Using the LM3447-A19-120VEVM User's Guide Literature Number: SLUU937 May 2012 www.ti.com WARNING Always follow TI’s set-up and application instructions, including use of all interface components within their recommended electrical rated voltage and power limits. Always use electrical safety precautions to help ensure your personal safety and the safety of those working around you. Contact TI’s Product Information Center http://support/ti./com for further information. Save all warnings and instructions for future reference. Failure to follow warnings and instructions may result in personal injury, property damage, or death due to electrical shock and/or burn hazards. The term TI HV EVM refers to an electronic device typically provided as an open framed, unenclosed printed circuit board assembly. It is intended strictly for use in development laboratory environments, solely for qualified professional users having training, expertise, and knowledge of electrical safety risks in development and application of high-voltage electrical circuits. Any other use and/or application are strictly prohibited by Texas Instruments. If you are not suitably qualified, you should immediately stop from further use of the HV EVM. 1. Work Area Safety: (a) Keep work area clean and orderly. (b) Qualified observer(s) must be present anytime circuits are energized. (c) Effective barriers and signage must be present in the area where the TI HV EVM and its interface electronics are energized, indicating operation of accessible high voltages may be present, for the purpose of protecting inadvertent access. (d) All interface circuits, power supplies, evaluation modules, instruments, meters, scopes and other related apparatus used in a development environment exceeding 50 VRMS/75 VDC must be electrically located within a protected Emergency Power Off (EPO) protected power strip. (e) Use a stable and non-conductive work surface. (f) Use adequately insulated clamps and wires to attach measurement probes and instruments. No freehand testing whenever possible. 2. Electrical Safety: (a) De-energize the TI HV EVM and all its inputs, outputs, and electrical loads before performing any electrical or other diagnostic measurements. Revalidate that TI HV EVM power has been safely deenergized. (b) With the EVM confirmed de-energized, proceed with required electrical circuit configurations, wiring, measurement equipment hook-ups and other application needs, while still assuming the EVM circuit and measuring instruments are electrically live. (c) Once EVM readiness is complete, energize the EVM as intended. WARNING: while the EVM is energized, never touch the EVM or its electrical circuits as they could be at high voltages capable of causing electrical shock hazard. 3. Personal Safety: (a) Wear personal protective equipment e.g. latex gloves and/or safety glasses with side shields or protect EVM in an adequate lucent plastic box with interlocks from accidental touch. 4. Limitation for Safe Use: (a) EVMs are not to be used as all or part of a production unit. 2 SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated User's Guide SLUU937 – May 2012 LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver 1 Introduction The LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a 10-W, 120-VAC isolated dimmable LED driver whose form factor intended for A19/R27 applications. 2 Description The LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a primary-side power regulated PFC controller used for commercial and residential phase-cut dimmer compatible LED lamp drivers. The LM3447-A19-120VEVM uses fixed frequency valley switching operation resulting in discontinuous current operation. 