TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 D D D D D D D D D D D D D Precision Phase Lock Loop Motor – RPM Control With Embedded DSP Filter Algorithm for Loop Compensation EEPROM Registers for User Adjustment of PLL Loop Gain and DSP Filter Coefficients (Pole/Zero) Crystal Oscillator With EEPROM Adjustable Divide-By for Versatile PLL Timebase Standalone Operation With No Host Processor Needed RPM Lock Detection/Reporting (±5% Window) Synchronous Rectification, Enabled (TPIC43T01) Disabled (TPIC43T02) Stalled Motor Timer/Shutdown High-Side Current Limiting High-Side Over-Current Shutdown Differential Hall Effect Position Sensor Inputs/Decode Provide Commutation Control Differential Variable Reluctance Speed Sensor Inputs Gate Drive for Six External N-Channel Power FETs in Three Half-H Configuration Charge Pump to Develop High-Side Gate Drive Voltage D D D 5 V Regulator – Designed for 10 mA External Current 8 to 28 V Supply Voltage Small Outline Surface-Mount Package DA PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) IN2+ IN2– IN3+ IN3– FGOUT FGIN– FGIN+ CLT CT RT OSC2 OSC1 VDD FGSOUT GND LD FSEL S/S F/R 1 38 2 37 3 36 4 35 5 34 6 33 7 32 8 31 9 30 10 29 11 28 12 27 13 26 14 25 15 24 16 23 17 22 18 21 19 20 IN1– IN1+ TEST VPP PHA UGA LGA UGB PHB LGB LGC UGC PHC SENSE CP2 CP1 VCP PGND VCC description The TPIC43T01/02 is a monolithic motor control integrated circuit designed to provide RPM control to a 3-phase brushless dc motor. The device provides two analog sensor input ports which include a speed sensor interface and a Hall effect position interface. The speed feedback interface consists of an FG amplifier to receive an external sinusoidal signal from a variable reluctance pickup and convert it to a digital speed signal for the control circuit. When the motor speed is outside a ± 5% window of the reference signal, an out-of-lock condition is declared. The Hall ffect sensor input section receives low-level differential voltages from external naked Hall elements and converts them to digital position reference signals for the control circuit for commutation control. The core of the control circuit implements a digital signal processing algorithm consisting of a digital integrator and filter with user adjustable parameters to optimize the closed loop performance of the control system. The device contains an internal EEPROM to set integrator gain and digital filter coefficients. In addition, Texas Instruments provides a PC based Windows compatible software package to input the motor and system characteristics and convert them to control parameters for the TPIC43T01/02. The software generates a JEDEC compatible file to program the device through a third party device programmer. Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Copyright 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 description (continued) The TPIC43T01/02 provides pre-drive outputs to control six external N-channel FET switches connected in a 3-half H-bridge configuration to drive a 3-phase dc motor. A companion TI Power+ Arrays device is available, the TPIC1310 3-half H-bridge power array, to provide up to 2.5 A motor drive capability. The TPIC1310 is a monolithic gate protected DMOS power array available in the TI 15-pin PowerFLEX power package. The TPIC43T01/02 gate drive outputs are designed to also drive discrete N-channel power FETs. The TPIC43T01/02 provides onboard supervisory and shutdown logic to protect the device and motor from fault conditions. Oscillators, charge pump, and voltage regulators have been integrated into the TPIC43T01/02 to minimize the number of external discrete components required to support the motor system. Power+ Arrays and PowerFLEX are trademarks of Texas Instruments Incorporated. 2 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1k CT POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 RT = 12.5 k 5.8 MHz OSC Freq Adj REG FS OSC FG Ref OSC EEPROM Program and Test Logic FGS Bias + – 330 k FGSOUT GND F1 F0 VDD 1 µF 5V VReg ÷ Gain Select Register Watchdog Timer FS FILTCLK LD Lock Detect FG Divide Register 1 Speed Discrimination FGS OUT OSC_INT FG Frequency Select ÷2 VIN FGOUT Digital Integrator 8 10 VDD UVLO 8–Bit PWM Generator k2:3–Bit REG Digital Filter k1:6–Bit REG A0 A1 A2 Lock Counter Lock OSC CLT CLT = 0.1 µF F/R F/R F/R S/S ILIM Charge Pump CP2 PGND Gate Drive Control and Commutation Logic Current Limit PWM Sync Rect Coast S/S S/S VDDUV S/S CP1 181 kHz OCSD Shutdown Logic CPUV CP UVLO ÷ 32 OSC_INT VCC CP = 0.01 µF – + – + – + Pre-FET Drivers VCP Power Array IC Analog Hall-Effect Position Sensors IN3– IN2– IN3+ IN1– IN2+ IN1+ LGC PHC UGC LGB PHB UGB LGA PHA UGA SENSE Rsense 0.2 CS = 0.1–0.5 µF Vm Motor 3-Phase 0.1 µF CM = 22 µF 1.5 k typical application CT = 0.02 µF RT Cosc = 30 pF OSC2 Cosc = 30 pF OSC1 TEST VPP FSEL FGIN+ FGIN– Speed Pickup 0.01 µF FG 1 µF 150 pF TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 3 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 Terminal Functions TERMINAL NAME 4 DESCRIPTION NO. I/O CLT 8 I Capacitor lock timer. CLT is a timing capacitor for the lock detect timer oscillator. CP1 23 O Charge pump. CP1 is the switched capacitor output number 1. CP2 24 O Charge pump. CP2 is the switched capacitor output number 2. CT 9 I Timing capacitor. CT is the timing capacitor for the filter oscillator. F/R 19 I Forward/Reverse. F/R is the forward/reverse direction data input. FGIN – 6 I FGIN – is a inverting amplifier input. FGIN+ 7 O FGIN+ is a