INTEGRATED CIRCUITS DATA SHEET TDA5140A Brushless DC motor drive circuit Product specification Supersedes data of March 1992 File under Integrated Circuits, IC02 Philips Semiconductors April 1994 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A FEATURES APPLICATIONS • Full-wave commutation (using push/pull drivers at the output stages) without position sensors • VCR • Built-in start-up circuitry • Fax machine • Laser beam printer • Three push-pull outputs: • Blower – 0.8 A output current (typ.) • Automotive. – low saturation voltage – built-in current limiter GENERAL DESCRIPTION • Thermal protection The TDA5140A is a bipolar integrated circuit used to drive 3-phase brushless DC motors in full-wave mode. The device is sensorless (saving of 3 hall-sensors) using the back-EMF sensing technique to sense the rotor position. • Flyback diodes • Tacho output without extra sensor • Position pulse stage for phase-locked-loop control • Transconductance amplifier for an external control transistor. QUICK REFERENCE DATA Measured over full voltage and temperature range. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT VP supply voltage note 1 4 − 18 V VVMOT input voltage to the output driver stages note 2 1.7 − 16 V VDO drop-out output voltage IO = 100 mA − 0.93 1.05 V ILIM current limiting VVMOT = 10 V; RO = 3.9 Ω 0.7 0.8 1 A Notes 1. An unstabilized supply can be used. 2. VVMOT = VP; +AMP IN = −AMP IN = 0 V; all outputs IO = 0 mA. ORDERING INFORMATION PACKAGE EXTENDED TYPE NUMBER PINS PIN POSITION MATERIAL CODE TDA5140A 18 DIL plastic SOT102 TDA5140AT 20 SOL plastic SOT163A April 1994 2 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A BLOCK DIAGRAM BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB Fig.1 Block diagram (SOT102; DIL18). April 1994 3 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A PINNING PIN DIL18 PIN SO20 MOT1 1 1 driver output 1 TEST 2 2 test input/output 3 not connected SYMBOL n.c. DESCRIPTION MOT2 3 4 driver output 2 VMOT 4 5 input voltage for the output driver stages PG IN 5 6 position generator: input from the position detector sensor to the position detector stage (optional); only if an external position coil is used PG/FG 6 7 position generator/frequency generator: output of the rotation speed and position detector stages (open collector digital output, negative-going edge is valid) GND2 7 8 ground supply return for control circuits VP 8 9 positive supply voltage CAP-CD 9 10 external capacitor connection for adaptive communication delay timing CAP-DC 10 11 external capacitor connection for adaptive communication delay timing copy CAP-ST 11 12 external capacitor connection for start-up oscillator CAP-TI 12 13 external capacitor connection for timing +AMP IN 13 14 non-inverting input of the transconductance amplifier −AMP IN 14 15 inverting input of the transconductance amplifier AMP OUT 15 16 transconductance amplifier output (open collector) MOT3 16 17 driver output 3 n.c. − 18 not connected MOT0 17 19 input from the star point of the motor coils GND1 18 20 ground (0 V) motor supply return for output stages April 1994 4 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A Fig.2 Pin configuration (SOT102; DIL18). Fig.3 Pin configuration (SOT163A; SO20L). • Suitable for use with a wide tolerance, external PG sensor. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The TDA5140A offers a sensorless three phase motor drive function. It is unique in its combination of sensorless motor drive and full-wave drive. The TDA5140A offers protected outputs capable of handling high currents and can be used with star or delta connected motors. It can easily be adapted for different motors and applications. The TDA5140A offers the following features: • Built-in multiplexer that combines the internal FG and external PG signals on one pin for easy use with a controlling microprocessor. • Uncommitted operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), with