MIC3203/MIC3203-1 High-Brightness LED Driver Controller with High-Side Current Sense General Description Features The MIC3203 is a hysteretic, step-down, constant-current, High-Brightness LED (HB LED) driver. It provides an ideal solution for interior/exterior lighting, architectural and ambient lighting, LED bulbs, and other general illumination applications. The MIC3203 is well suited for lighting applications requiring a wide-input voltage range. The hysteretic control gives good supply rejection and fast response during load transients and PWM dimming. The high-side current sensing and on-chip current-sense amplifier delivers LED current with ±5% accuracy. An external high-side currentsense resistor is used to set the output current. The MIC3203 offers a dedicated PWM input (DIM) which enables a wide range of pulsed dimming. A high-frequency switching operation up to 1.5MHz allows the use of smaller external components minimizing space and cost. The MIC3203 offers frequency dither feature for EMI control. The MIC3203 operates over a junction temperature from −40°C to +125°C and is available in an 8-pin SOIC package. A dither disabled version MIC3203-1 is also available in the same package as the MIC3203. • • • • • • • • • • • • Datasheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel’s web site at: www.micrel.com. 4.5V to 42V input voltage range High efficiency (>90%) ±5% LED current accuracy MIC3203: Dither enabled for low EMI MIC3203-1: Dither disabled High-side current sense Dedicated dimming control input Hysteretic control (no compensation!) Up to 1.5MHz switching frequency Adjustable constant LED current Over-temperature protection −40°C to +125°C junction temperature range Applications • • • • • • Architectural, industrial, and ambient lighting LED bulbs Indicators and emergency lighting Street lighting Channel letters 12V lighting systems (MR-16 bulbs, under-cabinet lighting, garden/pathway lighting) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Typical Application MIC3203 Step-down LED Driver Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com March 2010 M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 Ordering Information (1) Part Number Marking Junction Temperature Range Package PWM MIC3203YM MIC3203YM −40°C to +125°C 8-Pin SOIC Dither MIC3203-1YM −40°C to +125°C 8-Pin SOIC Non-Dither MIC3203-1YM Note: ® 1. YM is a GREEN RoHS compliant package. Lead finish is NiPdAu. Mold compound is Halogen Free. Pin Configuration 8-Pin SOIC MIC3203/MIC3203-1 Pin Description Pin Number Pin Name Pin Function Voltage Regulator Output. The VCC pin supplies the power to the internal circuitry. The VCC in the output of a linear regulator which is powered from VIN. A 1µF ceramic capacitor is recommended for bypassing and should be placed as close as possible to the VCC and AGND pins. Do not connect to an external load. 1 VCC 2 CS Current-Sense Input. The CS pin provides the high-side current sense to set the LED current with an external sense resistor. 3 VIN Input Power Supply. VIN is the input supply pin to the internal circuitry and the positive input to the current sense comparator. Due to the high frequency switching noise, a 10µF ceramic capacitor is recommended to be placed as close as possible to VIN and the power ground (PGND) pin for bypassing. Please refer to layout recommendations. 4 AGND Ground pin for analog circuitry. Internal signal ground for all low power sections. 5 EN Enable Input. The EN pin provides a logic level control of the output and the voltage has to be 2.0V or higher to enable the current regulator. The output stage is gated by the DIM pin. When the EN pin is pulled low, the regulator goes to off state and the supply current of the device is greatly reduced (below 1µA). In the off state, during this period the output drive is placed in a "tri-stated" condition, where MOSFET is in an “off” or non-conducting state. Do not drive the EN pin above the supply voltage. 