SM73308 SM73308 Low Offset, Low Noise, RRO Operational Amplifier Literature Number: SNOSB90A SM73308 Low Offset, Low Noise, RRO Operational Amplifier General Description Features The SM73308 is a Single low noise precision operational amplifier intended for use in a wide range of applications. Other important characteristics include: an extended operating temperature range of −40°C to 125°C, the tiny SC70-5 package, and low input bias current. The extended temperature range of −40°C to 125°C allows the SM73308 to accommodate a broad range of applications. The SM73308 expands National Semiconductor’s Silicon Dust™ amplifier portfolio offering enhancements in size, speed, and power savings. The SM73308 is guaranteed to operate over the voltage range of 2.7V to 5.0V and has railto-rail output. The SM73308 is designed for precision, low noise, low voltage, and miniature systems. This amplifier provides rail-to-rail output swing into heavy loads. The maximum input offset is 850 μV at room temperature and the input common mode voltage range includes ground. The SM73308 is offered in the tiny SC70-5 package. (Unless otherwise noted, typical values at VS = 2.7V) ■ Renewable Energy Grade ■ Guaranteed 2.7V and 5V specifications 850μV (limit) ■ Maximum VOS ■ Voltage noise 12.5nV/√Hz — f = 100 Hz 7.5nV/√Hz — f = 10 kHz ■ Rail-to-Rail output swing 100mV from rail — RL = 600Ω 50mV from rail — RL = 2kΩ 100dB ■ Open loop gain with RL = 2kΩ 0 to V+ −0.9V ■ VCM 550µA ■ Supply current 3.5MHz ■ Gain bandwidth product −40°C to 125°C ■ Temperature range Applications ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Connection Diagram Transducer amplifier Instrumentation amplifier Precision current sensing Data acquisition systems Active filters and buffers Sample and hold Portable/battery powered electronics Automotive Instrumentation Amplifier SC70-5 30155567 Top View 30155536 Silicon Dust™ is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. © 2011 National Semiconductor Corporation 301555 www.national.com SM73308 Low Offset, Low Noise, RRO Operational Amplifier June 1, 2011 SM73308 Mounting Temperture Infrared or Convection (20 sec) Wave Soldering Lead Temp (10 sec) Storage Temperature Range Junction Temperature (Note 5) Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. ESD Tolerance (Note 2) Machine Model Human Body Model Differential Input Voltage Voltage at Input Pins Current at Input Pins Supply Voltage (V+–V −) Output Short Circuit to V+ Output Short Circuit to V− 200V 2000V ± Supply Voltage (V+) + 0.3V, (V–) – 0.3V ±10 mA 5.75V (Note 3) (Note 4) Operating Ratings 235°C 260°C −65°C to 150°C 150°C (Note 1) Supply Voltage Temperature Range 2.7V to 5.5V −40°C to 125°C Thermal Resistance (θJA) 440 °C/W 2.7V DC Electrical Characteristics (Note 11) Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TA = 25°C. V+ = 2.7V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and RL > 1MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. Symbol Parameter VOS Input Offset Voltage TCVOS Input Offset Voltage Average Drift Condition Min (Note 7) Typ (Note 6) Max (Note 7) Units 0.3 0.85 1.0 mV −0.45 100 250 pA 0.004 100 pA 550 900 910 µA IB Input Bias Current (Note 8) IOS Input Offset Current (Note 8) IS Supply Current CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio 0.5 ≤ VCM ≤ 1.2V 74 72 80 PSSR Power Supply Rejection Ratio 2.7V ≤ V+ ≤ 5V 82 76 90 VCM Input Common-Mode Voltage Range For CMRR ≥ 50dB 0 92 80 AV RL = 600Ω to 1.35V, VO = 0.2V to 2.5V 100 Large Signal Voltage Gain (Note 9) RL = 2kΩ to 1.35V, VO = 0.2V to 2.5V 98 86 100 RL = 600Ω to 1.35V VIN = ± 100mV 0.11 0.14 0.084 to 2.62 2.59 2.56 RL = 2kΩ to 1.35V VIN = ± 100mV 0.05 0.06 0.026 to 2.68 2.65 2.64 Sourcing, VO = 0V VIN = 100mV 18 11 24 Sinking, VO = 2.7V VIN = −100mV 18 11 22 VO IO Output Swing Output Short Circuit Current www.national.com VCM = 1V µV/°C −0.1 2 dB dB 1.8 V dB V mA (Note 11) Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TA = 25°C. V+ = 5.0V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and RL > 1MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. Symbol Parameter SR Slew Rate (Note 10) GBW Φm Conditions Min (Note 7) Typ (Note 6) Max (Note 7) Units 1.4 V/µs Gain-Bandwidth Product 3.5 MHz Phase Margin 79 Deg Gm Gain Margin −15 dB en Input-Referred Voltage Noise (Flatband) f = 10kHz 7.5 nV/ en Input-Referred Voltage Noise (l/f) f = 100Hz 12.5 nV/ in Input-Referred Current Noise f = 1kHz 0.001 pA/ THD Total Harmonic Distortion AV = +1, RL = 10 kΩ f = 1kHz, AV = +1 0.007 RL = 600Ω, VIN = 1 VPP % 5.0V DC Electrical Characteristics (Note 11) Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TA = 25°C. V+ = 5.0V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and RL > 1MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. Symbol Parameter Condition Min (Note 7) Typ (Note 6) Max (Note 7) Units 0.25 0.85 1.0 mV VOS Input Offset Voltage TCVOS Input Offset Voltage Average Drift IB Input Bias Current (Note 8) IOS Input Offset Current (Note 8) IS Supply Current CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio 0.5 ≤ VCM ≤ 3.5V 80 79 90 PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio 2.7V ≤ V+ ≤ 5V 82 76 90 VCM Input Common-Mode Voltage Range For CMRR ≥ 50dB 0 RL = 600Ω to 2.5V, VO = 0.2V to 4.8V 92 89 100 RL = 2kΩ to 2.5V, VO = 0.2V to 4.8V 98 95 100 RL = 600Ω to 2.5V VIN = ± 100mV 0.15 0.23 0.112 to 4.9 4.85 4.77 RL = 2kΩ to 2.5V VIN = ± 100mV 0.06 0.07 0.035 to 4.97 4.94 4.93 35 35 75 35 35 66 AV Large Signal Voltage Gain (Note 9) −0.35 VCM = 1V VO Output Swing IO Sourcing, VO = 0V Output Short Circuit Current (Note VIN = 100mV 8, Note 12) Sinking, VO = 2.7V VIN = −100mV 3 µV/°C −0.23 100 250 pA 0.017 100 pA 600 950 960 µA dB dB 4.1 V dB V mA www.national.com SM73308 2.7V AC Electrical Characteristics SM73308 5.0V AC Electrical Characteristics (Note 11) Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TA = 25°C. V+ = 5.0V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and RL > 1MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. Symbol Parameter SR Slew Rate (Note 10) GBW Φm Conditions Min (Note 7) Typ (Note 6) Max (Note 7) Units 1.4 V/µs Gain-Bandwidth Product 3.5 MHz Phase Margin 79 Deg Gm Gain Margin −15 dB en Input-Referred Voltage Noise (Flatband) f = 10kHz 6.5 nV/ en Input-Referred Voltage Noise (l/f) f = 100Hz 12 nV/ in Input-Referred Current Noise f = 1kHz 0.001 pA/ THD Total Harmonic Distortion AV = +1, RL = 10 kΩ f = 1kHz, AV = +1 RL = 600Ω, VIN = 1 VPP 0.007 % Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but specific performance is not guaranteed. For guaranteed specifications and the test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. Note 2: Human Body Model is 1.5 kΩ in series with 100 pF. Machine Model is 0Ω in series with 20 pF. Note 3: Shorting output to V+ will adversely affect reliability. Note 4: Shorting output to V− will adversely affect reliability. Note 5: The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(MAX) , θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(MAX)–T A) / θJA. All numbers apply for packages soldered directly into a PC board. Note 6: Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm. Note 7: All limits are guaranteed by testing or statistical analysis. Note 8: Limits guaranteed by design. Note 9: RL is connected to mid-supply. The output voltage is set at 200mV from the rails. VO = GND + 0.2V and VO = V+ −0.2V Note 10: The number specified is the slower of positive and negative slew rates. Note 11: Electrical Table values apply only for factory testing conditions at the temperature indicated. Factory testing conditions result in very limited self-heating of the device such that TJ = TA. Note 12: Continuous operation of the device with an output short circuit current larger than 35mA may cause permanent damage to the device. www.national.com 4 SM73308 Connection Diagram SC70-5 30155567 Top View Ordering Information Package Part Number SC70-5 SM73308MGX Package Marking SM73308MG Transport Media NSC Drawing 1k Units Tape and Reel S08 SM73308MGE 3k Units Tape and Reel MAA05A 250 Units Tape and Reel 5 www.national.com