Low Cost, High Speed Rail-to-Rail Amplifiers AD8091/AD8092 APPLICATIONS NC 1 AD8091 8 NC –IN 2 7 +VS +IN 3 6 VOUT –VS 4 5 NC NC = NO CONNECT 02859-001 CONNECTION DIAGRAMS Figure 1. SOIC-8 (R-8) VOUT 1 AD8091 5 +VS 4 –IN –VS 2 +IN 3 02859-003 Low cost single (AD8091), dual (AD8092) amplifiers Fully specified at +3 V, +5 V, and ±5 V supplies Single-supply operation Output swings to within 25 mV of either rail High-speed and fast settling on 5 V 110 MHz, −3 dB bandwidth (G = +1) 145 V/µs slew rate 50 ns settling time to 0.1% Good video specifications (G = +2) Gain flatness of 0.1 dB to 20 MHz; RL = 150 Ω 0.03% differential gain error; RL = 1 kΩ 0.03° differential phase error; RL = 1 kΩ Low distortion −80 dBc total harmonic @ 1 MHz; RL = 100 Ω Outstanding load drive capability Drives 45 mA, 0.5 V from supply rails Drives 50 pF capacitive load (G = +1) Low power of 4.4 mA/Amplifier Figure 2. SOT23-5 (RT-5) OUT1 1 AD8092 8 +VS –IN1 2 7 OUT +IN1 3 6 –IN2 –VS 4 5 +IN2 NC = NO CONNECT 02859-002 FEATURES Figure 3. MSOP-8 and SOIC-8 (RM-8, R-8) Coaxial cable drivers Active filters Video switchers Professional cameras CCD imaging systems CDs/DVDs GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD8091 (single) and AD8092 (dual) are low cost, voltage feedback, high speed amplifiers designed to operate on +3 V, +5 V, or ±5 V supplies. They have true single-supply capability, with an input voltage range extending 200 mV below the negative rail and within 1 V of the positive rail. Despite their low cost, the AD8091/AD8092 provide excellent overall performance and versatility. The output voltage swing extends to within 25 mV of each rail, providing the maximum output dynamic range with excellent overdrive recovery. This makes the AD8091/AD8092 useful for video electronics, such as cameras, video switchers, or any high speed portable equipment. Low distortion and fast settling make them ideal for active filter applications. The AD8091/AD8092 offer a low power supply current and can operate on a single 3 V power supply. These features are ideally suited for portable and battery-powered applications where size and power are critical. The wide bandwidth and fast slew rate make these amplifiers useful in many general-purpose, high speed applications where dual power supplies of up to ±6 V and single supplies from +3 V to +12 V are needed. This low cost performance is offered in an 8-lead SOIC (AD8091/AD8092), along with a tiny SOT23-5 (AD8091) and a MSOP (AD8092). Rev. B Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 © 2005 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. A8091/AD8092 TABLE OF CONTENTS Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Input-to-Output Coupling ........................................................ 13 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 7 Driving Capacitive Loads .............................................................. 14 Maximum Power Dissipation ..................................................... 7 Overdrive Recovery ................................................................... 14 ESD Caution.................................................................................. 7 Active Filters ............................................................................... 14 Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 9 Sync Stripper ............................................................................... 15 Layout, Grounding, and Bypassing Considerations .................. 13 Single-Supply Composite Video Line Driver ......................... 15 Power Supply Bypassing ............................................................ 13 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 17 Grounding ................................................................................... 13 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 18 Input Capacitance....................................................................... 13 REVISION HISTORY 3/05—Rev. A to Rev. B Changes to Format .............................................................Universal Changes to Features.......................................................................... 