T2117 Zero-Voltage Switch with Adjustable Ramp Description The integrated circuit, T2117, is designed as a zerovoltage switch in bipolar technology. It is used to control resistive loads at mains by a triac in zero-crossing mode. A ramp generator allows power control function by period group control, whereas full-wave logic guarantees that full mains cycles are used for load switching. Features Simple power control Direct supply from the mains Ramp generator Current consumption ≤ 0.5 mA Reference voltage Very few external components Applications Full-wave drive – no DC current component in the load circuit Full-wave power control Temperature regulation Negative output current pulse typ. 100 mA – short-circuit protected Power blinking switch Block Diagram 220 k (250 V~) 2.2 F/ 10 V BYT41M R1 18 k 2W Load 1000 W 2 8 C1 5 100 k 1 Ramp generator 7 Synchronization Supply GND R5 12 k max L –VS R4 C2 R2 (Rsync) D1 3 4 + + – Comparator 6 min Pulse amplifier Reference voltage 1.4 V R6 MT2 100 MT1 Full-wave logic 100 k VM = 230 V~ 100 F/ 16 V TIC 236N R3 T2117 18 k N Figure 1. Block diagram with typical circuit, period group control 0 to 100% Ordering Information Extended Type Number Package T2117-3AS DIP8 Tube T2117-TAS SO8 Tube T2117-TAQ SO8 Taped and reeled Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01 Remarks 1 (11) T2117 Pin Description Ramp 1 8 Vsync CRamp 2 7 GND T2117 T2117 POSIN Ramp control 1 3 6 Output R4 NEGIN 4 5 2 VS Figure 2. Pinning Pin Symbol 1 Ramp Ramp output 2 CRamp Ramp capacitor 3 POSIN Non-inverting comparator input 4 NEGIN Inverting comparator input 5 VS 6 Output 7 GND Ground 8 Vsync Voltage synchronization C2 –VS Figure 3. Pin 1 internal network Function t V1 Final voltage Vmin –1.6 V Supply voltage Trigger pulse output –7.6 V Initial voltage Vmax T Figure 4. Threshold voltage of the ramp at VS = –8.8 V General Description Triac Firing Current (Pulse) The integrated circuit T2117 is a triac controller for zerocrossing mode. It is designed to control power in switching resistive loads of mains supplies. This depends on the triac requirement. It can be limited with gate series resistance which is calculated as follows: Information regarding supply sync. is provided at Pin 8 via resistor RSync. To avoid DC load on the mains, the fullwave logic guarantees that complete mains cycles are used for load switching. A fire pulse is released when the inverting input of the comparator is negative (Pin 4) with respect to the noninverting input (Pin 3) and internal reference voltage. A ramp generator with free selectable duration can be performed by capacitor C2 at Pin 2. The ramp function is used for open-loop control (figure 4), but also for application with proportional band regulation (figure 11). Ramp voltage available at capacitor C2 is decoupled across the emitter follower at Pin l. To maintain the lamp flicker specification, ramp duration is adjusted according to the controlling load. In practice, interference should be avoided (temperature control). Therefore, a two-point control is preferred to proportional control. One can use internal reference voltage for simple applications. In that case, Pin 3 is inactive and connected to Pin 7 (GND), see figure 13. 