noninverting amplifier input. FGOUT 5 O FGOUT is a amplifier output. FGSOUT 14 O FGSOUT is a buffered FGS comparator output. FSEL 17 I Frequency select. FSEL is a frequency select input. GND 15 IN1 – 38 I Hall amplifier 1 inverting input IN1+ 37 I Hall amplifier 1 noninverting input IN2 – 2 I Hall amplifier 2 inverting input IN2+ 1 I Hall amplifier 2 noninverting input IN3 – 4 I Hall amplifier 3 inverting input Ground IN3+ 3 I Hall amplifier 3 non-inverting input LD 16 O Lock Detect. LD is an active low, open-drain output. LGA 32 I Lower gate drive A LGB 29 I Lower gate drive B LGC 28 I Lower gate drive C OSC1 12 I Crystal oscillator input 1. OSC1 is an external OSC input. OSC2 11 I Crystal oscillator input 2. OSC2 is an external OSC input. PGND 21 PHA 34 I Phase A return PHB 30 I Phase B return PHC 26 I Phase C return RT 10 O RT is the charge/discharge current setting resistor for filter and lock timer oscillators. S/S 18 I Stop/Start. S/S = low to start. SENSE 25 I Current limit sense. SENSE is the high-side current limit sense input. TEST 36 I Test enable UGA 33 I Upper gate drive A UGB 31 I Upper gate drive B UGC 27 I Upper gate drive C VCC VCP 20 I Supply voltage 22 O Charge-pump voltage source. VCP requires a storage capacitor. VDD VPP 13 O 5 V Supply output 35 I EEPROM programming voltage input PGND is the lower gate drive turnoff circuitry GND return. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 absolute maximum ratings over the recommended operating case temperature range (unless otherwise noted)† Supply voltage range, VCC (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 V to 30 V Motor drive voltage, V(motor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 V Charge pump output voltage, VCP(max), (VCP – VCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VCC + 20 V Operating virtual junction temperature range, TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0°C to 150°C Thermal resistance, junction to ambient, RθJA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121°C/W Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 65°C to 150°C Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C † Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTE 1: The device will function, but may not meet all electrical specifications over this voltage range. recommended operating conditions Supply voltage, VCC MIN TYP MAX 18 24 28 UNIT V Extended supply voltage range, (see Note 1) 8 18 V Operating case temperature, TC 0 70 °C NOTE 1: The device will function, but may not meet all electrical specifications over this voltage range. EEPROM programming MIN TYP MAX UNIT VPP setup time, tsu(VPP) VPP pulse width duration, tw(VPP) See Figure 20 2 µs See Figure 20 5 ms VPP rise time, tr(VPP) VPP fall time, tf(VPP) See Figure 20 2 3 ms See Figure 20 2 3 ms electrical characteristics, TC = 25°C, VCC = 24V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER Iccq TEST CONDITIONS VDD quiescent current TYP MAX S/S low, VCC = 28 V, I(VCP) = 2 mA MIN 10 18 S/S high, VCC = 28 V, I(VCP) = 0 mA 5 10 MIN TYP MAX 2.5 3.1 4 UNIT mA VDD undervoltage lockout PARAMETER VDD(uvlo) Vhys TEST CONDITIONS VDD under-voltage lockout threshold voltage VDD under-voltage lockout threshold voltage hysteresis 1.1 UNIT V V 5 V regulator PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VDD V(REGIN) Output voltage Line regulation IO = –10 mA VCC = 8 V to 28 V V(REGOUT) Load regulation IO = 0 to –10 mA POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 MIN TYP MAX 4.75 5 5.25 UNIT 0 50 mV 20 100 mV V 5 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 electrical characteristics, TC = 25°C, VCC = 24V (unless otherwise noted) (continued) charge pump PARAMETER VO(CP) TEST CONDITIONS IO = –1.5 mA, VCC = 18 V to 28 V, CP = 0.01 µF, CS = 0.1 µF, S/S = high Output voltage MIN TYP MAX UNIT VCC + 14 VCC + 15 VCC + 17 V IO = –1.5 mA, VCC = 8 V, CP = 0.01 µF, CS = 0.1 µF, S/S = high V(CP–uvlo) Under voltage lockout IO = –1.5 mA, VCC = 8 V to 28 V, S/S = high (VCP forced externally) Vhys(CP) Under voltage lockout hysteresis IO = –1.5 mA, VCC = 8 V to 28 V, S/S = high (VCP forced externally) VCC + 5.5 VCC + 5 VCC + 6 V VCC + 7 0.6 V V FG signal conditioning PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT VIO(FG) IIB(FG) Amplifier input offset voltage Measured at FGOUT 0.5 ±7 mV Amplifier input bias current Measured at FGIN – 0.02 ±1 µA VOH(FG) Amplifier high level output voltage I(FG) = – 200 µA, IDD = 0 VOL(FG) AV Amplifier low level output voltage I(FG) = 200 µA, IDD = 0 V(FGsens) V(FGbias) FG input sensitivity (see Note 2) 100 x Gain, at 2 kHz, FG bias voltage VIT+(FGOUT) FG comparator positive threshold IFG = 0 µA, IDD = 0 FGOUT with respect to V(FGIN+), See Figure 8 VIO(FGOUT) FG comparator offset voltage VOL(FGSOUT) Ilkg(FGSOUT) FGSOUT open drain saturation voltage FGOUT with respect to V(FGIN+), See Figure 8 IO = 2 mA FGSOUT leakage current VO = 5 V VDD – 500 mV VDD – 350 mV 100 Amplifier open-loop gain (see Note 2) V 500 mV 45 dB 3 mV 2.375 2.5 2.625 V 215 250 285 mV 0.8 ±7 mV 0.4 0.7 V 0.08 10 µA NOTE 2: Design target only. Not tested in production. Hall sensor signal conditioning PARAMETER IIB(HL) VICR(HL) TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP Input bias current (see Note 2) Common-mode input voltage range (see Note 3) 1.5 VIT+(HL) Input positive threshold voltage With respect to V(CM), 1.5 kΩ in series with both inputs, See Figure 9 VIT–(HL) Input negative threshold voltage MAX UNIT ±4 µA 3.5 V 4 8 12 mV With respect to VCM, 1.5 kΩ in series with both inputs, See Figure 9 –4 –8 – 12 mV TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT NOTES: 2. Design target only. Not tested in production. 