TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors U 210 B / U 210 B–FP Phase Control Circuit – Load Current Feedback Applications Technology: Bipolar Features Externally controlled integrated amplifier Triggering pulse typ. 125 mA Variable soft start Internal supply voltage monitoring Automatic retriggering Temperature constant reference source Voltage and current synchronisation Current requirement ≤ 3 mA Case: DIP 14, SO 16 Figure 1 Block diagram Preliminary Information 1 U 210 B / U 210 B–FP TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Figure 2 Block diagram with external circuitry Open loop control with load current compensation 2 Preliminary Information TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors U 210 B / U 210 B–FP Description Mains supply The U 210 B is fitted with voltage limiting and can therefore be supplied directly from the mains. The supply voltage between Pin 2 (+pol/) and Pin 3 builds up across D1 and R1 and is smoothed by C1. The vaIue of the series resistance can be approximated using: R1= VM–VS 2 IS Further information regarding the design of the mains supply can be found in the data sheets in the appendix. The reference voltage source on Pin 13 of typ. –8.9 V is derived from the supply voltage. It represents the reference level of the control unit. Operating using an externally stabiIised DC voltage is not recommended. If the supply cannot be taken directly from the mains because the power dissipation in R1 would be too large, then the circuit shown in the following Figure 3 should be employed. Figure 3 Supply voltage for high current requirements Phase control The function of the phase control is largely identical to that of the well known components U 111 B and TEA 1007. The phase angle of the trigger pulse is derived by comparing the ramp voltage, which is mains synchronised by the voltage detector, with the set value on the control input Pin 9. The slope of the ramp is determined by C2 and its charging current. The charging current can be varied using R2 on Pin 5. The maximum phase angle max can also be adjusted using R2. When the potential on Pin 6 reaches the nominal value predetermined at Pin 9, then a trigger pulse is generated whose width tp is determined by the value of C2 (the value of C2 and hence the pulse width can be evaluated by assuming 8 s/nF). At the same time, a latch is set, so that as long as the automatic retriggering has not been activated, then no more pulses can be generated in that half cycle. The current sensor on Pin 1 ensures that, for operation with inductive loads, no pulse will be generated in a new half cycle as long as current from the previous half cycle is still flowing in the opposite direction to the supply voltage at that instant. This makes sure that ”Gaps” in the load current are prevented. The control signal on Pin 9 can be in the range 0 V to –7 V (reference point Pin 2). If Vpin9 = –7 V then the phase angle is at maximum = max i .e. the current flow angle is a minimum. The minimum phase angle min is when Vpin9 = Vpin2. Voltage monitoring As the voltage is built up, uncontrolled output pulses are avoided by internal voltage surveillance. At the same time, all of the latches in the circuit (phase control, soft start) are reset and the soft–start capacitor is short circuited. Used with a switching hysteresis of 300 mV, this system guarantees defined start–up behaviour each time the supply voltage is switched on or after short interruptions of the mains supply. 3 Preliminary Information U 210 B / U 210 B–FP TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Soft–start As soon as the supply voltage builds up (t1), the integrated soft–start is initiated. The figure below shows the behaviour of the voltage across the soft–start capacitor and is identical with the voltage on the phase control input on Pin 9. This behaviour allows a gentle start–up for the motor. Figure 4 Soft–start C3 is first charged with typ. 30 A. The charging current then increases as the voltage across C4 increases giving a progressively rising charging function with more and more strongly accelerates the motor with increasing rotational speed. The charging function determines the acceleration up to the set point. The charging current can have a maximum value of 85 A. Control amplifier The integrated control amplifier with differential input has a bipolar current output, with typically ±110 A at Pin 9 and a transmittance of typ. 1000 A/V. The amplification and frequency response are determined by external circuit. For operation as a power control, it should be connected with Pin 7. Phase angle of the firing pulse can be adjusted by using the voltage at Pin 8. An internal limiting circuit prevents the voltage on Pin 9 becoming more negative than V13 + 1 V. Load current detection, Figure 2 Voltage drop across R8, dependent of load current, generates an