1 Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 17 Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 18 5/02–Rev. 0 to Rev. A Edits to Product Description ...........................................................1 Edit to TPC 6 .....................................................................................7 Edits to TPCs 21–24........................................................................10 Edits to Figure 3 ...............................................................................11 2/02—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. B | Page 2 of 20 AD8091/AD8092 SPECIFICATIONS TA = 25°C, VS = 5 V, RL = 2 kΩ to 2.5 V, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE −3 dB Small Signal Bandwidth Bandwidth for 0.1 dB Flatness Slew Rate Full Power Response Settling Time to 0.1% NOISE/DISTORTION PERFORMANCE Total Harmonic Distortion (See Figure 11) Input Voltage Noise Input Current Noise Differential Gain Error (NTSC) Differential Phase Error (NTSC) Crosstalk DC PERFORMANCE Input Offset Voltage AD8091A/AD8092A Typ Conditions Min G = +1, VO = 0.2 V p-p G = −1, +2, VO = 0.2 V p-p G = +2, VO = 0.2 V p-p, RL = 150 Ω to 2.5 V, RF = 806 Ω G = −1, VO = 2 V step G = +1, VO = 2 V p-p G = −1, VO = 2 V step 70 110 50 20 MHz MHz MHz 100 145 35 50 V/µs MHz ns −67 16 850 0.09 0.03 0.19 0.03 −60 dB nV/√Hz fA/√Hz % % Degrees Degrees dB fC = 5 MHz, VO = 2 V p-p, G = +2 f = 10 kHz f = 10 kHz G = +2, RL = 150 Ω to 2.5 V RL = 1 kΩ to 2.5 V G = +2, RL = 150 Ω to 2.5 V RL = 1 kΩ to 2.5 V f = 5 MHz, G = +2 1.7 TMIN to TMAX Offset Drift Input Bias Current 10 1.4 TMIN to TMAX Input Offset Current Open-Loop Gain INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Input Resistance Input Capacitance Input Common-Mode Voltage Range Common-Mode Rejection Ratio OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Swing Output Current Short-Circuit Current Capacitive Load Drive POWER SUPPLY Operating Range Quiescent Current/Amplifier Power Supply Rejection Ratio OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE RL = 2 kΩ to 2.5 V TMIN to TMAX RL = 150 Ω to 2.5 V TMIN to TMAX VCM = 0 V to 3.5 V RL = 10 kΩ to 2.5 V RL = 2 kΩ to 2.5 V RL = 150 Ω to 2.5 V VOUT = 0.5 V to 4.5 V TMIN to TMAX Sourcing Sinking G = +1 86 76 72 0.100 to 4.900 0.300 to 4.625 0.1 98 96 82 78 70 −40 Rev. B | Page 3 of 20 10 25 2.5 3.25 0.75 Unit mV mV µV/°C µA µA µA dB dB dB dB 290 1.4 −0.2 to +4 88 kΩ pF V dB 0.015 to 4.985 0.025 to 4.975 0.200 to 4.800 45 45 80 130 50 V V V mA mA mA mA pF 3 ∆VS = ±1 V Max 4.4 80 12 5 +85 V mA dB °C A8091/AD8092 TA = 25°C, VS = +3 V, RL = 2 kΩ to +1.5 V, unless otherwise noted. Table 2. Parameter DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE −3 dB Small Signal Bandwidth Bandwidth for 0.1 dB Flatness Slew Rate Full Power Response Settling Time to 0.1% NOISE/DISTORTION PERFORMANCE Total Harmonic Distortion (see Figure 11) Input Voltage Noise Input Current Noise Differential Gain Error (NTSC) Differential Phase Error (NTSC) Crosstalk DC PERFORMANCE Input Offset Voltage AD8091A/AD8092A Typ Conditions Min G = +1, VO = 0.2 V p-p G = −1, +2, VO = 0.2 V p-p G = +2, VO = 0.2 V p-p, RL = 150 Ω to 2.5 V, RF = 402 Ω G = −1, VO = 2 V step G = +1, VO = 1 V p-p G = −1, VO = 2 V step 70 110 50 17 MHz MHz MHz 90 135 65 55 V/µs MHz ns −47 dB 16 600 nV/√Hz fA/√Hz 0.11 0.09 % % 0.24 0.10 −60 Degrees Degrees dB fC = 5 MHz, VO = 2 V p-p, G = −1, RL = 100 Ω to 1.5 V f = 10 kHz f = 10 kHz G = +2, VCM = 1 V RL = 150 Ω to 1.5 V RL = 1 kΩ to 1.5 V G = +2, VCM = 1 V RL = 150 Ω to 1.5 V RL = 1 kΩ to 1.5 V f = 5 MHz, G = +2 1.6 TMIN to TMAX Offset Drift Input Bias Current 10 1.3 TMIN to TMAX Input Offset Current Open-Loop Gain INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Input Resistance Input Capacitance Input Common-Mode Voltage Range Common-Mode Rejection Ratio OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Swing Output Current Short Circuit Current Capacitive Load Drive RL = 2 kΩ TMIN to TMAX RL = 150 Ω TMIN to TMAX 80 74 VCM = 0 V to 1.5 V RL = 10 kΩ to 1.5 V