TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS052C – APRIL 1988 – REVISED JULY 1999 D D D D D D D D Complete PWM Power Control Circuitry Uncommitted Outputs for 200-mA Sink or Source Current Output Control Selects Single-Ended or Push-Pull Operation Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at Either Output Variable Dead Time Provides Control Over Total Range Internal Regulator Provides a Stable 5-V Reference Supply Trimmed to 1% Circuit Architecture Allows Easy Synchronization Undervoltage Lockout for Low VCC Conditions D OR N PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 1IN+ 1 16 2IN+ 1IN– 2 15 2IN– FEEDBACK 3 14 REF DTC 4 13 OUTPUT CTRL CT 5 12 RT 6 11 VCC C2 GND 7 10 E2 C1 8 9 E1 description The TL594 incorporates all the functions required in the construction of a pulse-width-modulation control circuit on a single chip. Designed primarily for power-supply control, these devices offer the systems engineer the flexibility to tailor the power-supply control circuitry to a specific application. The TL594 contains two error amplifiers, an on-chip adjustable oscillator, a dead-time control (DTC) comparator, a pulse-steering control flip-flop, a 5-V regulator with a precision of 1%, an undervoltage lockout control circuit, and output control circuitry. The error amplifiers exhibit a common-mode voltage range from –0.3 V to VCC –2 V. The DTC comparator has a fixed offset that provides approximately 5% dead time. The on-chip oscillator can be bypassed by terminating RT to the reference output and providing a sawtooth input to CT, or it can be used to drive the common circuitry in synchronous multiple-rail power supplies. The uncommitted output transistors provide either common-emitter or emitter-follower output capability. Each device provides for push-pull or single-ended output operation, with selection by means of the output-control function. The architecture of these devices prohibits the possibility of either output being pulsed twice during push-pull operation. The undervoltage lockout control circuit locks the outputs off until the internal circuitry is operational. The TL594C is characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C. The TL594I is characterized for operation from –40°C to 85°C. FUNCTION TABLE INPUT OUTPUT CTRL OUTPUT FUNCTION VI = –0 VI = Vref Single-ended or parallel output Normal push-pull operation Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. Copyright 1999, Texas Instruments Incorporated PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS052C – APRIL 1988 – REVISED JULY 1999 AVAILABLE OPTIONS PACKAGED DEVICES TA SMALL OUTLINE (D) PLASTIC DIP (N) 0°C to 70°C TL594CD TL594CN –40°C to 85°C TL594ID TL594IN CHIP FORM (Y) TL594Y The D package is available taped and reeled. Add “R” suffix to device type (e.g., TL594CDR). Chip forms are tested at 25°C. functional block diagram OUTPUT CTRL (see Function Table) 13 6 RT 5 CT Oscillator ≈ 0.1 V 4 DTC IN+ IN– 2 9 11 PWM Comparator 10 + 1 – IN– 16 15 12 Undervoltage Lockout Control + 2 – 3 7 0.7 mA 2 C2 E2 VCC Reference Regulator 14 FEEDBACK E1 Pulse-Steering Flip-Flop Error Amplifier 2 IN+ C1 C1 Error Amplifier 1 1 8 1D DTC Comparator POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 REF GND TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS052C – APRIL 1988 – REVISED JULY 1999 absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)† TL594X Supply voltage, VCC (see Note 1) UNIT 41 V V Collector output voltage VCC+0.3 41 Collector output current 250 Amplifier input voltage Package thermal impedance, impedance θJA (see Notes 2 and 3) D package 73 N package 88 Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds 260 V mA °C °C °C † Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTES: 1. All voltage values, except differential voltages, are with respect to the network ground terminal. 2. Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TA)/θJA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can impact reliability. 3. The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51, except for through-hole packages, which use a trace length of zero. Storage temperature range, Tstg –65 to 150 recommended operating conditions Supply voltage, VCC Amplifier input voltage, VI MIN MAX 7 40 V –0.3 VCC–2 40 V Collector output voltage, VO Collector output current (each transistor) Current into feedback terminal Timing capacitor, CT Timing resistor, RT Oscillator frequency, fosc TL594C Operating O erating free-air tem temperature erature, TA TL594I POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 UNIT V 200 mA 0.3 mA 0.47 10000 nF 1.8 500 kΩ 1 300 kHz 0 70 °C –40 85 °C 3 TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS052C – APRIL 1988 – REVISED JULY 1999 electrical characteristics over recommended operating conditions, VCC = 15 V, (unless otherwise noted) reference section TEST CONDITIONS† PARAMETER Output voltage (REF) 5.05 2 25 14 35 mV 2 10 mV/V Vref = 0 10 35 † For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. ‡ All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25°C. § Duration of the short circuit should not exceed one second. 