3. Not measured, forced during testing. FG reference crystal oscillator PARAMETER VIT+(OSC1) OSC1 input upper threshold (see Note 3) VIT–(OSC1) OSC1 input lower threshold (see Note 3) 2.7 1 NOTES: 3. Not measured, forced during testing. 6 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 V • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 V TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 electrical characteristics, TC = 25°C, VCC = 24V (unless otherwise noted) (continued) digital filter f(s) RC oscillator PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS I(RT) = –160 µA MIN 0.19 VDD TYP MAX UNIT V RT reference voltage VIT+(CT) CT upper threshold voltage 0.7 VDD V VIT–(CT) CT lower threshold voltage 0.3 VDD V V(CT) CT amplitude I(CT) CT charge/discharge current Measured at VIT+(CT) and VIT–(CT) 0.2 VDD 0.21 VDD Vref(RT) 1.9 2 2.1 V 1.8 I(RT) ± 2 I(RT) 2.2 I(RT) A TYP MAX UNIT lock detection timer PARAMETER VIT+(CLT) CLT upper threshold voltage VIT–(CLT) CLT lower threshold voltage V(CLT) CLT amplitude I(CLT) CLT charge/discharge current TEST CONDITIONS MIN 0.7 VDD V 0.3 VDD Measured at VIT + (CLT) and VIT–(CLT) V 1.9 2 2.1 V 1.9 I(RT) ± 2 I(RT) 2.3 I(RT) A high side gate drive PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 14 16 19 V 1 1.2 V Clamp voltage UGX to PHX, I(UGX) = –100 µA VDS(UGX) Source voltage drop I(UGX) =–10 mA, Measure VCP – V(UGX), Vsink(UGX) Sink voltage drop @10 mA I(UGX)=10 mA, V(PHx)= 0, Measure V(UGX) – V(PHx) , VCC = 18 V 1.8 2 V Vsink(UGX) Sink voltage drop @100 uA I(UGX)=10 mA, V(PHx) = 0, Measure V(UGX) – V(PHx) , VCC = 18 V 0.56 0.7 V MIN TYP MAX VC VCP = VCC + 17 V, VCC = 18 V low side gate drive PARAMETER VO(REG15) High level output voltage Vsource(LGX) Source voltage VDS(LGX) Sink voltage drop TEST CONDITIONS VCC = 18 to 28 V, VCC = 8 to 18 V, I(LGX) = 0 I(LGX) = 0 I(LGX) = –10 mA, with respect to PGND, VCC = 18 V UNIT 14 16 19 V 7.9 8 18 V 12 14.5 I(LGX) = 10 mA, with respect to PGND, VCC = 18 V V 0.6 1 V MIN TYP MAX UNIT 0.46 0.5 0.54 V MIN TYP MAX UNIT 0.9 1 1.1 MIN TYP MAX 12 13 15 V 15 23 35 kΩ current limit control PARAMETER VIT(lim) Limit threshold voltage TEST CONDITIONS VCC – V(SENSE) over-current shutdown control PARAMETER VIT(ocsd) Detection threshold voltage TEST CONDITIONS VCC – V(SENSE) V EEPROM programming PARAMETER VPP R(VPP) VPP programming voltage VPP pulldown resistance TEST CONDITIONS VPP = 1 V POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 UNIT 7 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 electrical characteristics, TC = 25°C, VCC = 24V (unless otherwise noted) (continued) digital input pins PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN VIH VIL Digital input high level input voltage Interface from 3.3 V controller Digital input low level input voltage Interface from 3.3 V controller I(pullup) Digital input pullup current, S/S, FSEL VIN = 2.2 V –9 I(F/R) Digital input pulldown current, F/R VIN = 1.1 V 17.5 I(TEST) TEST input pulldown current VIN = 1.1 V TYP MAX 2.2 UNIT V 1.1 V – 14 – 18 µA 27 35 µA 130 200 250 µA MIN TYP MAX UNIT switching characteristics, TC = 25°C, VCC = 24 V charge pump PARAMETER f(CP) TEST CONDITIONS 180 Switching frequency TC = 0 to 70°C 140 kHz 220 kHz MAX UNIT FG signal conditioning PARAMETER BW TEST CONDITIONS MIN Gain bandwidth (see Note 2) TYP 200 kHz NOTE 2. Design target only. Not tested in production. FG reference crystal oscillator PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS f(OSC) Crystal frequency range (see Note 2) f(OSC1) OSC1 frequency range MIN TYP MAX UNIT 5 6.87 10 MHz 10 MHz MAX UNIT OSC1 driven externally, see FG Reference Oscillator section 1 NOTE 2. Design target only. Not tested in production. PWM control PARAMETER f(PWM) PWM frequency t(DT) Gate drive dead time control TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP 22.7 TC = 0 to 70°C See Figure 3 18 27 1 3.2 kHz µs digital filter f(s) RC oscillator PARAMETER f(CT) TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 1/(2 × RT × CT) ±10% Oscillator frequency (see Note 2) UNIT Hz NOTE 2. Design target only. Not tested in production. lock detection timer PARAMETER f(CLT) TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 1/(2 × RT × CLT) ±10% CLT oscillator frequency (see Note 2) UNIT Hz NOTE 2. Design target only. Not tested in production. lock detection PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS TYP ±5 LDERR† Lock detect threshold † Non JEDEC symbol. 8 MIN POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 MAX UNIT % TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 switching characteristics, TC = 25°C, VCC = 24 V (continued) current limit control PARAMETER t(DG) Deglitch blanking time TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX V(SENSE) – VL ≥ 100 mV, See Figure 1 0.5 3.7 6.5 TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 0.5 1.5 2.5 UNIT µs over-current shutdown control PARAMETER t(OCSD) Response time See Figure 2 UNIT µs Amplitude VCC V(SENSE) VL PWM Cycle High-Side Gate Output t(DG) time Figure 1. Current Limit Deglitch Blanking Time Amplitude V(SENSE) VCC VOCSD High-Side Gate Output t(OCSD) time Figure 2. Over-Current Shutdown Response Time Amplitude UGx t(DT) t(DT) LGx time Figure 3. Gate Drive Deadtime POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 9 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION voltage regulator The TPIC43T01/02 receives an 8 to 28 V supply voltage at the VCC pin and generates an internal 5 V, VDD, supply for the internal analog and digital logic. An external terminal for VDD is provided for a required external 1 µF compensation capacitor. The regulator can also supply up to 10 mA current from the VDD pin to external circuitry. oscillators internal oscillator The device generates an internal 5.8 MHz clock to supply a frequency input to internal control blocks as presented in Figure 4. No external components are required. 