a RF PLL Frequency Synthesizers ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 GENERAL DESCRIPTION FEATURES ADF4110: 550 MHz ADF4111: 1.2 GHz ADF4112: 3.0 GHz ADF4113: 4.0 GHz 2.7 V to 5.5 V Power Supply Separate Charge Pump Supply (VP) Allows Extended Tuning Voltage in 3 V Systems Programmable Dual Modulus Prescaler 8/9, 16/17, 32/33, 64/65 Programmable Charge Pump Currents Programmable Antibacklash Pulsewidth 3-Wire Serial Interface Analog and Digital Lock Detect Hardware and Software Power-Down Mode The ADF4110 family of frequency synthesizers can be used to implement local oscillators in the upconversion and downconversion sections of wireless receivers and transmitters. They consist of a low-noise digital PFD (Phase Frequency Detector), a precision charge pump, a programmable reference divider, programmable A and B counters and a dual-modulus prescaler (P/P+1). The A (6-bit) and B (13-bit) counters, in conjunction with the dual modulus prescaler (P/P+1), implement an N divider (N = BP + A). In addition, the 14-bit reference counter (R Counter), allows selectable REFIN frequencies at the PFD input. A complete PLL (Phase-Locked Loop) can be implemented if the synthesizer is used with an external loop filter and VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator). Control of all the on-chip registers is via a simple 3-wire interface. The devices operate with a power supply ranging from 2.7 V to 5.5 V and can be powered down when not in use. APPLICATIONS Base Stations for Wireless Radio (GSM, PCS, DCS, CDMA, WCDMA) Wireless Handsets (GSM, PCS, DCS, CDMA, WCDMA) Wireless LANS Communications Test Equipment CATV Equipment FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM AVDD DVDD VP RSET CPGND REFERENCE 14-BIT R COUNTER REFIN PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR 14 CHARGE PUMP CP R COUNTER LATCH CLK 24-BIT INPUT REGISTER DATA FUNCTION LATCH 22 LOCK DETECT LE A, B COUNTER LATCH SDOUT CURRENT SETTING 2 CPI3 CPI2 CPI1 CPI6 CPI5 CPI4 19 FROM FUNCTION LATCH CURRENT SETTING 1 HIGH Z 13 AVDD MUX N = BP + A RFINA PRESCALER P/P +1 RFINB 13-BIT B COUNTER SDOUT LOAD LOAD 6-BIT A COUNTER 6 CE AGND MUXOUT M3 M2 M1 ADF4110/ADF4111 ADF4112/ADF4113 DGND REV. 0 Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781/329-4700 World Wide Web Site: http://www.analog.com Fax: 781/326-8703 © Analog Devices, Inc., 2000 1 ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113–SPECIFICATIONS (AV = DV = 3 V ⴞ 10%, 5 V ⴞ 10%; AV ≤ V ≤ 6.0 V; AGND = DGND = CPGND = 0 V; R = 4.7 k⍀; T = T to T unless otherwise noted) DD DD Parameter RF CHARACTERISTICS (3 V) RF Input Frequency ADF4110 ADF4110 ADF4111 ADF4112 ADF4112 ADF4113 RF Input Sensitivity Maximum Allowable Prescaler Output Frequency3 RF CHARACTERISTICS (5 V) RF Input Frequency ADF4110 ADF4111 ADF4112 ADF4113 ADF4113 RF Input Sensitivity Maximum Allowable Prescaler Output Frequency3 DD P B Version SET 2 B Chips Unit MIN MAX Test Conditions/Comments See Figure 25 for Input Circuit. Use a square wave for lower frequencies. 45/550 25/550 0.045/1.2 0.2/3.0 0.1/3.0 0.2/3.7 –15/0 45/550 25/550 0.045/1.2 0.2/3.0 0.1/3.0 0.2/3.7 –15/0 MHz min/max MHz min/max GHz min/max GHz min/max GHz min/max GHz min/max dBm min/max 165 165 MHz max 25/550 0.025/1.4 0.1/3.0 0.2/3.7 0.2/4.0 –10/0 25/550 0.025/1.4 0.1/3.0 0.2/3.7 0.2/4.0 –10/0 MHz min/max GHz min/max GHz min/max GHz min/max GHz min/max dBm min/max 200 200 MHz max REFIN CHARACTERISTICS REFIN Input Frequency Reference Input Sensitivity4 0/100 –5/0 0/100 –5/0 MHz min/max dBm min/max REFIN Input Capacitance REFIN Input Current 10 ± 100 10 ± 100 pF max µA max PHASE DETECTOR Phase Detector Frequency5 55 55 MHz max CHARGE PUMP ICP Sink/Source High Value Low Value Absolute Accuracy RSET Range ICP 3-State Leakage Current Sink and Source Current Matching ICP vs. VCP ICP vs. Temperature 5 625 2.5 2.7/10 1 2 1.5 2 5 625 2.5 2.7/10 1 2 1.5 2 mA typ µA typ % typ kΩ typ nA typ % typ % typ % typ LOGIC INPUTS VINH, Input High Voltage VINL, Input Low Voltage IINH/IINL, Input Current CIN, Input Capacitance 0.8 × DVDD 0.2 × DVDD ±1 10 0.8 × DVDD 0.2 × DVDD ±1 10 V min V max µA max pF max LOGIC OUTPUTS VOH, Output High Voltage VOL, Output Low Voltage DVDD – 0.4 0.4 DVDD – 0.4 0.4 V min V max 2.7/5.5 AVDD AVDD/6.0 2.7/5.5 AVDD AVDD/6.0 V min/V max 5.5 5.5 7.5 11 0.5 1 4.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 0.5 1 mA max mA max mA max mA max mA max µA typ POWER SUPPLIES AVDD DVDD VP IDD6 (AIDD + DIDD ) ADF4110 ADF4111 ADF4112 ADF4113 IP Low Power Sleep Mode A Input Level = –10 dBm Input Level = –10 dBm Input Level = –10 dBm Use a square wave for lower frequencies. –2– V min/V max Input Level = –5 dBm AC-Coupled. When DC-Coupled: 0 to VDD max (CMOS-Compatible) Programmable: See Table V With RSET = 4.7 kΩ With RSET = 4.7 kΩ See Table V 0.5 V ≤ VCP ≤ VP – 0.5 0.5 V ≤ VCP ≤ VP – 0.5 VCP = VP/2 IOH = 500 µA IOL = 500 µA AVDD ≤ VP ≤ 6.0 V See Figures 22 and 23 4.5 mA Typical 4.5 mA Typical 6.5 mA Typical 8.5 mA Typical TA = 25°C REV. 0 ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 Parameter NOISE CHARACTERISTICS ADF4113 Phase Noise Floor 7 Phase Noise Performance8 ADF4110: 540 MHz Output9 ADF4111: 900 MHz Output10 ADF4112: 900 MHz Output10 ADF4113: 900 MHz Output10 ADF4111: 836 MHz Output11 ADF4112: 1750 MHz Output 12 ADF4112: 1750 MHz Output 13 ADF4112: 1960 MHz Output 14 ADF4113: 1960 MHz Output 14 ADF4113: 3100 MHz Output 15 Spurious Signals ADF4110: 540 MHz Output9 ADF4111: 900 MHz Output10 ADF4112: 900 MHz Output10 ADF4113: 900 MHz Output10 ADF4111: 836 MHz Output11 ADF4112: 1750 MHz Output 12 ADF4112: 1750 MHz Output 13 ADF4112: 1960 MHz Output 14 ADF4113: 1960 MHz Output 14 ADF4113: 3100 MHz Output15 B Version B Chips2 Unit Test Conditions/Comments –171 –164 –171 –164 dBc/Hz typ dBc/Hz typ –91 –87 –90 –91 –78 –86 –66 –84 –85 –86 –91 –87 –90 –91 –78 –86 –66 –84 –85 –86 dBc/Hz typ dBc/Hz typ dBc/Hz typ dBc/Hz typ dBc/Hz typ dBc/Hz typ dBc/Hz typ dBc/Hz typ dBc/Hz typ dBc/Hz typ @ 25 kHz PFD Frequency @ 200 kHz PFD Frequency @ VCO Output @ 1 kHz Offset and 200 kHz PFD Frequency @ 1 kHz Offset and 200 kHz PFD Frequency @ 1 kHz Offset and 200 kHz PFD Frequency @ 1 kHz Offset and 200 kHz PFD Frequency @ 300 Hz Offset and 30 kHz PFD Frequency @ 1 kHz Offset and 200 kHz PFD Frequency @ 200 Hz Offset and 10 kHz PFD Frequency @ 1 kHz Offset and 200 kHz PFD Frequency @ 1 kHz Offset and 200 kHz PFD Frequency @ 1 kHz Offset and 1 MHz PFD Frequency –97/–106 –98/–110 –91/–100 –100/–110 –81/–84 –88/–90 –65/–73 –80/–84 –80/–84 –80/–82 –97/–106 –98/–110 –91/–100 –100/–110 –81/–84 –88/–90 –65/–73 –80/–84 –80/–84 –82/–82 dBc typ dBc typ dBc typ dBc typ dBc typ dBc typ dBc typ dBc typ dBc typ dBc typ @ 200 kHz/400 kHz and 200 kHz PFD Frequency @ 200 kHz/400 kHz and 200 kHz PFD Frequency @ 200 kHz/400 kHz and 200 kHz PFD Frequency @ 200 kHz/400 kHz and 200 kHz PFD Frequency @ 30 kHz/60 kHz and 30 kHz PFD Frequency @ 200 kHz/400 kHz and 200 kHz PFD Frequency @ 10 kHz/20 kHz and 10 kHz PFD Frequency @ 200 kHz/400 kHz and 200 kHz PFD Frequency @ 200 kHz/400 kHz and 200 kHz PFD Frequency @ 1 MHz/2 MHz and 1 MHz PFD Frequency NOTES 1 Operating temperature range is as follows: B Version: –40°C to +85°C. The B Chip specifications are given as typical values. 