RL = 2 kΩ to 1.5 V RL = 150 Ω to 1.5 V VOUT = 0.5 V to 2.5 V TMIN to TMAX Sourcing Sinking G = +1 Rev. B | Page 4 of 20 72 0.075 to 2.9 0.20 to 2.75 0.15 96 94 82 76 Max 10 25 2.6 3.25 0.8 Unit mV mV µV/°C µA µA µA dB dB dB dB 290 1.4 −0.2 to +2.0 88 kΩ pF V dB 0.01 to 2.99 0.02 to 2.98 0.125 to 2.875 45 45 60 90 45 V V V mA mA mA mA pF AD8091/AD8092 Parameter POWER SUPPLY Operating Range Quiescent Current/Amplifier Power Supply Rejection Ratio OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE Conditions Min AD8091A/AD8092A Typ 3 ∆VS = +0.5 V Rev. B | Page 5 of 20 68 −40 4.2 80 Max Unit 12 4.8 V mA dB °C +85 A8091/AD8092 TA = 25°C, VS = ±5 V, RL = 2 kΩ to ground, unless otherwise noted. Table 3. Parameter DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE −3 dB Small Signal Bandwidth Bandwidth for 0.1 dB Flatness Slew Rate Full Power Response Settling Time to 0.1% NOISE/DISTORTION PERFORMANCE Total Harmonic Distortion Input Voltage Noise Input Current Noise Differential Gain Error (NTSC) Differential Phase Error (NTSC) Crosstalk DC PERFORMANCE Input Offset Voltage AD8091A/AD8092A Typ Conditions Min G = +1, VO = 0.2 V p-p G = −1, +2, VO = 0.2 V p-p G = +2, VO = 0.2 V p-p, RL = 150 Ω, RF = 1.1 kΩ G = −1, VO = 2 V step G = +1, VO = 2 V p-p G = −1, VO = 2 V step 70 110 50 20 MHz MHz MHz 105 170 40 50 V/µs MHz ns −71 16 900 0.02 0.02 0.11 0.02 −60 dB nV/√Hz fA/√Hz % % Degrees Degrees dB fC = 5 MHz, VO = 2 V p-p, G = +2 f = 10 kHz f = 10 kHz G = +2, RL = 150 Ω RL = 1 kΩ G = +2, RL = 150 Ω RL = 1 kΩ f = 5 MHz, G = +2 1.8 TMIN to TMAX Offset Drift Input Bias Current 10 1.4 TMIN to TMAX Input Offset Current Open-Loop Gain INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Input Resistance Input Capacitance Input Common-Mode Voltage Range Common-Mode Rejection Ratio OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Swing Output Current Short Circuit Current Capacitive Load Drive POWER SUPPLY Operating Range Quiescent Current/Amplifier Power Supply Rejection Ratio OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE RL = 2 kΩ TMIN to TMAX RL = 150 Ω TMIN to TMAX 88 78 VCM = −5 V to +3.5 V RL = 10 kΩ RL = 2 kΩ RL = 150 Ω VOUT = −4.5 V to +4.5 V TMIN to TMAX Sourcing Sinking G = +1 (AD8091/AD8092) 72 −4.85 to +4.85 −4.45 to +4.30 0.1 96 96 82 80 68 −40 Rev. B | Page 6 of 20 11 27 2.6 3.5 0.75 Unit mV mV µV/°C µA µA µA dB dB dB dB 290 1.4 −5.2 to +4.0 88 kΩ pF V dB −4.98 to +4.98 −4.97 to +4.97 −4.60 to +4.60 45 45 100 160 50 V V V mA mA mA mA pF 3 ∆VS = ±1 V Max 4.8 80 12 5.5 +85 V mA dB °C AD8091/AD8092 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 4. Parameter Supply Voltage Power Dissipation Common-Mode Input Voltage Differential Input Voltage Output Short-Circuit Duration Storage Temperature Range Operating Temperature Range Lead Temperature Range (Soldering 10 sec) Rating 12.6 V See Figure 4 ±VS ±2.5 V See Figure 4 −65°C to +125°C −40°C to +85°C 300°C Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. The still-air thermal properties of the package (θJA), ambient temperature (TA), and the total power dissipated in the package (PD) can be used to determine the junction temperature of the die. The junction temperature can be calculated as TJ = TA + (PD × θ JA ) The power dissipated in the package (PD) is the sum of the quiescent power dissipation and the power dissipated in the package due to the load drive for all outputs. The quiescent power is the voltage between the supply pins (VS) times the quiescent current (IS). Assuming the load (RL) is referenced to midsupply, then the total drive power is VS/2 × IOUT, some of which is dissipated in the package and some in the load (VOUT × IOUT). The difference between the total drive power and the load power is the drive power dissipated in the package. PD = quiescent power + (total drive power − load power ) MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION The maximum safe power dissipation in the AD8091/AD8092 package is limited by the associated rise in junction temperature (TJ) on the die. The plastic encapsulating the die locally reaches the junction temperature. At approximately 