2.1 Typical Applications • • 2.2 A19 Bulb Form Factor R27 Bulb Form Factor Features • • • • • • • • • • • Primary-Side Control Leading and Trailing Edge Compatible 50:1 Dimming Range Valley Switching Fixed Frequency Discontinuous Operation Thermal Foldback PFC Efficient Triac Hold Current Operation LED Short and Open Circuit Detection Thermal Foldback Constant Power Operation SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated 3 Electrical Performance Specifications 3 www.ti.com Electrical Performance Specifications Table 1. LM3447-A19-120VEVM Electrical Performance Specifications PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Input Characteristics Voltage range 90 Maximum input current 120 135 100 V mA Output Characteristics Output voltage, VOUT 9 to 10 LED’s Output load current, IOUT Output current ripple VIN = 120 VAC Output over voltage 28 30 32 V 240 275 310 mA 100 mApp 36 V 75 kHz Systems Characteristics Switching frequency Full-load efficiency VIN = 120 VAC Power factor, PF 4 82% 0.98 LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback J3 J1 22 R1 Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 1 Not Notes: populated 0.1uF 118k C11 R13 C10 0.1uF 3.3mH L2 R16 1 C4 33nF C2, C4: 305Vac, X2 class R1: Fusible Resistor C2 10nF 3.3mH R15 1 EMI Filter and Snubber Circuit L1 Hardware and Fiducials J5 250VAC, 2A F1 MOV1 140VAC, 12J J4 10uF C12 R12 280k RT1 100k C3 0.22uF R2 470 GND 8 VCC 11 GATE 10 ISNS 9 BIAS 14 HOLD 13 AUX 12 LM3447MT 7 COMP 5 FF 6 INV 3 FTR1 4 FTR2 1 VAC 2 TSNS U1 LM3447MT 430k R4 D2 HD04 3.9V D7 R3 430k Q1 R8 5.1k R5 100 450V UFM15PL-TP D3 C8 2.2uF, 25V R14 10 22uF, 25V C9 D6 D5 BAV19WS-TP BAV19WS-TP C1 0.1uF SMAJ160A 160V, 400W D1 R11 0.2 650V Q2 10 R7 5 3 4 2 1 10 23.7k R10 R9 220k 1000pF C7 6 7 8 9 + R6 470uF 22k C5 D4 ES1D-13-F Wurth Electronics 750813049 T1 LED+ J7 LED- C6 1uF, 50V J6 J9 J8 Output: 28V to 32V 4 90VAC to 135VAC J2 www.ti.com Schematic Schematic Figure 1. LM3447-A19-120VEVM Schematic LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver 5 Test Setup www.ti.com 5 Test Setup 5.1 Test Equipment Voltage Source: 105 VRMS to 135 VRMS isolated AC source PCR500LA (KIKUSUI) Multimeters: Agilent 34401A Power Meter: PM1000 Digital Power Meter (Voltech) Output Load: 9 LEDs in series (VF = 3.2 V at 350 mA per LED) Oscilloscope: TDS3045C (TEKTRONIX) Operating Temperature: 25°C Recommended Wire Gauge: 18 AWG not more than two feet long 5.2 Recommended Test Setup Figure 2. LM3447-A19-120VEVM Recommended Test Set Up 5.3 List of Test Points Table 2. Test Points Functions 6 TEST POINTS NAME TP1 Neutral DESCRIPTION 120 VAC neutral connection TP2 Line J8 LED+ 120 VAC line voltage LED anode connection J9 LED- LED cathode connection LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback Test Procedure www.ti.com 6 Test Procedure 6.1 Line/Load Regulation and Efficiency Measurement Procedure 1. 2. 3. 4. Connect EVM per Figure 2 above. An external LED load must be used to start up the EVM. Prior to turning on the AC source, set the voltage to 90 VRMS. Turn on the AC source. Record the output voltage and current readings from Voltmeter 2 and output current reading from Ammeter 2 and input voltage reading from Voltmeter 1 and current from Ammeter 1. 5. Increase output voltage by 5 VRMS. 6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 until 135 VAC is reached. 7. Refer to Section 6.2 for shutdown procedure. 6.2 Equipment Shutdown 1. Turn off equipment. 2. Make sure capacitors are discharged. 6.3 EVM Phase Angle Decode vs LED Current 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Connect EVM per Figure 2 above. An external LED load must be used to start up the EVM. Prior to turning on the AC source, set the voltage to 120 VRMS. Connect scope probe to EVM per Figure 2 above to bridge rectifier output. Turn on the AC source. Record the output voltage and current readings from Voltmeter 2 and output current reading from Ammeter 2 and input voltage reading from Voltmeter 1 and current from Ammeter 1. 6. Set dimmer to minimum setting and vary by 1.0 msec till 8 msec is reached and record in 5 above. 