3 This is the maximum operating frequency of the CMOS counters. The prescaler value should be chosen to ensure that the RF input is divided down to a frequency which is less than this value. 4 AVDD = DVDD = 3 V; For AVDD = DVDD = 5 V, use CMOS-compatible levels. 5 Guaranteed by design. 6 TA = 25°C; AVDD = DVDD = 3 V; P = 16; SYNC = 0; DLY = 0; RFIN for ADF4110 = 540 MHz; RFIN for ADF4111, ADF4112, ADF4113 = 900 MHz. 7 The synthesizer phase noise floor is estimated by measuring the in-band phase noise at the output of the VCO and subtracting 20 logN (where N is the N divider value). 8 The phase noise is measured with the EVAL-ADF411XEB1 Evaluation Board and the HP8562E Spectrum Analyzer. The spectrum analyzer provides the REFIN for the synthesizer (fREFOUT = 10 MHz @ 0 dBm). SYNC = 0; DLY = 0 (See Table III). 9 fREFIN = 10 MHz; fPFD = 200 kHz; Offset frequency = 1 kHz; fRF = 540 MHz; N = 2700; Loop B/W = 20 kHz. 10 fREFIN = 10 MHz; fPFD = 200 kHz; Offset frequency = 1 kHz; fRF = 900 MHz; N = 4500; Loop B/W = 20 kHz. 11 fREFIN = 10 MHz; fPFD = 30 kHz; Offset frequency = 300 Hz; fRF = 836 MHz; N = 27867; Loop B/W = 3 kHz. 12 fREFIN = 10 MHz; fPFD = 200 kHz; Offset frequency = 1 kHz; fRF = 1750 MHz; N = 8750; Loop B/W = 20 kHz. 13 fREFIN = 10 MHz; fPFD = 10 kHz; Offset frequency = 200 Hz; fRF = 1750 MHz; N = 175000; Loop B/W = 1 kHz. 14 fREFIN = 10 MHz; fPFD = 200 kHz; Offset frequency = 1 kHz; fRF = 1960 MHz; N = 9800; Loop B/W = 20 kHz. 15 fREFIN = 10 MHz; fPFD = 1 MHz; Offset frequency = 1 kHz; f RF = 3100 MHz; N = 3100; Loop B/W = 20 kHz. 2 Specifications subject to change without notice. (AVDD = DVDD = 3 V ⴞ 10%, 5 V ⴞ 10%; AVDD ≤ VP ≤ 6.0 V; AGND = DGND = CPGND = 0 V; SET = 4.7 k⍀; TA = TMIN to TMAX unless otherwise noted) TIMING CHARACTERISTICS1 R Parameter Limit at TMIN to TMAX (B Version) Unit Test Conditions/Comments t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 10 10 25 25 10 20 ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min DATA to CLOCK Setup Time DATA to CLOCK Hold Time CLOCK High Duration CLOCK Low Duration CLOCK to LE Setup Time LE Pulsewidth NOTES 1 Guaranteed by design but not production tested. Specifications subject to change without notice. REV. 0 –3– ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 t3 t4 CLOCK t1 DATA DB20 (MSB) t2 DB19 DB2 DB1 (CONTROL BIT C2) DB0 (LSB) (CONTROL BIT C1) t6 LE t5 LE Figure 1. Timing Diagram CSP θJA Thermal Impedance (Paddle Not Soldered) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216°C/W Lead Temperature, Soldering Vapor Phase (60 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215°C Infrared (15 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220°C ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 1, 2 (TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted) AVDD to GND3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V AVDD to DVDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +0.3 V VP to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V VP to AVDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +5.5 V Digital I/O Voltage to GND . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V Analog I/O Voltage to GND . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to VP + 0.3 V REFIN, RFINA, RFINB to GND . . . . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V Operating Temperature Range Industrial (B Version) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C TSSOP θJA Thermal Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.4°C/W CSP θJA Thermal Impedance (Paddle Soldered) . . . 122°C/W NOTES 1 Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 2 This device is a high-performance RF integrated circuit with an ESD rating of < 2 kV and it is ESD sensitive. Proper precautions should be taken for handling and assembly. 3 GND = AGND = DGND = 0 V. TRANSISTOR COUNT 6425 (CMOS) and 303 (Bipolar). CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high-energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. WARNING! ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE ORDERING GUIDE Model Temperature Range Package Description Package Option* ADF4110BRU ADF4110BCP ADF4111BRU ADF4111BCP ADF4112BRU ADF4112BCP ADF4113BRU ADF4113BCP ADF4113BCHIPS –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C Thin Shrink Small Outline Package (TSSOP) Chip Scale Package (CSP) Thin Shrink Small Outline Package (TSSOP) Chip Scale Package (CSP) Thin Shrink Small Outline Package (TSSOP) Chip Scale Package (CSP) Thin Shrink Small Outline Package (TSSOP) Chip Scale Package (CSP) DICE RU-16 CP-20 RU-16 CP-20 RU-16 CP-20 RU-16 CP-20 DICE *Contact the factory for chip availability. –4– REV. 0 ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS Pin No. Mnemonic Function 1 RSET Connecting a resistor between this pin and CPGND sets the maximum charge pump output current. The nominal voltage potential at the RSET pin is 0.56 V. The relationship between ICP and RSET is ICP max = 2 CP 3 4 5 CPGND AGND RFINB 6 7 RFINA AVDD 8 REFIN 9 10 DGND CE 11 CLK 12 DATA 13 LE 14 MUXOUT 15 DVDD 16 VP 23.5 RSET So, with RSET = 4.7 kΩ, ICPmax = 5 mA. Charge Pump Output. When enabled this provides ±ICP to the external loop filter, which in turn drives the external VCO. Charge Pump Ground. This is the ground return path for the charge pump. Analog Ground. This is the ground return path of the prescaler. Complementary Input to the RF Prescaler. This point should be decoupled to the ground plane with a small bypass capacitor, typically 100 pF. See Figure 25. Input to the RF Prescaler. This small signal input is normally ac-coupled from the VCO. Analog Power Supply. This may range from 2.7 V to 5.5 V. Decoupling capacitors to the analog ground plane should be placed as close as possible to this pin. AVDD must be the same value as DVDD. Reference Input. This is a CMOS input with a nominal threshold of VDD/2 and an equivalent input resistance of 100 kΩ. See Figure 24. This input can be driven from a TTL or CMOS crystal oscillator or it can be ac-coupled. Digital Ground. Chip Enable. A logic low on this pin powers down the device and puts the charge pump output into threestate mode. Taking the pin high will power up the device depending on the status of the power-down bit F2. Serial Clock Input. This serial clock is used to clock in the serial data to the registers. The data is latched into the 24-bit shift register on the CLK rising edge. This input is a high impedance CMOS input. Serial Data Input. The serial data is loaded MSB first with the two LSBs being the control bits. This input is a high impedance CMOS input. Load Enable, CMOS Input. When LE goes high, the data stored in the shift registers is loaded into one of the four latches, the latch being selected using the control bits. This multiplexer output allows either the Lock Detect, the scaled RF or the scaled Reference Frequency to be accessed externally. Digital Power Supply. This may range from 2.7 V to 5.5 V. Decoupling capacitors to the digital ground plane should be placed as close as possible to this pin. DVDD