PROFET® BTS 721 L1 Smart Four Channel Highside Power Switch Features • Overload protection • Current limitation • Short-circuit protection • Thermal shutdown • Overvoltage protection (including load dump) • Fast demagnetization of inductive loads • Reverse battery protection1) • Undervoltage and overvoltage shutdown with auto-restart and hysteresis • Open drain diagnostic output • Open load detection in ON-state • CMOS compatible input • Loss of ground and loss of Vbb protection • Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection Product Summary Overvoltage Protection Operating voltage active channels: On-state resistance RON Nominal load current IL(NOM) Current limitation IL(SCr) Vbb(AZ) 43 V 5.0 ... 34 V Vbb(on) two parallel four parallel one 100 50 25 mΩ 2.9 4.3 6.3 A 8 8 8 A P-DSO-20 Application • µC compatible power switch with diagnostic feedback for 12 V and 24 V DC grounded loads • All types of resistive, inductive and capacitive loads • Replaces electromechanical relays and discrete circuits 1 P DSO 20 1 6 7 9 14 General Description N channel vertical power FET with charge pump, ground referenced CMOS compatible input and diagnostic feedback, monolithically integrated in Smart SIPMOS technology. Fully protected by embedded protection functions. Pin Definitions and Functions Pin 1,10, 11,12, 15,16, 19,20 3 5 7 9 18 17 14 13 4 8 2 6 1) Symbol Function Positive power supply voltage. Design the Vbb wiring for the simultaneous max. short circuit currents from channel 1 to 4 and also for low thermal resistance IN1 Input 1 .. 4, activates channel 1 .. 4 in case of IN2 logic high signal IN3 IN4 OUT1 Output 1 .. 4, protected high-side power output OUT2 of channel 1 .. 4. Design the wiring for the OUT3 max. short circuit current OUT4 ST1/2 Diagnostic feedback 1/2 of channel 1 and channel 2, open drain, low on failure ST3/4 Diagnostic feedback 3/4 of channel 3 and channel 4, open drain, low on failure GND1/2 Ground 1/2 of chip 1 (channel 1 and channel 2) GND3/4 Ground 3/4 of chip 2 (channel 3 and channel 4) Pin configuration (top view) Vbb GND1/2 IN1 ST1/2 IN2 GND3/4 IN3 ST3/4 IN4 Vbb 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 • 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 Vbb Vbb OUT1 OUT2 Vbb Vbb OUT3 OUT4 Vbb Vbb With external current limit (e.g. resistor RGND=150 Ω) in GND connection, resistor in series with ST connection, reverse load current limited by connected load. Data Book 604 01.07.97 PROFET® BTS 721 L1 Block diagram Four Channels; Open Load detection in on state; Voltage source Overvoltage protection Current limit 1 + V bb Gate 1 protection Leadframe Channel 1 V Logic Level shifter sensor Rectifier 1 IN1 3 IN2 5 4 Voltage Logic ESD Limit for unclamped ind. loads 1 ST1/2 Signal GND Chip 1 Current limit 2 Level shifter Rectifier 2 GND1/2 2 18 Temperature sensor 1 Open load Short to Vbb detection 1 Charge pump 1 Charge pump 2 OUT1 Gate 2 protection Limit for unclamped ind. loads 2 Open load Short to Vbb detection 2 Chip 1 Channel 2 OUT2 17 Load Temperature sensor 2 R R O1 O2 GND1/2 Load GND + V bb Leadframe Channel 3 Logic and protection circuit of chip 2 OUT3 14 (equivalent to chip 1) IN3 7 IN4 9 8 ST3/4 Channel 4 OUT4 Load GND3/4 6 PROFET Signal GND Chip 2 13 R R O3 O4 GND3/4 Chip 2 Load GND Leadframe connected to pin 1, 10, 11, 12, 15, 1 , 1 , 20 Data Book 605 01.07.97 PROFET® BTS 721 L1 Maximum Ratings at Tj = 25°C unless otherwise specified Parameter Symbol Supply voltage (overvoltage protection see page 4) 607) Supply voltage for full short circuit protection Tj,start = -40 ...