7. Refer to Section 6.2 for shutdown procedure. NOTE: Scope must be isolated. SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated 7 Performance Data and Typical Characteristic Curves 7 www.ti.com Performance Data and Typical Characteristic Curves Figure 3 through Figure 26 present typical performance curves for LM3447-A19-120VEVM. 7.1 Efficiency Efficiency vs Line Voltage 89.00 Efficiency (%) 87.00 85.00 83.00 81.00 79.00 77.00 75.00 90 100 110 120 130 140 Input voltage (VAC) Figure 3. LM3447-A19-120VEVM Efficiency 7.2 Power Factor Input voltage vs. PF 1 Power Factor 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.9 90 100 110 120 130 140 Input voltage (VAC) Figure 4. LM3447-A19-120VEVM Power Factor vs Line Voltage 8 LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback Performance Data and Typical Characteristic Curves www.ti.com 7.3 Line Regulation Line Regulation 15 Input Power (W) 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 90 100 110 120 130 140 Input voltage (VAC) Figure 5. LM3447-A19-120VEVM Input Power Regulation Line Regulation Output current (mA) 325 315 305 295 285 275 265 255 245 235 225 90 100 110 120 130 140 Input voltage (VAC) Figure 6. LM3447-A19-120VEVM LED Current Regulation SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated 9 Performance Data and Typical Characteristic Curves 7.4 www.ti.com Input Current THD Ithd% vs. Input voltage 15 14 13 Ithd%) 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 90 100 110 120 130 140 Input Voltage (VAC) Figure 7. LM3447-A19-120VEVM- Ithd % vs Line Voltage 7.5 Output Ripple Figure 8. Output Ripple (Ch1 - LED current Ch2 - rectified line voltage Ch4- line current 200 mA/div) 10 LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback Performance Data and Typical Characteristic Curves www.ti.com 7.6 Switch Node Voltage Valley Switching Figure 9. Switch Node Waveform (Ch1 - LED current Ch2- switch node Ch3 - rectified line voltage) 7.7 Triac Dimmer LED Current vs Conduction Angle Turn-on angle vs. Iout 300 250 Iout (mA) 200 150 100 50 0 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 145 165 Turn-on angle (degrees) Figure 10. LED Current vs Conduction Angle SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated 11 Performance Data and Typical Characteristic Curves 7.8 www.ti.com Turn-On Angle vs Input Power Turn-on angle vs. Total Input Power Total Input Power (W) 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00 5 55 105 155 Turn-on angle (degrees) Figure 11. Turn-On Angle vs. Input Power 7.9 Input/Output Current and Line Voltage Waveforms vs. Dimmer Setting Figure 12. Dimmer Full (Ch4- LED current Ch3 - rectified line voltage Ch1 – line current) 12 LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback Performance Data and Typical Characteristic Curves www.ti.com Figure 13. Dimmer 8 ms (Ch4- LED current Ch3 - rectified line voltage Ch1 – line current) Figure 14. Dimmer 7 ms (Ch4- LED current Ch3 - rectified line voltage Ch1 – line current) SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated 13 Performance Data and Typical Characteristic Curves www.ti.com Figure 15. Dimmer 6 ms (Ch4- LED current Ch3 - rectified line voltage Ch1 – line current) Figure 16. Dimmer 5 ms (Ch4- LED current Ch3 - rectified line voltage Ch1 – line current) 14 LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback Performance Data and Typical Characteristic Curves www.ti.com Figure 17. Dimmer 4 ms (Ch4- LED current Ch3 - rectified line voltage Ch1 – line current) Figure 18. Dimmer 3 ms (Ch4- LED current Ch3 - rectified line voltage Ch1 – line current) SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated 15 Performance Data and Typical Characteristic Curves www.ti.com Figure 19. Dimmer 2.0 ms (Ch4- LED current Ch3 - rectified line voltage Ch1 – line current) 7.10 Current Sense Waveform Figure 20. Current Sense Waveform (Ch4- LED current Ch2 - rectified line voltage Ch3 –R11 Current Sense) 16 LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback Performance Data and Typical Characteristic Curves www.ti.com 7.11 LED Open and Short Circuit Waveforms Figure 21. Pre-Open Circuit Waveforms (Ch4- LED current Ch2- LED voltage Ch1 – line current) Figure 22. Open Circuit Waveforms (Ch4- LED current Ch2- LED voltage Ch1 – line current) SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated 17 Performance Data and Typical Characteristic Curves www.ti.com Figure 23. Open Circuit Waveforms (Ch4- LED current Ch2 - line voltage Ch1 – line current) Figure 24. Pre-Short Circuit Waveforms (Ch4- LED current Ch2 - rectified line voltage Ch1 – line current) 18 LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback Performance Data and Typical Characteristic Curves www.ti.com Figure 25. Short