6 DIM PWM Dimming Input. The DIM pin provides the control for brightness of the LED. A PWM input can be used to control the brightness of LED. DIM high enables the output and its voltage has to be at least 2.0V or higher. DIM low disables the output, regardless of EN “high” state. 7 PGND Power Ground Pin for Power FET. Power Ground (PGND) is for the high-current switching with hysteretic mode. The current loop for the power ground should be as small as possible and separate from the Analog ground (AGND) loop. Refer to the layout considerations for more details. DRV Gate-Drive Output. Connect to the gate of an external N-channel MOSFET. The drain of the external MOSFET connects directly to the inductor and provides the switching current necessary to operate in hysteretic mode. Due to the high frequency switching and high voltage associated with this pin, the switch node should be routed away from sensitive nodes. 8 March 2010 2 M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) Operating Ratings (2) VIN to PGND .................................................. −0.3V to +45V VCC to PGND ................................................ −0.3V to +6.0V CS to PGND ........................................ −0.3V to (VIN + 0.3V) EN to AGND ........................................ −0.3V to (VIN + 0.3V) DIM to AGND ...................................... −0.3V to (VIN + 0.3V) DRV to PGND .................................... −0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) PGND to AGND .......................................... −0.3V to + 0.3V Junction Temperature ................................................ 150°C Storage Temperature Range .................... −60°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10sec) ....................... 260°C ESD Ratings (3) HBM ...................................................................... 1.5kV MM .........................................................................200V Supply Voltage (VIN).......................................... 4.5V to 42V Enable Voltage (VEN) .............................................. 0V to VIN Dimming Voltage (VDIM)................................................................. 0V to VIN Junction Temperature (TJ) ........................ −40°C to +125°C Junction Thermal Resistance SOIC (θJA) .......................................................98.9°C/W SOIC (θJC).......................................................48.8°C/W Electrical Characteristics (4) VIN = VEN = VDIM = 12V; CVCC = 1.0µF; TJ = 25°C, bold values indicate −40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C; unless noted. Symbol Parameter Condition Min. Typ. Max. Units Input Supply VIN Input Voltage Range (VIN) IS Supply Current 4.5 DRV = open ISD Shutdown Current VEN = 0V UVLO VIN UVLO Threshold VIN rinsing UVLOHYS VIN UVLO Hysteresis 3.2 42 V 1 3 mA 1 µA 4 4.5 V 500 mV VCC Supply VCC VCC Output Voltage VIN = 12V, ICC = 10mA 4.5 5 5.5 V 201.4 212 222.6 mV 199 212 225 mV Current Limit VCS(MAX) Current Sense Upper Threshold VCS(MAX ) = VIN − VCS VCS(MIN) Sense Voltage Threshold Low VCS(MIN ) = VIN − VCS VCSHYS VCS Hysteresis Current Sense Response Time CS Input Current 168 177 186 mV 165 177 189 mV 35 mV VCS Rising 50 ns VCS Falling 70 ns VIN − VCS = 220mV 0.5 10 µA 1.5 MHz Frequency FMAX Switching Frequency Dithering (MIC3203) VDITH FDITHER VCS Hysteresis Dithering Range(5) Frequency Dithering Range March 2010 (5) % of Switching Frequency 3 ±6 mV ±12 % M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 Electrical Characteristics (4) (Continued) VIN = VEN = VDIM = 12V; CVCC = 1.0µF; TJ = 25°C, bold values indicate −40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C; unless noted. Symbol Parameter Condition Min. Typ. Max. Units 0.4 V VEN = 12V 60 µA VEN = 0V 1 µA Enable Input ENHI EN Logic Level High ENLO EN Logic Level Low EN Bias Current Start-Up Time 2.0 From EN Pin going high to DRV going high V 30 µs Dimming Input DIMHI DIM Logic Level High DIMLO DIM Logic Level Low DIM Bias Current DIM Delay Time FDIM 2.0 V 0.4 20 VDIM = 0V 50 1 From DIM Pin going high to DRV going high 450 Maximum Dimming Frequency V µA ns 