SM73308 Typical Performance Characteristics VOS vs. VCM Over Temperature VOS vs. VCM Over Temperature 30155526 30155527 Output Swing vs. VS Output Swing vs. VS 30155525 30155524 Output Swing vs. VS IS vs. VS Over Temperature 30155530 30155523 www.national.com 6 SM73308 VIN vs. VOUT VIN vs. VOUT 30155528 30155529 Sourcing Current vs. VOUT (Note 12) Sourcing Current vs. VOUT (Note 12) 30155531 30155564 Sinking Current vs. VOUT (Note 12) Sinking Current vs. VOUT (Note 12) 30155532 30155563 7 www.national.com SM73308 Input Voltage Noise vs. Frequency Input Bias Current Over Temperature 30155508 30155535 Input Bias Current Over Temperature Input Bias Current Over Temperature 30155534 30155533 THD+N vs. Frequency THD+N vs. VOUT 30155507 www.national.com 30155566 8 Open Loop Frequency Response Over Temperature 30155501 30155502 Open Loop Frequency Response Open Loop Frequency Response 30155503 30155504 Open Loop Gain & Phase with Cap. Loading Open Loop Gain & Phase with Cap. Loading 30155505 30155506 9 www.national.com SM73308 Slew Rate vs. Supply Voltage SM73308 Non-Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response Non-Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response 30155517 30155511 Non-Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response Non-Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response 30155510 30155516 Non-Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response Non-Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response 30155515 www.national.com 30155509 10 Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response 30155519 30155514 Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response 30155520 30155513 Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response 30155518 30155512 11 www.national.com SM73308 Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response SM73308 Stability vs. VCM Stability vs. VCM 30155521 30155522 PSRR vs. Frequency CMRR vs. Frequency 30155565 30155568 www.national.com 12 SM73308 By Ohm’s Law: Application Note SM73308 The SM73308 is a precision amplifier with very low noise and ultra low offset voltage. SM73308's extended temperature range of −40°C to 125°C enables the user to design a variety of applications including automotive. The SM73308 has a maximum offset voltage of 1mV over the extended temperature range. This makes the SM73308 ideal for applications where precision is important. (2) However: (3) INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER Measurement of very small signals with an amplifier requires close attention to the input impedance of the amplifier, gain of the overall signal on the inputs, and the gain on each input since we are only interested in the difference of the two inputs and the common signal is considered noise. A classic solution is an instrumentation amplifier. Instrumentation amplifiers have a finite, accurate, and stable gain. Also they have extremely high input impedances and very low output impedances. Finally they have an extremely high CMRR so that the amplifier can only respond to the differential signal. A typical instrumentation amplifier is shown in Figure 1. So we have: (4) Now looking at the output of the instrumentation amplifier: (5) Substituting from Equation 4: (6) This shows the gain of the instrumentation amplifier to be: −K(2a+1) Typical values for this circuit can be obtained by setting: a = 12 and K= 4. This results in an overall gain of −100. Figure 2 shows typical CMRR characteristics of this Instrumentation amplifier over frequency. Three SM73308 amplifiers are used along with 1% resistors to minimize resistor mismatch. Resistors used to build the circuit are: R1 = 21.6kΩ, R11 = 1.8kΩ, R2 = 2.5kΩ with K = 40 and a = 12. This results in an overall gain of −1000, −K(2a+1) = −1000. 