a FEATURES On-Chip Reference and Track/Hold On-Chip Input Buffer 850 mW Typical Power Dissipation at 105 MSPS 500 MHz Analog Bandwidth SNR = 67 dB @ 49 MHz AIN at 105 MSPS SFDR = 80 dB @ 49 MHz AIN at 105 MSPS 2.0 V p-p Differential Analog Input Range Single +5.0 V Supply Operation +3.3 V CMOS/TTL Outputs Two’s Complement Output Format 12-Bit, 80 MSPS/105 MSPS A/D Converter AD9432 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM VCC AIN AIN ENCODE ENCODE BUF T/H TIMING PIPELINE ADC VDD 12 12 OUTPUT STAGING D11–D0 OR REF AD9432 GND VREFOUT VREFIN APPLICATIONS Communications Basestations and ‘Zero-IF’ Subsystems Wireless Local Loop (WLL) Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) HDTV Broadcast Cameras and Film Scanners GENERAL INTRODUCTION The AD9432 is a 12-bit monolithic sampling analog-to-digital converter with an on-chip track-and-hold circuit and is optimized for high-speed conversion and ease of use. The product operates at a 105 MSPS conversion rate with outstanding dynamic performance over its full operating range. Fabricated on an advanced BiCMOS process, the AD9432 is available in a 52-lead plastic quad flatpack package (LQFP) specified over the industrial temperature range (–40°C to +85°C). The ADC requires only a single 5.0 V power supply and a 105 MHz encode clock for full-performance operation. No external reference or driver components are required for many applications. The digital outputs are TTL/CMOS compatible and a separate output power supply pin supports interfacing with 3.3 V logic. The encode input supports either differential or single-ended and is TTL/CMOS-compatible. REV. B Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781/329-4700 World Wide Web Site: http://www.analog.com Fax: 781/326-8703 © Analog Devices, Inc., 2000 (VDD = 3.3 V, VCC = 5.0 V; external reference; differential encode input, unless AD9432–SPECIFICATIONS otherwise noted) Parameter Temp Test Level AD9432BST-80 Min Typ Max RESOLUTION DC ACCURACY Differential Nonlinearity 12 –0.75 ± 0.25 –1.0 ± 0.5 –1.0 ± 0.5 –1.5 ± 1.0 Guaranteed –3 +2 150 +25°C Full +25°C Full Full +25°C Full I VI I VI VI I V ANALOG INPUT Input Voltage Range (AIN–AIN) Common-Mode Voltage Input Offset Voltage Input Resistance Input Capacitance Analog Bandwidth, Full Power Full Full Full Full +25°C +25°C V V VI VI V V ANALOG REFERENCE Output Voltage Tempco Input Bias Current Full Full Full VI V VI 2.4 SWITCHING PERFORMANCE Maximum Conversion Rate Minimum Conversion Rate Encode Pulsewidth High (tEH) Encode Pulsewidth Low (tEL) Aperture Delay (tA) Aperture Uncertainty (Jitter) Output Valid Time (tV)2 Output Propagation Delay (tPD)2 Output Rise Time (tR)2 Output Fall Time (tF) Out-of-Range Recovery Time Transient Response Time Latency Full Full +25°C +25°C +25°C +25°C Full Full Full Full +25°C +25°C Full VI IV IV IV V V VI VI V V V V IV 80 Full Full V V Full Full Full +25°C IV IV VI V Full Full VI VI Full +25°C Full Full VI I VI VI Integral Nonlinearity No Missing Codes Gain Error1 Gain Tempco1 DIGITAL INPUTS Encode Input Common Mode Differential Input (ENC–ENC) Single-Ended Logic “1” Voltage Logic “0” Voltage Input Resistance Input Capacitance DIGITAL OUTPUTS Logic “1” Voltage (VDD = +3.3 V) Logic “0” Voltage (VDD = +3.3 V) Output Coding POWER SUPPLY Power Dissipation3 Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) IVCC IVDD AD9432BST-105 Min Typ Max –5 2 ± 1.0 3.0 ±0 3 4 500 2.5 50 15 12 +0.75 +1.0 +1.0 +1.5 –0.75 –1.0 –1.0 –1.5 +7 –3 +5 4 –5 2 2.6 2.4 50 ± 0.25 ± 0.5 ± 0.5 ± 1.0 Guaranteed +2 150 ± 1.0 3.0 ±0 3 4 500 2.5 50 15 4.0 4.0 3.0 6.2 6.2 2.0 0.25 5.3 5.5 2.1 1.9 2 2 10 4.0 4.0 3.0 8.0 +7 % FS ppm/°C +5 4 2.6 50 4.8 4.8 2.0 0.25 5.3 5.5 2.1 1.9 2 2 10 8.0 0.8 8 VDD – 0.05 5 4.5 0.8 8 VDD – 0.05 0.05 Two’s Complement 790 0.5 158 9.5 3 1000 +5 200 12.2 0.05 Two’s Complement –5 850 0.5 170 12.5 V V mV kΩ pF MHz V ppm/°C µΑ MSPS MSPS ns ns ns ps rms ns ns ns ns ns ns Cycles V mV 2.0 5 4.5 –2– LSB LSB LSB LSB 1.6 750 2.0 –5 +0.75 +1.0 +1.0 +1.5 1 1.6 750 3 Bits 105 1 Unit 1100 +5 220 16 V V kΩ pF V V mW mV/V mA mA REV. B