20 kHz External FET Driver DRV On-Resistance DRV Transition Time Pull Up, ISOURCE = 10mA 2 Pull Down, ISINK = -10mA 1.5 Rise Time, CLOAD = 1000pF 13 Fall Time, CLOAD = 1000pF 7 Ω ns Thermal Protection TLIM Over-Temperature Shutdown TLIMHYS Over-Temperature Shutdown Hysteresis TJ Rising 160 20 °C Notes: 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. Human body model, 1.5k in series with 100pF. 4. Specification for packaged product only. 5. Guaranteed by design. March 2010 4 M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 Typical Characteristics Efficiency vs. Input Voltage 100 NORMALIZED LED CURRENTS (A) 90 EFFICIENCY (%) 80 4LED 6LED 8LED 10LED 70 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 6LED 8LED 10LED L=68µH ILED=1A L=150µH ILED=1A 5 4LED 70 5 10 350 1.03 L=68µH ILED=1A FREQUENCY (kHz) 1.01 1 1LED 0.99 6LED 8LED 15 20 25 30 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 35 40 2LED 10LED 4LED 0.99 0.98 5 10 45 15 700 L=150µH ILED=1A 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4LED 200 150 2LED 100 1LED 10LED 50 0 5 10 40 45 L = 68µH ILED = 1A 4LED 500 400 2LED 300 1LED 200 6LED 15 20 25 Duty Cycle vs. Input Voltage 8LED 10LED 0 30 35 40 45 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) INPUT VOLTAGE (V) INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Duty Cycle vs Input Voltage 100 35 100 6LED 0 45 30 600 8LED 0 25 Frequency vs Input Voltage 250 0.97 20 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 300 1.02 0.98 1LED 8LED 6LED 1 Frequency vs. Input Voltage Normalized LED Currents vs Input Voltage 4LED 10LED 1.01 0 0 45 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 2LED L=150µH ILED=1A 1.02 0.97 60 60 0 80 FREQUENCY (kHz) EFFICIENCY (%) 1.03 100 90 NORMALIZED LED CURRENTS (A) Normalized LED Currents vs. Input Voltage Efficiency vs Input Voltage Supply Current vs. Input Voltage 100 75 DUTY CYCLE (%) DUTY CYCLE (%) 75 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 1.4 1LED 50 2LED 4LED 50 1LED 2LED 4LED 25 25 6LED 6LED L=150µH ILED=1A 8LED 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) March 2010 35 40 45 0 5 10 15 TA = 25°C ILED = 0A 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 10LED 0 0 1.0 0.0 L=68µH ILED=1A 8LED 10LED 1.2 20 25 30 35 40 45 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 5 M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 Typical Characteristics (Continued) VCC vs. Input Voltage Enable Threshold vs. Input Voltage 5.0 TA = 25°C ILED = 0A ICC = 0A 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1.6 1.4 1.2 TA = 25°C ILED = 0A ICC = 0A 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 5 10 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 50 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 45 140 180 ENABLE CURRENT (µA) 200 30 25 20 TA = 25°C ILED = 0A 5 100 80 60 TA = 25°C 40 0 0 15 20 25 30 35 40 Supply Current vs. Temperature 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 5.0 40 45 40 45 100 120 80 60 45 TA = 25°C VCC = 4.2V ILED = 0A 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) VCC vs. Temperature 1.0 35 100 ENABLE VOTLAGE (V) 6.0 30 0 5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.2 25 120 20 0 45 20 140 40 -5 10 15 160 120 20 5 10 ICC Limit vs. Input Voltage Enable Current vs. Enable Voltage 160 0 5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 35 10 VCS_MAX L = 100µH ILED = 1A 100 40 15 VCS_MIN 150 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Shutdown Current vs. Input Voltage SHUTDOWN CURRENT (µA) 200 0 45 ICC LIMIT (mA) VCC (V) 4.0 CURRENT-SENSE VOLTAGE (mV) 1.8 ENABLE THRESHOLD (V) 6.0 Current-Sense Voltage vs. Input Voltage 250 Enable Threshold vs. Temperature 2.0 VIN = 12V ICC = 0A 4.0 VIN = 12V ILED = 0A 0.6 ENABLE THRESHOLD (V) 0.8 VCC (V) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 1.8 3.0 0.4 2.0 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 ON 1.4 1.2 OFF 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE (°C) March 2010 100 120 0.