must be the same value as AVDD. Charge Pump Power Supply. This should be greater than or equal to VDD. In systems where VDD is 3 V, it can be set to 6 V and used to drive a VCO with a tuning range of up to 6 V. PIN CONFIGURATIONS CPGND 13 LE TOP VIEW 12 DATA (Not to Scale) 11 CLK RFINA 6 RFINB 5 REV. 0 AVDD 7 10 CE REFIN 8 9 AGND 2 AGND 3 RFINB 4 RFINA 5 –5– 18 VP 17 DVDD 16 DVDD 15 MUXOUT ADF4110 ADF4111 ADF4112 ADF4113 14 LE 13 DATA TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 12 CLK 11 CE AVDD 6 DGND 1 DGND 10 14 MUXOUT 19 RSET 15 DVDD DGND 9 AGND 4 ADF4110 ADF4111 ADF4112 ADF4113 AVDD 7 CPGND 3 20 CP 16 VP RSET 1 CP 2 CHIP SCALE PACKAGE REFIN 8 TSSOP ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113–Typical Performance Characteristics 0 FREQ 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 MAGS11 0.89207 0.8886 0.89022 0.96323 0.90566 0.90307 0.89318 0.89806 0.89565 0.88538 0.89699 0.89927 0.87797 0.90765 0.88526 0.81267 0.90357 0.92954 0.92087 0.93788 ANGS11 –2.0571 –4.4427 –6.3212 –2.1393 –12.13 –13.52 –15.746 –18.056 –19.693 –22.246 –24.336 –25.948 –28.457 –29.735 –31.879 –32.681 –31.522 –34.222 –36.961 –39.343 FREQ 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 IMPEDANCE – OHMS 50 MAGS11 0.9512 0.93458 0.94782 0.96875 0.92216 0.93755 0.96178 0.94354 0.95189 0.97647 0.98619 0.95459 0.97945 0.98864 0.97399 0.97216 ANGS11 –40.134 –43.747 –44.393 –46.937 –49.6 –51.884 –51.21 –53.55 –56.786 –58.781 –60.545 –61.43 –61.241 –64.051 –66.19 –63.775 ICP = 5mA LOOP BANDWIDTH = 20kHz –30 RES. BANDWIDTH = 10Hz –40 VIDEO BANDWIDTH = 10Hz SWEEP = 1.9 SECONDS –50 AVERAGES = 19 –60 –92.5dBc/Hz –70 –80 –90 –2kHz 10dB/DIVISION –40 0 900MHz +1kHz +2kHz RL = –40dBc/Hz RMS NOISE = 0.52ⴗ –50 VDD = 3V VP = 3V –60 PHASE NOISE – dBc/Hz –5 –1kHz Figure 5. ADF4113 Phase Noise (900 MHz, 200 kHz, 20 kHz) with DLY and SYNC Enabled Figure 2. S-Parameter Data for the ADF4113 RF Input (Up to 1.8 GHz) –10 –15 TA = +85ⴗC –20 VDD = 3V, VP = 5V PFD FREQUENCY = 200kHz –20 –100 RF INPUT POWER – dBm REFERENCE LEVEL = –4.2dBm –10 OUTPUT POWER – dB FREQ-UNIT PARAM-TYPE DATA-FORMAT KEYWORD GHz S MA R TA = +25ⴗC –25 0.52ⴗ rms –70 –80 –90 –100 –110 –120 –30 –130 TA = –40ⴗC –35 0 1 3 2 RF INPUT FREQUENCY – GHz –140 100Hz 5 4 Figure 3. Input Sensitivity (ADF4113) 10dB/DIVISION –40 REFERENCE LEVEL = –4.2dBm VDD = 3V, VP = 5V LOOP BANDWIDTH = 20kHz RES. BANDWIDTH = 10Hz –40 VIDEO BANDWIDTH = 10Hz –50 SWEEP = 1.9 SECONDS AVERAGES = 19 –60 –91.0dBc/Hz –70 0.62ⴗ rms –70 –80 –90 –100 –110 –80 –120 –90 –130 –140 100Hz –100 –2kHz –1kHz 900MHz +1kHz RMS NOISE = 0.62ⴗ –60 PFD FREQUENCY = 200kHz –30 RL = –40dBc/Hz –50 ICP = 5mA PHASE NOISE – dBc/Hz OUTPUT POWER – dB –20 1MHz Figure 6. ADF4113 Integrated Phase Noise (900 MHz, 200 kHz, 20 kHz, Typical Lock Time: 400 µ s) 0 –10 FREQUENCY OFFSET FROM 900MHz CARRIER +2kHz Figure 4. ADF4113 Phase Noise (900 MHz, 200 kHz, 20 kHz) FREQUENCY OFFSET FROM 900MHz CARRIER 1MHz Figure 7. ADF4113 Integrated Phase Noise (900 MHz, 200 kHz, 35 kHz, Typical Lock Time: 200 µ s) –6– REV. 0 ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 10dB/DIVISION –40 0 REFERENCE LEVEL = –4.2dBm VDD = 3V, VP = 5V –50 –20 PFD FREQUENCY = 200kHz –30 LOOP BANDWIDTH = 20kHz –60 RES. BANDWIDTH = 10Hz –40 VIDEO BANDWIDTH = 10Hz –50 SWEEP = 2.5 SECONDS AVERAGES = 30 –60 –70 –70 1.6ⴗ rms –80 –90 –100 –110 –120 –90.2dBc –80 –130 –90 –140 100Hz –100 –400kHz –200kHz 900MHz +200kHz +400kHz Figure 8. ADF4113 Reference Spurs (900 MHz, 200 kHz, 20 kHz) 0 REFERENCE LEVEL = –4.2dBm –20 VDD = 3V, VP = 5V ICP = 5mA –10 PFD FREQUENCY = 200kHz –20 POWER OUTPUT – dB OUTPUT POWER – dB –30 RES. BANDWIDTH = 1kHz VIDEO BANDWIDTH = 1kHz –40 SWEEP = 2.5 SECONDS –50 AVERAGES = 30 –60 –70 REFERENCE LEVEL = –5.7dBm –30 RES. BANDWIDTH = 3Hz –40 VIDEO BANDWIDTH = 3Hz POSITIVE PEAK DETECT MODE –60 –79.6dBc –70 –80 –90 –100 –400kHz –200kHz 900MHz +200kHz –80kHz +400kHz Figure 9. ADF4113 Reference Spurs (900 MHz, 200 kHz, 35 kHz) REFERENCE LEVEL = –8.0dBm –10 –20 –40kHz 0 VDD = 3V, VP = 5V ICP = 5mA –10 PFD FREQUENCY = 30kHz –20 REFERENCE LEVEL = –4.2dBm OUTPUT POWER – dB VIDEO BANDWIDTH = 10kHz SWEEP = 477ms –50 AVERAGES = 10 –60 –70 –80 +80kHz VDD = 3V, VP = 5V ICP = 5mA LOOP BANDWIDTH = 100kHz RES. BANDWIDTH = 10kHz –40 +40kHz PFD FREQUENCY = 1MHz LOOP BANDWIDTH = 3kHz –30 1750MHz Figure 12. ADF4113 Reference Spurs (1750 MHz, 30 kHz, 3 kHz) 0 OUTPUT POWER – dB ICP = 5mA SWEEP = 255 SECONDS –90 –30 RES. BANDWIDTH = 10Hz VIDEO BANDWIDTH = 10Hz –40 SWEEP = 1.9 SECONDS –50 AVERAGES = 45 –60 –86.6dBc/Hz –70 –80 –75.2dBc/Hz –90 –90 –100 –400Hz –200Hz 1750MHz +200Hz –100 +400Hz Figure 10. ADF4113 Phase Noise (1750 MHz, 30 kHz, 3 kHz) REV. 0 VDD = 3V, VP = 5V PFD FREQUENCY = 30kHz –50 –89.3dBc –80 1MHz LOOP BANDWIDTH = 3kHz LOOP BANDWIDTH = 35kHz –100 FREQUENCY OFFSET FROM 1750MHz CARRIER Figure 11. ADF4113 Integrated Phase Noise (1750 MHz, 30 kHz, 3 kHz) 0 –10 RMS NOISE = 1.6ⴗ ICP = 5mA PHASE NOISE – dBc/Hz OUTPUT POWER – dB –10 RL = –40dBc/Hz –2kHz –1kHz 3100MHz +1kHz +2kHz Figure 13. ADF4113 Phase Noise (3100 MHz, 1 MHz, 100 kHz) –7– ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 10dB/DIVISION –40 RL = –40dBc/Hz RMS NOISE = 1.7ⴗ –60 –50 VDD = 3V VP = 3V 1.7ⴗ rms PHASE NOISE – dBc/Hz PHASE NOISE – dBc/Hz –60 –70 –80 –90 –100 –110 –70 –80 –90 –120 –130 –140 100Hz FREQUENCY OFFSET FROM 3100MHz CARRIER –100 –40 1MHz Figure 14. ADF4113 Integrated Phase Noise (3100 MHz, 1 MHz, 100 kHz) 0 REFERENCE LEVEL = –17.2dBm –10 ICP = 5mA FIRST REFERENCE SPUR – dBc LOOP BANDWIDTH = 100kHz OUTPUT POWER – dB 60 RES. BANDWIDTH = 1kHz –40 VIDEO BANDWIDTH = 1kHz SWEEP = 13 SECONDS AVERAGES = 1 –60 –80.6dBc –70 80 100 –60 VDD = 3V, VP = 5V –30 –50 20 40 TEMPERATURE – ⴗC Figure 17. ADF4113 Phase Noise vs. Temperature (900 MHz, 200 kHz, 20 kHz) PFD FREQUENCY = 1MHz –20 0 –20 –80 VDD = 3V VP = 5V –70 –80 –90 –90 –100 –2MHz –1MHz 3100MHz +1MHz –100 –40 +2MHz Figure 15. ADF4113 Reference Spurs (3100 MHz, 1 MHz, 100 kHz) 20 40 TEMPERATURE – ⴗC 60 80 100 Figure 18. ADF4113 Reference Spurs vs. Temperature (900 MHz, 200 kHz, 20 kHz) –5 –120 VDD = 3V VP = 5V –15 FIRST REFERENCE SPUR – dBc –130 PHASE NOISE – dBc/Hz 0 –20 –140 –150 –160 –170 VDD = 3V VP = 5V –25 –35 –45 –55 –65 –75 –85 –95 –180 1 10 100 1000 PHASE DETECTOR FREQUENCY – kHz –105 10000 Figure 16. ADF4113 Phase Noise (Referred to CP Output) vs. PFD Frequency 0 1 2 3 TUNING VOLTAGE – Volts 4 5 Figure 19. ADF4113 Reference Spurs (200 kHz) vs. VTUNE (900 MHz, 200 kHz, 20 kHz) –8– REV. 0 ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 10 –60 9 8 ADF4113 –70 7 AIDD – mA PHASE NOISE – dBc/Hz VDD = 3V VP = 5V –80 6 5 ADF4112 4 3 –90 2 ADF4110 ADF4111 1 –100 –40 0 –20 0 20 40 TEMPERATURE – ⴗC 60 80 100 0 16/17 32/33 64/65 PRESCALER VALUE Figure 20. ADF4113 Phase Noise vs. Temperature (836 MHz, 30 kHz, 3 kHz) Figure 22. AIDD vs. Prescaler Value –60 3.0 VDD = 3V VP = 5V VDD = 3V VP = 3V 2.5 –70 2.0 DIDD – mA FIRST REFERENCE SPUR – dBc 8/9 –80 1.5 1.0 –90 –100 –40 0.5 –20 0 20 40 TEMPERATURE – ⴗC 60 80 0 100 Figure 21. ADF4113 Reference Spurs vs. Temperature (836 MHz, 30 kHz, 3 kHz) REV. 0 0 50 100 150 PRESCALER OUTPUT FREQUENCY – MHz 200 Figure 23. DIDD