5.8 MHz Oscillator ÷ 32 181 kHz Charge Pump ILIM/OCSD Deglitch Timer PWM, f∼23 kHz 8-Bit PWM Generator ∼ 45 kHz Watchdog Gate Drive Dead Time Control ÷8 Integrator Figure 4. 5.8 MHz Internal Oscillator Fanout FG reference oscillator The FG reference oscillator provides a clock to the FG frequency control section of the device. The oscillator requires an external 5 to 10 MHz crystal to select the primary frequency. The user can alternatively input a 1 to 10 MHz signal from a signal generator to the OSC1 input to replace the external crystal. Two EEPROM bits allow programming four different crystal oscillator divide-by values for controlling the FG reference frequency. The FSEL pin provides an additional divide-by-2 for on-the-fly FG frequency (RPM) selection. Table 1 shows the divide-by count and resulting FG reference frequency based on the two EEPROM bits (address 1, bits 0 –1) and the FSEL pin input level. 10 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION Table 1. FG Reference Frequency FG f(ref) @f(osc) EEPROM ADDR 1, BIT 1 EEPROM ADDR 1, BIT 0 FSEL INPUT PRE-DIVIDER DIVIDE BY TOTAL f(osc) DIVIDE-BY 1 MHZ 5 MHZ 10 MHZ 0 0 1 3 3072 326 1628 3256 0 0 0 6 6144 163 814 1628 0 1 1 4 4096 244 1221 2441 0 1 0 8 8192 122 610 1221 1 0 1 6 6144 163 814 1628 1 0 0 12 12,288 81 407 814 1 1 1 8 8192† 122 610 1221 16 16,384† 61 305 610 1 1 0 † Equals default value sampling frequency for the digital filter, f(s), oscillator An external resistor (RT) and capacitor (CT) must be connected from the respective RT and CT terminals to GND to set the sampling frequency for the digital filter. Charge/discharge current at terminal CT will nominally be ± 2 × (1V/RT). Nominal period is determined by the formula: T(CT) = 2 × RT × CT (see Figure 5). VDD 1:1 1:2 I(RT) 2I(RT) I(RT) VDD 1 V Internal Reference 1.5 + _ + _ R Q IRT V(RT) = 1 V RT CT 4I(RT) 3.5 + _ S Clock To Digital Filter 4:1 RT CT Figure 5. Digital Filter Sampling Clock Generation POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 11 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION lock timer oscillator/counter Overall lock timer functionality is implemented by the combination of the oscillator and counter. The lock timer oscillator is identical to the sampling frequency oscillator. The external resistor (RT) is used as the current setting reference for both blocks. An external capacitor must be connected from the CLT terminal to GND to set the period, T(CLT), of the lock timer oscillator. The nominal period is determined by the formula: TCLT = 2 × RT × CLT. When an out-of-lock signal is generated by the lock detect block (see lock detect section), the lock timer counter will count at the frequency of the lock timer oscillator. Should the out-of-lock signal remain for the duration of the counter completing 1023 counts, a lock timer time-out signal will then be generated which the shutdown logic block will respond to (see shutdown section). The lock timer time-out is thus set by TCLT × 1023. power-up clear An under-voltage lockout and power-up clear are provided to ensure FET drive outputs are set to a known state during power-up. The device is held in a CLEAR state until the following three conditions are met: 1. VDD > VDD(uvlo), after which a power-up clear (PUC) time will begin. 2. The PUC timer counts 3 cycles of internal 20 kHz signal (internal 5.8 MHz ÷ 255), or ≅ 132 µs. 3. The charge pump voltage, V(CP), has charged to at least VCC + 5 V. shutdown The scheme for shutdown includes monitoring two conditions and latching the device in a CLEAR state should an abnormal condition occur. Once shutdown is latched, the S/S input must be cycled high then low, or power cycled OFF then ON to release shutdown and resume normal operation. If an abnormal condition still exists after the S/S pin has been cycled, the device will relatch shutdown. A 1 on either S/S or VDD pins will clear the lock timer. A VDD under-voltage-lockout detect will force a global clear. (see Table 2 and Figure 6). Table 2. Shutdown Conditions LATCHED SHUTDOWN CONDITIONS UNLATCHED SHUTDOWN CONDITIONS S/S INTERNAL CLR LT LTCLR GATE OUTPUTS OCSD LT CP UV X X VDD UVLO X INPUT X H 0 0 0 X X X VDD < VDD(uvlo) X 0 0 0 V(SENSE) < V(OCSD) Out of Lock < t(LT) VO(CP) > V(CPUV) VDD > VDD(uvlo) + 3 counts H↓L 1 1 1 X X VCP < V(CPUV) for > t(DG) X X X X 0 V(SENSE) > V(OCSD) for > t(DG) X X X X X X 0 X Out of Lock > t(LT) X X L X 1 0 12 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION S/S ENA CLR PUC VDD UVLO 3 Counts PWM (22 KHz) Internal 5.8 MHz OSC Charge Pump UV ÷ 32 t(DG) VDD CPUV D Q CLR OSC Lock OSC Lock Counter LTCLR Lock Detect Q ILIM OCSD t(DG) OCSD Shutdown Latch ENA LT ENA Figure 6. Shutdown Logic Block Diagram FG amplifier The FG amplifier amplifies the ac signal from the FG variable-reluctance pickup and converts it to a digital signal for internal use