AD9432 Parameter Temp Test Level AD9432BST-80 Min Typ Max AD9432BST-105 Min Typ Max +25°C +25°C +25°C +25°C I I I V 65.5 65 65.5 +25°C +25°C +25°C +25°C I I I V 65 64.5 +25°C +25°C +25°C +25°C V V V V +25°C +25°C +25°C +25°C I I I V –75 –73 +25°C +25°C +25°C +25°C I I I V –80 –80 +25°C +25°C V V Unit 4 DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) (Without Harmonics) fIN = 10.3 MHz fIN = 40 MHz fIN = 49 MHz fIN = 70 MHz Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SINAD) (With Harmonics) fIN = 10.3 MHz fIN = 40 MHz fIN = 49 MHz fIN = 70 MHz Effective Number of Bits fIN = 10 MHz fIN = 40 MHz fIN = 49 MHz fIN = 70 MHz Second and Third Harmonic Distortion fIN = 10 MHz fIN = 40 MHz fIN = 49 MHz fIN = 70 MHz Worst Harmonic or Spur (Excluding Second and Third) fIN = 10 MHz fIN = 40 MHz fIN = 49 MHz fIN = 70 MHz Two-Tone Intermod Distortion (IMD) fIN1 = 29.3 MHz; fIN2 = 30.3 MHz fIN1 = 70.3 MHz; fIN2 = 71.3 MHz 67.5 67.2 67.0 66.1 64 67.2 66.9 66.7 65.8 65 63 11.0 10.9 10.9 10.7 –85 –85 –83 –80 –75 –72 –90 –90 –90 –90 –80 –80 –75 –66 67.5 67.2 67.0 66.1 dB dB dB dB 67.2 66.9 66.7 65.8 dB dB dB dB 11.0 10.9 10.9 10.7 Bits Bits Bits Bits –85 –83 –80 –78 dBc dBc dBc dBc –90 –90 –90 –90 dBc dBc dBc dBc –75 –66 dBc dBc NOTES 1 Gain error and gain temperature coefficients are based on the ADC only (with a fixed 2.5 V external reference and a 2 V p-p differential analog input). 2 tV and tPD are measured from the transition points of the ENCODE input to the 50%/50% levels of the digital outputs swing. The digital output load during test is not to exceed an ac load of 10 pF or a dc current of ± 40 µA. Rise and fall times measured from 10% to 90%. 3 Power dissipation measured with encode at rated speed and a dc analog input. (Outputs Static, I VDD = 0.) 4 SNR/harmonics based on an analog input voltage of –0.5 dBFS referenced to a 2 V full-scale input range. Typical θJA for LQFP package = 50°C/W. Specifications subject to change without notice. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* VDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +6 V VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +6 V Analog Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.5 V to VCC + 0.5 V Digital Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.5 V to VDD + 0.5 V VREFIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.5 V to VCC + 0.5 V Digital Output Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 mA Operating Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –55°C to +125°C Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +175°C Maximum Case Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +150°C *Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions outside of those indicated in the operation sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods may affect device reliability. ORDERING GUIDE Model Temperature Ranges Package Descriptions AD9432BST -80, -105 –40°C to +85°C 52-Lead Plastic Quad ST-52 Flatpack (LQFP) Evaluation Board AD9432/PCB +25°C CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the AD9432 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high-energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. REV. B –3– Package Option WARNING! ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE AD9432 GND GND 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 GND 1 39 GND PIN 1 IDENTIFIER VCC 2 GND 3 III Sample tested only. 38 GND 37 VCC 36 VCC GND 4 VCC 5 IV Parameter is guaranteed by design and characterization testing. V VCC DNC 100% production tested at +25°C and sample tested at specified temperatures. VREFOUT VREFIN VCC II GND VCC 100% production tested. VCC I AIN AIN PIN CONFIGURATION GND EXPLANATION OF TEST LEVELS Test Level 35 GND VCC 6 ENCODE 7 ENCODE 8 GND 9 Parameter is a typical value only. VI 100% production tested at +25°C; guaranteed by design and characterization testing for industrial temperature range. 