vs. Prescaler Output Frequency (ADF4110, ADF4111, ADF4112, ADF4113) –9– ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Pulse Swallow Function REFERENCE INPUT SECTION The A and B counters, in conjunction with the dual modulus prescaler, make it possible to generate output frequencies that are spaced only by the Reference Frequency divided by R. The equation for the VCO frequency is as follows: The reference input stage is shown in Figure 24. SW1 and SW2 are normally-closed switches. SW3 is normally-open. When power-down is initiated, SW3 is closed and SW1 and SW2 are opened. This ensures that there is no loading of the REFIN pin on power-down. POWER-DOWN CONTROL NC 100k⍀ SW2 TO R COUNTER REFIN NC fVCO = [(P × B) + A] × fREFIN/R fVCO Output frequency of external voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). P Preset modulus of dual modulus prescaler B Preset Divide Ratio of binary 13-bit counter (3 to 8191). A Preset Divide Ratio of binary 6-bit swallow counter (0 to 63). BUFFER SW1 SW3 fREFIN Output frequency of the external reference frequency oscillator. NO Figure 24. Reference Input Stage R Preset divide ratio of binary 14-bit programmable reference counter (1 to 16383). RF INPUT STAGE The RF input stage is shown in Figure 25. It is followed by a 2-stage limiting amplifier to generate the CML (Current Mode Logic) clock levels needed for the prescaler. BIAS GENERATOR 500⍀ R COUNTER The 14-bit R counter allows the input reference frequency to be divided down to produce the reference clock to the phase frequency detector (PFD). Division ratios from 1 to 16,383 are allowed. 1.6V AVDD 500⍀ N = BP + A 13-BIT B COUNTER RFINA FROM RF INPUT STAGE RFINB PRESCALER P/P + 1 MODULUS CONTROL TO PFD LOAD LOAD 6-BIT A COUNTER AGND Figure 25. RF Input Stage Figure 26. A and B Counters PRESCALER (P/P+1) The dual-modulus prescaler (P/P+1), along with the A and B counters, enables the large division ratio, N, to be realized (N = BP + A). The dual-modulus prescaler, operating at CML levels, takes the clock from the RF input stage and divides it down to a manageable frequency for the CMOS A and B counters. The prescaler is programmable. It can be set in software to 8/9, 16/17, 32/33, or 64/65. It is based on a synchronous 4/5 core. A AND B COUNTERS The A and B CMOS counters combine with the dual modulus prescaler to allow a wide ranging division ratio in the PLL feedback counter. The counters are specified to work when the prescaler output is 200 MHz or less. Thus, with an RF input frequency of 2.5 GHz, a prescaler value of 16/17 is valid but a value of 8/9 is not valid. PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR (PFD) AND CHARGE PUMP The PFD takes inputs from the R counter and N counter (N = BP + A) and produces an output proportional to the phase and frequency difference between them. Figure 27 is a simplified schematic. The PFD includes a programmable delay element which controls the width of the antibacklash pulse. This pulse ensures that there is no dead zone in the PFD transfer function and minimizes phase noise and reference spurs. Two bits in the Reference Counter Latch, ABP2 and ABP1 control the width of the pulse. See Table III. –10– REV. 0 ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 The N-channel open-drain analog lock detect should be operated with an external pull-up resistor of 10 kΩ nominal. When lock has been detected this output will be high with narrow lowgoing pulses. VP CHARGE PUMP HI D1 Q1 UP U1 DVDD R DIVIDER CLR1 PROGRAMMABLE DELAY ABP1 CLR2 HI D2 Q2 ANALOG LOCK DETECT DIGITAL LOCK DETECT R COUNTER OUTPUT N COUNTER OUTPUT SDOUT CP U3 ABP2 MUX CONTROL MUXOUT DOWN DGND U2 Figure 28. MUXOUT Circuit N DIVIDER CPGND INPUT SHIFT REGISTER The ADF4110 family digital section includes a 24-bit input shift register, a 14-bit R counter and a 19-bit N counter, comprising a 6-bit A counter and a 13-bit B counter. Data is clocked into the 24-bit shift register on each rising edge of CLK. The data is clocked in MSB first. Data is transferred from the shift register to one of four latches on the rising edge of LE. The destination latch is determined by the state of the two control bits (C2, C1) in the shift register. These are the two LSBs DB1, DB0 as shown in the timing diagram of Figure 1. The truth table for these bits is shown in Table VI. Table I shows a summary of how the latches are programmed. R DIVIDER N DIVIDER CP OUTPUT Figure 27. PFD Simplified Schematic and Timing (In Lock) MUXOUT AND LOCK DETECT The output multiplexer on the ADF4110 family allows the user to access various internal points on the chip. The state of MUXOUT is controlled by M3, M2 and M1 in the function latch. Table V shows the full truth table. Figure 28 shows the MUXOUT section in block diagram form. Lock Detect MUXOUT can be programmed for two types of lock detect: digital lock detect and analog lock detect. Table I. C2, C1 Truth Table Control Bits C2 C1 Data Latch 0 0 1 1 R Counter N Counter (A and B) Function Latch (Including Prescaler) Initialization Latch Digital lock detect is active high. When LDP in the R counter latch is set to 0, digital lock detect is set high when the phase error on three consecutive Phase Detector cycles is less than 15 ns. With LDP set to 1, five consecutive cycles of less than 15 ns are required to set the lock detect. It will stay set high until a phase error of greater than 25 ns is detected on any subsequent PD cycle. REV. 0 –11– 0 1 0 1 ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 Table II. ADF4110 Family Latch Summary DB23 X DLY SYNC DB22 DB21 DLY SYNC LOCK DETECT PRECISION RESERVED REFERENCE COUNTER LATCH TEST MODE BITS DB20 DB19 LDP ANTIBACKLASH WIDTH DB18 DB17 T2 T1 DB16 DB15 ABP2 ABP1 CONTROL BITS 14-BIT REFERENCE COUNTER, R R14 DB14 DB13 R13 R12 DB12 DB11 R11 R10 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 DB1 DB0 C2 (0) C1 (0) X = DON'T CARE RESERVED DB23 DB22 X X CP GAIN N COUNTER LATCH DB21 DB20 G1 B13 DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 DB14 DB13 B7 B6 CONTROL BITS 6-BIT A COUNTER 13-BIT B COUNTER DB12 DB11 B5 B4 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 B3 B2 B1 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 C2 (0) C1 (1) CONTROL BITS DB1 DB0 X = DON'T CARE DB20 DB19 DB18 DB17 CPI6 CPI4 CPI5 CPI3 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 CPI2 CPI1 TC4 TC3 TC2 TC1 COUNTER RESET PD2 POWERDOWN 1 P1 PD POLARITY DB22 DB21 TIMER COUNTER CONTROL CP THREESTATE P2 CURRENT SETTING 1 FASTLOCK ENABLE DB23 CURRENT SETTING 2 FASTLOCK MODE PRESCALER VALUE POWERDOWN 2 FUNCTION LATCH DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 F5 F4 F3 F2 M3 M2 M1 PD1 F1 C2 (1) C1 (0) CONTROL BITS MUXOUT CONTROL DB1 DB0 DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 CPI3 CPI1 CPI2 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 F4 F3 F2 M3 M2 M1 PD1 F1 TIMER COUNTER CONTROL CPI5 CPI4 COUNTER RESET CPI6 POWERDOWN 1 PD2 PD POLARITY P1 CP THREESTATE DB21 DB20 P2 CURRENT SETTING 1 FASTLOCK ENABLE DB23 DB22 CURRENT SETTING 2 FASTLOCK MODE PRESCALER VALUE POWERDOWN 2 INITIALIZATION LATCH TC4 DB13 DB12 TC3 TC2 TC1 –12– F5 MUXOUT CONTROL DB1 DB0 C2 (1) C1 (1) REV. 0 ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 DLY SYNC DB23 DB22 X DLY LOCK DETECT PRECISION RESERVED Table III. Reference Counter Latch Map DB21 DB20 LDP SYNC TEST MODE BITS ANTIBACKLASH WIDTH DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 ABP2 ABP1 R14 R12 R10 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 T2 T1 CONTROL BITS 14-BIT REFERENCE COUNTER R13 R11 R9 DB1 DB0 C2 (0) C1 (0) X = DON'T CARE ABP2 ABP1 R14 R13 R12 •••••••••• R3 R2 R1 DIVIDE RATIO 0 0 0 •••••••••• 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 •••••••••• 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 •••••••••• 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 •••••••••• 1 0 0 4 • • • •••••••••• • • • • • • • •••••••••• • • • • • • • •••••••••• • • • • 1 1 1 •••••••••• 1 0 0 16380 1 1 1 •••••••••• 1 0 1 16381 1 1 1 •••••••••• 1 1 0 16382 1 1 1 •••••••••• 1 1 1 16383 ANTIBACKLASH PULSEWIDTH 0 0 3.0ns 0 1 1.5ns 1 0 6.0ns 1 1 3.0ns TEST MODE BITS SHOULD BE SET TO 00 FOR NORMAL OPERATION LDP DLY SYNC OPERATION 0 THREE CONSECUTIVE CYCLES OF PHASE DELAY LESS THAN 15ns MUST OCCUR BEFORE LOCK DETECT IS SET. 1 FIVE CONSECUTIVE CYCLES OF PHASE DELAY LESS THAN 15ns MUST OCCUR BEFORE LOCK DETECT IS SET. OPERATION 0 0 NORMAL OPERATION 0 1 OUTPUT OF PRESCALER IS RESYNCHRONIZED WITH NONDELAYED VERSION OF RF INPUT 1 0 NORMAL OPERATION 1 1 OUTPUT OF PRESCALER IS RESYNCHRONIZED WITH DELAYED VERSION OF RF INPUT REV. 0 –13– ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 RESERVED DB23 DB22 X X CP GAIN Table IV. AB Counter Latch Map 13-BIT B COUNTER DB21 DB20 G1 DB19 DB18 B13 B12 B11 DB17 DB16 B10 DB15 DB14 B8 B9 DB13 DB12 B7 CONTROL BITS 6-BIT A COUNTER B6 B5 DB11 DB10 B4 B3 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 B2 B1 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 DB1 DB0 C2 (0) C1 (1) X = DON'T CARE A6 A5 •••••••••• A2 A1 A COUNTER DIVIDE RATIO 0 0 •••••••••• 0 0 0 0 0 •••••••••• 0 1 1 0 0 •••••••••• 1 0 2 0 0 •••••••••• 1 1 3 • • •••••••••• • • • • • •••••••••• • • • • • •••••••••• • • • 1 1 •••••••••• 0 0 60 1 1 •••••••••• 0 1 61 1 1 •••••••••• 1 0 62 1 1 •••••••••• 1 1 63 B13 0 B12 0 B11 0 •••••••••• •••••••••• B3 0 B2 0 B1 0 0 0 0 •••••••••• 0 0 1 NOT ALLOWED 0 0 0 •••••••••• 0 1 0 NOT ALLOWED 0 0 0 •••••••••• 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 •••••••••• 1 0 0 4 • • • •••••••••• • • • • • • • •••••••••• • • • • • • • •••••••••• • • • • 1 1 1 •••••••••• 1 0 0 8188 1 1 1 •••••••••• 1 0 1 8189 1 1 1 •••••••••• 1 1 0 8190 1 1 1 •••••••••• 1 1 1 8191 F4 (FUNCTION LATCH) FASTLOCK ENABLE* CP GAIN OPERATION 0 0 CHARGE PUMP CURRENT SETTTING 1 IS PERMANENTLY USED 0 1 CHARGE PUMP CURRENT SETTING 2 IS PERMANENTLY USED 1 0 CHARGE PUMP CURRENT SETTING 1 IS USED 1 1 CHARGE PUMP CURRENT IS SWITCHED TO SETTING 2. THE TIME SPENT IN SETTING 2 IS DEPENDENT UPON WHICH FASTLOCK MODE IS USED. SEE FUNCTION LATCH DESCRIPTION *SEE TABLE 5 B COUNTER DIVIDE RATIO NOT ALLOWED N = BP + A, P IS PRESCALER VALUE SET IN THE FUNCTION LATCH B MUST BE GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO A. FOR CONTINUOUSLY ADJACENT VALUES OF (NX FREF), AT THE OUTPUT, NMIN IS (P2-P). THESE BITS ARE NOT USED BY THE DEVICE AND ARE DON'T CARE BITS –14– REV. 0 ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 PRESCALER VALUE POWERDOWN 2 FASTLOCK MODE FASTLOCK ENABLE CP THREESTATE PD POLARITY POWERDOWN 1 COUNTER RESET Table V. Function Latch Map CONTROL BITS DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20 DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 PD2 CPI5 CPI3 CPI1 TC3 TC1 F4 F3 F2 M3 M2 M1 PD1 F1 P2 P1 CURRENT SETTTING 2 CPI6 CURRENT SETTTING 1 CPI4 CPI2 TIMER COUNTER CONTROL TC4 TC2 F5 MUXOUT CONTROL F1 F2 F3 REV. 0 FASTLOCK MODE 1 1 1 FASTLOCK MODE2 3 1 7 0 0 1 0 11 0 0 1 1 15 0 1 0 0 19 0 1 0 1 23 0 1 1 0 27 0 1 1 1 31 1 0 0 0 35 M3 M2 M1 1 0 0 1 39 0 0 0 THREE-STATE OUTPUT 1 0 1 0 43 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 47 DIGITAL LOCK DETECT (ACTIVE HIGH) 1 1 0 0 51 0 1 0 N DIVIDER OUTPUT 1 1 0 1 55 0 1 1 DVDD 1 1 1 0 59 1 0 0 R DIVIDER OUTPUT 1 1 1 1 63 1 0 1 ANALOG LOCK DETECT (N-CHANNEL OPEN-DRAIN) SEE PAGE 17 ICP (mA) OUTPUT CPI5 CPI4 CPI3 CPI2 CPI1 2.7k⍀ 4.7k⍀ 10k⍀ 1 1 0 SERIAL DATA OUTPUT 0 0 0 1.09 0.63 0.29 1 1 1 DGND 0 0 1 2.18 1.25 0.59 0 1 0 3.26 1.88 0.88 0 1 1 4.35 2.50 1.76 1 0 0 5.44 3.13 1.47 1 0 1 6.53 3.75 1.76 1 1 0 7.62 4.38 2.06 1 1 1 8.70 5.00 2.35 MODE ASYNCHRONOUS POWER-DOWN 1 1 SYNCHRONOUS POWER-DOWN 64/65 0 0 1 32/33 FASTLOCK DISABLED 1 0 NORMAL OPERATION 1 FASTLOCK MODE X 0 1 1 F5 0 0 0 16/17 F4 0 0 0 THREE-STATE 0 X 1 NORMAL 1 0 1 1 CHARGE PUMP OUTPUT 0 TIMEOUT (PFD CYCLES) 1 0 R, A, B COUNTERS HELD IN RESET TC1 ASYNCHRONOUS POWER-DOWN 8/9 POSITIVE NORMAL 1 TC2 X 0 1 0 TC3 X P1 NEGATIVE COUNTER OPERATION TC4 0 0 0 C2 (1) C1 (0) CPI6 CE PIN PD2 PD1 P2 PD POLARITY DB0 PRESCALER VALUE –15– ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 PRESCALER VALUE POWERDOWN 2 FASTLOCK MODE FASTLOCK ENABLE CP THREESTATE PD POLARITY POWERDOWN 1 COUNTER RESET Table VI. Initialization Latch Map CONTROL BITS DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20 DB19 DB18 DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 PD2 CPI5 CPI3 CPI1 TC3 TC1 F4 F3 F2 M3 M2 M1 PD1 F1 P2 P1 CURRENT SETTTING 2 CPI6 CURRENT SETTTING 1 CPI4 CPI2 TIMER COUNTER CONTROL TC4 TC2 F5 MUXOUT CONTROL F1 F2 CHARGE PUMP 0 OUTPUT NORMAL 1 THREE-STATE F4 F5 0 X FASTLOCK DISABLED 1 0 FASTLOCK MODE 1 1 1 FASTLOCK MODE2 TIMEOUT (PFD CYCLES) 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 1 0 11 0 0 1 1 15 0 1 0 0 19 0 1 0 1 23 0 1 1 0 27 0 1 1 1 31 1 0 0 0 35 1 0 0 1 39 1 0 1 0 43 1 0 1 1 47 1 1 0 0 51 1 1 0 1 55 1 1 1 1 0 1 DIGITAL LOCK DETECT (ACTIVE HIGH) 0 1 0 N DIVIDER OUTPUT 0 1 1 DVDD 1 0 0 R DIVIDER OUTPUT 1 0 1 ANALOG LOCK DETECT (N-CHANNEL OPEN-DRAIN) 2.7k⍀ 4.7k⍀ 10k⍀ 1 1 0 SERIAL DATA OUTPUT 1.09 0.63 0.29 1 1 1 DGND 0 0 1 2.18 1.25 0.59 0 1 0 3.27 1.88 0.88 0 1 1 4.35 2.50 1.76 1 0 0 5.44 3.13 1.47 1 0 1 6.53 3.75 1.76 1 1 0 7.62 4.38 2.06 1 1 1 8.70 5.00 2.35 PD2 PD1 MODE ASYNCHRONOUS POWERDOWN NORMAL OPERATION ASYNCHRONOUS POWERDOWN SYNCHRONOUS POWER-DOWN 64/65 1 0 1 32/33 0 CPI1 1 1 0 OUTPUT 0 1 1 THREE-STATE OUTPUT CPI2 1 16/17 63 M1 0 0 0 0 59 M2 0 CPI3 0 1 R, A, B COUNTERS HELD IN RESET 0 M3 ICP (mA) X 1 NORMAL 1 CPI4 1 0 0 CPI5 1 8/9 COUNTER OPERATION CPI6 X 0 C2 (1) C1 (1) FASTLOCK MODE TC1 X P1 POSITIVE TC2 0 0 1 F3 SEE PAGE 17 P2 NEGATIVE TC3 1 CE PIN 0 TC4 1 PD POLARITY DB0 PRESCALER VALUE –16– REV. 0 ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 THE FUNCTION LATCH Fastlock Mode 2 With C2, C1 set to 1, 0, the on-chip function latch will be programmed. Table V shows the input data format for programming the Function Latch. The charge pump current is switched to the contents of Current Setting 2. DB2 (F1) is the counter reset bit. When this is “1,” the R counter and the A, B counters are reset. For normal operation this bit should be “0.” Upon powering up, the F1 bit needs to be disabled, the N counter resumes counting in “close” alignment with the R counter. (The maximum error is one prescaler cycle.) The device enters Fastlock by having a “1” written to the