in the FG frequency control loop (see Figure 7). Figure 8 illustrates the generation of the FGSOUT signal in the FG amplifier section. Two comparators driving an RS latch are used with the upper comparator threshold (taken from the 5 V VDD band-gap buffer circuit feedback resistor string), while the lower comparator threshold is connected to the FG bias voltage. This provides controlled hysteresis above the FGIN+ amplifier input reference voltage and zero-crossing detection at the input reference voltage. FGSOUT FG Comparator _ FGS Buffer FGOUT 330 kΩ 150 pF + R _ S Q + FGIN– + 1 kΩ Band-Gap Buffer _ FG Amp 1 µF 1/2 VDD + 180 mV FG Winding OP-Amp FGIN+ + _ 1/2 VDD Figure 7. FG Signal Conditioning Schematic POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 13 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION VIT+(FGOUT) FGOUT V(FGIN+) VIO+(FGOUT) FGSOUT Figure 8. FG Signal Conditioning Block Waveforms lock detect The lock detect circuit monitors FGSOUT and flags when it is within ±5% of f(ref). The circuit counts the number of FG reference clocks which occur between the rising edges of FGSOUT to determine whether motor speed has reached the locking range. When a lock occurs, the LD terminal transitions low. When the FGSOUT frequency is not within the ± 5% of f(ref) window, an internal out-of-lock signal is generated for the lock timer block (see lock timer section). Hall signal conditioning The Hall signal conditioning block receives the low-level differential voltage from naked Hall elements and implements symmetric threshold detection and hysteresis for noise rejection. The circuit has nominal input voltage thresholds of ±7 mV at the INx+ pin with respect to the INx– pin. The common-mode input voltage range is 1.5 V to 3.5 V (see Figure 9). V(Hall) (INx+) VIT+(HL) V(CM) (INx–) VIT–(HL) Hall Amp Output (Internal) Figure 9. Hall Signal Conditioning Waveforms 14 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION rotor position sensing/commutation control To electronically commutate the three phases, the state of the three Hall-effect sensors is decoded to drive the correct phases based on desired motor rotational direction and rotor position. This is accomplished by decoding the Hall sensor gray-code with the F/R input condition as described in Table 3. If all three Hall inputs are detected as identical states, this is an illegal condition and the device turns all outputs OFF. Table 3. Hall Position Sensor Input Gray-Code Logic COMMUTATION F/R = LOW F/R = HIGH PHASE A STEP IN1 IN2 IN3 IN1 IN2 IN3 A L L H H H L UPPER LOWER B L H H H L L PWM Note 4 C L H L H L H PWM Note 4 D H H L L L H E H L L L H H ON F H L H L H L ON PHASE B UPPER LOWER PWM Note 4 PHASE C UPPER LOWER ON ON ON ON PWM PWM Note 4 PWM Note 4 Note 4 Illegal L L L L L L all OFF Illegal H H H H H H all OFF NOTE 4: For the Half-H in which GUx is being switched by PWM, the complimentary LGx can be EEPROM programmed by a single bit to enable or disable synchronous rectification during t(OFF) of each PWM cycle. This allows configuration of the device for applications where synchronous rectification can or cannot be used. digital PWM operation In Table 3, the term PWM represents the pulse-width-modulation duty-cycle. PWM switching is implemented with the upper gate drive such that recirculation occurs in the lower external FET during the OFF portion of each period. Coast mode is enabled or disabled using EEPROM address 0, bit 4. Synchronous rectification mode is enabled or disabled using EEPROM address 0, bit 3. An 8-bit digital PWM circuit uses an internal 5.8 Mhz oscillator as an input frequency. Each PWM period is defined by 255 (28 –1) intervals where the number of ON intervals is controlled by the value of an 8-bit binary input word from the digital filter output. The PWM generator is implemented such that duty cycle is: Duty cycle n + ǒ28 n– 1Ǔ + 255 Where: n = decimal equivalent of the 8-bit binary input word coast mode, (EEPROM address 0, bit 4, default = H) When coast function is enabled (EEPROM address 0, bit 4 = H), the device uses a special mode to control speed of the motor when it exceeds the selected reference speed. Referring to Figure 10, when FGSOUT frequency exceeds f(ref) by 5%, resulting in a loss of lock detect, the high-side FET gate drives (UGx) are disabled and the low-side FET drives (LGx) continue to sequence as per the commutation table. This will continue until FGSOUT frequency drops below f(ref), which re-enables the high-side gate drives. The coast mode will override synchronous rectification mode if both are enabled (see following) after the FSGOUT signal exceeds f(ref). POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 15 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION f(FGSOUT) (Motor RPM) Coast +5% f(ref) –5% Lock Detect Range Figure 10. Coast Mode Operation synchronous rectification mode (EEPROM address 0, bit 3, default = H for TPIC43T01, default = L for TPIC43T02) The TPIC43T01 is set up with synchronous rectification enabled. With synchronous rectification enabled (EEPROM address 0, bit 3 = H), the complimentary LGx of the phase being pulse-width-modulated will turn ON inversely to UGx during each PWM cycle. This provides a low resistance path through the low-side FET, operating in inverse, for recirculating inductive current of the motor winding. This technique improves drive efficiency over allowing the inductive energy to recirculate through the FET’s drain-body diode. Dead-time will be