input–current at Pin 11 limited by R5. Proportional output current of 0.44 x I11 (CTR) is available at Pin 12. It is proportional with respect to phase and amplitude of load current. Capacitor C3 integrates the current whereas resistor R7 evaluates it. The voltage obtained due to load current proportionality, can be used according to the application i.e., load current compensation or load current regulation. Pulse output stage The pulse output stage is short circuit protected and can typically deliver currents of 125 mA. For the design of smaller triggering currents, the function IGT = f (RGT) has been given in the data sheets in the appendix. In contrast to the U 111 B and the TEA 1007, the pulse output stage of the U 210 B has no gate bypass resistor. Automatic retriggering The automatic retriggering prevents half cycles without current flow, even if the triac is turned off earlier e.g. due to not exactly centred collector (brush lifter) or in the event of unsuccessful triggering. After a time lapse of tpp =4.5 tp is generated another triggering pulse which is repeated until either the triac fires or the half cycle finishes. 4 Preliminary Information TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors U 210 B / U 210 B–FP General hints and explanation of terms To ensure safe and trouble–free operation, the following points should be taken into consideration when circuits are being constructed or in the design of printed boards. The connecting lines from C2 to Pin 6 and Pin 2 should be as short as possible, and the connection to Pin 2 should not carry any additional high current such as the load current. When selecting C2, a low temperature coefficient is desirable. Figure 5 Explanation of terms in phase relationship Preliminary Information 5 U 210 B / U 210 B–FP TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Absolute Maximum Ratings Reference point Pin 2, unless otherwise specified Parameters Current requirement Peak current requirement Synchronisation current t ≤ 10 s t ≤ 10 s Pin 3 Pin 3 Pin 1 Pin 14 Pin 1 Pin 14 Symbol –IS –is –Isync.I –Isync.V –iI "iv Value 30 100 5 5 35 35 Unit mA mA mA mA mA mA t ≤ 10 s Pin 11 Pin 11 –II –II 2 5 mA mA Pin 9 Pin 9 Pin 5 –VI "II –II 0 ... 7 500 1 V A mA Pin 10 –VI V13 ... 0 V Pin 4 Vo VS ... 5 V Pin 8 Pin 7 VI –VI 0 ... VS V13 ... 0 V Pin 13 Io Tstg Tj Tamb 7.5 –40 ... +125 125 –10 ... +100 mA °C °C °C Symbol RthJA RthJA RthJA Maximum 120 180 100 Unit K/W K/W K/W t ≤ 10 s Load current monitoring Input current Phase control Input voltage Input current Soft–start Input voltage Pulse output Reverse voltage Amplifier Input voltage Reference voltage source Output current Storage temperature range Junction temperature Ambient temperature range Thermal Resistance Parameters Junction ambient 6 DIP 14 SO 16 on p.c. SO 16 on ceramic Preliminary Information U 210 B / U 210 B–FP TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Electrical Characteristics –Vs = 13.0 V, Tamb = 25 °C, reference point Pin 2, unless otherwise specified Parameters Test Conditions / Pin Supply voltage for mains operations Symbol Min Pin 3 –VS Typ Max Unit 13.0 VLimit V 16.6 16.8 V V Supply voltage limitation –IS = 3 mA –IS = 30 mA Pin 3 Pin 3 –VS –VS 14.6 14.7 DC supply current –VS =13.0 V Pin 3 –IS 1.2 2.5 3.0 mA Reference voltage source –IL = 10 mA –IL = 5 mA Pin 13 Pin 13 –VRef –VRef 8.6 8.3 8.9 9.2 9.1 V V Pin 13 –TCVRef 0.5 Turn–on threshold Pin 3 –VSON 11.2 Turn–off threshold Pin 3 –VSOFF 9.9 Current synchronisation Pin 1 Isync.I 0.35 3.5 mA Voltage synchronisation Pin 14 Isync.V 0.35 3.5 mA Pin 1 Pin 14 "VI "VI 8.0 8.0 9.5 9.5 V V I6 1 20 mA Pin5,3 VöRef 1.06 1.18 V Pin 5 TCVöRef Temperature coefficient mV/K Voltage monitoring 13.0 10.9 V V Phase control currents Voltage limitation ±IL= 5 mA 8.9 8.9 Reference ramp Load current, Figure 6 Rö–reference voltage I6 = f(Rf) Rf = 1 K ... 820 KW Pin 6 a ≥ 180 ° Temperature coefficient 1.13 0.5 mV/K Pulse output, Figure 12 Output pulse current RGT= 0, VGT=1.2 V Pin 4 Io 125 150 mA Pin 4 Ior 0.01 3.0 mA Pin4,2 tp 80 Pin 4 tpp 3 Common mode voltage range Pin7,8 V7,8 V13 Input bias current Pin 8 IIB 0.01 Input offset voltage Pin7,8 VIO 10 Output current, Figure 9 Pin 9 Pin 9 –IO +IO Pin 9 Yf Reverse current 100 Output pulse width Cö = 10 nF ms Automatic retriggering Repetition rate 4.5 6 tp –1 V 1 mA Amplifier Short circuit forward transmittance I12 = f(V10-11) 75 88 Preliminary Information 110 120 1000 mV 145 165 mA mA mA/V 7 U 210 B / U 210 B–FP Parameters Test Conditions / Pin TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Soft-start, Figures 7, 8 Starting current V10 = V13 Pin 10 Io 20 30 50 A Final current V10 = –0.5 V Pin 10 IO 50 85 130 A Pin 10 –IO 0.5 3 10 mA II II 0 300 500 308 A A VIO –8 0 mV 4 A 134 A Discharge current, restart pulse Load current detection, Figure 11 Input current voltage VI = 300 mV, RV = 1 K Pin 11 Pin 11 Input offset voltage Pin 11 Output open current VI = 0 V, RV= 1 K Pin 12 IO 1 Output current VI = 300 mV, RV = 1 K V12 = V13 Pin 12 IO 120 Current transfer ratio CTR = I12 I11 I12 = 150 A I12 = 300 A Temperature coefficient of current transfer ratio 8 127 CTR CTR 0.44 ± 5% 0.42 ± 6% TC 0.2 Pin 12/11 Pin 12/11 Pin 12/11 Preliminary Information 0/ /K 00 TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors U 210 B / U 210 B–FP Preliminary Information 9 U 210 B / U 210 B–FP 10 TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Preliminary Information TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors U 210 B / U 210 B–FP Design calculations The following equations can be used for the evaluation of the series resistor R1 for worst case conditions: VMmin – VSmax R1max = 0.9 @ 2 Itot R1min = VMmax – VSmin P (R1max) = 2 ISmax (VMmax – VSmin)2 2 R1 where: VM= Mains voltage 220 V Vs = Supply voltage on Pin 4 Itot = Total DC current requirement of the circuit = ISmax + Ip + Ix ISmax = Current requirement of the IC in mA Ip = Average current requirement of the triggering pulses Ix = Current requirement of other peripheral components R1 can be easily evaluated from Figures 12 – 14 Preliminary Information 11 U 210 B / U 210 B–FP TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Applications In contrast to simple speed controller”, the circuits shown in Figures 15 and 16, react to the load dependent speed drop in which the magnitude of the load current acts on the speed compensation. For this purpose, the load current is measured by shunt resistor R8. The voltage drop generates a current at Pin 11 dependent of R5, which reflects in the specified current at the output of Pin 12. Rated impedance of the output current at Pin 12 is represented through the coupling resistance R7 and the total impedance of the set point. The integrated load current proportional signal at C3 effects in the same direction on the control input as the set point i.e., by the increase of load current follows an automatic increase of manipulated set point, so that a compensation of speed falls. Compensation arrangement is influenced with resistance values i.e. R5 (= 100 ... 5 k) and R7 (= 10 k ... 150 k) whereas the higher effect is achieved by increasing the value of R7 and decreasing R5. Influence of compensation can be increased up to the value where the drive system (motor) starts to oscillate. Dimensioning in the applications are with the drill machine of 700 W power. Figure 15 Speed control with load current compensation 12 Preliminary Information TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors U 210 B / U 210 B–FP Figure 16 Speed control with load current compensation Figure 17 Load current regulation with soft start Current regulation is achieved by the integrated operational amplifier as PI–controller (R7, C5, C6). Inverted input (Pin 7) of the operational amplifier is directly connected at C3 with load current proportional test signal (actual value). Desired value is obtained with the help of potentiometer at Pin 8. Preliminary Information 13 U 210 B / U 210 B–FP TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Dimensions in mm 14 Preliminary Information TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors U 210 B / U 210 B–FP OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES POLICY STATEMENT It is the policy of TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH to 1. Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements and 2. Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment. Of particular concern is the control or elimination of releases into the atmosphere of those substances which are known as ozone depleting substances ( ODSs). The Montreal Protocol ( 1987) and its London Amendments ( 1990) will soon severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances. TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH semiconductor division has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of any ODSs listed in the following documents. 1. Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively 2 . Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA) in the USA and 3. Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C ( transitional substances ) respectively. TEMIC can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with and do not contain ozone depleting substances. We reserve the right to make changes without further notice to improve technical design. Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by customer. Should Buyer use TEMIC products for any unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify TEMIC against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use. TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH, P.O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 (0)7131 67 2831, Fax Number: 49 (0)7131 67 2423 Preliminary Information 15