBB TDA5144 BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB Fig.8 Typical application of the TDA5144 as a scanner driver, with use of OTA. June 1994 12 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5144 Fig.9 CAP-CD and CAP-DC typical voltage waveforms in normal running mode. The capacitor is charged, with a current of 57 µA, from 0.2 to 0.3 V. Above this level it is charged, with a current of 5 µA, up to 2.2 V only if the selected motor EMF remains in the wrong polarity (watchdog function). At the end, or, if the motor voltage becomes positive, the capacitor is discharged with a current of 28 µA. The watchdog time is the time taken to charge the capacitor, with a current of 5 µA, from 0.3 to 2.2 V. THE TIMING CAPACITOR (CAP-TI) Capacitor CAP-TI is used for timing the successive steps within one commutation period; these steps include some internal delays. The most important function is the watchdog time in which the motor EMF has to recover from a negative diode-pulse back to a positive EMF voltage (or vice versa). A watchdog timer is a guarding function that only becomes active when the expected event does not occur within a predetermined time. To ensure that the internal delays are covered CAP-TI must have a minimum value of 2 nF. For the watchdog function a value for CAP-TI of 10 nF is recommended. The EMF usually recovers within a short time if the motor is running normally (<<ms). However, if the motor is motionless or rotating in the reverse direction, then the time can be longer (>>ms). To ensure a good start-up and commutation, care must be taken that no oscillations occur at the trailing edge of the flyback pulse. Snubber networks at the outputs should be critically damped. A watchdog time must be chosen so that it is long enough for a motor without EMF (still) and eddy currents that may stretch the voltage in a motor winding; however, it must be short enough to detect reverse rotation. If the watchdog time is made too long, then the motor may run in the wrong direction (with little torque). June 1994 Typical voltage waveforms are illustrated by Fig.10. 13 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5144 If the chosen value of CAP-TI is too small oscillations can occur in certain positions of a blocked rotor. If the chosen value is too large, then it is possible that the motor may run in the reverse direction (synchronously with little torque). Fig.10 Typical CAP-TI and VMOT1 voltage waveforms in normal running mode. Other design aspects THE OPERATIONAL TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIER (OTA) There are other design aspects concerning the application of the TDA5144 besides the commutation function. They are: The OTA is an uncommitted amplifier with a high output current (40 mA) that can be used as a control amplifier. The common mode input range includes ground (GND) and rises to VP − 1.7 V. The high sink current enables the OTA to drive a power transistor directly in an analog control amplifier. • Generation of the tacho signal FG • General purpose operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) Although the gain is not extremely high (0.3 S), care must be taken with the stability of the circuit if the OTA is used as a linear amplifier as no frequency compensation has been provided. • Possibilities of motor control • Reliability. FG SIGNAL The convention for the inputs (inverting or not) is the same as for a normal operational amplifier: with a resistor (as load) connected from the output (AMP OUT) to the positive supply, a positive-going voltage is found when the non-inverting input (+AMP IN) is positive with respect to the inverting input (−AMP IN). Confusion is possible because a ‘plus’ input causes less current, and so a positive voltage. The FG signal is generated in the TDA5144 by using the zero-crossing of the motor EMF from the three motor windings. Every zero-crossing in a (star connected) motor winding is used to toggle the FG output signal. The FG frequency is therefore half the commutation frequency. All transitions indicate the detection of a zero-crossing. The accuracy of the FG output signal depends on the symmetry of the motor's electromagnetic construction, which also effects the satisfactory functioning of the motor itself. Example: a 3-phase motor with 6 magnetic pole-pairs at 1500 rpm and with a full-wave drive has a commutation frequency of 25 × 6 × 6 = 900 Hz, and generates a tacho signal of 450 Hz. June 1994 14 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5144 MOTOR CONTROL DC motors can be controlled in an analog manner using the OTA. For the analog control an external transistor is required. The OTA can supply the base current for this transistor and act as a control amplifier (see Fig.8). RELIABILITY It is necessary to protect high current circuits and the output stages are protected in two ways: • Current limiting of the ‘lower’ output transistors. The ‘upper’ output transistors use the same base current as the conducting ‘lower’ transistor (+15%). This means that the current to and from the output stages is limited. • Thermal protection of the six output transistors is achieved by each transistor having a thermal sensor that is active when the transistor is switched on. The transistors are switched off when the local temperature becomes too high. It is possible, that when braking, the motor voltage (via the flyback diodes and the impedance on VMOT) may cause higher currents than allowed (>0.6 A). These currents must be limited externally. June 1994 15 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5144 PACKAGE OUTLINES 13.0 12.6 handbook, full pagewidth 7.6 7.4 10.65 10.00 0.1 S S A 0.9 (4x) 0.4 20 11 2.45 2.25 