controlled in each half-H between upper to lower and lower to upper transitions to prevent high current conduction directly through the power FETs. During this dead-time, recirculation current, due to load inductance, will occur in the lower FET body diode. After dead-time, the complimentary LGx will be turned on, thus reducing power dissipation by using the lower FET in inverse to produce a lower voltage drop across rDS(ON) than would occur across VF of the FET drain-body diode (see Figure 11). f(FG) (Motor RPM) Sync Blanking +5% fref –5% Synchronous Rectification Lock Detect Range Synchronous Rectification Figure 11. Synchronous Rectification/Coast Mode Operation The TPIC43T02 is set up with synchronous rectification disabled. With synchronous rectification disabled (EEPROM address 0, bit 3 = L), the complimentary LGx will stay low during the OFF time of UGx, and inductive current will thus recirculate through the lower external FET drain-body diode for the duration of t(OFF). 16 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION digital integrator gain selections In Table 4, EEPROM bits can be set for different clocking rates of the digital integrator. In effect, this allows for different integrator gain, thereby allowing the user to optimize loop performance (see Figure 12). The integrator circuit actually utilizes 14 bits with a 4-bit pre-integrator prior to the 10 bits which are output to the digital filter. This design increases resolution in the error detected by the speed discriminator while reducing the bit-count output to the digital filter. Table 4. Digital Integrator Gain Selection Table EEPROM ADDR 0 BIT 2 EEPROM ADDR 0 BIT 1 EEPROM ADDR 0 BIT 0 0 0 0 INTEGRATOR INPUT FREQUENCY DIVIDE DOWN ÷ 1† 0 dB 5.8 MHz 0 1 0 ÷2 – 6 dB 2.9 MHz 0 0 1 ÷3 – 9.5 dB 1.93 MHz 1 0 0 ÷4 – 12 dB 1.45 MHz 0 1 1 ÷6 – 15.5 dB 967 kHz 1 1 0 ÷8 – 18 dB 725 kHz 1 0 1 ÷ 12 – 21.5 dB 483 kHz ÷ 16 – 24 dB 363 kHz 1 1 1 † Default setting for integrator clock. Up Down PreIntegrator (4 Bits) INTEGRATOR GAIN ADJUST TYPICAL INTEGRATOR INPUT FREQUENCY Integrator (10 Bits) Input Frequency B0 B1 B2 Divide-By Gain Adjust Digital Filter 8-Bit PWM Generator 5.8 MHz OSC Figure 12. Integrator Implementation POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 17 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION digital filter coefficients The two digital filter coefficients can be set by programming the EEPROM to select the pole and zero for the digital filter. The pole and zero values are directly proportional to the digital filter sample rate, T(s), and the filter gain is independent of T(s). The adjustment range of T(s) is from 250 µs to 1 ms (see Figure 13). The K1 lead coefficient value is stored in bits 2–7 of Address 1 as a BCD equivalent of the K1 coefficient. K1 has a range from 0 to 63, with a default setting of 28. See Table 5 for a typical range of pole and zero frequencies at T(s) = 500 µs. The K 2 coefficient value is stored in bits 5 –7 of Address 0 (see Table 6 and Figure 14). The gain of the digital filter is given by the equation: OUT + IN [128 Z – K2] Z–K1 128 ń 0.25 Where: Z represents a delay of one period of the f(s) sampling clock. The scaling factor of 0.25 in the above equation accounts for the difference in word lengths in the integrator (10 bits), the filter (17 bits) and the PWM generator (8 bits). + Digital Integrator (10-Bit Data Word) + Σ – 1/Z K2 PWM Generator (8-Bit Data Word) Σ + K1 Figure 13. Digital Filter System Diagram Table 5. Filter Zero and Gain as a Function of K2, Ts = 500 µs K1 = 14 (POLE = 704 Hz) K1 = 28 (POLE = 483 Hz) K1 = 56 (POLE = 263 Hz) ZERO (Hz) GAIN ZERO (Hz) GAIN ZERO (Hz) GAIN 127 6.2 0.28 4.8 0.32 3.7 0.45 126 12.4 0.28 9.7 0.32 7.3 0.45 125 18.4 0.42 14.5 0.48 11 0.68 124 24.7 0.28 19.3 0.32 14.6 0.45 123 30.9 0.35 24.2 0.4 18.3 0.56 122 37.1 0.42 29 0.48 21.9 0.68 121 43.3 0.25 33.9 0.28 25.6 0.39 120 49.4 0.28 38.7 0.32 29.2 0.45 K2 18 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION Table 6. Digital Coefficient Truth Table EEPROM ADDR 0 BIT 7 EEPROM ADDR 0 BIT 6 EEPROM ADDR 0 BIT 5 K2 COEFFICIENT 0 0 0 120 0 0 1 121 0 1 0 122 0 1 1 1 0 0 123 124† 1 0 1 125 1 1 0 126 1 1 1 † Default setting for the digital filter coefficient 127 DIGITAL FILTER ZERO vs K2 and K1 FILTER COEFFICIENT, (TS = 500 µs) 50 45 K1 = 14 Digital Filter Zero – Hz 40 K1 = 28 35 30 Default Zero Setting 25 K1 = 56 20 15 10 5 0 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 K2 and K1 Filter Coefficient Figure 14. Digital Filter Coefficient FG watchdog The FG watchdog monitors FGOUT output, allowing an internal timer to count until a transition in FGOUT occurs and clears the counter. Should timer time-out occur by reaching a count equivalent to 25 ms (512 counts of the PWM clock), two actions are taken: 1) speed discriminator UP error output is set to 100%; 2) lock detect is set and lock timer begins counting (see lock timer oscillator/counter section). These actions ensure the digital integrator counts up (increasing motor drive PWM) at startup of the system, or, if the FG signal is lost during operation and if no detection of an FG period of < 25 ms occurs for the duration of the lock timer, the IC will go into shutdown mode, disabling the motor drive (see shutdown section). POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 19 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION current limit/over-current shutdown Referring to Figure 15, two comparators monitor the voltage drop