Circuit Waveforms (Ch4- LED current Ch2 - rectified line voltage Ch1 – line current) Figure 26. Short Circuit Waveforms (Ch4- LED current Ch2- LED voltage Ch1 – line current) SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated 19 Performance Data and Typical Characteristic Curves www.ti.com 7.12 EMI Plot Figure 27. EMI Plot 20 LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback Performance Data and Typical Characteristic Curves www.ti.com 7.13 Transformer Specification PRI 127 - 191VDC 70kHz SEC 30VDC, 280mADC AUX 15VDC, 20mADC ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS @ 25°C unless otherwise noted: D.C. RESISTANCE (@20°C ): -1 3 , 2.90 Ohms ±10%. 5-4 , 0.320 Ohms ±10%. 7-6 , 0.345 Ohms ±10%. DIELECTRIC RATING: 000VAC, 3 1 minute tested by applying 3750VAC for 1 second between pins 3-7(tie 1+5). INDUCTANCE: .30mH ±10%, 70kHz, 1 100mVAC, 0mADC, 3-1, Ls. SATURATION CURRENT: BDmADC T saturating current that causes 20% rolloff from initial inductance. LEAKAGE INDUCTANCE: 0µH3max., 100kHz, 100mVAC, 3-1(tie 4+5, 6+7), Ls. TURNS RATIO: 3-1 ):( 5-4 ), ( (8.35 ):(1.00), ±2%. ( 3-1 ):( 7-6 ), ( 4.18 ):(1.00), ±2%. ( 3-2 ):( 2-1 ), ( 1 ):(1.00), ±2%. OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE: -40°C to +125°C includ ing temp rise. Designed to comply with the following requirements as defined by IEC60950-1, EN60950-1, UL60950-1/CSA60950-1 and AS/NZS60950.1: - Reinforced insulation for a primary circuit at a working voltage of 200VDC. Wire insulation & RoHS status not affected by wire color. Wire insulation color may vary depending on availability. WE-Midcom, Inc. Watertown, SD USA Toll Free: 800-643-2661 Fax: 605-886-4486 This drawing is dual dimensioned. Dimensions is brackets are in millimeters Unless otherwise specified, tolerances are as follows: Angles: ±1° Fractions: ±1/64 Decimals:±.005(.127mm) WE-Midcom, Inc. Drawing Title rawing Number ev. R D Transformer Revisions: See Sheet 1 Engineer:EJK 750813049 00 Scale ---- pec S Sheet 1 of 1 03/21/2012 Figure 28. Transformer Specification SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated 21 EVM Assembly Drawing and PCB Layout 8 www.ti.com EVM Assembly Drawing and PCB Layout The following figures (Figure 29 through Figure 32) show the design of the LM3447EVM-128 printed circuit board. Figure 29. LM3447-A19-120VEVM Top Layer Copper (top view) Figure 30. LM3447-A19-120VEVM Bottom Layer Copper (bottom view) 22 LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback EVM Assembly Drawing and PCB Layout www.ti.com Figure 31. LM3447-A19-120VEVM Top Assembly Drawing (top view) Figure 32. LM3447-A19-120VEVM Bottom Assembly Drawing (bottom view) SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated 23 List of Materials 9 www.ti.com List of Materials The EVM components list according to the schematic shown in Figure 1. Table 3. LM3447-A19-120VEVM List of Materials QTY DESCRIPTION MFR PART NUMBER C10,C11 Capacitor ceramic, 0.1 µF, 16 V, 603 STD STD 1 C12 Capacitor ceramic, 10 µF, 6.3 V, 805 STD STD 1 C6 Capacitor ceramic, 1.0 µF, 1210 STD STD 1 C7 Capacitor, 1000 pF, X1Y1, 250 VAC TDK CD85E2GA102MYNS 1 C2 Capacitor film, 10 nF, 310 VAC, X2 Vishay/BC BFC233820103 1 C5 Capacitor aluminum, 470 µF 50V Vishay/BC MAL214651471E3 1 C4 Capacitor, 305 VAC, 33 nF Epcos B32921C3333M 1 C1 Capacitor, 0.1 µF, leaded, 305 VAC Epcos B32921C3104M189 1 C3 Capacitor, 0.22 µF, 250 V Vishay FK20X7R2E224K 1 D2 Bridge rectifier, 400 V, 0.8 A, HD04 Diodes, Inc HD04 2 D5, D6 Diode, small signal, 250 mA, SOD-323 Micro Commercial BAV19WS-TP 1 D3 Diode, SMD ultrafast rectifier 1 A, 600 V Micro Commercial UFM15PL-TP 1 D4 Diode, super fast rectifier, Diodes, Inc ES1D 1 D7 Diode, Zener, 3.9 V, 200 mW, SOD-323 On Semi MM3Z23V9T1G 1 D1 Diode, SMT TVS 400 W, 160 V Littlefuse SMAJ160A 1 F1 Fuse, slow, 250 VAC, 2 A, radial Bel Fuse inc RST2 2 L1,L2 Inductor, EMI, 140 mA, 3.3 mH TDK TSL0808RA333KR17-P 1 MOV1 MOV, VMAX, 242 VDC, VMIN 198 VDC Littelfuse Inc V140LA2P 1 R14 Resistor, chip, 10 Ω, 1/16 W, 603 STD STD 1 R13 Resistor, chip, 118 kΩ, 1/16 W, 603 STD STD 1 R9 Resistor, chip, 220 kΩ, 1/16 W, 603 STD STD 1 R10 Resistor, chip, 23.7 kΩ, 1/16 W, 603 STD STD 1 R12 Resistor, chip, 280 