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE (°C) 6 100 120 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE (°C) M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 Typical Characteristics (Continued) Shutdown Current vs. Temperature Enable Current vs. Temperature ENABLE CURRENT (uA) 2.5 2.0 VIN = 12V EN = 0V 1.5 1.0 0.5 40 35 VIN = 12V EN = VIN 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -20 TEMPERATURE (°C) Switching Frequency vs. Temperature 4.5 160 0 20 40 60 80 100 UVLO THRESHOLD (V) 120 100 80 60 VIN = 12V 1ILED ILED = 1A L = 100µH 40 20 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE (°C) March 2010 100 120 ∆_VCS ILED ILED = 1A 50 -40 0 20 40 60 80 UVLO Threshold vs. Temperature Thermal Shutdown vs. Input Voltage 180 ON 3.5 OFF 3.0 -20 TEMPERATURE (°C) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.0 -40 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0.5 0 VCS_MIN 150 120 4.0 140 VCS_MAX 200 0 -40 120 THERMAL SHUTDOWN (°C) SHUTDOWN CURRENT (uA) 45 3.0 0.0 SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) CURRENT-SENSE VOLTAGE (mV) 50 3.5 Current-Sense Voltage vs. Temperature 250 100 120 40 45 OFF 160 140 ON 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE (°C) 7 100 120 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 Functional Characteristics March 2010 8 M9999-032410-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 Functional Characteristics (Continued) March 2010 9 M9999-032410-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 Functional Diagram Figure 1. MIC3203/MIC3203-1 Block Diagram Functional Description The MIC3203 is a hysteretic step-down driver which regulates the LED current over wide input voltage range. The device operates from a 4.5V to 42V input MOSFET voltage range and provides up to 0.5A source and 1A sink drive capability. When the input voltage reaches 4.5V, the internal 5V VCC is regulated and the DRV pin is pulled high to turn on an external MOSFET if EN pin and DIM pin are high. The inductor current builds up linearly. When the CS pin voltage hits the VCS(MAX) with respect to VIN, the MOSFET turns off and the Schottky diode takes over and returns the current to VIN. Then the current through inductor and LEDs starts decreasing. When CS pin hits VCS(MIN), the MOSFET turns on and the cycle repeats. March 2010 The frequency of operation depends upon input voltage, total LEDs voltage drop, LED current and temperature. The calculation for frequency of operation is given in application section. The MIC3203 has an on board 5V regulator which is for internal use only. Connect a 1µF capacitor on VCC pin to analog ground. The MIC3203 has an EN pin which gives the flexibility to enable and disable the output with logic high and low signals. The MIC3203 also has a DIM pin which can turn on and off the LEDs if EN is in HIGH state. This DIM pin controls the brightness of the LED by varying the duty cycle of DIM pin from 1% to 99%. 10 M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 Application Information The internal block diagram of the MIC3203 is shown in Figure 1. The MIC3203 is composed of a current-sense comparator, voltage and current reference, 5V regulator and MOSFET driver. Hysteretic mode control – also called bang-bang control – is a topology that does not employ an error amplifier, using an error comparator instead. The inductor current is controlled within a hysteretic window. If the inductor current is too small, the power MOSFET is turned on; if the inductor current is large enough, the power MOSFET is turned off. It is a simple control scheme with no oscillator and no loop compensation. Since the control scheme does not need loop compensation, it makes a design easy, and avoids problems of instability. Transient response to load and line variation is very fast and only depends on propagation delay. This makes the control scheme very popular for certain applications. LED Current and RCS The main feature in MIC3203 is to control the LED current accurately within ±5% of set current. Choosing a high-side RCS resistor helps for setting