150°C, which is the glass transition temperature, the plastic changes its properties. Even temporarily exceeding this temperature limit may change the stresses that the package exerts on the die, permanently shifting the parametric performance of the AD8091/AD8092. Exceeding a junction temperature of 175°C for an extended period of time can result in changes in the silicon devices, potentially causing failure. ⎛V V ⎞ ⎛V 2 ⎞ PD = (VS × I S ) + ⎜ S × OUT ⎟ − ⎜⎜ OUT ⎟⎟ RL ⎠ ⎝ RL ⎠ ⎝ 2 RMS output voltages should be considered. If RL is referenced to VS−, as in single-supply operation, then the total drive power is VS × IOUT. If the rms signal levels are indeterminate, then consider the worst case, when VOUT = VS/4 for RL to midsupply ⎛ VS ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ 4 PD = (VS × I S ) + ⎝ ⎠ RL 2 In single-supply operation with RL referenced to VS−, worst case is VOUT = VS/2. ESD CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. Rev. B | Page 7 of 20 A8091/AD8092 TJ = 150°C 1.5 SOIC-8 MSOP-8 1.0 SOT23-5 0.5 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 4. Maximum Power Dissipation vs. Temperature for a Four-Layer Board Rev. B | Page 8 of 20 02859-004 Figure 4 shows the maximum safe power dissipation in the package vs. the ambient temperature for the SOIC-8 (125°C/W), SOT23-5 (180°C/W), and MSOP-8 (150°C/W) on a JEDEC standard four-layer board. 2.0 MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION (W) Airflow increases heat dissipation, effectively reducing θJA. Also, more metal directly in contact with the package leads from metal traces, through holes, ground, and power planes reduces the θJA. Care must be taken to minimize parasitic capacitances at the input leads of high speed op amps as discussed in the board layout section. 70 80 90 AD8091/AD8092 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 3 6.3 1 6.1 G = +5 RF = 2kΩ –1 G = +1 RF = 0Ω G = +10 RF = 2kΩ –2 GAIN FLATNESS (dB) 0 –3 –4 VS = 5V GAIN AS SHOWN RF AS SHOWN RL = 2kΩ VO = 0.2V p-p –6 –7 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (MHz) 100 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.6 VS = 5V 5.5 G = +2 RL = 150kΩ 5.4 RF = 806Ω VO = 0.2V p-p 5.3 0.1 500 Figure 5. Normalized Gain vs. Frequency; VS = +5 V 10 FREQUENCY (MHz) 100 Figure 8. 0.1 dB Gain Flatness vs. Frequency; G = +2 3 9 2 8 VS = +3V VS = +5V 1 7 0 6 –1 5 GAIN (dB) GAIN (dB) 1 VS = ±5V –2 –3 VS = ±5V VO = 4V p-p 4 VS = +5V VO = 2V p-p 3 –4 2 VS AS SHOWN 1 G = +2 RL = 2kΩ 0 RF = 2kΩ VO AS SHOWN –1 0.1 1 02859-006 –5 VS AS SHOWN G = +1 –6 RL = 2kΩ VO = 0.2V p-p –7 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (MHz) 100 500 Figure 6. Gain vs. Frequency vs. Supply 02859-009 –5 02859-005 NORMALIZED GAIN (dB) 6.2 G = +2 RF = 2kΩ 02859-008 2 10 FREQUENCY (MHz) 100 500 Figure 9. Large Signal Frequency Response; G = +2 3 70 2 60 VS = 5V RL = 2kΩ –40°C 1 –2 –3 –4 VS = 5V –5 G = +1 RL = 2kΩ –6 VO = 0.2V p-p TEMPERATURE AS SHOWN –7 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (MHz) 40 GAIN 30 0 20 10 –45 PHASE –90 0 100 500 Figure 7. Gain vs. Frequency vs. Temperature –135 50° PHASE MARGIN –10 –20 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (MHz) –180 100 Figure 10. Open-Loop Gain and Phase vs. Frequency Rev. B | Page 9 of 20 PHASE (Degrees) +25°C 02859-007 GAIN (dB) +85°C –1 500 02859-010 OPEN-LOOP GAIN (dB) 50 0 A8091/AD8092 –30 VS = 5V, G = +2 RF = 2kΩ, RL = 100Ω –40 VS = 5V, G = +1 RL = 100Ω –50 –70 VS = 5V, G = +1 RL = 2kΩ –80 VS = 5V, G = +2 RF = 2kΩ, RL = 2kΩ –90 –100 –110 1 2 3 4 5 6 FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY (MHz) 7 DIFFERENTIAL PHASE ERROR (Degrees) –60 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 –0.02 –0.04 –0.06 0 NTSC SUBSCRIBER (3.58MHz) RL = 150Ω VS = 5, G = +2 RF = 2kΩ, RL AS SHOWN RL = 1kΩ 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 90 100 0.10 RL = 1kΩ 0.05 0 –0.05 RL = 150Ω –0.10 –0.15 VS = 5, G = +2 RF = 2kΩ, RL AS SHOWN –0.20 –0.25 8 9 10 02859-014 VS = 3V, G = –1 RF = 2kΩ, RL = 100Ω 02859-011 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (dBc) VO = 2V p-p DIFFERENTIAL