Features • • • • • • • • Full Wave Current Sensing Compensated Mains Supply Variations Variable Soft Start or Load-current Sensing Voltage and Current Synchronization Switchable Automatic Retriggering Triggering Pulse Typically 125 mA Internal Supply-voltage Monitoring Current Requirement ≤3 mA Low-cost Phase-control IC with Soft Start Applications • Low-cost Motor Control • Domestic Appliance 1. Description The U2008B is designed as a phase-control circuit in bipolar technology. It enables load-current detection as well as mains-compensated phase control. Motor control with load-current feedback and overload protection are preferred applications. Figure 1-1. Block Diagram with Typical Circuit: Load Current Sensing BYT51K 22 kΩ/2 W 230 V ~ R1 R2 330 kΩ Load D1 αmax 7 Limiting detector R8 1 MΩ 6 Mains voltage compensation Voltage detector Automatic retriggering U2008B Phase control unit Current detector TIC 226 R3 ϕ = f(V3) C1 Supply voltage limiting 8 1 Full wave load current detector + - 22 µF/ 25 V 4 GND Reference voltage Voltage monitoring Soft start 2 C3 3.3 nF R14 47 kΩ 3 R10 ^ V(R6) = ±250 mV -VS 5 180 Ω R6 U2008B C4 100 nF 100 kΩ Set point Load current compensation R7 P1 Rev. 4712B–AUTO–10/05 Figure 1-2. Block Diagram with Typical Circuit: Soft Start 230 V ~ BYT51K 22 kΩ/2W L R1 R2 D1 R8 αmax 680 kΩ 470 kΩ Load 7 Limiting detector 6 Voltage detector Mains voltage compensation Automatic retriggering U2008B Phase control unit Current detector TIC 226 R3 5 ϕ = f(V3) C1 Supply voltage limiting 8 180 Ω 1 Full wave load current detector + - 2 Soft start 4.7 µF/25 V 100 µF/ 25 V 4 GND Reference voltage Voltage monitoring Soft start C5 -VS 3 R10 68 kΩ Set point P1 50 kΩ C3 10 nF C4 100 nF R7 220 kΩ N 2 U2008B 4712B–AUTO–10/05 U2008B 2. Pin Configuration Figure 2-1. Pinning ISENSE Cϕ 1 8 OUTPUT 2 7 VSYNC U2008B Table 2-1. 2.1 CONTROL 3 6 Rϕ GND 4 5 - VS Pin Description Pin Symbol Function 1 ISENSE Load current sensing 2 Cϕ 3 CONTROL 4 GND Ground 5 -VS Supply voltage 6 Rϕ Ramp current adjustment 7 VSYNC 8 OUTPUT Ramp voltage Control input/compensation output Voltage synchronization Trigger output Mains Supply, Pin 5 The integrated circuit U2008B, which also contains voltage limiting, can be connected via D1 and R1 to the mains supply, see Figure 1-2 on page 2. Supply voltage, between Pin 4 (pos., ⊥) and Pin 5, is smoothed by C1. The series resistance R1 can be calculated as follows: V M – V Smax R 1max = 0.85 × -----------------------------2 × I tot where: VM VSmax Itot ISmax Ix = Mains voltage = Maximum supply voltage = ISmax + Ix = Total current compensation = Maximum current consumption of the IC = Current consumption of the external components Operation with externally stabilized DC voltage is not recommended. 3 4712B–AUTO–10/05 2.2 Voltage Monitoring When the voltage is built up, uncontrolled output pulses are avoided by internal voltage monitoring. Apart from that, all latches of the circuit (phase control, load limit regulation) are reset and the soft start capacitor is short circuited. This guarantees a specified start-up behavior each time the supply voltage is switched on or after short interruptions of the mains supply. Soft start is initiated after the supply voltage has been built up. This behavior guarantees a gentle start-up for the motor and automatically ensures the optimum run-up time. 2.3 Phase Control, Pin 6 The function of the phase control is identical to that of the well-known IC U211B. The phase angle of the trigger pulse is derived by comparing the ramp voltage V2 