50 mA Output regulation Output-voltage change with temperature Short-circuit output current§ TA = 25°C TA = 25°C IO = 1 to 10 mA, ∆TA = MIN to MAX TA = 25°C 4.95 UNIT 5 Input regulation IO = 1 mA, VCC = 7 V to 40 V, TL594C, TL594I MIN TYP‡ MAX V mV amplifier section (see Figure 1) PARAMETER TL594C, TL594I MIN TYP‡ MAX TEST CONDITIONS UNIT Input offset voltage, error amplifier FEEDBACK = 2.5 V 2 10 mV Input offset current FEEDBACK = 2.5 V 25 250 nA Input bias current FEEDBACK = 2.5 V 0.2 1 µA 0.3 to VCC–2 Common-mode input voltage range, error amplifier VCC = 7 V to 40 V Open-loop voltage amplification, error amplifier ∆VO = 3 V, RL = 2 kΩ, Unity-gain bandwidth VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, RL = 2 kΩ Common-mode rejection ratio, error amplifier VCC = 40 V, TA = 25°C VID = –15 mV to –5 V, VID = 15 mV to 5 V, Output sink current, FEEDBACK Output source current, FEEDBACK VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V 70 V 95 dB 800 kHz 65 80 dB FEEDBACK = 0.5 V 0.3 0.7 mA FEEDBACK = 3.5 V –2 mA ‡ All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25°C. oscillator section, CT = 0.01 µF, RT = 12 kΩ (see Figure 2) TEST CONDITIONS† PARAMETER TL594C, TL594I TYP‡ MAX MIN Frequency Standard deviation of frequency¶ All values of VCC, CT, RT, and TA constant Frequency change with voltage VCC = 7 V to 40 V, ∆TA = MIN to MAX Ǹ Frequency change with temperature# TA = 25°C † For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. ‡ All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25°C. ¶ Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula: s + ȍ+ N n 1 (x n * X)2 * N 1 # Temperature coefficient of timing capacitor and timing resistor not taken into account. 4 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 UNIT 10 kHz 100 Hz/kHz 1 Hz/kHz 50 Hz/kHz TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS052C – APRIL 1988 – REVISED JULY 1999 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, (unless otherwise noted) dead-time control section (see Figure 2) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Input bias current VI = 0 to 5.25 V DTC = 0 V Maximum duty cycle, each output TL594C, TL594I MIN TYP† MAX –2 –10 Maximum duty cycle 3 3.3 µA 0.45 Zero duty cycle Input threshold voltage UNIT 0 V † All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25°C. output section PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS TL594C, TL594I MIN TYP† MAX VC = 40 V, VE = 0 V, VCC = 40 V DTC and OUTPUT CTRL = 0 V, VC = 15 V, VE = 0 V, VCC = 1 to 3 V Collector off-state current Emitter off-state current Collector emitter saturation voltage Collector-emitter Common emitter Emitter follower 2 100 4 200 VCC = VC = 40 V, VE = 0, VE = 0 IC = 200 mA 1.1 –100 1.3 VC = 15 V, VI = Vref IE = –200 mA 1.5 2.5 Output control input current † All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25°C. 3.5 UNIT µA µA V mA pwm comparator section (see Figure 2) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Input threshold voltage, FEEDBACK Zero duty cycle Input sink current, FEEDBACK FEEDBACK = 0.5 V TL594C, TL594I TYP† MAX MIN 4 0.3 4.5 0.7 UNIT V mA † All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25°C. undervoltage lockout section (see Figure 2) TEST CONDITIONS‡ PARAMETER TA = 25°C ∆TA = MIN to MAX Threshold voltage TL594C, TL594I MIN MAX 3.5 6.9 6 Hysteresis§ 100 ‡ For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. § Hysteresis is the difference between the positive-going input threshold voltage and the negative-going input threshold voltage. PARAMETER Standby supply current TEST CONDITIONS RT at Vref, All other inputs and outputs open VCC = 15 V VCC = 40 V Average supply current DTC = 2 V, See Figure 2 † All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25°C. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 V mV TL594C, TL594I MIN TYP† MAX 9 15 11 18 12.4 UNIT UNIT mA mA 5 TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS052C – APRIL 1988 – REVISED JULY 1999 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, (unless otherwise noted) (continued) switching characteristics, TA = 25°C PARAMETER Output-voltage rise time TEST CONDITIONS TL594C, TL594I TYP† MAX UNIT 100 200 ns MIN Common emitter configuration (see Figure 3 Common-emitter Output-voltage fall time Output-voltage rise time Emitter-follower configuration (see Figure 4) Output-voltage fall time 30 100 ns 200 400 ns 45 100 ns † All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25°C. electrical characteristics over recommended operating conditions, VCC = 15 V, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) reference section PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Output voltage (REF) TL594Y MIN IO = 1 mA VCC = 7 V to 40 V Input regulation Output regulation IO = 1 to 10 mA Vref = 0 Short-circuit output current‡ TYP MAX UNIT 5 V 2 mV 14 mV 35 mA ‡ Duration of the short circuit should not exceed one second. oscillator section, CT = 0.01 µF, RT = 12 kΩ (see