+150°C 608) Load current (Short-circuit current, see page 5) 2 ) Load dump protection VLoadDump = UA + Vs, UA = 13.5 V RI3) = 2 Ω, td = 200 ms; IN = low or high, each channel loaded with RL = 4.7 Ω, Operating temperature range Storage temperature range Power dissipation (DC)5 Ta = 25°C: (all channels active) Ta = 85°C: Inductive load switch-off energy dissipation, single pulse Vbb = 12V, Tj,start = 150°C5), IL = 2.9 A, ZL = 58 mH, 0 Ω one channel: IL = 4.3 A, ZL = 58 mH, 0 Ω two parallel channels: IL = 6.3 A, ZL = 58 mH, 0 Ω four parallel channels: Vbb Vbb Values Unit 43 34 V V self-limited 60 A V Tj Tstg Ptot -40 ...+150 -55 ...+150 3.7 1.9 °C EAS 0.3 0.65 1.5 J VESD 1.0 kV -10 ... +16 ±2.0 ±5.0 V mA 15 41 34 K/W IL VLoad 4) dump W 612and andpage page11613 see diagrams on page 10 Electrostatic discharge capability (ESD) (Human Body Model) Input voltage (DC) Current through input pin (DC) Current through status pin (DC) VIN IIN IST see internal circuit diagram page 9611 Thermal resistance junction - soldering point5),6) junction - ambient5) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) each channel: one channel active: all channels active: Rthjs Rthja Supply voltages higher than Vbb(AZ) require an external current limit for the GND and status pins, e.g. with a 150 Ω resistor in the GND connection and a 15 kΩ resistor in series with the status pin. A resistor for input protection is integrated. RI = internal resistance of the load dump test pulse generator VLoad dump is setup without the DUT connected to the generator per ISO 7637-1 and DIN 40839 Device on 50mm*50mm*1.5mm epoxy PCB FR4 with 6cm2 (one layer, 70µm thick) copper area for Vbb 859 connection. PCB is vertical without blown air. See page 16 859 Soldering point: upper side of solder edge of device pin 15. See page 16 Data Book 606 01.07.97 PROFET® BTS 721 L1 Parameter and Conditions, each of the four channels Symbol at Tj = 25 °C, Vbb = 12 V unless otherwise specified Load Switching Capabilities and Characteristics On-state resistance (Vbb to OUT) IL = 2 A each channel, Tj = 25°C: RON Tj = 150°C: two parallel channels, Tj = 25°C: four parallel channels, Tj = 25°C: Nominal load current one channel active: two parallel channels active: four parallel channels active: 5) Device on PCB , Ta = 85°C, Tj ≤ 150°C Output current while GND disconnected or pulled up; Vbb = 30 V, VIN = 0, see diagram page 612 10 Turn-on time to 90% VOUT: Turn-off time to 10% VOUT: RL = 12 Ω, Tj =-40...+150°C Slew rate on 10 to 30% VOUT, RL = 12 Ω, Tj =-40...+150°C: Slew rate off 70 to 40% VOUT, RL = 12 Ω, Tj =-40...+150°C: Operating Parameters Operating voltage7) Undervoltage shutdown Undervoltage restart Tj =-40...+150°C: Tj =-40...+150°C: Tj =-40...+25°C: Tj =+150°C: Undervoltage restart of charge pump 617 see diagram page 15 Tj =-40...