GAIN ERROR (%) –20 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 MODULATING RAMP LEVEL (IRE) Figure 11. Total Harmonic Distortion Figure 14. Differential Gain and Phase Errors –30 1000 VS = 5V –40 10MHz VOLTAGE NOISE (nA Hz) WORST HARMONIC (dBc) –50 –60 –70 –80 5MHz –90 1MHz –100 100 10 02859-012 VS = 5V RL = 2kΩ G = +2 –120 –130 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V p-p) 4.0 4.5 1 10 5.0 Figure 12. Worst Harmonic vs. Output Voltage 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M 10M 100 VS = 5V CURRENT NOISE (pA Hz) VS = 5V G = –1 RF = 2kΩ RL = 2kΩ 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 10 1 0.5 0 0.1 1 FREQUENCY (MHz) 10 50 Figure 13. Low Distortion Rail-to-Rail Output Swing 0.1 10 02859-016 1.0 02859-013 OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (THD ≤ 0.5%) (V p-p) 4.0 100 Figure 15. Input Voltage Noise vs. Frequency 5.0 4.5 02859-015 –110 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M Figure 16. Input Current Noise vs. Frequency Rev. B | Page 10 of 20 10M AD8091/AD8092 –10 20 VS = 5V 10 0 –10 –40 –PSRR PSRR (dB) –50 –60 –70 –20 +PSRR –30 –40 –50 –80 02859-017 –60 –90 –100 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (MHz) 100 02859-020 CROSSTALK (dB) VS = 5V RF = 2kΩ –20 RL = 2kΩ VO = 2V p-p –30 –70 –80 0.01 500 0.1 Figure 17. AD8092 Crosstalk (Output-to-Output) vs. Frequency VS = 5V G = –1 RL = 2kΩ –10 60 SETTLING TIME TO 0.1% (ns) –30 –40 –50 –60 –70 –90 –100 0.03 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (MHz) 100 40 30 20 10 02859-018 –80 50 02859-021 –20 CMRR (dB) 500 70 VS = 5V 0 0.5 500 Figure 18. CMRR vs. Frequency 1.0 1.5 INPUT STEPS (V p-p) 2.0 Figure 21. Setting Time vs. Input Step 100.000 1.0 VS = 5V G = +1 VS = 5V 10.000 3.100 1.000 0.310 0.100 0.031 0.010 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (MHz) 100 500 Figure 19. Closed-Loop Output Resistance vs. Frequency 0.8 VOH = +85°C VOH = +25°C 0.7 VOH = –40°C 0.6 VOL = +85°C 0.5 0.4 0.3 VOL = +25°C 0.2 VOL = –40°C 02859-022 OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE (V) 0.9 02859-019 OUTPUT RESISTANCE (Ω) 100 Figure 20. PSRR vs. Frequency 0 31.000 1 10 FREQUENCY (MHz) 0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 LOAD CURRENT (mA) Figure 22. Output Saturation Voltage vs. Load Current Rev. B | Page 11 of 20 A8091/AD8092 100 VS = 5V G = +2 RL = 2kΩ VIN = 1V p-p OPEN-LOOP GAIN (dB) RL = 2kΩ 90 3.5V RL = 150Ω 2.5V 80 1.5V 02859-023 VS = 5V 60 0 0.5 02859-026 70 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 Figure 26. Large Signal Step Response; VS = +5 V, G = +2 Figure 23. Open-Loop Gain vs. Output Voltage VS = 5V G = –1 RF = 2kΩ RL = 2kΩ VIN = 0.1V p-p G = +1 RL = 2kΩ VS = 3V 5V 2.5V 20mV 20ns 02859-024 1V 2µs 02859-027 1.50V Figure 27. Output Swing; G = −1, RL = 2 kΩ Figure 24. 100 mV Step Response; G = +1 4V 3V VS = 5V G = +1 RL = 2kΩ VS = ±5V G = +1 RL = 2kΩ 2V 1V 2.60V –1V 2.50V –2V –4V 50mV 20ns 02859-025 1V Figure 25. 200 mV Step Response; VS = +5 V, G = +1 Rev. B | Page 12 of 20 20ns Figure 28. Large Signal Step Response; VS = ±5 V, G = +1 02859-028 –3V 2.40V AD8091/AD8092 LAYOUT, GROUNDING, AND BYPASSING CONSIDERATIONS POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING Power supply pins are actually inputs and care must be taken so that a noise-free stable dc voltage is applied. The purpose of bypass capacitors is to create low impedances from the supply to ground at all frequencies, thereby shunting or filtering a majority of the noise. Decoupling schemes are designed to minimize the bypassing impedance at all frequencies with a parallel combination of capacitors. Chip capacitors of 0.01 µF or 0.001 µF (X7R or NPO) are critical and should be as close as possible to the amplifier package. Larger chip capacitors, such as the 0.1 µF capacitor, can be shared among a few closely spaced active components in the same signal path. A 10 µF tantalum capacitor is less critical for high frequency bypassing and, in most cases, only one per board is needed at the supply inputs. GROUNDING A ground plane layer is important in densely packed PC boards to spread the