constant LED current irrespective of wide input voltage range. The following equation gives the RCS value: RCS = RCS (Ω) Frequency of Operation To calculate the frequency spread across input supply: VL = L L is the inductance, ∆IL is fixed (the value of the hysteresis): VCS(MAX ) - VCS(MIN) ΔIL = RCS VL is the voltage across inductor L which varies by supply. For current rising (MOSFET is ON): ΔIL tr = L VL _ RISE where: VL_RISE = VIN − ILED × RCS − VLED For current falling (MOSFET is OFF): 1 VCS(MAX) + VCS(MIN) x( ) 2 ILED tf = L Table 1. RCS for LED Current ILED (A) I2R (W) Size (SMD) 1.33 0.15 0.03 0603 0.56 0.35 0.07 0805 0.4 0.5 0.1 0805 0.28 0.7 0.137 0805 ΔIL Δt ΔI L VL _ FALL where: VL_FALL = VD + ILED × RCS + VLED T = t r + t f , FSW = FSW = 1 T (VD +ILED×RCS + VLED) ×(VIN - ILED×RCS - VLED) L × ΔIL ×(VD + VIN) 0.2 1.0 0.2 1206 0.13 1.5 0.3 1206 where : 0.1 2.0 0.4 2010 • VD is Schottky diode forward drop VLED is total LEDs voltage drop 0.08 2.5 0.5 2010 • 0.068 3.0 0.6 2010 • VIN is input voltage • ILED is average LED current For VCS(MAX) and VCS(MIN), refer to the Electrical Characteristic table. March 2010 11 M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 Inductor According to the above equation, choose the inductor to make the operating frequency no higher than 1.5MHz. The following Tables give a reference inductor value and corresponding frequency for a given LED current. For space-sensitive applications, smaller inductor with higher switching frequency could be used but efficiency of the regular will be reduced. Given an inductor value, the size of the inductor can be determined by its RMS and peak current rating. VCS(MAX ) - VCS(MIN) ΔIL = 2× = 0.18 IL VCS(MAX ) + VCS(MIN) IL(RMS ) = IL2 + Table 2. Inductor for VIN = 12V, 1 LED L (µH) FSW (kHz) RCS (Ω) ILED (A) 1.33 0.15 220 474 0.56 0.35 100 439 0.4 0.5 68 461 0.28 0.7 47 467 0.2 1.0 33 475 0.13 1.5 22 463 0.1 2.0 15 522 0.08 2.5 12 522 0.068 3.0 10 533 Table 3. Inductor for VIN = 24V, 4 LEDs L (µH) FSW (kHz) RCS (Ω) ILED (A) 1.33 0.15 470 474 0.56 0.35 220 426 0.4 0.5 150 447 0.28 0.7 100 470 0.2 1.0 68 493 0.13 1.5 47 463 0.1 2.0 33 507 0.08 2.5 27 496 0.068 3.0 22 517 IL(PK ) = IL + 0.15 470 495 0.56 0.35 220 446 0.4 0.5 150 467 0.28 0.7 100 490 0.2 1.0 68 515 0.13 1.5 47 485 0.1 2.0 33 530 0.08 2.5 27 519 0.068 3.0 22 541 March 2010 1 ΔI = 1.09IL 2 L where: IL is inductor average current. Select an inductor with saturation current rating at least 30% higher than the peak current. MOSFET MOSFET selection depends upon the maximum input voltage, output LED current and switching frequency. The selected MOSFET should have 30% margin on maximum voltage rating for high reliability requirements. The MOSFET channel resistance RDSON is selected such that it helps to get the required efficiency at the required LED currents as well as meets the cost requirement. Logic level MOSFETs are preferred as the drive voltage is limited to 5V. The MOSFET power loss has to be calculated for proper operation. The power loss consists of conduction loss and switching loss. The conduction loss can be found by: 2 PLOSS( CON) = IRMS (FET ) × RDSON IRMS(FET ) = ILED × D D= Table 4. Inductor for VIN = 36V, 8 LEDs L (µH) FSW (kHz) RCS (Ω) ILED (A) 1.33 1 2 ΔI ≈ I 12 L L 12 VTOTAL _ LED VIN M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 The switching loss occurs during the MOSFET turn-on and turn-off transition and can be found by: V ×I ×F PLOSS( TRAN) = IN LED SW × (Qgs2 + Qgd ) IDRV IDRV = VDRV RGATE where: RGATE is total MOSFET resistance, Qgs2 and Qgd can be found in a MOSFET manufacturer datasheet. The total power loss is: PLOSS( TOT ) = PLOSS( CON) + PLOSS( TRAN) The MOSFET junction temperature is given by: The input capacitor current rating can be considered as ILED/2 under the worst condition D = 50%. LED Ripple Current The LED current is the same as inductor current. If LED ripple current needs to be reduced then place a 4.7µF/50V ceramic capacitor across LED. Frequency Dithering The MIC3203 is designed to reduce EMI by dithering the