+150°C: Undervoltage hysteresis ∆Vbb(under) = Vbb(u rst) - Vbb(under) Overvoltage shutdown Tj =-40...+150°C: Overvoltage restart Tj =-40...+150°C: Overvoltage hysteresis Tj =-40...+150°C: 8 ) Overvoltage protection Tj =-40...+150°C: I bb = 40 mA 7) 8) Values min typ max -- Unit mΩ 85 170 100 200 2.5 3.8 5.9 43 22 2.9 4.3 6.3 50 25 -- A -- -- 10 mA ton toff 80 80 200 200 400 400 µs dV/dton 0.1 -- 1 V/µs -dV/dtoff 0.1 -- 1 V/µs Vbb(on) Vbb(under) Vbb(u rst) 5.0 3.5 -- ---- V V V Vbb(ucp) -- 5.6 34 5.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 V ∆Vbb(under) -- 0.2 -- V Vbb(over) Vbb(o rst) ∆Vbb(over) Vbb(AZ) 34 33 -42 --0.5 47 43 ---- V V V V IL(NOM) IL(GNDhigh) At supply voltage increase up to Vbb = 5.6 V typ without charge pump, VOUT ≈Vbb - 2 V see also VON(CL) in circuit diagram on page 611. 9. Data Book 607 01.07.97 PROFET® BTS 721 L1 Parameter and Conditions, each of the four channels Symbol at Tj = 25 °C, Vbb = 12 V unless otherwise specified Values min typ max Unit ---- 28 44 -- 60 70 12 µA --- 2 8 3 12 mA each channel, Tj =-40°C: IL(SCp) 11 18 25 9 14 22 Tj =25°C: 5 8 14 Tj =+150°C: two parallel channels twice the current of one channel four parallel channels four times the current of one channel Repetitive short circuit current limit, Tj = Tjt each channel IL(SCr) -8 --8 -two parallel channels -8 -four parallel channels A Standby current, all channels off Tj =25°C: Ibb(off) VIN = 0 Tj =150°C: Leakage output current (included in Ibb(off)) IL(off) VIN = 0 Operating current 9), VIN = 5V, Tj =-40...+150°C one channel on: IGND IGND = IGND1/2 + IGND3/4, four channels on: µA Protection Functions Initial peak short circuit current limit, (see timing 615) diagrams, page 13) A 615) (see timing diagrams, page 13) Initial short circuit shutdown time Tj,start =-40°C: toff(SC) Tj,start = 25°C: --- 3.8 3 --- ms -- 47 -- V 150 -- -10 --- °C K --- -610 32 -- V mV 615and andtiming timingdiagrams diagramsononpage page13) 615) (see page 12 Output clamp (inductive load switch off)10) at VON(CL) = Vbb - VOUT Thermal overload trip temperature Thermal hysteresis VON(CL) Tjt ∆Tjt Reverse Battery Reverse battery voltage 11) Drain-source diode voltage (Vout > Vbb) IL = - 2.9 A, Tj = +150°C -Vbb -VON 9) Add IST, if IST > 0 If channels are connected in parallel, output clamp is usually accomplished by the channel with the lowest VON(CL) 11) Requires a 150 Ω resistor in GND connection. The reverse load current through the intrinsic drain-source diode has to be limited by the connected load. Note that the power dissipation is higher compared to normal operating conditions due to the voltage drop across the intrinsic drain-source diode. The temperature protection is not active during reverse current operation! Input and Status currents have to be limited (see max. ratings page 606 3 and circuit page 9).611). and circuit page 10) Data Book 608 01.07.97 PROFET® BTS 721 L1 Parameter and Conditions, each of the four channels Symbol at Tj = 25 °C, Vbb = 12 V unless otherwise specified Values min typ max Diagnostic Characteristics Open load detection current, (on-condition) 20 -400 each channel, Tj = -40°C: I L (OL) 20 -300 Tj = 25°C: 20 -300 Tj = 150°C: twice the current of one channel two parallel channels four times the current of one channel four parallel channels 12 ) Tj =-40..