current-minimizing parasitic inductances. However, an understanding of where the current flows in a circuit is critical to implementing effective high speed circuit design. The length of the current path is directly proportional to the magnitude of parasitic inductances and thus the high frequency impedance of the path. High speed currents in an inductive ground return create an unwanted voltage noise. The length of the high frequency bypass capacitor leads are most critical. A parasitic inductance in the bypass grounding works against the low impedance created by the bypass capacitor. Place the ground leads of the bypass capacitors at the same physical location. Because load currents flow from the supplies as well, the ground for the load impedance should be at the same physical location as the bypass capacitor grounds. For the larger value capacitors, which are intended to be effective at lower frequencies, the current return path distance is less critical. INPUT CAPACITANCE Along with bypassing and ground, high speed amplifiers can be sensitive to parasitic capacitance between the inputs and ground. A few pF of capacitance reduces the input impedance at high frequencies, in turn increasing the amplifier’s gain, causing peaking of the frequency response or even oscillations, if severe enough. It is recommended that the external passive components, which are connected to the input pins, be placed as close as possible to the inputs to avoid parasitic capacitance. The ground and power planes must be kept at a distance of at least 0.05 mm from the input pins on all layers of the board. INPUT-TO-OUTPUT COUPLING The input and output signal traces should not be parallel to minimize capacitive coupling between the inputs and output and to avoid any positive feedback. Rev. B | Page 13 of 20 A8091/AD8092 DRIVING CAPACITIVE LOADS 10000 A highly capacitive load reacts with the output of the amplifiers, causing a loss in phase margin and subsequent peaking or even oscillation, as shown in Figure 29 and Figure 30. There are two methods to effectively minimize its effect. Put a small value resistor in series with the output to isolate the load capacitor from the amplifier’s output stage. Increase the phase margin with higher noise gains or by adding a pole with a parallel resistor and capacitor from −IN to the output. RS = 3Ω 1000 RS = 0Ω 100 RG 10 RS VIN 100mV STEP VOUT CL 50Ω 8 6 1 1 4 2 3 4 5 6 ACL (V/V) 2 GAIN (dB) RF 02859-031 • CAPACITIVE LOAD (pF) • VS = 5V ≤30% OVERSHOOT Figure 31. Capacitive Load Drive vs. Closed-Loop Gain 0 OVERDRIVE RECOVERY –2 Overdrive of an amplifier occurs when the output and/or input range is exceeded. The amplifier must recover from this overdrive condition. The AD8091/AD8092 recover within 60 ns from negative overdrive and within 45 ns from positive overdrive, as shown in Figure 32. –4 –6 –10 –12 0.1 VS = 5V G = +1 RL = 2kΩ CL = 50pF VO = 200mV p-p 1 02859-029 –8 10 FREQUENCY (MHz) 100 500 Figure 29. Closed-Loop Frequency Response: CL = 50 pF VS = ±5V G = +5 RF = 2kΩ RL = 2kΩ INPUT 1V/DIV OUTPUT 2V/DIV VS = 5V G = +1 RL = 2kΩ CL = 50pF 2.60V 2.55V V/DIV AS SHOWN 100ns 2.40V 02859-032 2.50V 2.45V 50mV 100ns 02859-030 Figure 32. Overdrive Recovery ACTIVE FILTERS Figure 30. 200 mV Step Response: CL = 50 pF As the closed-loop gain is increased, the larger phase margin allows for large capacitor loads with less peaking. Adding a low value resistor in series with the load at lower gains has the same effect. Figure 31 shows the effect of a series resistor for various voltage gains. For large capacitive loads, the frequency response of the amplifier is dominated by the series resistor and capacitive load. Active filters at higher frequencies require wider bandwidth op amps to work effectively. Excessive phase shift produced by lower frequency op amps can significantly impact active filter performance. Figure 33 shows an example of a 2 MHz biquad bandwidth filter that uses three op amps. Such circuits are sometimes used in medical ultrasound systems to lower the noise bandwidth of the analog signal before A/D conversion. Note that the unused amplifiers’ inputs should be tied to ground. Rev. B | Page 14 of 20 AD8091/AD8092 C1 50pF VIN 2 R4 2kΩ R3 1 2kΩ C2 50pF 6 7 3 R5 2kΩ 6 3 AD8092 VOUT AD8091 GROUND +0.4V GROUND 2 5 AD8092 VBLANK 02859-033 R2 2kΩ R1 3kΩ VIDEO WITHOUT SYNC VIDEO WITH SYNC R6 1kΩ 3V OR 5V 0.1µF VIN 3 Figure 33. 