CP Gain bit in the AB counter latch. The device exits Fastlock under the control of the Timer Counter. After the timeout period determined by the value in TC4–TC1, the CP Gain bit in the AB counter latch is automatically reset to “0” and the device reverts to normal mode instead of Fastlock. See Table V for the timeout periods. Power-Down Timer Counter Control DB3 (PD1) and DB21 (PD2) on the ADF4110 family, provide programmable power-down modes. They are enabled by the CE pin. The user has the option of programming two charge pump currents. The intent is that the Current Setting 1 is used when the RF output is stable and the system is in a static state. Current Setting 2 is meant to be used when the system is dynamic and in a state of change (i.e., when a new output frequency is programmed). Counter Reset When the CE pin is low, the device is immediately disabled regardless of the states of PD2, PD1. In the programmed asynchronous power-down, the device powers down immediately after latching a “1” into bit PD1, with the condition that PD2 has been loaded with a “0.” In the programmed synchronous power-down, the device powerdown is gated by the charge pump to prevent unwanted frequency jumps. Once the power-down is enabled by writing a “1” into bit PD1 (on condition that a “1” has also been loaded to PD2), the device will go into power-down on the occurrence of the next charge pump event. The normal sequence of events is as follows: The user initially decides what the preferred charge pump currents are going to be. For example, they may choose 2.5 mA as Current Setting 1 and 5 mA as the Current Setting 2. At the same time, they must also decide how long they want the secondary current to stay active before reverting to the primary current. This is controlled by the Timer Counter Control Bits DB14 to DB11 (TC4–TC1) in the Function Latch. The truth table is given in Table V. When a power-down is activated (either synchronous or asynchronous mode including CE-pin-activated power-down), the following events occur: When the user wishes to program a new output frequency, he can simply program the AB counter latch with new values for A and B. At the same time, he can set the CP Gain bit to a “1,” which sets the charge pump with the value in CPI6–CPI4 for a period of time determined by TC4–TC1. When this time is up, the charge pump current reverts to the value set by CPI3– CPI1. At the same time the CP Gain bit in the A, B Counter latch is reset to 0 and is now ready for the next time the user wishes to change the frequency again. All active dc current paths are removed. The R, N, and timeout counters are forced to their load state conditions. The charge pump is forced into three-state mode. The digital clock detect circuitry is reset. The RFIN input is debiased. Note that there is an enable feature on the Timer Counter. It is enabled when Fastlock Mode 2 is chosen by setting the Fastlock Mode bit (DB10) in the Function Latch to “1.” The reference input buffer circuitry is disabled. The input register remains active and capable of loading and latching data. Charge Pump Currents The on-chip multiplexer is controlled by M3, M2, M1 on the ADF4110 family. Table V shows the truth table. CPI3, CPI2, CPI1 program Current Setting 1 for the charge pump. CPI6, CPI5, CPI4 program Current Setting 2 for the charge pump. The truth table is given in Table V. Fastlock Enable Bit Prescaler Value DB9 of the Function Latch is the Fastlock Enable Bit. Only when this is “1” is Fastlock enabled. P2 and P1 in the Function Latch set the prescaler values. The prescaler value should be chosen so that the prescaler output frequency is always less than or equal to 200 MHz. Thus, with an RF frequency of 2 GHz, a prescaler value of 16/17 is valid but a value of 8/9 is not. MUXOUT Control Fastlock Mode Bit DB10 of the Function Latch is the Fastlock Enable bit. When Fastlock is enabled, this bit determines which Fastlock Mode is used. If the Fastlock Mode bit is “0” then Fastlock Mode 1 is selected and if the Fastlock Mode bit is “1,” then Fastlock Mode 2 is selected. PD Polarity This bit sets the PD Polarity Bit. See Table V. CP Three-State This bit the CP output pin. With the bit set high, the CP output is put into three-state. With the bit set low, the CP output is enabled. Fastlock Mode 1 The charge pump current is switched to the contents of Current Setting 2. The device enters Fastlock by having a “1” written to the CP Gain bit in the AB counter latch. The device exits Fastlock by having a “0” written to the CP Gain bit in the AB counter latch. REV. 0 –17– ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 THE INITIALIZATION LATCH When C2, C1 = 1, 1, the Initialization Latch is programmed. This is essentially the same as the Function Latch (programmed when C2, C1 = 1, 0). However, when the Initialization Latch is programmed an additional internal reset pulse is applied to the R and AB counters. This pulse ensures that the AB counter is at load point when the AB counter data is latched and the device will begin counting in close phase alignment. If the Latch is programmed for synchronous power-down (CE pin is High; PD1 bit is High; PD2 bit is Low), the internal pulse also triggers this power-down. The prescaler reference and the oscillator input buffer are unaffected by the internal reset pulse and so close phase alignment is maintained when counting resumes. When the first AB counter data is latched after initialization, the internal reset pulse is again activated. However, successive AB counter loads after this will not trigger the internal reset pulse. DEVICE PROGRAMMING AFTER INITIAL POWER-UP After initially powering up the device, there are three ways to program the device. CE can be used to power the device up and down in order to check for channel activity. The input register does not need to be reprogrammed each time the device is disabled and enabled as long as it has been programmed at least once after VDD was initially applied. The Counter Reset Method Apply VDD. Do a Function Latch Load (“10” in 2 LSBs). As part of this, load “1” to the F1 bit. This enables the counter reset. Do an R Counter Load (“00” in 2 LSBs) Do an AB Counter Load (“01” in 2 LSBs). Do a Function Latch Load (“10” in 2 LSBs). As part of this, load “0” to the F1 bit. This disables the counter reset. This sequence provides the same close alignment as the initialization method. It offers direct control over the internal reset. Note that counter reset holds the counters at load point and threestates the charge pump, but does not trigger synchronous powerdown. The counter reset method requires an extra function latch load compared to the initialization latch method. RESYNCHRONIZING THE PRESCALER OUTPUT Table III (the Reference Counter Latch Map) shows two bits, DB22 and DB21 that are labelled DLY and SYNC respectively. These bits affect the operation of the prescaler. Initialization Latch Method Apply VDD. Program the Initialization Latch (“11” in 2 LSBs of input word). Make sure that F1 bit is programmed to “0.” Then do an R load (“00” in 2 LSBs). Then do an AB load (“01” in 2 LSBs). With SYNC = “1,” the prescaler output is resynchronized with the RF input. This has the effect of reducing jitter due to the prescaler and can lead to an overall improvement in synthesizer phase noise performance. Typically, a 1 dB to 2 dB improvement is seen in the ADF4113. The lower bandwidth devices can show an even greater improvement. For example, the ADF4110 phase noise is typically improved by 3 dB when SYNC is enabled. When the Initialization Latch is loaded, the following occurs: 1. The function latch contents are loaded. 