+150°C: VOUT(OL) Open load detection voltage 2 3 4 Internal output pull down (OUT to GND), VOUT = 5 V Tj =-40..+150°C: RO 4 10 30 1 Input and Status Feedback13) Input resistance 611) (see circuit page 9) Unit mA V kΩ RI 2.5 3.5 6 kΩ VIN(T+) 1.7 -- 3.5 V VIN(T-) 1.5 -- -- V -1 0.5 -- -50 V µA 20 50 90 µA td(ST OL4) 100 320 800 µs td(ST OL5) -- 5 20 µs td(ST) -- 200 600 µs 5.4 --- 6.1 --- -0.4 0.6 V Tj =-40..+150°C: Input turn-on threshold voltage Tj =-40..+150°C: Input turn-off threshold voltage Tj =-40..+150°C: Input threshold hysteresis Off state input current VIN = 0.4 V: Tj =-40..+150°C: On state input current VIN = 5 V: Tj =-40..+150°C: Delay time for status with open load after switch off (other channel in off state) 616), (see timing diagrams, page 14 ), Tj =-40..+150°C: Delay time for status with open load after switch off (other channel in on state) 616), (see timing diagrams, page 14 ), Tj =-40..+150°C: Status invalid after positive input slope (open load) Tj =-40..+150°C: Status output (open drain) Zener limit voltage Tj =-40...+150°C, IST = +1.6 mA: ST low voltage Tj =-40...+25°C, IST = +1.6 mA: Tj = +150°C, IST = +1.6 mA: 12) 13) ∆ VIN(T) IIN(off) IIN(on) VST(high) VST(low) External pull up resistor required for open load detection in off state. If ground resistors RGND are used, add the voltage drop across these resistors. Data Book 609 01.07.97 PROFET® BTS 721 L1 Truth Table Channel 1 and 2 Channel 3 and 4 (equivalent to channel 1 and 2) Chip 1 Chip 2 IN1 IN3 IN2 IN4 OUT1 OUT3 OUT2 OUT4 L L H H L L H L H L H L H X L L H H Z Z H L H L H L H X L H X L L H L L H L H X L H X H H H Z Z H L H X L H X L X H L H X X X L L H L H X X X L H X L H X L L L L L X X L H H H L L L X X L L L ST1/2 ST3/4 BTS 721L1 Normal operation Open load Channel 1 (3) Channel 2 (4) Short circuit to Vbb Channel 1 (3) Channel 2 (4) Overtemperature both channel Channel 1 (3) Channel 2 (4) Undervoltage/ Overvoltage L = "Low" Level H = "High" Level H H H H H(L14)) H L H(L14)) H L L15) H H(L16)) L15) H H(L16)) H L L H L H L H X = don't care Z = high impedance, potential depends on external circuit Status signal valid after the time delay shown in the timing diagrams Parallel switching of channel 1 and 2 (also channel 3 and 4) is easily possible by connecting the inputs and outputs in parallel (see truth table). If switching channel 1 to 4 in parallel, the status outputs ST1/2 and ST3/4 have to be configured as a 'Wired OR' function with a single pull-up resistor. Terms V bb Ibb VON1 VON2 Leadframe I IN1 I IN2 I ST1/2 V IN1 VIN2 VST1/2 3 IN1 Vbb OUT1 5 4 IN2 PROFET Chip 1 OUT2 ST1/2 GND1/2 2 IGND1/2 R 18 I L1 17 I L2 I IN3 I IN4 I ST3/4 V OUT1 V IN3 VIN4 VST3/4 7 IN3 Vbb OUT3 9 8 IN4 PROFET Chip 2 OUT4 ST3/4 GND3/4 6 VOUT2 I GND3/4 R GND1/2 V ON3 VON4 Leadframe 14 I L3 13 I L4 V OUT3 VOUT4 GND3/4 Leadframe (Vbb) is connected to pin 1,10,11,12,15,16,19,20 External RGND optional; two resistors RGND1/2 ,RGND3/4 = 150 Ω or a single resistor RGND = 75 Ω for reverse battery protection up to the max. operating voltage. 