34 GND AD9432 33 GND TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 32 VDD 31 DGND 30 D0 (LSB) VCC 10 GND 11 29 D1 28 D2 DGND 12 VDD 13 27 D3 D4 DGND D5 VDD VDD D6 DGND D8 D7 OR PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS (MSB) D11 D10 D9 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Pin Number AD9432BST Name Function 1, 3, 4, 9, 11, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 40, 43, 48, 51 2, 5, 6, 10, 36, 37, 42, 44, 47, 52 7 8 14 15–20, 25–30 12, 21, 24, 31 13, 22, 23, 32 41 45 46 49 50 GND VCC ENCODE ENCODE OR D11–D6, D5–D0 DGND VDD DNC VREFIN VREFOUT AIN AIN Analog Ground. Analog Supply (+5 V). Encode Clock for ADC–Complementary. Encode Clock for ADC–True (ADC samples on rising edge of ENCODE). Out of Range Output. Digital Output. Digital Output Ground. Digital Output Power Supply (2.7 V to 3.6 V). Do Not Connect. Reference Input for ADC (2.5 V Typical); Bypass with 0.1 µF to Ground. Internal Reference Output (2.5 V Typical). Analog Input–True. Analog Input–Complementary. DEFINITION OF SPECIFICATIONS Minimum Conversion Rate Analog Bandwidth (Small Signal) The analog input frequency at which the spectral power of the fundamental frequency (as determined by the FFT analysis) is reduced by 3 dB. The encode rate at which the SNR of the lowest analog signal frequency drops by no more than 3 dB below the guaranteed limit. Aperture Delay The delay between a differential crossing of ENCODE and ENCODE and the instant at which the analog input is sampled. The encode rate at which parametric testing is performed. Maximum Conversion Rate Output Propagation Delay The sample-to-sample variation in aperture delay. The delay between a differential crossing of ENCODE and ENCODE and the time when all output data bits are within valid logic levels. Differential Nonlinearity Power Supply Rejection Ratio The deviation of any code from an ideal 1 LSB step. The ratio of a change in input offset voltage to a change in power supply voltage. Aperture Uncertainty (Jitter) Encode Pulsewidth/Duty Cycle Pulsewidth high is the minimum amount of time that the ENCODE pulse should be left in Logic “1” state to achieve rated performance; pulsewidth low is the minimum time ENCODE pulse should be left in low state. At a given clock rate, these specs define an acceptable Encode duty cycle. Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion (SINAD) Integral Nonlinearity The ratio of the rms signal amplitude (set at 1 dB below full scale) to the rms value of the sum of all other spectral components, excluding the first five harmonics and dc. The ratio of the rms signal amplitude (set at 1 dB below full scale) to the rms value of the sum of all other spectral components, including harmonics but excluding dc. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) The deviation of the transfer function from a reference line measured in fractions of 1 LSB using a “best straight line” determined by a least square curve fit. –4– REV. B AD9432 Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) Two-Tone SFDR The ratio of the rms signal amplitude to the rms value of the peak spurious spectral component. The peak spurious component may or may not be a harmonic. May be reported in dBc (i.e., degrades as signal level is lowered), or in dBFS (always related back to converter full scale). The ratio of the rms value of either input tone to the rms value of the peak spurious component. The peak spurious component may or may not be an IMD product. May be reported in dBc (i.e., degrades as signal levels is lowered), or in dBFS (always related back to converter full scale). Two-Tone Intermodulation Distortion Rejection Worst Harmonic The ratio of the rms value of either input tone to the rms value of the worst third order intermodulation product; reported in dBc. The ratio of the rms signal amplitude to the rms value of the worst harmonic component, reported in dBc. SAMPLE N SAMPLE N–1 SAMPLE N+10 SAMPLE N+11 AIN SAMPLE N+1 tA t EH SAMPLE N+9 t EL 1/f S ENCODE ENCODE t PD DATA N–11 D11–D0 DATA N–10 N–9 N–2 tV DATA N–1 DATA N DATA N + 1 Figure 1. Timing Diagram VCC VCC 17k⍀ 17k⍀ ENCODE ENCODE VREFIN 100⍀ 100⍀ 8k⍀ 8k⍀ Figure 4. Equivalent Encode Input Circuit Figure 