2 (11) RGmax 7.5 V – VGmax – 36 IGmax IP = IGmax T tp where: VG = Gate voltage IGmax = Maximum gate current Ip = Average gate current tp = Firing pulse width T = Mains period duration Firing Pulse Width tp (Figure 5) This depends on the latching current of the triac and its load current. The firing pulse width is determined by the zero-crossing detection which can be influenced with the help of sync. resistance, Rsync, (figure 6). tp = 2 arc. sin IL VM P 2 Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01 T2117 whereby: = IL VM = P = The series resistance R1 can be calculated (figures 7 and 8) as follows: Latching current of the triac Mains supply, effective Power load (user’s power) R1max = 0.85 Total current consumption is influenced by the firing pulse width which can be calculated as follows: tp VM 2 sin ( 2 ) 0.6 V R sync 49 k 3.5 10 5A 10.00 VMains = 230 V∼ t p ( ms ) 1.00 Itot 2 R1 = IS + IP + Ix whereby: VM = Mains voltage VS = Limiting voltage of the IC Itot = Total current consumption IS = Current requirement of the IC (without load) Ix = Current requirement of other peripheral components P(R1) = Power dissipation at R1 50 IL ( mA) 0.10 40 200 50 0.01 10 100 1000 P(W) 10000 R 1 ( k ) VMains=230V 100 30 20 Figure 5. Output pulse width 10 0 2000 0 VMains = 230 V∼ 3 6 9 12 15 Itot ( mA ) 1600 Rsync ( kOhm ) (VM – VS)2 VMmin – VSmax ; P(R1) = 2 Itot Figure 7. Maximum resistance of R1 1200 6 VMains=230V 800 5 400 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 tp ( s ) Figure 6. Synchronization resistance Supply Voltage PR1 ( W ) 4 3 2 1 0 0 The T2117 contains voltage limiting and can be connected with the mains supply via the diode D1 and the resistor R1. Supply voltage between Pin 5 and 7 is limited to a typical value of 9.5 V. Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01 3 6 9 12 15 Itot ( mA ) Figure 8. Power dissipation of R1 according to current consumption 3 (11) T2117 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Value Unit Supply current Pin 5 –IS 30 mA Sync. current Pin 8 ISync. 5 mA Output current ramp generator Pin 1 IO 3 mA Input voltages Pin 1, 3, 4, 6 Pin 2 Pin 8 –VI –VI ±VI ≤VS 2 to VS ≤ 7.3 V V V Ptot Ptot 400 125 mW mW Tj 125 °C Operating ambient temperature range Tamb 0 to 100 °C Storage temperature range Tstg –40 to + 125 °C Symbol Value Unit Power dissipation Tambb = 45°C Tamb = 100°C Junction temperature Thermal Resistance Parameter Junction ambient SO8 RthJA 200 K/W Junction ambient DIP8 RthJA 110 K/W Electrical Characteristics –VS = 8.8 V, Tamb = 25°C, reference point Pin 7, unless otherwise specified Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Pin 5 Pin 5 –VS –VS 9.0 9.1 9.5 9.6 10.0 10.1 V V Pin 5 –IS 500 A Pin 8 ± VI 7.7 8.7 V Synchronization current Pin 8 ±Isync 0.12 Zero detector Pin 8 ±Isync 35 A VM= 230 V, Rsync = 220 k Rsync = 470 k Pin 6 Pin 6 tP tP 260 460 s s V6 = 0 V Pin 6 –IO Supply-voltage limitation Test Conditions / Pins –IS = 1 mA –IS = 10 mA Supply current Voltage limitation Output pulse width Output pulse current I8 = ± 1 mA 8.2 mA 100 mA Comparator ± VI0 15 mV IIB 1 A (VS–1) V Input offset voltage Pin 3,4 Input bias current Pin 4 Common-mode input voltage Pin 3,4 –VIC Pin 4 –VRef Threshold internal reference 4 (11) V3 = 0 V 1 1.4 V Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01 T2117 Electrical Characteristics (continued) –VS = 8.8 V, Tamb = 25°C, reference point Pin 7, unless otherwise specified Parameter Test Conditions / Pins Symbol –IS= 1 mA, isync =1 mA, C1 = 100 F, C2 = 2.2 F, R4= 100 k Pin 1 T Min. Typ. Max. Unit Ramp generator, figure 1 Period 1.5 s Final voltage Pin 1 –V1 1.2 1.6 2.0 V Initial voltage Pin 1 –V1 7.2 7.6 8.0 V V2 = –VS, I8 = –1 mA, Pin 2 –I2 14 20 26 A Charge current Applications L 0.5 ... 