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.1 2.65 2.35 0.32 0.23 pin 1 index 1 1.1 0.5 10 detail A 1.27 0.49 0.36 0.25 M (20x) Dimensions in mm. Fig.11 Plastic small outline package; 20 leads; large body (SOT163-1; SO20L). June 1994 16 0 to 8 o MBC234 - 1 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5144 18.1 17.7 handbook, full pagewidth 7.6 7.4 A 10.65 10.00 0.1 S S 0.9 (4x) 0.4 28 15 2.45 2.25 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.1 2.65 2.35 0.32 0.23 pin 1 index 1 1.1 0.5 14 detail A 1.27 0.49 0.36 0.25 M (28x) Dimensions in mm. Fig.12 Plastic small outline package; 28 leads; large body (SOT136-1; SO28L). June 1994 17 0 to 8o MBC236 - 1 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5144 applied to the substrate by screen printing, stencilling or pressure-syringe dispensing before device placement. SOLDERING Plastic small-outline packages Several techniques exist for reflowing; for example, thermal conduction by heated belt, infrared, and vapour-phase reflow. Dwell times vary between 50 and 300 s according to method. Typical reflow temperatures range from 215 to 250 °C. BY WAVE During placement and before soldering, the component must be fixed with a droplet of adhesive. After curing the adhesive, the component can be soldered. The adhesive can be applied by screen printing, pin transfer or syringe dispensing. Preheating is necessary to dry the paste and evaporate the binding agent. Preheating duration: 45 min at 45 °C. Maximum permissible solder temperature is 260 °C, and maximum duration of package immersion in solder bath is 10 s, if allowed to cool to less than 150 °C within 6 s. Typical dwell time is 4 s at 250 °C. REPAIRING SOLDERED JOINTS (BY HAND-HELD SOLDERING IRON OR PULSE-HEATED SOLDER TOOL) Fix the component by first soldering two, diagonally opposite, end pins. Apply the heating tool to the flat part of the pin only. Contact time must be limited to 10 s at up to 300 °C. When using proper tools, all other pins can be soldered in one operation within 2 to 5 s at between 270 and 320 °C. (Pulse-heated soldering is not recommended for SO packages.) A modified wave soldering technique is recommended using two solder waves (dual-wave), in which a turbulent wave with high upward pressure is followed by a smooth laminar wave. Using a mildly-activated flux eliminates the need for removal of corrosive residues in most applications. For pulse-heated solder tool (resistance) soldering of VSO packages, solder is applied to the substrate by dipping or by an extra thick tin/lead plating before package placement. BY SOLDER PASTE REFLOW Reflow soldering requires the solder paste (a suspension of fine solder particles, flux and binding agent) to be DEFINITIONS Data sheet status Objective specification This data sheet contains target or goal specifications for product development. Preliminary specification This data sheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published later. Product specification This data sheet contains final product specifications. Limiting values Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Application information Where application information is given, it is advisory and does not form part of the specification. LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale. June 1994 18 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5144 NOTES June 1994 19 Philips Semiconductors – a worldwide company Argentina: IEROD, Av. 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Philippines: PHILIPS SEMICONDUCTORS PHILIPPINES Inc, 106 Valero St. Salcedo Village, P.O. Box 2108 MCC, MAKATI, Metro MANILA, Tel. (02)810 0161, Fax. (02)817 3474 Portugal: PHILIPS PORTUGUESA, S.A., Rua dr. António Loureiro Borges 5, Arquiparque - Miraflores, Apartado 300, 2795 LINDA-A-VELHA, Tel. (01)14163160/4163333, Fax. (01)14163174/4163366. Singapore: Lorong 1, Toa Payoh, SINGAPORE 1231, Tel. (65)350 2000, Fax. (65)251 6500 South Africa: S.A. PHILIPS Pty Ltd., Components Division, 195-215 Main Road Martindale, 2092 JOHANNESBURG, P.O. Box 7430 Johannesburg 2000, Tel. (011)470-5911, Fax. (011)470-5494. Spain: Balmes 22, 08007 BARCELONA, Tel. (03)301 6312, Fax. (03)301 42 43 Sweden: Kottbygatan 7, Akalla. S-164 85 STOCKHOLM, Tel. (0)8-632 2000, Fax. (0)8-632 2745 Switzerland: Allmendstrasse 140, CH-8027 ZÜRICH, Tel. (01)488 2211, Fax. (01)481 77 30 Taiwan: PHILIPS TAIWAN Ltd., 23-30F, 66, Chung Hsiao West Road, Sec. 1. Taipeh, Taiwan ROC, P.O. Box 22978, TAIPEI 100, Tel. (02)388 7666, Fax. (02)382 4382. Thailand: PHILIPS ELECTRONICS (THAILAND) Ltd., 209/2 Sanpavuth-Bangna Road Prakanong, Bangkok 10260, THAILAND, Tel. (662)398-0141, Fax. (662)398-3319. Turkey: Talatpasa Cad. No. 5, 80640 GÜLTEPE/ISTANBUL, Tel. (0 212)279 2770, Fax. (0212)269 3094 United Kingdom: Philips Semiconductors Limited, P.O. Box 65, Philips House, Torrington Place, LONDON, WC1E 7HD, Tel. (071)436 41 44, Fax. (071)323 03 42 United States: INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: 811 East Arques Avenue, SUNNYVALE, CA 94088-3409, Tel. (800)234-7381, Fax. (708)296-8556 DISCRETE SEMICONDUCTORS: 2001 West Blue Heron Blvd., P.O. Box 10330, RIVIERA BEACH, FLORIDA 33404, Tel. (800)447-3762 and (407)881-3200, Fax. (407)881-3300 Uruguay: Coronel Mora 433, MONTEVIDEO, Tel. (02)70-4044, Fax. (02)92 0601 For all other countries apply to: Philips Semiconductors, International Marketing and Sales, Building BAF-1, P.O. Box 218, 5600 MD, EINDHOVEN, The Netherlands, Telex 35000 phtcnl, Fax. +31-40-724825 SCD31 © Philips Electronics N.V. 1994 All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Printed in The Netherlands 373061/1500/02/pp20 Document order number: Date of release: June 1994 9397 735 60011