30155536 FIGURE 1. Instrumentation Amplifier There are two stages in this amplifier. The last stage, output stage, is a differential amplifier. In an ideal case the two amplifiers of the first stage, input stage, would be set up as buffers to isolate the inputs. However they cannot be connected as followers because of real amplifier's mismatch. That is why there is a balancing resistor between the two. The product of the two stages of gain will give the gain of the instrumentation amplifier. Ideally, the CMRR should be infinite. However the output stage has a small non-zero common mode gain which results from resistor mismatch. In the input stage of the circuit, current is the same across all resistors. This is due to the high input impedance and low input bias current of the SM73308. With the node equations we have: 30155573 FIGURE 2. CMRR vs. Frequency (1) 13 www.national.com SM73308 Now, substituting ω=2πf, so that the calculations are in f(Hz) and not ω(rad/s), and setting the DC gain HO = −R2/R1 and H = VO/Vi ACTIVE FILTER Active filters are circuits with amplifiers, resistors, and capacitors. The use of amplifiers instead of inductors, which are used in passive filters, enhances the circuit performance while reducing the size and complexity of the filter. The simplest active filters are designed using an inverting op amp configuration where at least one reactive element has been added to the configuration. This means that the op amp will provide "frequency-dependent" amplification, since reactive elements are frequency dependent devices. (10) Set: fo = 1/(2πR1C) (11) LOW PASS FILTER The following shows a very simple low pass filter. Low pass filters are known as lossy integrators because they only behave as an integrator at higher frequencies. Just by looking at the transfer function one can predict the general form of the bode plot. When the f/fO ratio is small, the capacitor is in effect an open circuit and the amplifier behaves at a set DC gain. Starting at fO, −3dB corner, the capacitor will have the dominant impedance and hence the circuit will behave as an integrator and the signal will be attenuated and eventually cut. The bode plot for this filter is shown in the following picture: 30155547 FIGURE 3. Lowpass Filter The transfer function can be expressed as follows: By KCL: (7) Simplifying this further results in: 30155553 FIGURE 4. Lowpass Filter Transfer Function (8) or (9) www.national.com 14 SM73308 HIGH PASS FILTER In a similar approach, one can derive the transfer function of a high pass filter. A typical first order high pass filter is shown below: 30155558 30155554 FIGURE 6. Highpass Filter Transfer Function FIGURE 5. Highpass FIlter BAND PASS FILTER Writing the KCL for this circuit : (V1 denotes the voltage between C and R1) (12) (13) Solving these two equations to find the transfer function and using: 30155560 FIGURE 7. Bandpass Filter (high frequency gain) Combining a low pass filter and a high pass filter will generate a band pass filter. In this network the input impedance forms the high pass filter while the feedback impedance forms the low pass filter. Choosing the corner frequencies so that f1 < f2, then all the frequencies in between, f1 ≤ f ≤ f2, will pass through the filter while frequencies below f1 and above f2 will be cut off. The transfer function can be easily calculated using the same methodology as before. and Which results: (14) Looking at the transfer function, it is clear that when f/fO is small, the capacitor is open and hence no signal is getting in to the amplifier. As the frequency increases the amplifier starts operating. At f = fO the capacitor behaves like a short circuit and the amplifier will have a constant, high frequency, gain of HO. Figure 6 shows the transfer function of this high pass filter: (15) Where The transfer function is presented in the following figure. 