2. Equivalent Voltage Reference Input Circuit VCC VDD Q1 NPN VREFOUT DIGITAL OUTPUT DIGITAL OUTPUT VREF OUTPUT Figure 5. Equivalent Digital Output Circuit Figure 3. Equivalent Voltage Reference Output Circuit VCC 5k⍀ 5k⍀ 7k⍀ 7k⍀ AIN AIN ANALOG INPUT Figure 6. Equivalent Analog Input Circuit REV. B –5– AD9432 –Typical Performance Characteristics 70 90 AIN = 10.3MHz 85 SFDR 65 SNR – dB dB 80 75 70 60 SNR 55 65 SINAD 60 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 ENCODE – MSPS 120 140 Figure 7. SNR/SINAD/SFDR vs. fS: fIN = 10.3 MHz 250 50 100 150 200 AIN INPUT FREQUENCY – MHz (–0.5dBFS) 0 160 Figure 10. SNR vs. AIN Input Frequency, Encode = 105 MSPS 100 –50 AIN = 10.3MHz ENCODE = 105MSPS –55 90 –60 –65 80 2nd or 3rd (–6.0dBFS) dBc dBc –70 –75 70 –80 60 –85 3rd –90 50 2nd or 3rd (–0.5dBFS) 2nd –95 2nd or 3rd (–3.0dBFS) 40 –100 0 20 40 60 80 100 ENCODE – MSPS 120 140 0 160 Figure 8. Harmonics vs. fS: fIN = 10.3 MHz 20 180 200 Figure 11. Harmonics vs. fIN: fS = 105 MSPS 100 70 ENCODE = 105MSPS ENCODE = 105MSPS WORST OTHER (–0.5dBFS) 65 90 60 80 WORST OTHER (–6.0dBFS) 55 dBc SINAD (–3.0dBFS) dB 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 ANALOG INPUT FREQUENCY – MHz SINAD (–6.0dBFS) SINAD (–0.5dBFS) 50 WORST OTHER (–3.0dBFS) 70 60 50 45 40 40 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 ANALOG INPUT FREQUENCY – MHz 0 180 200 Figure 9. SINAD vs. fIN: fS = 105 MSPS 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 ANALOG INPUT FREQUENCY – MHz 180 200 Figure 12. Worst-Case Spur (Other than Second and Third) vs. fIN: fS = 105 MSPS –6– REV. B AD9432 0 0 ENCODE = 105MSPS AIN = 10.3MHz (–0.53dBFS) SNR = 67.32dB SINAD = 67.07dB SFDR = –85dBc –10 –20 –20 –30 –40 –40 –50 –50 dB dB –30 –10 –60 –60 –70 –70 –80 –80 –90 –90 –100 –100 –110 –110 –120 –120 SAMPLES SAMPLES Figure 13. Spectrum: fS = 105 MSPS, fIN = 10.3 MHz Figure 16. Spectrum: fS = 105 MSPS, fIN = 50.3 MHz 0 0 –10 –20 ENCODE = 105MSPS AIN = 27.0MHz (–0.52dBFS) SNR = 67.3dB SINAD = 67.0dB SFDR = –83.1dBc –10 –20 –40 –50 –50 –60 –60 –70 –70 –80 –80 –90 –90 –100 –100 –110 –110 –120 –120 SAMPLES SAMPLES Figure 14. Spectrum: fS = 105 MSPS, fIN = 27 MHz Figure 17. Two-Tone Spectrum, Wideband: fS = 105 MSPS, AIN1 = 29.3 MHz, AIN2 = 30.3 MHz 0 0 –10 –20 ENCODE = 105MSPS AIN = 40.9MHz (–0.56dBFS) SNR = 67.2dB SINAD = 66.9dB SFDR = –80dBc –10 –20 –40 –50 –50 –60 –60 –70 –70 –80 –80 –90 –90 –100 –100 –110 –110 –120 –120 SAMPLES SAMPLES Figure 15. Spectrum: fS = 105 MSPS, fIN = 40.9 MHz REV. B AIN1 = 70.3MHz (–7dBFS) AIN2 = 71.3MHz (–7dBFS) ENCODE = 105MSPS –30 –40 dBc dB –30 AIN1 = 29.3MHz (–7dBFS) AIN2 = 30.3MHz (–7dBFS) ENCODE = 105MSPS –30 –40 dBc dB –30 ENCODE = 105MSPS AIN = 50.3MHz (–0.46dBFS) SNR = 67.0dB SINAD = 66.7dB SFDR = –80dBc Figure 18. Two-Tone Spectrum, Wideband: fS = 105 MSPS, AIN1 = 70.3 MHz, AIN2 = 71.3 MHz –7– AD9432 1.00 100 0.75 dBFS 90 0.50 80 70 ENCODE = 105MSPS AIN = 50.3MHz 0.25 60 LSB WORST CASE SPURIOUS – dBc AND dBFS 110 50 dBc 40 0.00 –0.25 30 –0.50 20 –0.75 10 0 –80 –1.00 –70 –60 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 ANALOG INPUT POWER LEVEL – dBFS 0 INL Figure 21. Integral Nonlinearity: fS = 105 MSPS Figure 19. Single Tone SFDR 3.0 1.00 0.75 0.50 VOLTAGE – V 2.5 LSB 0.25 0.00 –0.25 2.0 –0.50 –0.75 1.5 –1.00 0 DNL 2 4 6 CURRENT – mA 8 10 Figure 22. Voltage Reference Output vs. Current Load Figure 20. Differential Nonlinearity: fS = 105 MSPS –8– REV. B AD9432 Often, the cleanest clock source is a crystal oscillator producing a pure sine wave. In this configuration, or with any roughly symmetrical clock input, the input can be ac-coupled and biased to a reference voltage that also provides the ENCODE. This ensures that the reference voltage is centered on the encode signal. APPLICATION NOTES Theory of Operation The AD9432 is a multibit pipeline converter that uses a switched capacitor architecture. Optimized for high speed, this converter provides flat dynamic performance up to frequencies near Nyquist. DNL transitional errors are calibrated at final test to a typical accuracy of 0.25 LSB or less. Digital