switching frequency ±12% in order to spread the frequency spectrum over a wider range. This lowers the EMI noise peaks generated by the switching regulator. Switching regulators generate noise by their nature and they are the main EMI source to interference with nearby circuits. If the switching frequency of a regulator is modulated via frequency dithering, the energy of the EMI is spread among many frequencies instead of concentrated at fundamental switching frequency and its harmonics. The MIC3203 modulates the VCS(MAX) with amplitude ±6mV by a pseudo random generator to generate the ±12% of the switching frequency dithering to reduce the EMI noise peaks. TJ = PLOSS( TOT ) × R θJA + TA The TJ must not exceed maximum junction temperature under any conditions. Freewheeling Diode The free wheeling diode should have the reverse voltage rating to accommodate the maximum input voltage. The forward voltage drop should be small to get the lowest conduction dissipation for high efficiency. The forward current rating has to be at least equal to LED current. A Schottky diode is recommended for highest efficiency. Input Capacitor The ceramic input capacitor is selected by voltage rating and ripple current rating. To determine the input current ripple rating, the RMS value of the input capacitor can be found by: ICIN(RMS) = ILED × D × (1 - D) The power loss in the input capacitor is: 2 PLOSS(CIN) = I March 2010 CIN(RMS) × CIN ESR 13 M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 PCB Layout Guidelines placed as close to the LED as possible. Warning!!! To minimize EMI and output noise, follow these layout recommendations. PCB Layout is critical to achieve reliable, stable and efficient performance. A ground plane is required to control EMI and minimize the inductance in power, signal and return paths. The following guidelines should be followed to insure proper operation of the MIC3203 regulator. MOSFET Place the MOSTET as close as possible to the MIC3203 to avoid the trace inductance. Provide sufficient copper area on MOSFET ground to dissipate the heat. IC Use thick traces to route the input and output power lines. Signal and power grounds should be kept separate and connected at only one location. Input Capacitor Place the input capacitors on the same side of the board and as close to the IC as possible. Keep both the VIN and PGND traces as short as possible. Place several vias to the ground plane close to the input capacitor ground terminal, but not between the input capacitors and IC pins. Use either X7R or X5R dielectric input capacitors. Do not use Y5V or Z5U type capacitors. Do not replace the ceramic input capacitor with any other type of capacitor. Any type of capacitor can be placed in parallel with the input capacitor. If a Tantalum input capacitor is placed in parallel with the input capacitor, it must be recommended for switching regulator applications and the operating voltage must be derated by 50%. In “Hot-Plug” applications, a Tantalum or Electrolytic bypass capacitor must be placed in parallel to ceramic capacitor to limit the over-voltage spike seen on the input supply with power is suddenly applied. In this case an additional Tantalum or Electrolytic bypass input capacitor of 22µF or higher is required at the input power connection if necessary. Diode Place the Schottky diode on the same side of the board as the IC and input capacitor. The connection from the Schottky diode’s Anode to the switching node must be as short as possible. The diode’s Cathode connection to the RCS must be keep as short as possible. RC Snubber If a RC snubber is needed, place the RC snubber on the same side of the board and as close to the Schottky diode as possible. RCS (Current-Sense Resistor) VIN pin and CS pin must be as close as possible to RCS. Make a Kelvin connection to the VIN and CS pin respectively for current sensing. Trace Routing Recommendation Keep the power traces as short and wide as possible. One current flowing loop is during the MOSFET ON time, the traces connecting the input capacitor