2 MHz Biquad Band-Pass Filter AD8091 2 The frequency response of the circuit is shown in Figure 34. + 10µF 7 TO A/D 6 100Ω 4 R2 1kΩ 0 +0.8V (OR 2 × VBLANK) –10 02859-035 R1 1kΩ GAIN (dB) Figure 35. Sync Stripper –20 The video signal plus sync is applied to the noninverting input with the proper termination. The amplifier gain is set equal to 2 via the two 1 kΩ resistors in the feedback circuit. A bias voltage must be applied to R1 for the input signal to have the sync pulses stripped at the proper level. 02859-034 –30 –40 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) 10M 100M Figure 34. Frequency Response of 2 MHz Band-Pass Biquad Filter SYNC STRIPPER Synchronizing pulses are sometimes carried on video signals so as not to require a separate channel to carry the synchronizing information. However, for some functions, such as A/D conversion, it is not desirable to have the sync pulses on the video signal. These pulses reduce the dynamic range of the video signal and do not provide any useful information for such a function. A sync stripper removes the synchronizing pulses from a video signal while passing all the useful video information. Figure 35 shows a practical single-supply circuit that uses only a single AD8091. It is capable of directly driving a reverse terminated video line. The blanking level of the input video pulse is the desired place to remove the sync information. The amplifier multiplies this level by 2. This level must be at ground at the output in order for the sync stripping action to take place. Because the gain of the amplifier from the input of R1 to the output is −1, a voltage equal to 2 × VBLANK must be applied to make the blanking level come out at ground. SINGLE-SUPPLY COMPOSITE VIDEO LINE DRIVER Many composite video signals have their blanking level at ground and have video information that is both positive and negative. Such signals require dual-supply amplifiers to pass them. However, by ac level-shifting, a single-supply amplifier can be used to pass these signals. The following complications may arise from such techniques. Signals of bounded peak-to-peak amplitude that vary in duty cycle require larger dynamic swing capacity than their (bounded) peak-to-peak amplitude after they are ac-coupled. As a worst case, the dynamic signal swing approaches twice the peak-to-peak value. One of two conditions that define the maximum dynamic swing requirements is a signal that is mostly low but goes high with a duty cycle that is a small fraction of a percent. The opposite condition defines the second condition. The worst case of composite video is not quite this demanding. One bounding condition is a signal that is mostly black for an entire frame but has a white (full amplitude) minimum width spike at least once in a frame. Rev. B | Page 15 of 20 A8091/AD8092 5V The other extreme is a full white video signal. The blanking intervals and sync tips of such a signal have negative-going excursions in compliance with the composite video specifications. The combination of horizontal and vertical blanking intervals limit such a signal to being at the highest (white) level for a maximum of about 75% of the time. 4.99kΩ + 10µF 0.1µF COMPOSITE VIDEO IN 47µF + RT 75Ω 7 3 AD8091 10kΩ 2 The input to the circuit in Figure 36 is a standard composite (1 V p-p) video signal that has the blanking level at ground. The input network level shifts the video signal by means of ac coupling. The noninverting input of the op amp is biased to half of the supply voltage. 