at Pin 2 with the set value on the control input, Pin 3. The slope of the ramp is determined by C3 and its charging current I ϕ. The charging current can be regulated, changed or altered using R8 at Pin 6. The maximum phase angle, αmax, (minimum current flow angle ϕmin) can also be adjusted by using R8 (see Figure 5-1 on page 7). When the potential on Pin 2 reaches the set point level of Pin 3, a trigger pulse is generated whose pulse width, tp, is determined from the value of C3 (tp = 9 µs/nF, Figure 5-3 on page 8). At the same time, a latch is set with the output pulse, as long as the automatic retriggering has not been activated, then no more pulses can be generated in that half cycle. Control input at Pin 3 (with respect to Pin 4) has an active range from -9 V to -2 V. When V3 = -9 V the phase angle is at its maximum amax, i.e., the current flow angle is minimum. The minimum phase angle amin is set with V3 ≥ -1 V. 2.4 Automatic Retriggering The current-detector circuit monitors the state of the triac after triggering by measuring the voltage drop at the triac gate. A current flow through the triac is recognized when the voltage drop exceeds a threshold level of typically 40 mV. If the triac is quenched within the relevant half wave after triggering (for example owing to low load currents before or after the zero crossing of current wave, or for commutator motors, owing to brush lifters), the automatic retriggering circuit ensures immediate retriggering, if necessary with a high repetition rate, tpp/tp, until the triac remains reliably triggered. 2.5 Current Synchronization, Pin 8 Current synchronization fulfils two functions: • Monitoring the current flow after triggering. In case the triac extinguishes again or it does not switch on, automatic triggering is activated as long as triggering is successful. • Avoiding triggering due to inductive load. In the case of inductive load operation, the current synchronization ensures that in the new half wave no pulse is enabled as long as there is a current available from the previous half wave, which flows from the opposite polarity to the actual supply voltage. A special feature of the IC is the realization of current synchronization. The device evaluates the voltage at the pulse output between the gate and reference electrode of the triac. This results in saving the separate current synchronization input with specified series resistance. 4 U2008B 4712B–AUTO–10/05 U2008B 2.6 Voltage Synchronization with Mains Voltage Compensation, Pin 7 The voltage detector synchronizes the reference ramp with the mains supply voltage. At the same time, the mains-dependent input current at Pin 7 is shaped and rectified internally. This current activates automatic retriggering and at the same time is available at Pin 3 (Figure 5-5 on page 9). By suitable dimensioning, it is possible to attain the specified compensation effect. Automatic retriggering and mains voltage compensation are not activated until ⏐ V7 - V 4⏐ increases to 8 V. The resistance Rsync. defines the width of the zero voltage cross-over pulse, synchronization current, and hence the mains supply voltage compensation current. If the mains voltage compensation and the automatic retriggering are not required, both functions can be suppressed by limiting ⏐ V7 - V4⏐ ≤7 V (see Figure 2-2). Figure 2-2. Suppression of Automatic Retriggering and Mains Voltage Compensation Mains R2 7 2x BZX55 C6V2 U2008B 4 A further feature of the IC is the selection between soft start and load-current compensation. Soft start is possible by connecting a capacitor between Pin 1 and Pin 4 (Figure 5-4 on page 8). In the case of load-current compensation, Pin 1 is directly connected with resistance R6, which is used for sensing load current. 