kΩ, 1/16W, 603 STD STD 2 R3,R4 Resistor, chip, 430 kΩ, 0.25 W, 1% Vishay Dale HVR2500004303F, R500 1 R1 Resistor, Fusible, 22 Ω, 2 W, 5% EMC-22RKI Welwyn 1 R7 Resistor, chip, 10 Ω, 1/10 W, ±5% 805 STD STD 1 R5 Resistor, chip, 100 Ω, 1/10 W, ±5% 805 STD STD 1 R8 Resistor, chip, 5.1 kΩ, 1/10 W, ±5% 805 STD STD R15,R16 Resistor, chip, 10 kΩ, 1/4 W, ± 5% 1206 STD STD 1 R6 Resistor, chip, 22 kΩ, 1/4 W, ±5% 1206 STD STD 1 R11 Resistor, chip, 0.2 Ω, 1/2 W, 1210 Vishay Dale RCWL1210R200JNE A 1 R8 Resistor, chip, 470 Ω, 1.5 W, 5%, 2512 Vishay Dale CRCW2512470RJ, NEGHP 1 RT1 "Thermistor, NTC, 100 kΩ, 0805 Murata NCP21WF104J03RA 1 Q2 MOSFET, N-channel, 650 V, 7 A, 600 mΩ, DPAK ST Micro STD8N65M5 1 Q1 MOSFET, 450 V, 600 mA, 2 W ST Micro STQ3N45K3-AP 1 U1 Dimmable LED Controller TSSOP TI LM3447MT T1 EE16, 1.3 mH, 4.17:1 Wurth 750813049 DNP 24 REFDES 2 LM3447-A19-120VEVM is a Phase-Dimmable, Primary-Side Regulated LED Driver Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated SLUU937 – May 2012 Submit Documentation Feedback Evaluation Board/Kit Important Notice Texas Instruments (TI) provides the enclosed product(s) under the following conditions: This evaluation board/kit is intended for use for ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT, DEMONSTRATION, OR EVALUATION PURPOSES ONLY and is not considered by TI to be a finished end-product fit for general consumer use. 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TI assumes no liability for applications assistance, customer product design, software performance, or infringement of patents or services described herein. Please read the User’s Guide and, specifically, the Warnings and Restrictions notice in the User’s Guide prior to handling the product. This notice contains important safety information about temperatures and voltages. For additional information on TI’s environmental and/or safety programs, please contact the TI application engineer or visit www.ti.com/esh. No license is granted under any patent right or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any machine, process, or combination in which such TI products or services might be or are used. FCC Warning This evaluation board/kit is intended for use for ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT, DEMONSTRATION, OR EVALUATION PURPOSES ONLY and is not considered by TI to be a finished end-product fit for general consumer use. It generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and has not been tested for compliance with the limits of computing devices pursuant to part 15 of FCC rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against radio frequency interference. Operation of this equipment in other environments may cause interference with radio communications, in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct this interference. EVM Warnings and Restrictions It is important to operate this EVM within the input voltage range of 90 VAC to 135 VAC and the output voltage range of 26 VDC to 34 VDC. Exceeding the specified input range may cause unexpected operation and/or irreversible damage to the EVM. If there are questions concerning the input range, please contact a TI field representative prior to connecting the input power. Applying loads outside of the specified output range may result in unintended operation and/or possible permanent damage to the EVM. Please consult the EVM User's Guide prior to connecting any load to the EVM output. If there is uncertainty as to the load specification, please contact a TI field representative. During normal operation, some circuit components may have case temperatures greater than 90°C. The EVM is designed to operate properly with certain components above 90°C as long as the input and output ranges are maintained. These components include but are not limited to linear regulators, switching transistors, pass transistors, and current sense resistors. These types of devices can be identified using the EVM schematic located in the EVM User's Guide. When placing measurement probes near these devices during operation, please be aware that these devices may be very warm to the touch. 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