15 www.national.com SM73308 30155562 FIGURE 8. Bandpass filter Transfer Function STATE VARIABLE ACTIVE FILTER State variable active filters are circuits that can simultaneously represent high pass, band pass, and low pass filters. The state variable active filter uses three separate amplifiers to achieve this task. A typical state variable active filter is shown in Figure 9. The first amplifier in the circuit is connected as a gain stage. The second and third amplifiers are connected as integrators, which means they behave as low pass filters. The feedback path from the output of the third amplifier to the first amplifier enables this low frequency signal to be fed back with a finite and fairly low closed loop gain. This is while the high frequency signal on the input is still gained up by the open loop gain of the 1st amplifier. This makes the first amplifier a high pass filter. The high pass signal is then fed into a low pass filter. The outcome is a band pass signal, meaning the second amplifier is a band pass filter. This signal is then fed into the third amplifiers input and so, the third amplifier behaves as a simple low pass filter. 30155581 For A1 the relationship between input and output is: This relationship depends on the output of all the filters. The input-output relationship for A2 can be expressed as: And finally this relationship for A3 is as follows: Re-arranging these equations, one can find the relationship between VO and VIN (transfer function of the lowpass filter), VO1 and VIN (transfer function of the highpass filter), and VO2 and VIN (transfer function of the bandpass filter) These relationships are as follows: Lowpass Filter 30155574 FIGURE 9. State Variable Active Filter The transfer function of each filter needs to be calculated. The derivations will be more trivial if each stage of the filter is shown on its own. The three components are: Highpass Filter 30155580 www.national.com 16 or The center frequency and Quality Factor for all of these filters is the same. The values can be calculated in the following manner: R5 = 10R6 R6 = 1.5kΩ R5 = 15kΩ Also, for f = 10kHz, the center frequency is ωc = 2πf = 62.8kHz. Using the expressions above, the appropriate resistor values will be R2 = R3 = 16kΩ. The following graphs show the transfer function of each of the filters. The DC gain of this circuit is: A design example is shown here: Designing a bandpass filter with center frequency of 10kHz and Quality Factor of 5.5 To do this, first consider the Quality Factor. It is best to pick convenient values for the capacitors. C2 = C3 = 1000pF. Also, 30155590 17 www.national.com SM73308 choose R1 = R4 = 30kΩ. Now values of R5 and R6 need to be calculated. With the chosen values for the capacitors and resistors, Q reduces to: Bandpass Filter SM73308 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted SC70-5 NS Package Number MAA05A www.national.com 18 SM73308 19 www.national.com SM73308 Low Offset, Low Noise, RRO Operational Amplifier Notes For more National Semiconductor product information and proven design tools, visit the following Web sites at: www.national.com Products Design Support Amplifiers www.national.com/amplifiers WEBENCH® Tools www.national.com/webench Audio www.national.com/audio App Notes www.national.com/appnotes Clock and Timing www.national.com/timing Reference Designs www.national.com/refdesigns Data Converters www.national.com/adc Samples www.national.com/samples Interface www.national.com/interface Eval Boards www.national.com/evalboards LVDS www.national.com/lvds Packaging www.national.com/packaging Power Management www.national.com/power Green Compliance www.national.com/quality/green Switching Regulators www.national.com/switchers Distributors www.national.com/contacts LDOs www.national.com/ldo Quality and Reliability www.national.com/quality LED Lighting www.national.com/led Feedback/Support www.national.com/feedback Voltage References www.national.com/vref Design Made Easy www.national.com/easy www.national.com/powerwise Applications & Markets www.national.com/solutions Mil/Aero www.national.com/milaero PowerWise® Solutions Serial Digital Interface (SDI) www.national.com/sdi Temperature Sensors www.national.com/tempsensors SolarMagic™ www.national.com/solarmagic PLL/VCO www.national.com/wireless www.national.com/training PowerWise® Design University THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION (“NATIONAL”) PRODUCTS. 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