2.7 Load Current Detection, Pin 1 The circuit continuously measures the load current as a voltage drop at resistor R6. The evaluation and use of both half waves results in a quick reaction to load-current change. Due to voltage at resistor R6, there is an increase of input current at Pin 1. This current increase controls the internal current source, whose positive current values are available at Pin 3 (see Figure 5-7 on page 9). The output current generated at Pin 3 contains the difference from the load-current detection and the mains-voltage compensation (see Figure 5-5 on page 9). The effective control voltage is the final current at Pin 3 together with the desired value network. An increase of mains voltage causes an increase of the control angle α. An increase of load current results in a decrease of the control angle. This avoids a decrease in revolution by increasing the load as well as an increase of revolution by the increment of mains supply voltage. 5 4712B–AUTO–10/05 3. Absolute Maximum Ratings VS = 14 V, reference point Pin 4, unless otherwise specified Parameters Symbol Value Unit -IS 30 mA -iS 100 mA ±IsyncV ±isyncV 5 20 mA mA Control voltage -VI VS to 0 V Input current ±II 500 mA -Iϕmax 0.5 mA Input current II 1 mA Input voltage VI -VS to +2 V Input voltage Pin 8 +VI -VI 2 VS V V Storage temperature range Tstg -40 to +125 °C Junction temperature range Tj -10 to +125 °C Current limitation Pin 5 t ≤10 µs Synchronous currents Pin 7 t ≤10 µs Phase Control Pin 3 Charge current Pin 6 Load Current Monitoring/Soft Start, Pin 1 Pulse output 4. Thermal Resistance Parameters Junction ambient Symbol Value Unit DIP8 RthJA 110 K/W SO8 on p.c. RthJA 220 K/W So8 on ceramic RthJA 140 K/W 5. Electrical Characteristics Parameters Test Conditions Symbol Min. 14.5 14.6 Typ. Max. Unit 16.5 16.8 V V 3.0 mA 11.3 12.3 V 0.15 2 30 mA µA 8.5 9.0 V 100 µA 1.95 2.05 V Supply (Pin 5) Supply-voltage limitation -IS = 3.5 mA -IS = 30 mA -VS -VS Current requirement Pins 1, 4 and 7 open -IS Voltage Monitoring (Pin 5) Turn-on threshold -VTON Phase Control Input current Voltage sync. Pin 7 Current sync. Pin 8 ±IsyncV ±IsyncI 3 Voltage limitation ±IL = 2 mA Pin 7 ±VsyncV 8.0 Reference Ramp (see Figure 5-1 on page 7) Charge current Pin 7 Iϕ 1 Start voltage Pin 2 -Vmax 1.85 6 U2008B 4712B–AUTO–10/05 U2008B 5. Electrical Characteristics (Continued) Parameters Test Conditions Symbol Temperature coefficient of start voltage Pin 2 Rϕ - reference voltage Iϕ = 10 µA, Pins 6 to 5 Temperature coefficient Iϕ = 10 µA, Pin 6 Iϕ = 1 µA Min. Typ. Max. -0.003 -TCR VRϕ 0.96 TCVRϕ TCVRϕ 1.02 Unit %/K 1.10 0.03 0.06 V %/K %/K Pulse Output (see Figure 5-2 on page 8) (Pin 8) Output-pulse current V8 = -1.2, RGT = 0 Ω I0 Output-pulse width C3 = 3.3 nF, VS = Vlimit tp 100 125 150 30 mA µs Automatic Retriggering (Pin 8) Turn-on threshold voltage Repetition rate ±VION 20 60 mV tpp 3 5 7.5 tp I0 5 10 15 µA 25 40 I7 ≥ 150 µA Soft Start (see Figure 5-4 on page 8) (Pin 1) Starting current V1–4 = 8 V Final current V1–4 = -2 V Discharge current Output current Pin 3 I0 15 -I0 0.5 -I0 0.2 14 µA mA 2 mA Mains Voltage Compensation (see Figure 5-5 on page 9) Current transfer gain I7/I3 Pins 7, Pin 3 Pins 1 and 2 open Gi Reverse current V(R6) = V3 = V7 = 0, Pin 3 ±IR 17 20 2 µA Load-current Detection, V7 = 0 (see Figure 5-7 on