2. An internal pulse resets the R, A, B, and timeout counters to load state conditions and also three-states the charge pump. Note that the prescaler bandgap reference and the oscillator input buffer are unaffected by the internal reset pulse, allowing close phase alignment when counting resumes. With DLY = “1,” the prescaler output is resynchronized with a delayed version of the RF input. 3. Latching the first AB counter data after the initialization word will activate the same internal reset pulse. Successive AB loads will not trigger the internal reset pulse unless there is another initialization. The CE Pin Method Apply VDD. Bring CE low to put the device into power-down. This is an asynchronous power-down in that it happens immediately. Program the Function Latch (10). Program the R Counter Latch (00). Program the AB Counter Latch (01). Bring CE high to take the device out of power-down. The R and AB counters will now resume counting in close alignment. Note that after CE goes high, a duration of 1 µs may be required for the prescaler bandgap voltage and oscillator input buffer bias to reach steady state. If the SYNC feature is used on the synthesizer, some care must be taken. At some point, (at certain temperatures and output frequencies), the delay through the prescaler will coincide with the active edge on RF input and this will cause the SYNC feature to break down. So, it is important when using the SYNC feature to be aware of this. Adding a delay to the RF signal, by programming DLY = “1,” will extend the operating frequency and temperature somewhat. Using the SYNC feature will also increase the value of the AIDD for the device. With a 900 MHz output, the ADF4113 AIDD increases by about 1.3 mA when SYNC is enabled and a further 0.3 mA if DLY is enabled. All the typical performance plots on the data sheet except for Figure 5 apply for DLY and SYNC = “0,” i.e., no resynchronization or delay enabled. –18– REV. 0 ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 KD = 5 mA KV = 12 MHz/V Loop Bandwidth = 20 kHz FREF = 200 kHz N = 4500 Extra Reference Spur Attenuation = 10 dB APPLICATIONS SECTION Local Oscillator for GSM Base Station Transmitter The following diagram shows the ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 being used with a VCO to produce the LO for a GSM base station transmitter. The reference input signal is applied to the circuit at FREFIN and, in this case, is terminated in 50 Ω. Typical GSM system would have a 13 MHz TCXO driving the Reference Input without any 50 Ω termination. In order to have a channel spacing of 200 kHz (the GSM standard), the reference input must be divided by 65, using the on-chip reference divider of the ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113. All of these specifications are needed and used to come up with the loop filter components values shown in Figure 29. The loop filter output drives the VCO, which, in turn, is fed back to the RF input of the PLL synthesizer and also drives the RF Output terminal. A T-circuit configuration provides 50 Ω matching between the VCO output, the RF output and the RFIN terminal of the synthesizer. The charge pump output of the ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 (Pin 2) drives the loop filter. In calculating the loop filter component values, a number of items need to be considered. In this example, the loop filter was designed so that the overall phase margin for the system would be 45 degrees. Other PLL system specifications are: VDD In a PLL system, it is important to know when the system is in lock. In Figure 29, this is accomplished by using the MUXOUT signal from the synthesizer. The MUXOUT pin can be programmed to monitor various internal signals in the synthesizer. One of these is the LD or lock-detect signal. VP RFOUT 100pF 1000pF 1000pF FREFIN 51⍀ 8 7 15 16 AVDD DVDD VP CP REFIN 3.3k⍀ 2 5.6k⍀ 1nF C 620pF VCC VCO190-902T P 8.2nF 3 DGND AGND 4 9 100pF DECOUPLING CAPACITORS ON AVDD, DVDD, VP OF THE ADF411X AND ON THE POSITIVE SUPPLY OF THE VCO190-902T HAVE BEEN OMITTED FROM THE DIAGRAM TO AID CLARITY. Figure 29. Local Oscillator for GSM Base Station REV. 0 100pF 18⍀ CE 14 LOCK CLK DETECT DATA MUXOUT LE 100pF 6 RFINA 1 RSET 5 RFINB 51⍀ CPGND SPI COMPATIBLE SERIAL BUS ADF4111 ADF4112 ADF4113 4.7k⍀ 18⍀ B –19– 18⍀ ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 RFOUT 100pF 8 FREFIN CP 2 LOOP FILTER REFIN 18⍀ 18⍀ OUTPUT VCO RSET ADF4111 ADF4112 ADF4113 CE CLK DATA LE 100pF INPUT 18⍀ GND 14 MUXOUT LOCK DETECT 1 RSET 2.7k⍀ RFINA 6 RFINB 100pF 5 51⍀ 100pF AD5320 12-BIT V-OUT DAC POWER SUPPLY CONNECTIONS AND DECOUPLING CAPACITORS ARE OMITTED FOR CLARITY. SPI COMPATIBLE SERIAL BUS Figure 30. Driving the RSET Pin with a D/A Converter USING A D/A CONVERTER TO DRIVE R SET PIN You can use a D/A converter to drive the RSET pin of the ADF4110 family and thus increase the level of control over the charge pump current ICP. This can be advantageous in wideband applications where the sensitivity of the VCO varies over the tuning range. To compensate for this, the ICP may be varied to maintain good phase margin and ensure loop stability. See Figure 30. SHUTDOWN CIRCUIT The attached circuit in Figure 31 shows how to shut down both the ADF4110 family and the accompanying VCO. The ADG701 switch goes closed circuit when a Logic 1 is applied to the IN input. The low-cost switch is available in both SOT-23 and micro SO packages. WIDEBAND PLL Many of the wireless applications for synthesizers and VCOs in PLLs are narrowband in nature. These applications include the various wireless standards like GSM, DSC1800, CDMA or WCDMA. In each of these cases, the total tuning range for the local oscillator is less than 100 MHz. However, there are also wide band applications where the local oscillator could have up to an octave tuning range. For example, cable TV tuners have a total range of about 400 MHz. Figure 32 shows an application where the ADF4113 is used to control and program the Micronetics M3500-2235. The loop filter was designed for an RF output of 2900 MHz, a loop bandwidth of 40 kHz, a PFD frequency of 1 MHz, ICP of 10 mA (2.5 mA synthesizer ICP multiplied by the gain factor of 4), VCO KD of 90 MHz/V (sensitivity of the M3500-2235 at an output of 2900 MHz) and a phase margin of 45°C. In narrow-band applications, there is generally a small variation in output frequency (generally less than 10%) and also a small variation in VCO sensitivity over the range (typically 10% to 15%). However, in wide band applications both of these parameters have a much greater variation. In Figure 32, for example, we have –25% and +17% variation in the RF output from the nominal 2.9 GHz. The sensitivity of the VCO can vary from 120 MHz/V at 2750 MHz to 75 MHz/V at 3400 MHz (+33%, –17%). Variations in these parameters will change the loop bandwidth. This in turn can affect stability and lock time. By changing the programmable ICP, it is possible to get compensation for these varying loop conditions and ensure that the loop is always operating close to optimal conditions. –20– REV. 0 ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 VP POWER-DOWN CONTROL VDD D 7 15 16 AVDD DVDD VP CE 8 FREFIN VDD S RFOUT IN ADG701 CP REFIN RSET GND VCC 2 LOOP FILTER 100pF 100pF 18⍀ VCO 1 18⍀ 18⍀ GND 4.7k⍀ ADF4110 ADF4111 ADF4112 ADF4113 RFINA AGND 3 100pF 5 51⍀ DGND CPGND RFINB 6 4 100pF 9 DECOUPLING CAPACITORS AND INTERFACE SIGNALS HAVE BEEN OMITTED FROM THE DIAGRAM TO AID CLARITY. Figure 31. Local Oscillator Shutdown Circuit RFOUT 20V VDD VP 12V 3k⍀ 1k⍀ 1000pF 1000pF FREFIN 51⍀ 8 15 16 7 AVDD DVDD VP 2 CP RSET RFINA 3 4 DGND RFINB AGND CPGND SPI-COMPATIBLE SERIAL BUS ADF4113 MUXOUT 9 14 6 2.8nF 19nF 4.7k⍀ 680⍀ 130pF 100pF 18⍀ GND 100pF 5 51⍀ 100pF DECOUPLING CAPACITORS ON AVDD, DVDD, VP OF THE ADF4113 AND ON VCC OF THE M3500-2250 HAVE BEEN OMITTED FROM THE DIAGRAM TO AID CLARITY. –21– 18⍀ OUT LOCK DETECT Figure 32. Wideband Phase Locked Loop REV. 0 V_TUNE M3500-2235 REFIN CE CLK DATA LE VCC AD820 3.3k⍀ 100pF 18⍀ ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 The target application is a WCDMA base station transmitter. Typical phase noise performance from this LO is –85 dBc/Hz at a 1 kHz offset. DIRECT CONVERSION MODULATOR In some applications a direct conversion architecture can be used in base station transmitters. Figure 33 shows the combination available from ADI to implement this solution. The LO port of the AD8346 is driven in single-ended fashion. LOIN is ac-coupled to ground with the 100 pF capacitor and LOIP is driven through the ac coupling capacitor from a 50 Ω source. An LO drive level of between –6 dBm and –12 dBm is required. The circuit of Figure 33 gives a typical level of –8 dBm. The circuit diagram shows the AD9761 being used with the AD8346. The use of dual integrated DACs such as the AD9761 with specified ± 0.02 dB and ± 0.004 dB gain and offset matching characteristics ensures minimum error contribution (over temperature) from this portion of the signal chain. The Local Oscillator (LO) is implemented using the ADF4113. In this case, the OSC 3B1-13M0 provides the stable 13 MHz reference frequency. The system is designed for a 200 kHz channel spacing and an output center frequency of 1960 MHz. REFIO IOUTA LOW-PASS FILTER IOUTB MODULATED DIGITAL DATA The RF output is designed to drive a 50 Ω load but must be ac-coupled as shown in Figure 33. If the I and Q inputs are driven in quadrature by 2 V p-p signals, the resulting output power will be around –10 dBm. IBBP 100pF VOUT IBBN AD9761 TxDAC AD8346 QOUTA FS ADJ LOW-PASS FILTER QOUTB QBBP QBBN 2k⍀ LOIN 4.7k⍀ LOIP 100pF OSC 3B1-13M0 REFIN SERIAL DIGITAL NTERFACE 100pF 18⍀ 3.3k⍀ CP 910pF ADF4113 VCO190-1960T 3.9k⍀ 620pF 9.1nF RFINB 100pF 100pF 18⍀ RSET TCXO RFOUT 18⍀ RFINA 100pF 51⍀ POWER SUPPLY CONNECTIONS AND DECOUPLING CAPACITORS ARE OMITTED FROM DIAGRAM FOR CLARITY. Figure 33. Direct Conversion Transmitter Solution –22– REV. 0 ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 INTERFACING ADSP-2181 Interface The ADF4110 family has a simple SPI-compatible serial interface for writing to the device. SCLK, SDATA and LE control the data transfer. When LE (Latch Enable) goes high, the 24 bits which have been clocked into the input register on each rising edge of SCLK will get transferred to the appropriate latch. See Figure 1 for the Timing Diagram and Table I for the Latch Truth Table. Figure 35 shows the interface between the ADF4110 family and the ADSP-21xx Digital Signal Processor. The ADF4110 family needs a 24-bit serial word for each latch write. The easiest way to accomplish this using the ADSP-21xx family is to use the Autobuffered Transmit Mode of operation with Alternate Framing. This provides a means for transmitting an entire block of serial data before an interrupt is generated. The maximum allowable serial clock rate is 20 MHz. This means that the maximum update rate possible for the device is 833 kHz or one update every 1.2 microseconds. This is certainly more than adequate for systems that will have typical lock times in hundreds of microseconds. SCLK ADSP-21xx DT TFS ADuC812 Interface Figure 34 shows the interface between the ADF4110 family and the ADuC812 microconverter. Since the ADuC812 is based on an 8051 core, this interface can be used with any 8051-based microcontroller. The microconverter is set up for SPI Master Mode with CPHA = 0. To initiate the operation, the I/O port driving LE is brought low. Each latch of the ADF4110 family needs a 24-bit word. This is accomplished by writing three 8-bit bytes from the microconverter to the device. When the third byte has been written the LE input should be brought high to complete the transfer. I/O FLAGS SCLK SDATA LE I/O PORTS CE ADF4110 ADF4111 ADF4112 ADF4113 MUXOUT (LOCK DETECT) Figure 34. ADuC812 to ADF4110 Family Interface REV. 0 CE ADF4110 ADF4111 ADF4112 ADF4113 Set up the word length for 8 bits and use three memory locations for each 24-bit word. To program each 24-bit latch, store the three 8-bit bytes, enable the Autobuffered mode and then write to the transmit register of the DSP. This last operation initiates the autobuffer transfer. When operating in the mode described, the maximum SCLOCK rate of the ADuC812 is 4 MHz. This means that the maximum rate at which the output frequency can be changed will be 166 kHz. MOSI LE Figure 35. ADSP-21xx to ADF4110 Family Interface I/O port lines on the ADuC812 are also used to control powerdown (CE input) and to detect lock (MUXOUT configured as lock detect and polled by the port input). ADuC812 SDATA MUXOUT (LOCK DETECT) On first applying power to the ADF4110 family, it needs three writes (one each to the R counter latch, the N counter latch and the initialization latch) for the output to become active. SCLOCK SCLK –23– ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS Dimensions shown in inches and (mm). 0.159 (4.05) 0.157 (4.00) 0.156 (3.95) 0.159 (4.05) 0.157 (4.00) 0.156 (3.95) C3766–5–4/00 (rev. 0) Chip Scale (CP-20) 0.079 (2.0) REF 0.014 (0.35) ⴛ 45° 0.018 (0.45) 0.016 (0.40) 0.014 (0.35) 16 15 0.039 (1.00) 0.035 (0.90) 0.031 (0.80) SEATING 0.0079 (0.20) PLANE REF 1 0.079 (2.0) REF DETAIL E 0.020 (0.5) REF LEAD PITCH TOP VIEW 20 11 10 5 6 BOTTOM VIEW (ROTATED 180ⴗ) 0.0083 (0.211) 0.0079 (0.200) 0.0077 (0.195) LEAD OPTION DETAIL E 0.011 (0.275) 0.010 (0.250) 0.009 (0.225) 0.018 (0.45) 0.016 (0.40) 0.014 (0.35) 0.0059 (0.15) REF 0.0059 (0.15) REF CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS Thin Shrink Small Outline (RU-16) 0.201 (5.10) 0.193 (4.90) 16 9 0.177 (4.50) 0.169 (4.30) 0.256 (6.50) 0.246 (6.25) 1 8 PIN 1 SEATING PLANE 0.0256 (0.65) BSC 0.0433 (1.10) MAX 0.0118 (0.30) 0.0075 (0.19) 0.0079 (0.20) 0.0035 (0.090) –24– 8ⴗ 0ⴗ 0.028 (0.70) 0.020 (0.50) PRINTED IN U.S.A. 0.006 (0.15) 0.002 (0.05) REV. 0