Outputs The digital outputs are 3.3 V (2.7 V to 3.6 V) TTL/CMOScompatible for lower power consumption. USING THE AD9432 Analog Input ENCODE Input Any high speed A/D converter is extremely sensitive to the quality of the sampling clock provided by the user. A track/hold circuit is essentially a mixer, and any noise, distortion, or timing jitter on the clock will be combined with the desired signal at the A/D output. For that reason, considerable care has been taken in the design of the ENCODE input of the AD9432, and the user is advised to give commensurate thought to the clock source. The ENCODE input supports either differential or single-ended and is fully TTL/CMOS compatible. Note that the ENCODE inputs cannot be driven directly from PECL level signals (VIHD is 3.5 V max). PECL level signals can easily be accommodated by ac coupling as shown in Figure 23. Good performance is obtained using an MC10EL16 in the circuit to drive the encode inputs. 0.1F The analog input to the AD9432 is a differential buffer. The input buffer is self-biased by an on-chip resistor divider that sets the dc common-mode voltage to a nominal 3 V (see Equivalent Circuits section). Rated performance is achieved by driving the input differentially. Minimum input offset voltage is obtained when driving from a source with a low differential source impedance such as a transformer in ac applications. Capacitive coupling at the inputs will increase the input offset voltage by as much as ±25 mV. Driving the ADC single-endedly will degrade performance. For best dynamic performance, impedances at AIN and AIN should match. Special care was taken in the design of the analog input section of the AD9432 to prevent damage and corruption of data when the input is overdriven. The nominal input range is 2.0 V p-p. Each analog input will be 1 V p-p when driven differentially. AD9432 4.0 ENCODE PECL GATE ENCODE 510⍀ 510⍀ AIN 0.1F 3.5 GND Figure 23. AC Coupling to ENCODE Inputs 3.0 ENCODE Voltage Level Definition The voltage level definitions for driving ENCODE and ENCODE in single-ended and differential mode are shown in Figure 24. AIN 2.5 ENCODE Inputs Differential Signal Amplitude (VID) . . . . . . . . . . . 500 mV min, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 mV nom High Differential Input Voltage (VIHD) . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 V max Low Differential Input Voltage (VILD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 V min Common-Mode Input (VICM) . . . . . . . 1.25 V min, 1.6 V nom High Single-Ended Voltage (VIHS) . . . . . 2 V min to 3.5 V max Low Single-Ended Voltage (VILS) . . . . . 0 V min to 0.8 V max ENCODE ENCODE Figure 25. Full-Scale Analog Input Range Voltage Reference A stable and accurate 2.5 V voltage reference is built into the AD9432 (VREFOUT). In normal operation the internal reference is used by strapping Pin 45 to Pin 46 and placing a 0.1 µF decoupling capacitor at VREFIN. The input range can be adjusted by varying the reference voltage applied to the AD9432. No appreciable degradation in performance occurs when the reference is adjusted ±5%. The full-scale range of the ADC tracks reference voltage changes linearly. VIHD VICM 2.0 VID VILD Timing The AD9432 provides latched data outputs, with 10 pipeline delays. Data outputs are available one propagation delay (tPD) after the rising edge of the encode command (see Figure 1). The length of the output data lines and loads placed on them should be minimized to reduce transients within the AD9432; these transients can detract from the converter’s dynamic performance. VIHS ENCODE 0.1F VILS Figure 24. Differential and Single-Ended Input Levels REV. B –9– AD9432 The minimum guaranteed conversion rate of the AD9432 is 1 MSPS. At internal clock rates below 1 MSPS, dynamic performance may degrade. Therefore, input clock rates below 1 MHz should be avoided. 