CIN, RCS, LEDs, Inductor, the MOSFET and back to CIN. The other current flowing loop is during the MOSFET OFF time, the traces connecting RCS, LED, inductor, free wheeling diode and back to RCS. These two loop areas should kept as small as possible to minimize the noise interference, Keep all analog signal traces away from the switching node and its connecting traces. Inductor Keep the inductor connection to the switch node (MOSFET drain) short. Do not route any digital lines underneath or close to the inductor. To minimize noise, place a ground plane underneath the inductor. Output Capacitor If LED ripple current needs to be reduced then place a 4.7µF/50V capacitor across LED. The capacitor must be March 2010 14 M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 Ripple Measurements To properly measure ripple on either input or output of a switching regulator, a proper ring in tip measurement is required. Standard oscilloscope probes come with a grounding clip, or a long wire with an alligator clip. Unfortunately, for high-frequency measurements, this ground clip can pick-up high-frequency noise and erroneously inject it into the measured output ripple. The standard evaluation board accommodates a home made version by providing probe points for both the input and output supplies and their respective grounds. This requires the removing of the oscilloscope probe sheath and ground clip from a standard oscilloscope probe and wrapping a non-shielded bus wire around the oscilloscope probe. If there does not happen to be any non-shielded bus wire immediately available, the leads from axial resistors will work. By maintaining the shortest possible ground lengths on the oscilloscope probe, true ripple measurements can be obtained. March 2010 Figure 2. Low Noise Measurement 15 M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 Evaluation Board Schematic March 2010 16 M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 Bill of Materials Item C1, C5 Part Number 12105C475KAZ2A GRM32ER71H475KA88L 12105C475KAZ2A C2 C3 C4 GRM32ER71H475KA88L Murata(2) (2) Murata Murata(2) C2012X7R1E105K TDK(3) (Open) 08055A271JAT2A AVX(1) SK36 SLF10145T-680M1R2 4.7µF/50V, Ceramic Capacitor, X7R, Size 1210 2 4.7µF/50V, Ceramic Capacitor, X5R, Size 1210 1 1µF/25V, Ceramic Capacitor, X5R, Size 0805 1 1µF/25V, Ceramic Capacitor, X7R, Size 0805 1 270pF/50V, Ceramic Capacitor NPO, Size 0805 1 60V, 3A, SMC, Schottky Diode 1 68µH, 1.2A, 0.14Ω, SMT, Power Inductor 1 MOSFET, N-CH, 60V, 12A, SO-8 1 0.2Ω Resistor, 1/2W, 1%, Size 1206 1 100kΩ Resistor, 1% , Size 0805 2 (3) AVX(1) (Open) GRM2165C2A271JA01D Qty. AVX(1) 08053D105KAT2A SK36-7-F L1 AVX TDK GRM21BR71E105KA99L Description (1) C3225X7S1H475M SK36-TP D1 Manufacturer Murata(2) MCC(4) Fairchild(5) (6) Diodes, Inc. TDK(3) M1 FDS5672 R1 CSR 1/2 0.2 1% I R2, R3 CRCW08051003FKEA Vishay(9) R4 CRCW08050000FKEA (9) Vishay 0Ω Resistor, 1%, Size 0805 1 R5 (Open) CRCW08052R20FKEA Vishay(9) 2.2Ω Resistor, 1%, Size 0805 1 10kΩ Resistor, 1% , Size 0805 1 High Brightness LED Driver Controller with High-Side Current Sense 1 R6 CRCW08051002FKEA U1 MIC3203YM Fairchild (7) Stackpole Electronics, Inc(8) (9) Vishay Micrel, Inc.(10) Notes: 1. AVX: www.avx.com. 2. Murata: www.murata.com. 3. TDK: www.tdk.com. 4. MCC: www.mccsemi.com. 5. Fairchild: www.fairchildsemi.com. 6. Diodes Inc. : www.diodes.com. 7. Fairchild : www.Fairchildsemi.com. 8. Stackpole Electronics: www.seielect.com. 9. Vishay: www.vishay.com. 10. Diodes Inc. : www.diodes.com. 11. Micrel, Inc.: www.micrel.com. March 2010 17 M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 PCB Layout Recommendation Top Assembly Top Layer March 2010 18 M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 PCB Layout Recommendation (Continued) Bottom Layer March 2010 19 M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 Package Information 8-Pin SOIC March 2010 20 M9999-032910-A Micrel, Inc. MIC3203 Recommended Landing Pattern 8-Pin SOIC MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2010 Micrel, Incorporated. March 2010 21 M9999-032910-A