a high output current, for use as a control amplifier. • Sensorless commutation by using the motor EMF. • Built-in start-up circuit. • Optimum commutation, independent of motor type or motor loading. • Built-in flyback diodes. • Three phase full-wave drive. • High output current (0.8 A). • Outputs protected by current limiting and thermal protection of each output transistor. • Low current consumption by adaptive base-drive. • Accurate frequency generator (FG) by using the motor EMF. • Amplifier for external position generator (PG) signal. April 1994 5 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A LIMITING VALUES In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. MAX. UNIT − 18 V −0.3 VP + 0.5 V −0.5 17 V AMP OUT and PG/FG GND VP V MOT1, MOT2 and MOT3 −1 VVMOT + VDHF V VI input voltage CAP-ST, CAP-TI, CAP-CD and CAP-DC − 2.5 V Tstg storage temperature −55 +150 °C Tamb operating ambient temperature 0 +70 °C Ptot total power dissipation see Figs 4 and 5 − − W Ves electrostatic handling see “Handling” − 500 V VP supply voltage VI input voltage; all pins except VMOT VVMOT VMOT input voltage VO output voltage VI < 18 V MBD535 MBD536 3 3 P tot P tot (W) (W) 2.28 2 2 1.38 1.05 1 0 0 50 0 50 70 100 150 50 200 T amb ( oC) Fig.4 Power derating curve (SOT102; DIL18). 0 50 70 100 150 T amb ( oC) 200 Fig.5 Power derating curve (SOT163A; SO20L). HANDLING Every pin withstands the ESD test in accordance with “MIL-STD-883C class 2”. Method 3015 (HBM 1500 Ω, 100 pF) 3 pulses + and 3 pulses − on each pin referenced to ground. April 1994 6 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A CHARACTERISTICS VP = 14.5 V; Tamb = 25 °C; unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT Supply VP supply voltage note 1 4 − 18 V IP supply current note 2 − 3.7 5 mA VVMOT input voltage to the output driver stages see Fig.1 1.7 − 16 V 130 140 150 °C − TSD − 30 − K −0.5 − VVMOT V − 0 µA Thermal protection TSD local temperature at temperature sensor causing shut-down ∆T reduction in temperature before switch-on after shut-down MOT0; centre tap VI input voltage II input bias current 0.5 V < VI < VVMOT − 1.5 V −10 note 3 VCSW comparator switching level ±20 ±30 ±40 mV ∆VCSW variation in comparator switching levels −3 0 +3 mV Vhys comparator input hysteresis − 75 − µV IO = 100 mA − 0.93 1.05 V IO = 500 mA − 1.65 1.80 V MOT1, MOT2 and MOT3 VDO drop-out output voltage ∆VOL variation in saturation voltage between lower transistors IO = 100 mA − − 180 mV ∆VOH variation in saturation voltage between upper transistors IO = −100 mA − − 180 mV ILIM current limiting VVMOT = 10 V; RO = 6.8 Ω 0.7 0.8 1 A VDHF diode forward voltage (diode DH) IO = −500 mA; notes 4 and 5; see Fig.1 − − 1.5 V VDLF diode forward voltage (diode DL) IO = 500 mA; notes 4 and 5; see Fig.1 −1.5 − − V IDM peak diode current note 5 − − 1 A input voltage −0.3 − VP − 1.7 V differential mode voltage without 'latch-up' − − ±VP V +AMP IN and −AMP IN VI Ib input bias current − − 650 nA CI input capacitance − 4 − pF Voffset input offset voltage − − 10 mV April 1994 7 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit SYMBOL PARAMETER TDA5140A CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT AMP OUT (open collector) II output sink current Vsat saturation voltage VO output voltage II = 40 mA RL = 330 Ω; CL = 50 pF 40 − − mA − 1.5 2.1 V −0.5 − +18 V SR slew rate − 60 − mA/µs Gtr transfer gain 0.3 − − S VI input voltage −0.3 − +5 V Ib input bias current − − 650 nA RI input resistance 5 − 30 kΩ VCWS comparator switching level 86 − 107 mV Vhys comparator input hysteresis − ±8 − mV − − 0.4 V VP − − V − 0.5 − µs ratio of PG/FG frequency and commutation frequency − 1:2 − δ duty factor − 50 − % tPL pulse width LOW 5 7 18 µs PG IN PG/FG (open collector) VOL LOW level output voltage VOH(max) maximum HIGH level output voltage tTHL HIGH-to-LOW transition time IO = 1.6 mA CL = 50 pF; RL = 10 kΩ after a PG IN pulse CAP-ST Isink output sink current 1.5 2.0 2.5 µA Isource output source current −2.5 −2.0 −1.5 µA VSWL LOW level switching voltage − 0.20 − V VSWH HIGH level switching voltage − 2.20 − V Isink output sink current − 28 − µA Isource output source current CAP-TI 0.05 V < VCAP-TI < 0.3 V − −57 − µA 0.3 V < VCAP-TI < 2.2 V − −5 − µA VSWL LOW level switching voltage − 50 − mV VSWM MIDDLE level switching voltage − 0.30 − V VSWH HIGH level switching voltage − 2.20 − V April 1994 8 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit SYMBOL PARAMETER TDA5140A CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT CAP-CD Isink output sink current 10.6 16.2 22 µA Isource output source current −5.3 −8.1 −11 µA Isink/Isource ratio of sink to source current 1.85 2.05 2.25 VIL LOW level input voltage 850 875 900 mV VIH HIGH level input voltage 2.3 2.4 2.55 V CAP-DC Isink output sink current 10.1 15.5 20.9 µA Isource output source current −20.9 −15.5 −10.1 µA Isink/Isource ratio of sink to source current 0.9 1.025 1.15 VIL LOW level input voltage 850 875 900 mV VIH HIGH level input voltage 2.3 2.4 2.55 V Notes 1. An unstabilized supply can be used. 2. VVMOT = VP, all other inputs at 0 V; all outputs at VP; IO = 0 mA. 3. Switching levels with respect to MOT1, MOT2 and MOT3. 4. Drivers are in the high-impedance OFF-state. 5. The outputs are short-circuit protected by limiting the current and the IC temperature. APPLICATION INFORMATION (1) Value selected for 3 Hz start-up oscillator frequency. Fig.6 Application diagram without use of the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). April 1994 9 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A Because of high inductive loading the output stages contain flyback diodes. The output stages are also protected by a current limiting circuit and by thermal protection of the six output transistors. Introduction (see Fig.7) Full-wave driving of a three phase motor requires three push-pull output stages. In each of the six possible states two outputs are active, one sourcing (H) and one sinking (L). The third output presents a high impedance (Z) to the motor which enables measurement of the motor back-EMF in the corresponding motor coil by the EMF comparator at each output. The commutation logic is responsible for control of the output transistors and selection of the correct EMF comparator. In Table 1 the sequence of the six possible states of the outputs has been depicted. The detected zero-crossings are used to provide speed information. The information has been made available on the PG/FG output pin. This is an open collector output and provides an output signal with a frequency that is half the commutation frequency. A VCR scanner also requires a PG phase sensor. This circuit has an interface for a simple pick-up coil. A multiplexer circuit is also provided to combine the FG and PG signals in time. The system will only function when the EMF voltage from the motor is present. Therefore, a start oscillator is provided that will generate commutation pulses when no zero-crossings in the motor voltage are available. Table 1 Output states. STATE MOT1(1) MOT2(1) MOT3(1) 1 Z L H 2 H L Z 3 H Z L 4 Z H L 5 L H Z 6 L Z H A timing function is incorporated into the device for internal timing and for timing of the reverse rotation detection. The TDA5140A also contains an uncommitted transconductance amplifier (OTA) that can be used as a control amplifier. The output is capable of directly driving an external power transistor. The TDA5140A is designed for systems with low current consumption: use of I2L logic, adaptive base drive for the output transistors (patented), possibility of using a pick-up coil without bias current. Note 1. H = HIGH state; L = LOW state; Z = high impedance OFF-state. The zero-crossing in the motor EMF (detected by the comparator selected by the commutation logic) is used to calculate the correct moment for the next commutation, that is, the change to the next output state. The delay is calculated (depending on the motor loading) by the adaptive commutation delay block. April 1994 10 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBB BBBBBBB BBBBBBB BBBBBBB BBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB TDA5140A BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BB BB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB Fig.7 Typical application of the TDA5140A as a scanner driver, with use of OTA. April 1994 11 BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A Example: J = 72 × 10-6 kg.m2, K = 25 × 10-3 N.m/A, p = 6 and I = 0.5 A; this gives fosc = 5 Hz. If the damping is high then a start frequency of 2 Hz can be chosen or t = 500 ms, thus C = 0.5/2 = 0.25 µF, (choose 220 nF). Adjustments The system has been designed in such a way that the tolerances of the application components are not critical. However, the approximate values of the following components must still be determined: THE ADAPTIVE COMMUTATION DELAY (CAP-CD AND CAP-DC) • The start capacitor; this determines the frequency of the start oscillator. In this circuit capacitor CAP-CD is charged during one commutation period, with an interruption of the charging current during the diode pulse. During the next commutation period this capacitor (CAP-CD) is discharged at twice the charging current. The charging current is 8.1 µA and the discharging current 16.2 µA; the voltage range is from 0.9 to 2.2 V. The voltage must stay within this range at the lowest commutation frequency of interest, fC1: • The two capacitors in the adaptive commutation delay circuit; these are important in determining the optimum moment for commutation, depending on the type and loading of the motor. • The timing capacitor; this provides the system with its timing signals. THE START CAPACITOR (CAP-ST) –6 8.1 × 10 6231 C = -------------------------- = ------------- (C in nF) f × 1.3 f c1 This capacitor determines the frequency of the start oscillator. It is charged and discharged, with a current of 2 µA, from 0.05 to 2.2 V and back to 0.05 V. The time taken to complete one cycle is given by: If the frequency is lower, then a constant commutation delay after the zero-crossing is generated by the discharge from 2.2 to 0.9 V at 16.2 µA. tstart = (2.15 × C) s (with C in µF) maximum delay = (0.076 × C) ms (with C in nF) The start oscillator is reset by a commutation pulse and so is only active when the system is in the start-up mode. A pulse from the start oscillator will cause the outputs to change to the next state (torque in the motor). If the movement of the motor generates enough EMF the TDA5140A will run the motor. If the amount of EMF generated is insufficient, then the motor will move one step only and will oscillate in its new position. The amplitude of the oscillation must decrease sufficiently before the arrival of the next start pulse, to prevent the pulse arriving during the wrong phase of the oscillation. The oscillation of the motor is given by: 1 f osc = ----------------------------------Kt × I × p 2π ----------------------J where: Example: nominal commutation frequency = 900 Hz and the lowest usable frequency = 400 Hz, so: 6231 CAP-CD = ------------- = 15.6 (choose 18 nF) 400 The other capacitor, CAP-DC, is used to repeat the same delay by charging and discharging with 15.5 µA. The same value can be chosen as for CAP-CD. Figure 8 illustrates typical voltage waveforms. Kt = torque constant (N.m/A) I = current (A) p = number of magnetic pole-pairs J = inertia J (kg.m2) April 1994 12 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A Fig.8 CAP-CD and CAP-DC typical voltage waveforms in normal running mode. time is made too long, then the motor may run in the wrong direction (with little torque). THE TIMING CAPACITOR (CAP-TI) Capacitor CAP-TI is used for timing the successive steps within one commutation period; these steps include some internal delays. The capacitor is charged, with a current of 57 µA, from 0.2 to 0.3 V. Above this level it is charged, with a current of 5 µA, up to 2.2 V only if the selected motor EMF remains in the wrong polarity (watchdog function). At the end, or, if the motor voltage becomes positive, the capacitor is discharged with a current of 28 µA. The watchdog time is the time taken to charge the capacitor, with a current of 5 µA, from 0.3 to 2.2 V. The most important function is the watchdog time in which the motor EMF has to recover from a negative diode-pulse back to a positive EMF voltage (or vice versa). A watchdog timer is a guarding function that only becomes active when the expected event does not occur within a predetermined time. To ensure that the internal delays are covered CAP-TI must have a minimum value of 2 nF. For the watchdog function a value for CAP-TI of 10 nF is recommended. The EMF usually recovers within a short time if the motor is running normally (<<ms). However, if the motor is motionless or rotating in the reverse direction, then the time can be longer (>>ms). To ensure a good start-up and commutation, care must be taken that no oscillations occur at the trailing edge of the flyback pulse. Snubber networks at the outputs should be critically damped. A watchdog time must be chosen so that it is long enough for a motor without EMF (still) and eddy currents that may stretch the voltage in a motor winding; however, it must be short enough to detect reverse rotation. If the watchdog April 1994 Typical voltage waveforms are illustrated by Fig.9. 13 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A If the chosen value of CAP-TI is too small oscillations can occur in certain positions of a blocked rotor. If the chosen value is too large, then it is possible that the motor may run in the reverse direction (synchronously with little torque). Fig.9 Typical CAP-TI and VMOT1 voltage waveforms in normal running mode. The accuracy of the FG output signal (jitter) is very good. This accuracy depends on the symmetry of the motor's electromagnetic construction, which also effects the satisfactory functioning of the motor itself. Other design aspects There are other design aspects concerning the application of the TDA5140A besides the commutation function. They are: Example: A 3-phase motor with 6 magnetic pole-pairs at 1500 rpm and with a full-wave drive has a commutation frequency of 25 × 6 × 6 = 900 Hz, and generates a tacho signal of 450 Hz. • Generation of the tacho signal FG • A built-in interface for a PG sensor • General purpose operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) • Possibilities of motor control PG SIGNAL • Reliability. The accuracy of the PG signal in applications such as VCR must be high (phase information). This accuracy is obtained by combining the accurate FG signal with the PG signal by using a wide tolerance external PG sensor. The external PG signal (PG IN) is only used as an indicator to select a particular FG pulse. This pulse differs from the other FG pulses in that it has a short LOW-time of 18 µs after a HIGH-to-LOW transition. All other FG pulses have a 50% duty factor (see Fig.10). FG SIGNAL The FG signal is generated in the TDA5140A by using the zero-crossing of the motor EMF from the three motor windings. Every zero-crossing in a (star connected) motor winding is used to toggle the FG output signal. The FG frequency is therefore half the commutation frequency. All transitions indicate the detection of a zero-crossing (except for PG). The negative-going edges are called FG pulses because they generate an interrupt in a controlling microprocessor. April 1994 For more information also see “application note EIE/AN 93014”. 14 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A Fig.10 Timing and the FG and PG IN signals. The special PG pulse is derived from the negative-going zero-crossing from the MOT3 output (pin 16). The external PG signal (PG IN on pin 5) must sense a positive-going voltage (>80 mV) within 1.5 to 7.5 commutation periods before the negative-going zero-crossing in MOT3 (see Fig.10). 2.2 kΩ PG IN The voltage requirements of the PG IN input are such that an inexpensive pick-up coil can be used as a sensor (see Fig.11). 22 nF GND2 MBD696 Example: If p = 6, then one revolution contains 6 × 6 = 36 commutations. The tolerance is 6 periods, that is 60 degrees (mechanically) or 6.67 ms at 1500 rpm. If a PG sensor is not used, the PG IN input must be grounded, this will result in a 50% duty factor FG signal. April 1994 Fig.11 Pick-up coil as PG sensor. 15 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A THE OPERATIONAL TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIER (OTA) RELIABILITY The OTA is an uncommitted amplifier with a high output current (40 mA) that can be used as a control amplifier. The common mode input range includes ground (GND) and rises to VP − 1.7 V. The high sink current enables the OTA to drive a power transistor directly in an analog control amplifier. It is necessary to protect high current circuits and the output stages are protected in two ways: Although the gain is not extremely high (0.3 S), care must be taken with the stability of the circuit if the OTA is used as a linear amplifier as no frequency compensation has been provided. • Thermal protection of the six output transistors is achieved by each transistor having a thermal sensor that is active when the transistor is switched on. The transistors are switched off when the local temperature becomes too high. • Current limiting of the 'lower' output transistors. The 'upper' output transistors use the same base current as the conducting 'lower' transistor (+15%). This means that the current to and from the output stages is limited. The convention for the inputs (inverting or not) is the same as for a normal operational amplifier: with a resistor (as load) connected from the output (AMP OUT) to the positive supply, a positive-going voltage is found when the non-inverting input (+AMP IN) is positive with respect to the inverting input (−AMP IN). Confusion is possible because a 'plus' input causes less current, and so a positive voltage. It is possible, that when braking, the motor voltage (via the flyback diodes and the impedance on VMOT) may cause higher currents than allowed (>0.6 A). These currents must be limited externally. MOTOR CONTROL DC motors can be controlled in an analog manner using the OTA. For the control an external transistor is required. The OTA can supply the base current for this transistor and act as a control amplifier (see Fig.7). April 1994 16 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A PACKAGE OUTLINES seating plane 22.00 21.35 8.25 7.80 3.7 max 4.7 max 3.9 3.4 0.51 min 0.85 max 2.54 (8x) 0.53 max 0.254 M 0.32 max 7.62 1.4 max 9.5 8.3 MSA259 18 10 6.48 6.14 1 9 Dimensions in mm. Fig.12 18-pin dual in-line; plastic (SOT102). April 1994 17 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A 13.0 12.6 handbook, full pagewidth 7.6 7.4 10.65 10.00 0.1 S S A 0.9 (4x) 0.4 20 11 2.45 2.25 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.1 2.65 2.35 0.32 0.23 pin 1 index 1 1.1 0.5 10 detail A 1.27 0.49 0.36 0.25 M (20x) Dimensions in mm. Fig.13 20-pin small-outline; plastic (SO20L; SOT163A). April 1994 18 0 to 8 o MBC234 - 1 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A SOLDERING BY SOLDER PASTE REFLOW Plastic dual in-line packages Reflow soldering requires the solder paste (a suspension of fine solder particles, flux and binding agent) to be applied to the substrate by screen printing, stencilling or pressure-syringe dispensing before device placement. BY DIP OR WAVE The maximum permissible temperature of the solder is 260 °C; this temperature must not be in contact with the joint for more than 5 s. The total contact time of successive solder waves must not exceed 5 s. Several techniques exist for reflowing; for example, thermal conduction by heated belt, infrared, and vapour-phase reflow. Dwell times vary between 50 and 300 s according to method. Typical reflow temperatures range from 215 to 250 °C. The device may be mounted up to the seating plane, but the temperature of the plastic body must not exceed the specified storage maximum. If the printed-circuit board has been pre-heated, forced cooling may be necessary immediately after soldering to keep the temperature within the permissible limit. Preheating is necessary to dry the paste and evaporate the binding agent. Preheating duration: 45 min at 45 °C. REPAIRING SOLDERED JOINTS (BY HAND-HELD SOLDERING IRON OR PULSE-HEATED SOLDER TOOL) REPAIRING SOLDERED JOINTS Fix the component by first soldering two, diagonally opposite, end pins. Apply the heating tool to the flat part of the pin only. Contact time must be limited to 10 s at up to 300 °C. When using proper tools, all other pins can be soldered in one operation within 2 to 5 s at between 270 and 320 °C. (Pulse-heated soldering is not recommended for SO packages.) Apply the soldering iron below the seating plane (or not more than 2 mm above it). If its temperature is below 300 °C, it must not be in contact for more than 10 s; if between 300 and 400 °C, for not more than 5 s. Plastic small-outline packages BY WAVE For pulse-heated solder tool (resistance) soldering of VSO packages, solder is applied to the substrate by dipping or by an extra thick tin/lead plating before package placement. During placement and before soldering, the component must be fixed with a droplet of adhesive. After curing the adhesive, the component can be soldered. The adhesive can be applied by screen printing, pin transfer or syringe dispensing. Maximum permissible solder temperature is 260 °C, and maximum duration of package immersion in solder bath is 10 s, if allowed to cool to less than 150 °C within 6 s. Typical dwell time is 4 s at 250 °C. A modified wave soldering technique is recommended using two solder waves (dual-wave), in which a turbulent wave with high upward pressure is followed by a smooth laminar wave. Using a mildly-activated flux eliminates the need for removal of corrosive residues in most applications. April 1994 19 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A DEFINITIONS Data sheet status Objective specification This data sheet contains target or goal specifications for product development. Preliminary specification This data sheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published later. Product specification This data sheet contains final product specifications. Limiting values Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Application information Where application information is given, it is advisory and does not form part of the specification. LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale. April 1994 20 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A NOTES April 1994 21 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A NOTES April 1994 22 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A NOTES April 1994 23 Philips Semiconductors – a worldwide company Argentina: IEROD, Av. Juramento 1992 - 14.b, (1428) BUENOS AIRES, Tel. (541)786 7633, Fax. (541)786 9367 Australia: 34 Waterloo Road, NORTH RYDE, NSW 2113, Tel. (02)805 4455, Fax. (02)805 4466 Austria: Triester Str. 64, A-1101 WIEN, P.O. Box 213, Tel. (01)60 101-1236, Fax. (01)60 101-1211 Belgium: Postbus 90050, 5600 PB EINDHOVEN, The Netherlands, Tel. (31)40 783 749, Fax. (31)40 788 399 Brazil: Rua do Rocio 220 - 5th floor, Suite 51, CEP: 04552-903-SÃO PAULO-SP, Brazil. P.O. Box 7383 (01064-970). Tel. (011)821-2327, Fax. (011)829-1849 Canada: INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: Tel. (800)234-7381, Fax. (708)296-8556 DISCRETE SEMICONDUCTORS: 601 Milner Ave, SCARBOROUGH, ONTARIO, M1B 1M8, Tel. (0416)292 5161 ext. 2336, Fax. (0416)292 4477 Chile: Av. Santa Maria 0760, SANTIAGO, Tel. (02)773 816, Fax. (02)777 6730 Colombia: Carrera 21 No. 56-17, BOGOTA, D.E., P.O. Box 77621, Tel. (571)217 4609, Fax. (01)217 4549 Denmark: Prags Boulevard 80, PB 1919, DK-2300 COPENHAGEN S, Tel. (032)88 2636, Fax. (031)57 1949 Finland: Sinikalliontie 3, FIN-02630 ESPOO, Tel. (9)0-50261, Fax. (9)0-520971 France: 4 Rue du Port-aux-Vins, BP317, 92156 SURESNES Cedex, Tel. (01)4099 6161, Fax. (01)4099 6427 Germany: P.O. Box 10 63 23, 20095 HAMBURG , Tel. (040)3296-0, Fax. (040)3296 213 Greece: No. 15, 25th March Street, GR 17778 TAVROS, Tel. (01)4894 339/4894 911, Fax. (01)4814 240 Hong Kong: 15/F Philips Ind. Bldg., 24-28 Kung Yip St., KWAI CHUNG, N.T. Tel. (0)4245 121, Fax. (0)4806 960 India: Philips Components Division, A Block Shivsagar Estate Worli, Dr. Annie Besant Rd., Bombay 400 018 Tel. (022)4938 541, Fax. (022)4938 722 Indonesia: Philips House, Jalan H.R. Rasuna Said Kav. 3-4, P.O. Box 4252, JAKARTA 12950, Tel. (021)5201 122, Fax. (021)5205 189 Ireland: Newstead, Clonskeagh, DUBLIN 14, Tel. (01)640 000, Fax. (01)640 200 Italy: Viale F. Testi, 327, 20162 MILANO, Tel. (02)6752.3358, Fax. (02)6752.3350 Japan: Philips Bldg 13-37, Kohnan 2 -chome, Minato-ku, TOKYO 108, Tel. (03)3740 5028, Fax. (03)3740 0580 Korea: (Republic of) Philips House, 260-199 Itaewon-dong, Yongsan-ku, SEOUL, Tel. (02)794-5011, Fax. (02)798-8022 Malaysia: No. 76 Jalan Universiti, 46200 PETALING JAYA, SELANGOR, Tel. (03)750 5214, Fax. (03)757 4880 Mexico: Philips Components, 5900 Gateway East, Suite 200, EL PASO, TX 79905, Tel. 9-5(800)234-7381, Fax. (708)296-8556 Netherlands: Postbus 90050, 5600 PB EINDHOVEN, Tel. (040)78 37 49, Fax. (040)78 83 99 New Zealand: 2 Wagener Place, C.P.O. Box 1041, AUCKLAND, Tel. (09)849-4160, Fax. (09)849-7811 Norway: Box 1, Manglerud 0612, OSLO, Tel. (022)74 8000, Fax. (022)74 8341 Philips Semiconductors Pakistan: Philips Markaz, M.A. Jinnah Rd., KARACHI 3, Tel. (021)577 039, Fax. (021)569 1832 Philippines: PHILIPS SEMICONDUCTORS PHILIPPINES Inc, 106 Valero St. Salcedo Village, P.O. Box 2108 MCC, MAKATI, Metro MANILA, Tel. (02)810 0161, Fax. (02)817 3474 Portugal: Av. Eng. Duarte Pacheco 6, 1009 LISBOA Codex, Tel. (01)683 121, Fax. (01)658 013 Singapore: Lorong 1, Toa Payoh, SINGAPORE 1231, Tel. (65)350 2000, Fax. (65)251 6500 South Africa: 195-215 Main Road, Martindale, P.O. Box 7430,JOHANNESBURG 2000, Tel. (011)470-5911, Fax. (011)470-5494 Spain: Balmes 22, 08007 BARCELONA, Tel. (03)301 6312, Fax. (03)301 42 43 Sweden: Kottbygatan 7, Akalla. S-164 85 STOCKHOLM, Tel. (0)8-632 2000, Fax. (0)8-632 2745 Switzerland: Allmendstrasse 140, CH-8027 ZÜRICH, Tel. (01)488 2211, Fax. (01)481 7730 Taiwan: 23-30F, 66, Chung Hsiao West Road, Sec. 1, P.O. Box 22978, TAIPEI 10446, Tel. (2)382 4443, Fax. (2)382 4444 Thailand: PHILIPS ELECTRONICS (THAILAND) Ltd., 60/14 MOO 11, Bangna - Trad Road Km. 3 Prakanong, BANGKOK 10260, Tel. (2)399-3280 to 9, (2)398-2083, Fax. (2)398-2080 Turkey: Talatpasa Cad. No. 5, 80640 GULTEPE/ISTANBUL, Tel. (0212)279 2770, Fax. (0212)269 3094 United Kingdom: Philips Semiconductors Limited, P.O. Box 65, Philips House, Torrington Place, LONDON, WC1E 7HD, Tel. (071)436 41 44, Fax. (071)323 03 42 United States: INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: 811 East Arques Avenue, SUNNYVALE, CA 94088-3409, Tel. (800)234-7381, Fax. (708)296-8556 DISCRETE SEMICONDUCTORS: 2001 West Blue Heron Blvd., P.O. Box 10330, RIVIERA BEACH, FLORIDA 33404, Tel. (800)447-3762 and (407)881-3200, Fax. (407)881-3300 Uruguay: Coronel Mora 433, MONTEVIDEO, Tel. (02)70-4044, Fax. (02)92 0601 For all other countries apply to: Philips Semiconductors, International Marketing and Sales, Building BAF-1, P.O. Box 218, 5600 MD, EINDHOVEN, The Netherlands, Telex 35000 phtcnl, Fax. +31-40-724825 SCD30 © Philips Electronics N.V. 1994 All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Printed in The Netherlands 9397 728 20011