66 65 SNR 64 Code AIN–AIN (V) Digital Output +2047 1.000 0111 1111 1111 • • • • • • 0 0 0000 0000 0000 –1 –0.00049 1111 1111 1111 • • • • • • –2048 –1.000 1000 0000 0000 dB Table I. Output Coding (VREF = +2.5 V) (Two’s Complement) 63 SINAD 62 61 60 0 20 40 60 AIN MHz Figure 27. Measured SNR and SINAD (Encode = 105 MSPS) –70 Using the AD8138 to Drive the AD9432 H2 A new differential output op amp from Analog Devices, Inc., the AD8138 can be used to drive the AD9432 in dc-coupled applications. The AD8138 was specifically designed for ADC driver applications. Superior SNR performance is maintained up to analog frequencies of 30 MHz. The AD8138 op amp provides single-ended-to-differential conversion, providing for a low cost option to transformer coupling for ac applications as well. dB –80 –90 The circuit in Figure 26 was breadboarded and the measured performance is shown in Figures 27 and 28. The figures shown are for ± 5 V supplies at the AD8138—performance dropped by about 1 dB–2 dB with a single +5 V supply at the AD8138. –100 0 20 40 60 AIN MHz Figure 27 shows SNR and SINAD for a –1 dBFS analog input frequency varied from 2 MHz to 40 MHz with an encode rate of 105 MSPS. The measurements are for nominal conditions at room temperature. Figure 28 shows the second and third harmonic distortion performance under the same conditions. The dc common-mode voltage for the AD8138 outputs can be adjusted via input VOCM to provide the 3 V common-mode voltage the AD9432 inputs require. 500⍀ H3 Figure 28. Measured Second and Third Order Harmonic Distortion (Encode = 105 MSPS) EVALUATION BOARD The AD9432 evaluation board offers an easy way to test the AD9432. It requires an analog signal, encode clock, and power supplies as inputs. The clock is buffered on the board to provide the clocks for an on-board DAC and latches. The digital outputs and output clock are available at a standard 37-pin connector P7. Power Connector AD9432 10pF P40 50⍀ VIN AIN 500⍀ 50⍀ AD8138 22pF 50⍀ AIN VOCM 5V 500⍀ 25⍀ 500⍀ Power is supplied to the board via two detachable 4-pin power strips P30, P40. 10pF VCC2 5 V/165 mA GND VCC 5 V/200 mA GND DAC Supply ADC Analog Supply P30 2k⍀ 3k⍀ P1 P2 P3 P4 0.1F P5 P6 P7 P8 VD GND No Connect No Connect 3.3 V /105 mA Latch, ADC Digital Output Supply Figure 26. AD8138/AD9432 Schematic –10– REV. B AD9432 Analog Inputs The evaluation board accepts a 2 V p-p analog input signal at SMB connector P2. This single-ended signal is ac-coupled by capacitor C11 and drives a wideband RF transformer T1 (MiniCircuits ADT1-1WT) that converts the single-ended signal to a differential signal. (The AD9432 should be driven differentially to provide optimum performance.) The evaluation board is shipped with termination resistors R4, R5, which provide the effective 50 Ω termination impedance; input termination resistor R10 is optional. Note: The second harmonic distortion that some RF transformers tend to introduce at high frequencies can be reduced by coupling two transformers in series as shown in Figure 29 below. (Improvements on the order of 3 dB–4 dB can be realized.) Note: Jitter performance on the clock source is critical at this performance level; a stable, crystal-controlled signal generator is used to generate all of the ADC performance plots. Figure 31 shows the Encode+ clock at the ADC. The 3 V Latch clock generated on the card is also shown in the plot. 86 ACQS [T] TEK STOP: 5.00GS/s C1 MAX 2.33V C1 MIN 810mV TO AIN+ C2 0.1F T1 T C1 FREQ 106.3167MHz LOW SIGNAL AMPLITUDE R1 25⍀ T2 IN R2 25⍀ C1 0.1F 2 TO AIN– Figure 29. Improving Second Harmonic Distortion Performance CH1 CH2 1.00V M 5.00ns CH1 1.20V Figure 31. Encode+ Clock and Latch Clock 14 ACQS [T] TEK STOP: 5.00GS/s 1.00V DATA OUTPUTS The ADC digital outputs are latched on the board by two 574s, the latch outputs are available at the 37-pin connector at Pins 25–36. A latch output clock (data ready) is available at Pin 21, with the complement at Pin 2. There are series termination resistors on the data and clock outputs. These can be changed if required to accommodate different loading situations. Figure 32 shows a data bit switching and output clock (DR) at the connector. C1 MAX 3.4V T C1 MIN 2.5mV C1 FREQ 49.995MHz LOW SIGNAL AMPLITUDE 265 ACQS [T] TEK STOP: 5.00GS/s 2 CH1 500mV CH3 2.00V CH2 500mV M 5.00ns CH1 C1 MAX 3.06V 3.00V Figure 30. Analog Input Levels C1 MIN –390mV The full-scale analog inputs to the ADC should be two 1 V p-p signals 180 degrees out of phase with each other as shown in Figure 30. The analog inputs are dc biased by two on-chip resistor dividers that set the common-mode voltage to approximately 0.6 × VCC (0.6 × 5 = 3 V). AIN+ and AIN– each vary between 2.5 V and 3.5 V as shown in the two upper traces in Figure 30. The lower trace is the input at SMB P2 (on a 2 V/div scale). T C1 FREQ 105.4562MHz 2 Encode The encode input to the board is at SMB connector P3. The (>1 V p-p) input is ac-coupled and drives two high-speed differential line receivers (MC10EL16). These receivers provide subnanosecond rise times at their outputs—a requirement for the ADC clock inputs for optimum performance. The EL16 outputs are PECL levels and must be ac-coupled to meet the common-mode dc levels required at the AD9432 encode inputs. A PECL/TTL translator (MC100ELT23), provides the clocks required at the output latches, DAC, and 37-pin connector. REV. B CH1 1.00V CH2 1.00V M 5.00ns CH1 1.20V Figure 32. Data Bit and Clock at 37-Pin Connector REFERENCE The AD9432 has an on-chip reference of 2.5 V available at VREFOUT (Pin 46). Most applications will simply tie this output to the VREFIN input (Pin 45). This is accomplished jumping E4 to E6 on the board. An external voltage reference can drive the VREFIN pin if desired by strapping E4 to E3 and placing an AD780 voltage reference on the board (not supplied). –11– AD9432 DAC TROUBLESHOOTING The evaluation board has an on board reconstruction DAC (AD9752). This is placed only to facilitate testing and debug of the board. It should not be used to measure the performance of the ADC, as it will not accurately indicate the ADC performance. The DAC output is available at SMB P1. It will drive a 50 Ω load. Provision to power-down the DAC is at Pin 15 at the DAC. If the board does not seem to be working correctly, try the following: PCB LAYOUT The PCB is designed on a four-layer (1 oz. Cu) board. Components and routing are on the top layer with a ground flood for additional isolation. Test and ground points were judiciously placed to facilitate high-speed probing. A common ground plane exists on the second layer. The third layer has three split power planes, two for the ADC and one for support logic. The DAC, components, and routing are located on the bottom layer. • Verify power at IC pins. • Check that all jumpers are in the correct position for the desired mode of operation. • Verify VREF is at 2.5 V. • Try running encode clock and analog inputs at low speeds (10 MSPS/1 MHz) and monitor 574 outputs, DAC output, and ADC outputs for toggling. The AD9432 Evaluation Board is provided as a design example for customers of Analog Devices, Inc. ADI makes no warranties, express, statutory, or implied, regarding merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. PCB Bill of Materials # Quantity REFDES Device Package Value 1 30 Capacitor 603 0.1 µF 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 4 1 18 3 1 2 6 Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor E-HOLE Connector 37-Pin Connector Power Connector Resistor 603 CAPTAJD CAPTAJD Test Point SMB Female 0.01 µF 10 µF 1 µF 1206 50 Ω 10 11 12 13 14 2 4 2 4 1 C1–C8, C10–C13, C17, C19–C22, C27–C29, C41, C42, C47, C48, C53, C56, C58, C60, C61, C70 C9 C14, C18, C31, C34 C15 E1–E13, E30, E32, E40, E42, E43 P1, P2, P3 P7 P30, P40 R1, R2, R7, R8, R10, R18 (R1, R2, R10 Optional) R3, R35 R25, R26, R31, R32 R6, R24 RP1–RP4 T1 Resistor Resistor Resistor RES PAK Transformer 1206 1206 1206 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 U1 U2 U3, U4 U9 U12–U13 Z1 Z2, Z3 R4, R5, R15 DAC Reference (Not Supplied) Inverter (U4 Not Supplied) ADC Latch PECL/TTL Translator Differential Receiver Resistor SOIC SOIC SC70 52QFP SOIC SOIC SOIC 1206 100 Ω 500 Ω 2 kΩ 100 Ω Mini-Circuits ADT1-1WT AD9752 AD780N NC7SZ04P5 AD9432 74AC574M MC100ELT23 MC10EL16 24.9 Ω –12– AMP 747462-2 REV. B –13– P3 