2.2 kW VM= 230 V ~ N 270 k BYT41M 100 nF/ 250 V ~ 18 k/ 1.5 W 56 82 8 7 6 5 T2117 1 150 k 47 F/ 16V 2 3 4 110 k 0.47 F/ 10 V Figure 9. Power blinking switch with f 2.7 Hz, duty cycle 1:1, power range 0.5 to 2.2 kW Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01 5 (11) T2117 L RL Load 270 k BYT41M VM = 230 V ~ 18 k 1.5 W 56 N VDR +5 V 8 7 6 5 CNY21 T2117 1 2 3 4 47 F/ 10 V 56 k II 1.5 mA 39 k VI Figure 10. Power switch D1 2.2 F/ 10 V R8 R4 100 k 470 k BC237 NTC/M87 B value = 3988 R(25) 100 k R5 R1 8 18 k/ 2W Load 1000 W C1 5 R7 130 k VM = 230 V~ 7 Ramp generator Synchronization + + – Full-wave logic Supply 3 R9 150 220 k R2 (Rsync) 1) 4 Rp 220 k (250 V~) 2 1 R6 100 k C2 L BYT41M 6 Comparator Reference voltage 1.4 V Pulse amplifier 100 R3 T2117 N Figure 11. Temperature control 15 to 35°C with sensor monitoring NTC–Sensor M 87 Fabr. Siemens R(25) =100 k/B =3988 ⇒ R(15) = 159 k R(35) = 64.5 k 6 (11) R51) determines the proportional range Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01 T2117 L –T BYT41M Load 1N4148 R1 0.35 ... 1.5 kW R4 510 k 680 k R5 VM = 230 V ~ 680 k R2 R3 13 k/2 W 62 IH = 50 mA N 1N4148 8 7 6 R16 5 220 k R6 T2117 9.1 k R7 1 R10 2 3 R15 C3 910 k R9 C4 100 F/ 12 V 47 F 25 k 10 nF C1 NTC 33 k 12 k C5 12 k 4 R8 56 k 2.2 F C2 1 F Figure 12. Room temperature control with definite reduction (remote control) for a temperature range of 5 to 30°C Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01 7 (11) T2117 L 220 k Load/ 1000 W BYT41M VM = 230 V ~ 18 k 1.5 W VDR 56 N 8 7 6 5 220 k (680 k T2117 1 2 3 4 10 nF 68 F/ 10 V 500 k (2 M 50 k (200 k NTC Figure 13. Two–point temperature control for a temperature range of 15 to 30°C 8 (11) Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01 T2117 L D1 Rsync Load/400 W BYT41M 430 k VM = 230 V~ R1 18 k/ 1.5 W 92 N R3 8 6 7 5 NTC 200 k T2117 D2 1N4148 1 2 3 4 R6 R15/ 50 k 27 k 330 k R4/ 39 k R5 R7/ 8.2 k C2 150 nF C3 33 F/ 10 V C1 68 F/ 10 V Figure 14. Two-point temperature control for a temperature range of 18 to 32°C and a hysteresis of ± 0.5°C at 25°C Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01 9 (11) T2117 Package Information Package DIP8 Dimensions in mm 9.8 9.5 1.64 1.44 7.77 7.47 4.8 max 6.4 max 0.5 min 0.58 0.48 3.3 0.36 max 9.8 8.2 2.54 7.62 8 5 technical drawings according to DIN specifications 1 4 Package SO8 Dimensions in mm 5.2 4.8 5.00 4.85 3.7 1.4 0.25 0.10 0.4 1.27 6.15 5.85 3.81 8 0.2 3.8 5 technical drawings according to DIN specifications 1 10 (11) 4 Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01 T2117 Ozone Depleting Substances Policy Statement It is the policy of Atmel Germany GmbH to 1. Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements. 2. Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment. It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances (ODSs). The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances. Atmel Germany GmbH has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents. 1. Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively 2. Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA 3. Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C (transitional substances) respectively. Atmel Germany GmbH can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances. We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice. Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use Atmel products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify Atmel against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use. Data sheets can also be retrieved from the Internet: http://www.atmel–wm.com 2. Atmel Germany GmbH, P.O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 (0)7131 67 2594, Fax number: 49 (0)7131 67 2423 Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01 11 (11)