Figure 2) PARAMETER Ǹ TEST CONDITIONS TL594Y MIN Frequency Standard deviation of frequency§ All values of VCC, CT, RT, and TA constant Frequency change with voltage VCC = 7 V to 40 V § Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula: s + ȍ+ N (x n n 1 N TYP MAX UNIT 10 kHz 100 Hz/kHz 1 Hz/kHz * X)2 *1 amplifier section (see Figure 1) PARAMETER 6 TL594Y TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Input offset voltage, error amplifier FEEDBACK = 2.5 V 2 Input offset current FEEDBACK = 2.5 V 25 nA Input bias current FEEDBACK = 2.5 V 0.2 µA Open-loop voltage amplification, error amplifier ∆VO = 3 V, RL = 2 kΩ, 95 dB Unity-gain bandwidth VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, RL = 2 kΩ 800 kHz Common-mode rejection ratio, error amplifier VCC = 40 V, TA = 25°C 80 dB Output sink current, FEEDBACK VID = –15 mV to –5 V, 0.7 mA VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V FEEDBACK = 0.5 V POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 mV TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS052C – APRIL 1988 – REVISED JULY 1999 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) dead-time control section (see Figure 2) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Input bias current TL594Y MIN VI = 0 to 5.25 V Zero duty cycle Input threshold voltage TYP MAX UNIT –2 µA 3 V output section PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN VC = 40 V, VE = 0 V, VCC = 40 V DTC and OUTPUT CTRL = 0 V, VC = 15 V, VE = 0 V, VCC = 1 to 3 V VCC = VC = 40 V, VE = 0 Collector off-state current Emitter off-state current Collector-emitter saturation voltage Common emitter Emitter follower VE = 0, VC = 15 V, TL594Y TYP† MAX UNIT 2 µA 4 µA IC = 200 mA IE = –200 mA 1.1 V 1.5 pwm comparator section (see Figure 2) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Input threshold voltage, FEEDBACK Zero duty cycle Input sink current, FEEDBACK FEEDBACK = 0.5 V TL594Y MIN TYP MAX 4 UNIT V 0.7 mA total device (see Figure 2) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Standby supply current All other inputs and outputs open, Average supply current DTC = 2 V, TL594Y MIN RT at Vref See Figure 2 TYP MAX UNIT 9 mA 12.4 mA switching characteristics, TA = 25°C PARAMETER Output-voltage rise time Output-voltage fall time Output-voltage rise time Output-voltage fall time TEST CONDITIONS Common emitter configuration (see Figure 3) Common-emitter Emitter-follower configuration (see Figure 4) POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL594Y MIN TYP MAX UNIT 100 ns 30 ns 200 ns 45 ns 7 TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS052C – APRIL 1988 – REVISED JULY 1999 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION Amplifier Under Test + VI FEEDBACK – + Vref – Other Amplifier Figure 1. Amplifier-Characteristics Test Circuit 8 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS052C – APRIL 1988 – REVISED JULY 1999 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION VCC = 15 V 12 VCC 4 Test Inputs 3 12 kΩ DTC C1 FEEDBACK E1 8 5 CT 0.01 µF 1 11 C2 RT 150 Ω 2W Output 1 9 TL594 6 150 Ω 2W Output 2 10 E2 IN+ 2 16 15 13 IN– IN+ Error Amplifiers IN– OUTPUT CTRL 14 REF GND 7 50 kΩ TEST CIRCUIT VCC Voltage at C1 0V VCC Voltage at C2 0V Voltage at CT Threshold Voltage DTC Input 0V Threshold Voltage Feedback Input 0.7 V Duty Cycle MAX 0% 0% VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS Figure 2. Operational Test Circuit and Waveforms POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 9 TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS052C – APRIL 1988 – REVISED JULY 1999 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION 15 V 68 Ω 2W Each Output Circuit tf Output tr 90% 90% CL = 15 pF (includes probe and jig capacitance) 10% 10% TEST CIRCUIT OUTPUT-VOLTAGE WAVEFORM Figure 3. Common-Emitter Configuration 15 V Each Output Circuit Output 10% 10% 68 Ω 2W CL = 15 pF (includes probe and jig capacitance) TEST CIRCUIT tr OUTPUT-VOLTAGE WAVEFORM Figure 4. Emitter-Follower Configuration 10 90% 90% POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 tf TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS052C – APRIL 1988 – REVISED JULY 1999 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY AND FREQUENCY VARIATION † vs TIMING RESISTANCE 100 k VCC = 15 V TA = 25°C 40 k Oscillator Frequency – Hz –2% 0.001 µF –1% 10 k 4k 0.01 µF 0% 0.1 µF 1k 400 † ∆f = 1% 100 CT = 1 µF 40 10 1k 4k 10 k 40 k 100 k RT – Timing Resistance – Ω 400 k 1M † Frequency variation (∆f) is the change in oscillator frequency that occurs over the full temperature range. Figure 5 AMPLIFIER VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION vs FREQUENCY 100 VCC = 15 V ∆VO = 3 V TA = 25°C 90 Voltage Amplification – dB 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1k 10 k 100 k 1M f – Frequency – Hz Figure 6 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 11 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgement, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. 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