SMBPN C11 0.1F AGND C47 0.1F R10 50⍀ (OPTIONAL) AGND ENCODE P2 SMBPN ANALOG VCC 3 PAI Figure 33a. PCB Schematic AGND C6 0.1F 5 6 7 8 8 VCC 7 Q 6 QB 5 VEE VEE QB Q VCC MC10EL16 Z3 + AGND E4 C2 E5 0.1F AGND R26 500⍀ R25 500⍀ AGND R32 500⍀ R31 500⍀ AGND VCC2 C60 0.1F AGND AGND VCC C61 0.1F AGND AGND EXTREF EXTREF C14 10F AGND C9 0.01F AGND MC10EL16 VBB DB D NC 1 NC 2 D 3 DB 4 VBB C58 0.1F 4 3 2 1 Z2 AGND C70 0.1F R5 24.9⍀ AGND 8 2.5/3V 7 NC 6 VOUT 5 TRIM AD780N R4 24.9⍀ AGND R3 100⍀ R35 100⍀ 4 SEC 2 T1 ADT1-1WT 1 6 C15 1F AGND 1 NC 2 +VIN 3 TEMP 4 GND E1 C8 0.1F C7 0.1F AIN AIN E3 AGND AGND FLOAT AGND VCC VREFOUT VREFIN ENC ENC Z1 10 33 32 AD9432 AGND 23 AGND VCC2 C1 0.1F AGND 11 NC = NO CONNECT 8 VCC 7 Q0 6 Q1 5 GND 21 MC100ELT23 1 D0 2 D08 3 D18 4 D1 7 8 49 AIN 50 AIN 46 45 39 40 41 42 U9 47 NC A 3 GND 2 1 5 26 25 20 19 18 16 17 15 14 VCC Y VCC 4 5 8 7 8 7 VD AGND C5 0.1F R8 50⍀ R7 50⍀ AGND R1 100⍀ R2 100⍀ VD DR DR CLOCK 16 16 1 1 RP1 14 14 15 15 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 3 3 2 2 6 5 5 4 4 6 7 8 16 16 1 1 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 100⍀ RP2 RPAK_742 100⍀ RPAK_742 3 3 2 2 6 5 5 4 4 6 7 8 (R1, R2, OPTIONAL) AGND AGND 27 D3 28 D2 29 D1 30 D0 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 (MSB) D11 OR 2 NC7SZ04P5 U4 (NOT SUPPLIED) AGND 43 AGND 52 48 VD 44 38 VCC 37 4 C4 0.1F 34 31 22 35 E2 12 VCC 9 24 36 13 51 6 3 REV. B 1 U2 (NOT SUPPLIED) D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 DR AD9432 VCC (+5V) AGND VCC2 (+5V) 2 1 –14– INV AGND E7 DR E40 DR E6 E43 D11 CLOCK E42 SCOPE TEST POINTS AGND 3 NC 4 NC 5 VD (+3V) 7 6 AGND 8 D0 P40 P30 3 2 1 Y VCC C31 10F C34 10F C28 0.1F OUT BYPASS C48 0.1F C27 0.1F C19 0.1F C29 0.1F C20 0.1F OUT BYPASS 4 5 VCC2 C3 0.1F AGND AGND ACON NC3 D3 D2 9 10 11 12 D3 D2 D1 D0 14 13 IOUTB 7 D5 8 D4 D4 REFIO REFLO SLEEP D0 NC NC1 AD9752 FSADJ D1 IOUTA AVDD ICOMP D6 6 D7 5 NC2 D8 D5 D9 D6 DVDD DCON D10 CLK D7 3 D9 VD E1 E8 0.1F GND U12 74AC574M C13 0.1F VCC2 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 18 20 19 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 18 20 19 13 12 11 10 9 B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 P1 SMBPN AGND C12 0.1F 16 16 B5 B6 15 15 B7 14 14 B8 13 13 B9 12 12 11 11 B10 10 10 B11 9 9 RPAK_742 100⍀ RP4 13 12 11 10 9 16 16 15 15 14 14 RPAK_742 100⍀ RP3 DACOUT 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 R18 50⍀ AGND R15 24.9⍀ INV MSB BDR CLOCK VD CLOCK VD C18 10F AGND R24 2k⍀ AGND AGND AGND AGND C17 0.1F AGND 74AC574M 1 OUT_EN VCC 2 D0 Q0 3 D1 Q1 4 D2 Q2 5 D3 Q3 6 D4 Q4 7 D5 Q5 8 D6 Q6 9 D7 Q7 10 GND CLOCK VCC2 D8 D9 D10 D11 DR GND GND D5 D6 D7 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 GND U13 AGND VCC2 1 OUT_EN VCC 2 D0 Q0 3 D1 Q1 4 D2 Q2 5 D3 Q3 6 D4 Q4 7 D5 Q5 8 D6 Q6 9 D7 Q7 10 GND CLOCK C42 0.1F C53 0.1F AGND C41 0.1F CLOCK R6 2k⍀ AGND 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 C56 0.1F LATCHES C10 C22 0.1F AGND 4 2 D10 D11 U1 C21 0.1F D8 1 MSB E12 E11 E10 E9 E32 E30 GROUND PLANE CONNECTING E-HOLES + + NC = NO CONNECT NC7SZ04P5 GND A NC U3 AGND VD AGND VCC VCC2 AGND DR AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 P18 P19 2 P2 1 P1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 P20 P21 P22 P23 P24 P25 P26 P27 P28 P29 P30 P31 P32 P33 P34 P35 P36 P37 P7 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 DR B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B0R AD9432 Figure 33b. PCB Schematic (Continued) REV. B AD9432 REV. B Figure 34. Top Silkscreen Figure 37. Split Power Plane Figure 35. Top Level Routing Figure 38. Bottom Layer Route Figure 36. Ground Plane Figure 39. Bottom Silkscreen –15– AD9432 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS Dimensions shown in inches and (mm). 0.063 (1.60) MAX C3619–0–6/00 (rev. B) 00587 52-Lead Plastic Quad Flatpack (LQFP) (ST-52) 0.472 (12.00) SQ 0.030 (0.75) 0.018 (0.45) 39 27 40 26 SEATING PLANE 0.394 (10.0) SQ TOP VIEW (PINS DOWN) 14 52 0.057 (1.45) 0.053 (1.35) 1 13 0.026 (0.65) BSC 0.015 (0.38) 0.009 (0.22) PRINTED IN U.S.A. 0.006 (0.15) 0.002 (0.05) –16– REV. B