1000µF + RBT 75Ω RL 75Ω 4 RF 1kΩ As a result of the duty cycles between the two extremes, a 1 V pp composite video signal that is multiplied by a gain of 2 requires about 3.2 V p-p of dynamic voltage swing at the output for an op amp to pass a composite video signal of arbitrary varying duty cycle without distortion. Some circuits use a sync tip clamp to hold the sync tips at a relatively constant level to lower the amount of dynamic signal swing required. However, these circuits can have artifacts like sync tip compression unless they are driven by a source with a very low output impedance. The AD8091/AD8092 have adequate signal swing when running on a single 5 V supply to handle an ac-coupled composite video signal. 6 + 10µF VOUT 0.1µF RG 1kΩ 220µF 02859-036 4.99kΩ Figure 36. Single-Supply Composite Video Line Driver The feedback circuit provides unity gain for the dc biasing of the input and provides a gain of 2 for any signals that are in the video bandwidth. The output is ac-coupled and terminated to drive the line. The capacitor values were selected for providing minimum tilt or field time distortion of the video signal. These values would be required for video that is considered to be studio or broadcast quality. However, if a lower consumer grade of video, sometimes referred to as consumer video, is all that is desired, the values and the cost of the capacitors can be reduced by as much as a factor of 5 with minimum visible degradation in the picture. Rev. B | Page 16 of 20 AD8091/AD8092 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 3.00 BSC 5.00 (0.1968) 4.80 (0.1890) 8 4.00 (0.1574) 3.80 (0.1497) 1 5 1.27 (0.0500) BSC 0.25 (0.0098) 0.10 (0.0040) 8 6.20 (0.2440) 3.00 BSC 4 5.80 (0.2284) 0.50 (0.0196) × 45° 0.25 (0.0099) 1.75 (0.0688) 1.35 (0.0532) 0.51 (0.0201) COPLANARITY SEATING 0.31 (0.0122) 0.10 PLANE 1 5 4.90 BSC 4 PIN 1 0.65 BSC 1.10 MAX 0.15 0.00 8° 0.25 (0.0098) 0° 1.27 (0.0500) 0.40 (0.0157) 0.17 (0.0067) 0.38 0.22 COPLANARITY 0.10 COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-012-AA CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS (IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN 0.23 0.08 SEATING PLANE COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-187-AA Figure 37. 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N] Narrow Body (R-8) Dimensions shown in millimeters and (inches) Figure 38. 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package [MSOP] (RM-8) Dimensions shown in millimeters 2.90 BSC 5 4 2.80 BSC 1.60 BSC 1 2 3 PIN 1 0.95 BSC 1.90 BSC 1.30 1.15 0.90 1.45 MAX 0.15 MAX 8° 0° 0.50 0.30 0.22 0.08 SEATING PLANE 10° 5° 0° COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-178AA Figure 39. 5-Lead Small Outline Transistor Package [SOT-23] (RT-5) Dimensions shown in millimeters Rev. B | Page 17 of 20 0.60 0.45 0.30 0.80 0.60 0.40 A8091/AD8092 ORDERING GUIDE Model AD8091AR AD8091AR-REEL AD8091AR-REEL7 AD8091ARZ1 AD8091ARZ-REEL1 AD8091ARZ-REEL71 AD8091ART-R2 AD8091ART-REEL AD8091ART-REEL7 AD8091ARTZ-R21 AD8091ARTZ-R71 AD8091ARTZ-RL1 AD8092AR AD8092AR-REEL AD8092AR-REEL7 AD8092ARZ1 AD8092ARZ-REEL1 AD8092ARZ-REEL71 AD8092ARM AD8092ARM-REEL AD8092ARM-REEL7 AD8092ARMZ1 AD8092ARMZ-REEL1 AD8092ARMZ-REEL71 1 Temperature Range −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C Package Description 8-Lead SOIC 8-Lead SOIC, 13” Tape and Reel 8-Lead SOIC, 7” Tape and Reel 8-Lead SOIC 8-Lead SOIC, 13” Tape and Reel 8-Lead SOIC, 7” Tape and Reel 5-Lead SOT-23 5-Lead SOT-23, 13” Tape and Reel 5-Lead SOT-23, 7” Tape and Reel 5-Lead SOT-23 5-Lead SOT-23, 7” Tape and Reel 5-Lead SOT-23, 13” Tape and Reel 8-Lead SOIC 8-Lead SOIC, 13” Tape and Reel 8-Lead SOIC, 7” Tape and Reel 8-Lead SOIC 8-Lead SOIC, 13” Tape and Reel 8-Lead SOIC, 7” Tape and Reel 8-Lead MSOP 8-Lead MSOP, 13" Tape and Reel 8-Lead MSOP, 7" Tape and Reel 8-Lead MSOP 8-Lead MSOP, 13" Tape and Reel 8-Lead MSOP, 7" Tape and Reel Z = Pb-free part. # denotes lead-free, may be top or bottom marked. Rev. B | Page 18 of 20 Package Outline R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 RT-5 RT-5 RT-5 RT-5 RT-5 RT-5 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 RM-8 RM-8 RM-8 RM-8 RM-8 RM-8 Branding Information HVA HVA HVA HVA# HVA# HVA# HWA HWA HWA HWA# HWA# HWA# AD8091/AD8092 NOTES Rev. B | Page 19 of 20 A8091/AD8092 NOTES © 2005 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. C02859–0–3/05(B) Rev. B | Page 20 of 20