across an external current sensing resistor, R(SENSE). The sensed voltage, V(SENSE), is then compared against two VCC referred voltages, VL and V(OCSD). When V(SENSE) exceeds VL, the ILIM comparator outputs a high level. When V(SENSE) exceeds V(OCSD), the OCSD comparator also outputs a high level. The combination of these two comparator outputs is then used in conjunction with a deglitch or blanking timer to discriminate between a high di/dt, short-duration current spike. This spike is commonly caused by reverse recover time (trr) current at the start of each PWM cycle and a portion of the current waveform with lower di/dt. The lower di/dt is controlled by the L/R time constant of the motor winding (see Figure 16). A comparator is also used to detect over current conditions caused by a shorted-load or shorted phase-winding to GND (see Figure 17). VCC R OCSD Q OCSD COMP D + V(sense) R(sense) IDET S/S PWM Control Digital Deglitch (0.5 – 2 µs) PWM_START OSC ILIM COMP + _ SENSE 3-Phase Motor VDD Vref A + Power Drivers _ ILIMIT Block V(thres) Generation Figure 15. ILIMIT/OCSD Diagram 20 2×R + _ Q CLK CLR PWM_OFF V(LM) VOCSD POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 B C TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION current limit/over-current shutdown (continued) The deglitch timer prevents the ILIM COMP high from being recognized unless it occurs for the duration of the timer, after which a high IDET level occurs. This IDET level is used to terminate, or latch off the upper gate drive being driven by PWM for the remainder of the PWM interval. This ILIM latch and deglitch timer clears at the start of each new PWM cycle; thus, a cycle-by-cycle PWM controlled current limit is implemented. Amplitude VOCSD Current spike from trr VL VCC – VSENSE t(DG) = 0.5 to 6.5 µs ILIM COMP t(DE-GLITCH) IDET OCSD COMP OCSD time Figure 16. Normal Motor Current Waveform With trr Spike at Start of PWM Cycle Amplitude High Ipeak from shorted phase winding or shorted-phase-to-GND(> 5 A depending on the value of R(SENSE)) VOCSD VL VCC – VSENSE t(ocsd) = 0.5 to 2.5 µs Combination of IDET high and OCSDCOMP high sets OSCD latch Latches high until S/S cycles time Figure 17. Motor Current Waveform With Shorted Phase Winding or Shorted Phase to GND POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 21 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION EEPROM registers There are two user configurable EEPROM bit registers accessible through the serial test interface when the device is configured in TEST mode. This mode is enabled when the TEST pin is held high at 5 V. Once the device is placed in TEST mode, either register can be programmed by transmitting a 16-bit word. The first three bits of this transmission are the address and R/W for the register the user wishes to modify. The next five bits must be held low, and the remaining eight bits are configuration bits. Each register must be programmed independently, i.e. once the register value is written, the VPP pin must immediately be taken to 13.5 V in the manner described in the EEPROM Programming section. The two EEPROM registers are summarized in Table 7. A detailed definition outlining the function of each bit in the EEPROM is presented in the respective functional description sections of this specification (see Notes 5 and 6). Table 7. EEPROM Register Definition ADDR EEPROM REGISTER CONFIGURATION BITS BIT 7 0 BIT 6 BIT 5 K 2 Coefficient BIT 4 BIT 3 Coast Enable Synchronous Rectification BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 Integrator Gain Select TPIC43T01 default 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 TPIC43T02 default 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 TPIC43T01 default 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 TPIC43T02 default 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 K1 Coefficient FG Frequency Select NOTES: 5. Bit 0 in the EEPROM register definition table corresponds to D0 and E0 in the serial protocol sequence. 6. Data read out of the EEPROM corresponds to the contents of the register at the time it is read. (A register can be read after programming it in order to verify that the EEPROM was programmed properly.) serial test interface User-programmable functions are controlled using two 16-bit EEPROM registers. These registers are programmed by placing the device in program/test mode by pulling the TEST pin high and transferring data using the serial interface. Pins 14 and 17–19 are multipurpose pins, which are configured for serial test mode when the TEST pin is high (see Table 8). Table 8. Serial Test Interface Pin Definition PIN NAME NO. PIN DESCRIPTION SO 14 Serial data output. SO is an output terminal that reads data from the EEPROM. SCLK 17 Serial clock. SCLK clocks the shift register. Serial data is clocked into the serial data input (SI) port on the rising edge of the serial clock. Serial output data is clocked out of the serial data output (SO) port on the rising edge of the serial clock. SIENB 18 SI 19 Serial transfer enable. A low to high transition on the SIENB pin enables the serial interface to send or receive data (see Figure 2). The SIENB signal must be taken low after 16 bits of data has been transferred to insure data has been loaded into the proper bit locations. During program mode, the VPP input is strobed after SIENB is taken low to program the EEPROM. Serial input. SI is an input terminal to load the EEPROM input register. VPP TEST 35 EEPROM program voltage. VPP transfers data from the EEPROM input register to the respective address location. 