page 9) Transfer gain I3/V1 Offset current V1 = 0, V3 = -8 V, G 0.28 0.32 0.37 µA/mV I0 0 3 6 µA Input voltage Pin 1 -VI 300 400 mV Input offset voltage Pin 1 ±V0 6 mV Figure 5-1. Pin 3 Ramp Control Phase Angle α (°) 250 200 33 nF 10 nF 6.8 nF 4.7 nF 3.3 nF 2.2 nF 150 Cϕ/t = 1.5 nF 100 50 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Rϕ(R8) (kΩ) 7 4712B–AUTO–10/05 Figure 5-2. Pulse Output 120 VGT = -1.2 V 100 IGT (mA) 80 60 40 20 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 RGT (Ω) Figure 5-3. Output Pulse Width 400 ∆tp/∆Cϕ = 9 µs/nF tp (µs) 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 Cϕ (nF) Figure 5-4. Option Soft Start 1 C5 = 1 µF 0 V1-4( V ) -1 10 µF -2 -3 4.7 µF -4 Supply R1 = 22 kΩ/2 W C1 = 100 µF/25 V -5 0 1 2 3 4 5 t(s) 8 U2008B 4712B–AUTO–10/05 U2008B Figure 5-5. Mains Voltage Compensation 0 I3 (µA) -40 -80 -120 -160 Reference Point Pin 10 Pins 1 VS = -13 V -200 -2 -1 0 1 2 I7 (mA) Figure 5-6. Maximum Resistance of R1 100 Max. Series Resistance VM = 230 V R1max (kΩ) 80 60 40 20 0 0 2 4 6 8 1 0 IS (mA) Figure 5-7. Load-current Detection 200 I5 (µA) 160 V6 = Ref = V8 VS = -13 V V15 = V10 = 0 V Reference Point Pin 8 120 80 40 0 -400 -200 0 200 400 V(R6) (mV) 9 4712B–AUTO–10/05 Figure 5-8. Power Dissipation of R1 10 Power Dissipation at Series Resistance R1 PV (W) 8 6 4 2 0 0 10 20 30 50 40 R1 (kΩ) Figure 5-9. Power Dissipation of R1 According to Current Consumption 10 Power Dissipation at Series Resistance PV (W) 8 6 4 2 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 IS (mA) 10 U2008B 4712B–AUTO–10/05 U2008B 6. Ordering Information Extended Type Number Package U2008B-xY Remarks DIP8 Tube, Pb-free U2008B-xFPY SO8 Tube, Pb-free U2008B-xFPG3Y SO8 Taped and reeled, Pb-free 7. Package Information P a c k a g e D IP 8 D im e n s io n s in m m 7 .7 7 7 .4 7 9 .8 9 .5 1 .6 4 1 .4 4 4 .8 m a x 6 .4 m a x 0 .5 m in 0 .5 8 0 .4 8 3 .3 0 .3 6 m a x 9 .8 8 .2 2 .5 4 7 .6 2 8 5 te c h n ic a l d ra w in g s a c c o rd in g to D IN s p e c ific a tio n s 1 4 Package SO8 Dimensions in mm 5.2 4.8 5.00 4.85 3.7 1.4 0.25 0.10 0.4 1.27 6.15 5.85 3.81 8 0.2 3.8 5 technical drawings according to DIN specifications 1 4 11 4712B–AUTO–10/05 8. Revision History Please note that the following page numbers referred to in this section refer to the specific revision mentioned, not to this document. 12 Revision No. History 4712B-AUTO-08/05 • Put datasheet in a new template • First page: Pb-free logo added • Page 11: Ordering Information changed U2008B 4712B–AUTO–10/05 Atmel Corporation 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 487-2600 Regional Headquarters Europe Atmel Sarl Route des Arsenaux 41 Case Postale 80 CH-1705 Fribourg Switzerland Tel: (41) 26-426-5555 Fax: (41) 26-426-5500 Asia Room 1219 Chinachem Golden Plaza 77 Mody Road Tsimshatsui East Kowloon Hong Kong Tel: (852) 2721-9778 Fax: (852) 2722-1369 Japan 9F, Tonetsu Shinkawa Bldg. 1-24-8 Shinkawa Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033 Japan Tel: (81) 3-3523-3551 Fax: (81) 3-3523-7581 Atmel Operations Memory 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 436-4314 RF/Automotive Theresienstrasse 2 Postfach 3535 74025 Heilbronn, Germany Tel: (49) 71-31-67-0 Fax: (49) 71-31-67-2340 Microcontrollers 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 436-4314 La Chantrerie BP 70602 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France Tel: (33) 2-40-18-18-18 Fax: (33) 2-40-18-19-60 ASIC/ASSP/Smart Cards 1150 East Cheyenne Mtn. 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