14) With additional external pull up resistor An external short of output to Vbb in the off state causes an internal current from output to ground. If RGND is used, an offset voltage at the GND and ST pins will occur and the VST low signal may be errorious. 16) Low resistance to V may be detected by no-load-detection bb 15) Data Book 610 01.07.97 PROFET® BTS 721 L1 Input circuit (ESD protection), IN1...4 Overvoltage protection of logic part GND1/2 or GND3/4 R IN + V bb I I I V RI IN ESD-ZD I Z2 IN Logic GND ST R ST V ESD zener diodes are not to be used as voltage clamp at DC conditions. Operation in this mode may result in a drift of the zener voltage (increase of up to 1 V). GND R GND Signal GND Status output, ST1/2 or ST3/4 VZ1 = 6.1 V typ., VZ2 = 47 V typ., RI = 3.5 kΩ typ., RGND = 150 Ω +5V R ST(ON) Z1 Reverse battery protection ST ± 5V ESDZD GND - Vbb R ST IN ESD-Zener diode: 6.1 V typ., max 5.0 mA; RST(ON) < 380 Ω at 1.6 mA, ESD zener diodes are not to be used as voltage clamp at DC conditions. Operation in this mode may result in a drift of the zener voltage (increase of up to 1 V). RI Logic ST OUT Power Inverse Diode GND RGND Inductive and overvoltage output clamp, OUT1...4 Signal GND +Vbb RL Power GND RGND = 150 Ω, RI = 3.5 kΩ typ, Temperature protection is not active during inverse current operation. VZ VON OUT PROFET Power GND VON clamped to VON(CL) = 47 V typ. Data Book 611 01.07.97 PROFET® BTS 721 L1 Open-load detection, OUT1...4 ON-state diagnostic condition: GND disconnect with GND pull up (channel 1/2 or 3/4) VON < RON·IL(OL); IN high + V bb V Vbb IN2 PROFET ST GND OUT1 IN1 V VON ON IN1 OUT2 IN2 OUT Open load detection Logic unit V V bb V ST GND Any kind of load. If VGND > VIN - VIN(T+) device stays off Due to VGND > 0, no VST = low signal available. OFF-state diagnostic condition: VOUT > 3 V typ.; IN low Vbb disconnect with energized inductive load R EXT V IN2 PROFET ST GND OUT1 Open load detection R OUT2 OUT O V Signal GND bb For an inductive load current up to the limit defined by EAS (max. ratings see page 3606 and diagram on page 11) 613) each switch is protected against loss of Vbb. GND disconnect Consider at your PCB layout that in the case of Vbb disconnection with energized inductive load the whole load current flows through the GND connection. (channel 1/2 or 3/4) V Vbb high OFF Logic unit IN1 Ibb bb IN1 Vbb IN2 PROFET ST GND OUT1 OUT2 V V V IN1 IN2 ST V GND Any kind of load. In case of IN = high is VOUT ≈ VIN - VIN(T+). Due to VGND > 0, no VST = low signal available. Data Book 612 01.07.97 PROFET® BTS 721 L1 Inductive load switch-off energy dissipation E bb E AS ELoad Vbb IN OUT PROFET = L ST EL GND ZL { R ER L Energy stored in load inductance: 2 EL = 1/2·L·I L While demagnetizing load inductance, the energy dissipated in PROFET is EAS= Ebb + EL - ER= VON(CL)·iL(t) dt, with an approximate solution for RL > 0 Ω: EAS= IL· L (V + |VOUT(CL)|) 2·RL bb ln (1+ |V IL·RL OUT(CL)| ) Maximum allowable load inductance for a single switch off (one channel)5) L = f (IL ); Tj,start = 150°C, Vbb = 12 V, RL = 0 Ω L [mH] 10000 1000 100 10 1 1 Data Book 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IL [A] 613 01.07.97 PROFET® BTS 721 L1 Typ. on-state resistance Typ. standby current RON = f (Vbb,Tj ); IL = 2 A, IN = high Ibb(off) = f (Tj ); Vbb = 9...34 V, IN1...4 = low RON [mOhm] 300 Ibb(off) [µA] 60 250 50 200 40 Tj = 150°C 150 30 85°C 25°C 100 20 -40°C 50 10 0 0 10 20 30 0 -50 40 0 50 100 150 Vbb [V] 200 Tj [°C] Typ. open load detection current Typ. initial short circuit shutdown time IL(OL) = f (Vbb,Tj ); IN = high toff(SC) = f (Tj,start ); Vbb =12 V IL(OL) [mA] 220 toff(SC) [msec] 4 200 -40°C no-load detection not specified for V bb < 6 V 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 3.5 3 25°C 2.5 2 85°C Tj = 150°C 1.5 1 40 0.5 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Vbb [V] Data Book 614 0 -50 0 50 100 150 200 Tj,start [°C] 01.07.97 PROFET® BTS 721 L1 Timing diagrams Timing diagrams are shown for chip 1 (channel 1/2). For chip 2 (channel 3/4) the diagrams are valid too. The channels 1 and 2, respectively 3 and 4, are symmetric and consequently the diagrams are valid for each channel as well as for permuted channels Figure 1a: Vbb turn on: IN1 Figure 2b: Switching an inductive load IN IN2 t d(ST) ST V bb *) V V OUT OUT1 V OUT2 IL I L(OL) ST open drain t t *) if the time constant of load is too large, open-load-status may occur Figure 2a: Switching a lamp: Figure 3a: Turn on into short circuit: shut down by overtemperature, restart by cooling IN other channel: normal IN1 ST I L1 I V OUT L(SCp) I L(SCr) I L t off(SC) ST t t The initial peak current should be limited by the lamp and not by the initial short circuit current IL(SCp) = 14 A typ. of the device. Data Book Heating up of the chip may require several milliseconds, depending 614) on external conditions (toff(SC) vs. Tj,start see page 12) 615 01.07.97 PROFET® BTS 721 L1 Figure 3b: Turn on into short circuit: shut down by overtemperature, restart by cooling (two parallel switched channels 1 and 2) Figure 5a: Open load: detection in ON-state, open load occurs in on-state IN1 IN1/2 IN2 I +I L1 channel 2: normal L2 I L(SCp) VOUT1 I L(SCr) channel 1: open normal load load IL1 t off(SC) t d(ST OL1) t d(ST OL2) ST1/2 open load t d(ST OL1) t d(ST OL2) ST t t td(ST OL1) = 30 µs typ., td(ST OL2) = 20 µs typ Figure 5b: Open load: detection in ON-state, turn on/off to open load Figure 4a: Overtemperature: Reset if Tj <Tjt IN1 IN IN2 channel 2: normal operation ST V OUT1 V OUT I L1 channel 1: open load T J t d(ST) t d(ST OL4) t d(ST) t d(ST OL5) ST t t The status delay time td(STOL4) allows to distinguish between the failure modes "open load in ON-state" and "overtemperature". Data Book 616 01.07.97 PROFET® BTS 721 L1 Figure 5c: Open load: detection in ON- and OFF-state (with REXT), turn on/off to open load VON(CL) V on IN1 IN2 Figure 6b: Undervoltage restart of charge pump channel 2: normal operation offstate V OUT1 I L1 onstate V bb(over) V V channel 1: open offstate bb(u rst) bb(o rst) V bb(u cp) ST t t d(ST) d(ST) V t d(ST OL5) bb(under) V bb t IN = high, normal load conditions. Charge pump starts at Vbb(ucp) = 5.6 V typ. td(ST OL5) depends on external circuitry because of high impedance Figure 7a: Overvoltage: Figure 6a: Undervoltage: IN IN Vbb V bb V bb(under) V ON(CL) Vbb(over) V bb(o rst) Vbb(u cp) V bb(u rst) V OUT V OUT ST ST open drain t t Data Book 617 01.07.97