36 Serial interface/test mode enable. TEST is taken high to enable the serial interface. 22 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION EEPROM programming Figure 18 presents the sequence of events required to program the onboard EEPROM. To begin the procedure, the device must be placed into test mode by setting VPP to GND, TEST to VDD and VCC > 8 V. The SIENB input must transition high to enable the serial input port (see Figure 19). Serial data is clocked into SI on the rising edges of SCLK. Sixteen bits of data must be transferred during each serial transfer and SIENB must be set to 0 after the sixteenth clock. The first two bits transferred select the EEPROM address to be manipulated. Address bit A0 is the least significant bit (LSB). The third bit sets the interface into read or write mode. A 1 selects a read operation from the EEPROM and a 0 selects a write operation to the EEPROM. Set the next five unused bits to 0. The next 8 bits of data are used for write operations, and are unused and should be set to zero for read operations. The definition of the data word is presented in Table 7. SIENB must be set to 0 after the 16-bit transfer has been completed. When new data is being programmed into the EEPROM, the VPP pin must transition to 13.5 V for at least 5 ms and then back to GND (see Figure 20). This completes the serial transfer and programming sequence. Another transfer can begin using the same procedure. Only one register can be programmed at a time. The TEST pin must be set to 0 after programming has been completed to disable the serial test mode and reconfigure the multipurpose pins for normal operation. Start Set VPP = GND; Set TEST = VDD, VCC > 8 V Set SIENB = H Shift Address and Data into SI Set SIENB = L Ramp VPP to 13.5 V then back to GND Figure 18. Recommended EEPROM Programming Sequence POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 23 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION VPP SIENB SCLK SI 1 X A0 2 A1 3 R/W 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 9 0 E0 10 11 E1 E2 12 13 E3 E4 14 E5 15 E6 16 E7 X To Read EEPROM Registers: SI X A0 A1 1 X X SO D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 X D7 To Write EEPROM Registers: SI X A0 A1 0 X E0 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 Figure 19. Serial Protocol tsu(VPP) SIENB tr(VPP) tf(VPP) 90% VPP 10% VPP 10% tw(VPP) Figure 20. VPP Programming Waveforms 24 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 E6 E7 X TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION charge pump An external charge pump capacitor (CP) is connected across the CP1 and CP2 pins. An external storage capacitor (CS) with a typical value of 0.01 µF is connected from VCP to VCC (see functional block diagram). The charge pump output, VCP , powers the high-side gate drive circuitry for the pre-FET drivers. An internal CPUV monitors the voltage between VCP and VCC and disables all outputs through a signal to the global shutdown circuit until VCP – VCC ≥ 5 V. The VCP voltage level is internally regulated to VCC + 15 V (typical). pre-FET drivers The TPIC43T01/02 contains three pre-FET driver blocks, each with an upper and lower gate drive for driving the gates of two external power NMOS FETs configured as a half H-power stage (see Figure 21). The TPIC43T01/02 is designed to drive the TI TPIC1310 Power+ Array, but it is capable of driving discrete N-channel FET devices as well. Each pre-FET gate output is capable of sourcing at least 60 mA peak current and sinking at least 100 mA peak of current. The lower gate drive outputs provide VGS to the external FET from 14 to 20 V. The upper gate drive outputs drive the external FET gate from VCP and provide VGS voltage protection (clamp UGx pin with respect to Phx pin) to prevent the gate voltage from exceeding 19 V and damaging the external FET in the event of a shorted-load or shorted-phase winding to ground. Half-H Pre-FET Drive Stage VCP UGx Upper Gate Drive 3-Phase Brushless Motor PHx Pre-Regulator LGx Lower Gate Drive PGND Figure 21. Pre-FET Driver Output Stage POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 25 TPIC43T01, TPIC43T02 THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR RPM CONTROLLERS SLIS098 – APRIL 2000 MECHANICAL DATA DA (R-PDSO-G**) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE 38 PIN SHOWN 0,30 0,19 0,65 38 0,13 M 20 6,20 NOM 8,40 7,80 0,15 NOM Gage Plane 1 19 0,25 A 0°– 8° 0,75 0,50 Seating Plane 1,20 MAX 0,10 0,05 MIN PINS ** 28 30 32 38 A MAX 9,80 11,10 11,10 12,60 A MIN 9,60 10,90 10,90 12,40 DIM 4040066 / C 10/95 NOTES: A. B. C. D. 26 All linear dimensions are in millimeters. This drawing is subject to change without notice. Body dimensions include mold flash or protrusion. Falls within JEDEC MO-153 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed, except those mandated by government requirements. Customers are responsible for their applications using TI components. In order to minimize risks associated with the customer’s applications, adequate design and operating safeguards must be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which such semiconductor products or services might be or are used. TI’s publication of information regarding any third party’s products or services does not constitute TI’s approval, warranty or endorsement thereof. Copyright 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated